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Classification of sounds, , 01
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Vowel (20), Short Vowels, , EASY VOWELS, , Long Vowels, , Diphthongs, , i,, , ship, , ship, , sheep, , cup, , peer,fear, clear, , u,, , book, , book, , boot, , along, , day, A, May, , e,, , bed, , bird, , buy, I, high, , o,, , pot, , pot, , port, , cow, brown, mountain, , a,, , cat, , cat, , cart, , go, through, grow, , air, fair,pair, , poor, tour, , toy, toy, , 05
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Consonants (24), Easy Consonants, Letters, Sounds, , Remaining, , b,, , /b/, , ship, shoe, wash, , p,, , /p/, , measure, treasure, , t,, , /t/, , Church, catch, , f,, , /f/, , June, Geography, , d,, , /d/, , think, throw, , k,, , /k/, , that, then, , g,, , /g/, , ring, king, , v,, , /v/, , Yellow, yes, , s,, , /s/, , m,, , /m/, , n,, , /n/, , h,, , /h/, , 1,, , /1/, , r, w, z, /r/ /w/ /z/, , stand, fancy, school, teacher, department, breakfast, knowledge, , 06
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/a:/ /ಆ/ card - mark - bar, art, , star, , caste, , chart, , charge, , ark, , heart, , castle, , March, , artist, , argue, , guard, , park, , pass, , depart, , arm, , sharp, , lark, , large, , apart, , aunt, , draft, , blast, , harm, , arch, , grant, , part, , alarm, , plaster, , ask, , demand, , calf, , party, , pastor, , after, , France, , half, , laughter, , bastard, , car, , grass, , palm, , bath, , nasty, , bar, , grasp, , balm, , path, , farmer, , war, , graph, , wander, , partner, , tar, , giraffe, , laugh, , Mars, , branch, , jar, , mark, , start, , hectare, , granted, , far, , shark, , tart, , master, , mustache, , last, past, , clerk, card, , bark, mask, , calm, article, , mart, basket, , class, , hard, , dark, , artificial, , market, , dance, , ward, , fathet, , participate, , fast, , chance, , glance, , are, , army, , farm, , 07
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/ʌ/ - /ಅ/ - bus, must, button, fun, run, son, sun, bun, done, gun, none, ton, won, one, but, cut, hut, nut, shut, bus, bug, rug, , much, must, love, stove, clove, glove, dust, rust, flood, blood, rush, flush, crush, gush, motton, button, bud, mud, stud, , plug, snug, hug, luck, suck, bucket, rub, shrub, bulb, come, run, some, gun, number, tongue, brush, worry, plum, slum, , pump, bump, dump, hump, sump, dove, drug, money, honey, enough, bulk, bulg, from, club, shrub, cover, rough, tough, slough, , up, under, udder, upper, ugly, hurry, curry, pulp, cup, cutter, butter, shutter, cousin, colour, clutch, duck, does, pub, rubber, , 08
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apple, act, at, an, , /ᴂ/ - /ಆ(aya)/ - cat - man - bad, animal, Adam, adjective, activity, , had, lad, mad, pad, , clap, snap, trap, flap, , swap, sand, land, hand, , and, , atmosphere, , sad, , flat, , band, , am, as, ant, add, action, Africa, anchor, ankle, angry, actor, Atlas, annual, Antarctic, athletic, , anklet, ample, anger, angle, bat, cat, fat, hat, mat, pat, rat, sat, bad, dad, , can, ban, fan, man, pan, ran, van, gap, rap, tap, cap, lap, map, wrap, , flag, bag, tag, rag, swag, wag, back, crack, lack, hack, knack, pack, yak, , grand, stand, expand, strand, tank, blank, black, frank, thank, plant, pant, brand, that, than, , 09
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/ᴂ/ - /ಆ/ (aya) - cat - manner - bad, sank, rank, bank, ash, rash, cash, mash, flash, smash, trash, glad, bladder, ladder, battle, cattle, habit, rabbit, , bangle, language, mango, kangaroo, dangle, hang, rang, sang, bang, gang, dang, tang, maths, mansion, tax, relax, mass, , fashion, passion, attach, attack, crab, grab, drag, gas, has, have, carrot, parrot, sandle, handle, candle, pattern, patter, , catch, match, snatch, batch, badge, latch, shampoo, programme, shadow, January, Saturday, hammer, slab, lab, tab, manner, sample, , stamp, lamp, anti, camel, cabbage, carry, magic, matter, bacteria, magnetic, bracket, blanket, stampede, stammer, camera, damage, candy, , cabin, , passive, , grammar, , camp, , dagger, , tablet, , plastic, , graphic, , ramp, , marriage, 10
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/i/ - /ಇ/ - pin - bill - pink, in, ink, into, inner, is, if, it, ill, pin, sin, bin, fin, tin, win, bill, fill, gill, hill, mill, , mill, nil, pill, till, will, fit, hit, knit, lit, bit, sit, wit, kit, shit, pink, wink, sink, blink, think, , kid, bid, did, hid, lid, sing, ring, wing, king, bingo, finger, sim, mint, pint, print, hint, nick, pick, sick, , lick, gist, list, mist, miss, kiss, hiss, wrist, wriggle, quick, quit, quill, quiver, mister, sister, glitter, mini, thrill, rich, , squirrel, biscuit, women, locket, braket, poket, blanket, decide, december, wig, grid, his, him, insect, England, English, thin, this, India, , 11
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/I:/ - /ಈ/ - eat - feel - speak, eat, , seed, , beep, , beast, , creature, , eagle, , weed, , deep, , least, , beach, , each, , deed, , weep, , feast, , treat, , eel, , greed, , jeep, , cheese, , meet, , Easter, , need, , keep, , geese, , meat, , feel, , yield, , peep, , niece, , wheat, , peel, , feet, , heap, , tease, , believe, , reel, , neat, , seen, , sea, , beetle, , kneel, , sheet, , scene, , see, , beneath, , heal, , greet, , mean, , tea, , Greek, , heel, , fleet, , been, , three, , Greece, 12
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/u/ - /ಉ/ - put - book, put, , would, , shook, , foot, , pusher, , book, , could, , pulley, , push, , bulletin, , look, , should, , bosom, , bush, , cooker, , took, , woman, , education, , cushion, , lookafter, , cook, , wolf, , saturate, , bull, , booked, , hook, , mustache, , footage, , full, , bullet, , rook, , sugar, , footprints, , pull, , Muslim, , good, , bullock, , football, , cookie, , woollen, , wood, , bouquet, , woodpecker, , oops, , fulfill, , hood, , July, , woodpile, , woof, , stood, , oomph, , pullet, , wooden, , 13
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ooze, oozy, oof, oodles, food, mood, rude, pool, tool, cool, stool, rule, moon, noon, soon, boom, shoe, who, soup, , /u:/ - /ಊ/ - soup - fool, , fluent, glue, flu, flew, through, threw, blue, blew, grew, groove, groom, broom, room, womb, tomb, soup, troop, group, dupe, , hoop, loop, you, loose, lose, roof, hoof, woof, few, chew, wound (n), goose, boost, balloon, salloon, buffoon, use, whose, tooth, , booth, smooth, loot, boot, zoom, bloom, gloom, June, spoon, moos, queue, cucumber, Tuesday, due, dew, new, crew, do, coop, , juice, cute, mute, beauty, duty, fruit, hoot, jute, route, root, suit, Jews, doom, shoot, flute, school, student, stupid, tune, , 14
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/e/ - /ಎ/ - red - pen - met, egg, end, echo, enter, engage, engine, energy, elephant, effort, pen, den, fence, hen, men, ten, when, wet, pet, met, , many, set, bet, get, debt, jet, let, net, yet, sell, bell, tell, cell, fell, hell, dell, yell, well, gel, , said, bend, lend, send, mend, blend, went, rent, bent, cent, dent, sent, scent, tent, yen, bread, read (pt), mention, tension, , bury, very, red, bed, dead, fed, lead(n), led, wed, check, neck, peck, leg, beg, peg, keg, shell, help, trend, , friend, pretend, hence, dental, meant, ready, dreamt, better, kettle, metal, petal, settle, shed, never, clever, bread, spread, thread, nectar, , 15
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/ɒ/ - not - hot - thought, not, cot, dot, got, hot, lot, pot, rot, on, onto, lost, cost, of, off, office, God, lock, cock, clock, , block, shock, rock, flock, mock, was, boss, fossil, gossip, toss, dolphin, doctor, hospital, long, song, wrong, strong, cough, offer, , sorrow, context, content, continent, knot, knock, object (n), log, blog, fog, hog, jogging, rod, pod, dog, octopus, ostrich, honest, honour, , borrow, box, fox, font, don, gone, opportunity, opposite, doll, watch, horror, bother, frog, property, cotton, clot, cloth, blot, plot, , slot, botany, donkey, bottom, top, hop, shop, pop, crop, bottle, monk, bomb, bond, follow, fond, font, flop, moth, drop, , 16
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/Ɔ:/ - /ಓ/ - four - door - all, all, ball, call, fall, hall, mall, tall, wall, for, bore, core, snore, door, shore, more, lore, wore, crore, pour, , taugt, caught, brought, bought, fought, sought, thought, short, doughter, lawn, yawn, dawn, fawn, pawn, saw, jaw, caw, paw, law, , raw, poor, your, roar, sore, port, fort, walk, talk, water, drawn, draw, fraud, four, form, horse, course, court, born, , worn, corner, force, corn, hount, source, porch, author, audit, north, sword, your, ought, afford, border, former, cord, autograph, authentic, , autoriksha, core, ford, fork, pork, storm, worm, formation, fourth, gore, gorgeous, horn, shorter, sort, small, lore, floor, forehand, forfinger, , 17
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ತ ೇಗುವ ಧ್ವನಿಯಲ್ಲಿ ಹ ೇಳುವುದು, girl, bird, curd, burn, turn, birth, perch, pearl, purchase, chirp, turban, her, fur, stir, were, Perth, murder, burst, first, , urn, earn, earth, urban, nurse, curse, surgeon, world, third, Thursday, thirteen, learn, heard, search, herd, German, flirt, circus, circle, , germ, dirty, nurture, emerge, Mercury, church, merge, early, hurt, work, word, verb, merchant, urge, shirt, skirt, thirty, virtue, sturdy, , occur, alert, person, permanent, worst, girth, perch, perfect, perfume, herbal, mercy, concern, nerves, worse, worth, journey, hurt, service, term, , return, thirsty, surface, firm, sir, curly, colonel, kernel, hurdle, sermon, stern, thermal, urgent, turkey, turf, turnip, weren't, worship, burden, , 18
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/Ә/ - schwa sound -(1/2 of 'ʌ' sound), ago, about, again, aside, apart, achive, alarm, apply, again, against, amount, ashame, occur, agree, abide, appear, apology, across, , amazing, arrive, aside, allowed, among, alert, advice, affect, affair, advice, adjust, admit, admission, adapt, alike, abuse, according, abroad, , doctor, teacher, engineer, sweater, oven, onion, supply, travel, police, evil, Asia, valour, listen, leopard, button, mutton, little, cattle, , hammer, angel, centre, station, angle, flavour, border, statement, mentor, student, seven, eleven, father, mother, brother, sister, Africa, neighbour, , computer, cooker, plucker, better, tortoise, occasion, useful, cupboard, grenade, camera, cotton, bladder, continent, neither, England, America, admire, grammar, , 19
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CONSONANTS, bag, bad, ban, bar, bat, but, bud, bug, bun, bush, bull, bullock, box, boat, bore, board, bear, bed, bell, , /b/ - /ಬ/ - bag - ball - bat, bill, booth, basic, bale, boost, basket, bail, blue, bath, bite, blew, battle, bit, blow, be, bin, bake, bee, beef, beer, beak, buy, bind, beard, by, back, beat, bye, black, before, bay, block, beg, bray, bring, begin, boil, brought, began, bound, balance, behalf, bench, bank, behave, branch, bang, bend, bunch, ball, bent, banana, barber, beneath, both, bark, best, , better, butter, between, because, Bible, bycycle, bird, blame, blade, blanket, boast, bomb, bone, boot, boss, bowl, boy, brand, bridge, , 20
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CONSONANTS, dad, dog, doll, dull, den, die, dye, door, dear, deer, deal, dish, dam, damage, dance, danger, dare, dark, date, , /d/ - /ಡ/ - dog - doll - doctor, data, dictionary, draft, dawn, diet, duty, daughter, dig, dugout, dead, dinner, doctor, day, dip, domestic, death, dirty, divorce, debt, disc, dismiss, decade, dive, display, difeat, dove, direct, degree, dislike, disappear, delay, district, discuss, demand, divide, detail, dentist, do, diary, deep, does, dairy, deny, don't, diamond, desert, did, degree, design, dollar, delight, desk, doubt, department, develop, double, decorate, , done, darling, dimple, dust, duck, daily, dump, damp, danger, decade, don't, defeat, defend, delicate, deliver, deposit, deaf, dumb, driver, , 21
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CONSONANTS, fox, fun, fix, fine, four, five, for, from, fire, fair, fare, fail, fight, fin, full, fill, forgive, forget, file, , fear, force, fur, figure, feed, few, fog, foe, fry, flow, flew, flu, fee, far, farmer, farm, father, feather, food, , /f/ - /ಫ/ flap, festival, front, font, flat, flee, feet, foot, field, famous, fuel, fall, fell, fast, face, fridge, flame, fly, fetch, , faith, funny, fence, fancy, fruit, frank, first, final, find, found, fifth, fixed, floor, forth, fifty, fault, flesh, float, flower, , flock, flour, faint, fluid, funnel, factory, fossil, finger, formal, famiy, fantastic, fought, foil, fake, fan, feel, felt, female, fever, , 22
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CONSONANTS, go, gun, got, give, gave, gap, game, gain, gas, gate, grave, gorilla, gear, graph, grammar, gravity, gift, girl, gather, , /g/ - /ಗ/ - gun - goat, garden, grind, garage, group, grab, gray, grace, grey, great, glove, grate, goes, gift, greed, grain, global, glow, govern, grow, green, glass, greetings, glad, guaranee, good, guite, God, groom, gold, grocery, guess, guardian, guard, graduate, gum, grace, guy, godess, , - grant, grown, goat, ghost, growth, guest, garbage, goal, glue, glamour, glance, goes, gone, guava, gorgeous, galaxy, gibbon, gown, gulf, goal, , Goa, Gujarath, Greece, song, long, king, begger, graphic, bug, bag, mug, gird, golf, guage, log, dagger, trigger, gills, garland 23
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CONSONANTS, hut, hump, hurry, hug, hill, hell, hip, heap, hire, hit, hair, hare, head, hymn, hot, hop, horror, horrible, here, , /h/ - /ಹ/ - hut - hat - hump, hear, hang, husband, hint, hung, hobby, hunt, harm, hold, haunt, hat, held, hate, harsh, hole, heaven, hatch, holiday, hide, he, holy, hid, her, home, happen, his, hook, hard, him, hopeful, harsh, health, hospital, horse, heard, host, hope, heat, hotel, hike, height, house, honey, hence, how, half, hero, humid, hammer, heroine, huge, hand, high, hug, habit, history, however, , hockey, Hampi, Hassan, hollow, herself, himself, highlight, hoof, hooves, hood, hail, halt, hamlet, handle, happy, hardly, haw, has, had, , 24
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CONSONANTS, jug, jump, join, joint, jaggery, joke, jeer, junction, jungle, June, July, journey, jute, just, junk, junior, Jupiter, jury, justice, , /ʤ/ - /ಜ/ - judge - general, juice, jeep, giant, jumble, jelly, geometry, judo, Jesus, gesture, judgement, jewel, genuine, judge, Jews, gist, jolly, manager, geography, job, dangerous, gel, jigger, giraffe, gem, jiggle, Gujarath, germ, jockey, ginger, gents, jet, village, gym, jail, agency, gypsy, jaguar, jogging, George, jacket, orange, gigantic, January, edge, generous, jazz, Jack, generate, jam, gender, badge, jasmine, general, lodge, jeans, gental, fridge, , soldier, pledge, ridge, luggage, baggage, language, courage, marriage, jovial, joyful, German, Japan, gerund, graduate, gymnastic, plunge, conjunction, garbage, jar, 25
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CONSONANTS, king, kind, kid, kit, kite, kangaroo, keep, kept, keen, kennel, keg, kettle, key, kick, kill, kiss, kin, kitchen, kitten, , /k/ - /ಖ/ -cat - kite - king - candle, kilo, cross, quench, koala, carry, quote, kung-fu, carrot, quotation, crow, cash, clarity, candle, cat, calm, car, can, class, carpenter, cap, cause, come, capture, clean, came, cauliflower, clear, clash, cabbage, climax, create, cow, climb, creature, caw, clock, claim, cave, close, choral, chemistry, cloth, Christmas, queue, clove, cart, questions, club, carve, quarrel, coconut, carpet, quite, cock, crop, quit, cockroach, , coffee, cold, quize, colour, compare, command, combine, comments, commission, company, complete, cucumber, computer, care, comb, cute, cry, chemistry, condition, 26
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CONSONANTS, life, like, live, leaf, leaves, leave, light, lie, lay, love, late, lick, lake, lemon, lime, lent, lend, lead, least, , /l/ - /ಲ/ - lion - leaf - light, lunch, logo, lord, lion, long, loss, last, look, bell, large, loop, bill, ledger, loom, ball, lift, loot, college, limb, lost, call, lose, lorry, fall, loose, luggage, mall, list, lot, tall, litter, level, camel, little, lonely, balloon, living, lovely, salloon, lock, loot, kill, loaf, low, cell, load, lower, shell, loan, lyric, boil, local, lipstick, coil, locket, liquid, soil, , slave, slate, clay, play, woolen, pull, bull, bullock, flower, fell, fall, file, fill, full, fail, listen, jel, Bible, jewl, , 27
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CONSONANTS, me, my, mine, mud, mug, man, mat, mad, map, main, magic, madam, madly, madnet, make, made, major, majesty, male, , /m/ - /ಮ್/ - man - mango - mom, mark, member, manager, mango, mention, minister, mail, mend, mineral, melody, mentally, minute, malt, merchant, minior, monkey, merit, miser, match, method, mist, market, message, mister, machine, middle, mix, marriage, might, mobile, marry, mild, model, mask, milk, modern, mate, miss, modest, meal, mill, moment, meat, million, movement, meet, mind, money, meaning, more, Monday, media, munic, March, medical, mini, monk, , moose, mood, mouse, mice, moral, morning, mother, mountain, motion, move, much, must, muffler, muscle, music, myself, mystery, miracle, migrate, , 28
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CONSONANTS, not, no, knot, know, knew, new, nine, never, night, nil, nurse, nasty, knock, knife, negro, nest, name, napkin, narrow, , /n/ - /ನ್/ - nut - net, nation, knit, native, kneel, naughty, network, neighbour, nerves, nature, news, near, nib, neat, nice, neck, nick name, noun, naked, need, ninth, needle, ninety, negative, nobody, neglect, noise, neigh, nod, Neptune, nonsense, November, nothing, Nehru, north, net, Norway, nut, nose, , - nine, note, notice, now, number, nuclear, nurture, nowhere, noon, noodle, next, banana, cunning, bun, run, son, sun, funny, Sunday, Monday, , mine, on, one, won, win, in, inner, nail, neither, nor, pin, fin, sin, bin, man, ban, ran, fan, plan, , 29
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CONSONANTS, pen, pin, pot, pet, pine, poll, pill, pair, pear, peer, pier, pea, pie, pray, prey, post, pencil, pump, pain, , /p/ - /ಫ/ - pen - point - pot, pole, park, piece, poll, partner, peace, pure, party, pilot, put, past, pink, pull, paste, pipe, push, pat, pity, pack, pass, plan, point, path, plane, page, patch, plain, palm, patient, plastic, pan, pay, play, panel, peel, please, pale, people, plumber, paint, pepper, point, pad, period, police, paper, permit, poor, park, person, pour, parent, picture, pond, part, pick, pool, , port, pose, pound, prayer, prepare, present, pressure, primary, print, prisoo, price, prize, potato, programme, pupil, profit, pretty, pride, practice, , 30
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CONSONANTS, run, ran, rub, rest, right, race, rice, rose, rise, rope, rain, river, rank, range, rash, rapid, ratio, reach, react, , /r/ - /ರ್/ - run - rub, raw, roast, ready, return, real, result, read, round, red, root, rear, route, roar, road, reason, rode, receipt, ride, receive, revision, record, room, relation, roof, relax, rifle, remain, reverse, remark, respect, rent, resign, reply, rely, report, remarkable, request, remember, , - river, refrigerator, reject, reform, reflect, register, boring, orange, rust, recall, arrange, ram, racks, repeat, rooster, rushed, ripe, rhyme, rib, remind, , railway, reaper, appreciate, cry, brother, from, branch, bring, bright, straight, fry, prey, pray, spray, crib, grab, practise, create, creep, 31
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CONSONANTS, so, see, sea, sister, saw, sign, sight, super, smell, house, mouse, say, sad, safe, sale, sail, salad, salt, same, , /s/ - /ಸ್/ - sun - some, sauce, song, science, sir, simple, singer, sample, size, seal, site, seat, skirt, second, stop, secret, sleep, sell, sleeve, cell, skill, sent, cement, send, slip, set, smile, silver, smoke, silence, smell, silk, snow, side, soap, sick, soldier, sing, song, , - so - cell, sun, sorrow, soul, south, sound, speak, speech, square, stamp, centre, cent, miss, seen, scene, cysinder, cyrup, rice, price, twice, , face, grace, trace, mice, kiss, list, lips, kicks, station, police, place, scissors, lights, slice, stone, succesful, soup, sin, sight, , 32
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CONSONANTS, tie, tree, tight, till, toes, tray, trace, top, tip, tart, talk, tall, tail, tale, ten, tin, taught, try, tweet, , /t/ - /ಟ/ - tree - tiger - toes, thought, television, traffic, treat, tell, transfer, time, told, travel, tiles, temple, trap, to, tend, trick, two, tent, trip, tour, turn, tution, toy, turm, turban, too, text, total, train, ticket, temper, tool, tide, motto, tiny, today, clot, tone, toilet, training, table, tomorrow, cat, tap, topic, rat, taste, touch, mat, taxi, total, matter, tear, towel, patern, team, trade, pot, , put, cattle, battle, practice, picked, walked, missed, clapped, baked, plucked, meet, meat, knit, neat, sheet, searched, tag, .true, tooth, , 33
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CONSONANTS, van, vacation, vally, value, valuable, valve, variation, vary, vast, vegetable, vehicle, verb, very, vessel, victim, video, victory, view, village, , /V/ - /ವ್/ - van - love, voilent, viral, vessel, violet, venue, victim, violine, valid, victory, virtue, vapour, villa, virus, viper, visual, vision, vacant, vanity, visible, vulture, vanish, voice, vibration, vigorus, volume, vitamin, vital, vomit, vaccine, voyage, vote, vinegar, Vishnu, visit, vacation, Varahi, visa, value, Venu, vein, vaccum, lived, veil, vapour, given, vowel, varied, gave, vice, variety, give, vine, vase, slave, voucher, velvet, grave, , love, clove, dove, stove, arrive, leave, leaves, November, never, ever, live, over, cover, cave, hive, save, shave, move, groove, , 34
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CONSONANTS, we, who, wag, wax, wit, wet, win, war, was, why, web, wind, weak, week, wick, wall, well, wine, worn, , /w/ - /ವ್/ - watch - weep, wing, wasp, wore, were, womb, wing, wheel, weep, wood, woven, wept, wool, wide, weed, woollen, worst, whip, when, watch, worm, whom, woman, wipe, where, women, wake, why, water, woke, wife, which, wool, wives, witch, warn, word, would, ward, way, world, wolf, west, worth, wolves, wire, waste, wash, want, waist, wave, walk, while, wild, what, worry, wear, with, wound, , wheat, winkle, winter, wealth, wisdom, worship, whisper, warrior, welfare, welcome, website, without, Wilson, Washington, wastage, wallet, wander, wicket, white, 35
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CONSONANTS, yak, yatch, yet, yellow, you, your, yourself, yourselves, yolk, yawn, yummy, yield, year, young, youth, yesterday, yards, yell, yen, , /j/ - /ಯ್/ - yellow - yak yet, yes, few, mule, university, mews, tune, uniform, view, yarn, unity, computer, Yule, unicorn, abuse, you tube, union, beautiful, youthful, use, duty, yoke, usage, new, yoga, menu, during, yeast, mute, huge, unique, student, news, unite, stupid, due, universe, curious, tuition, tuitor, pure, perfume, satuate, cure, impure, pupil, cute, fusion, pupa, Uranus, onion, purely, new, cucumber, purify, dew, confussion, persuit, , curable, occused, dual, duet, due, duplicate, Europe, Eucharist, Urinal, Euro, tuner, Tuesday, January, tube, unusual, used, user, useful, utensils, , 36
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CONSONANTS, zoo, zip, zink, zone, zebra, zeal, Zen, zigzag, zero, zest, zoology, zonal, zoom, Zulu, zygote, zippy, zapper, buzz, zap, , /z/ - /ಜ಼ / - zoo - zone, music, toys, rose, boys, pose, valleys, nose, balls, freez, calls, is, cars, there's, bars, cause, prayers, phrase, videos, rise, prize, roads, bags, browse, friends, pause, noisy, praise, Tuesday, please, Wednesday, advise, Thursday, size, exist, consume, busy, because, lies, , - music, lose, craze, blazer, present, poisen, cheese, desert, fuzzy, magazine, scissors, laser, close, desert, busy, pleased, knees, hose, cookies, sunrise, , tease, lease, exercise, xylophone, xerox, zooming, buzzard, lizard, Brazil, clumsy, easy, season, amazing, bulldozer, horizontal, disaster, musical, visitor, advertise, , 37
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CONSONANTS, show, sugar, sheep, ship, she, sheet, sheer, share, shore, sure, shop, shape, shallow, shade, shadow, shine, shining, shrink, shift, , / / - /ಶ್/ - ship - sugar - machine - chef, shelf, brush, special, shetter, fresh, British, shake, mash, pressure, shall, chevy, mension, should, sheriff, tension, shell, sharpner, English, shut, showcase, ration, shampoo, shoes, ratio, shout, action, wish, shower, cushion, rush, sharp, fashion, flush, chef, passion, crush, short, tissue, wash, shot, ambition, station, shoot, correction, polish, shatter, collection, fish, shy, connection, finish, shovel, emotion, splash, shave, musician, precaution, , machine, meditation, nation, junction, situation, ocean, dish, social, rational, permission, mission, commission, qualification, examinition, deputation, Russia, brochurs, flash, addition, 38
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CONSONANTS, chat, chair, chart, charge, change, chill, chilly, chain, cheer, cheeks, chin, challenge, champion, chariot, chance, chocolate, chunk, chip, cherish, , /t / - /ಚ್/ - church - chair - rich - charade, chant, chapter, merchant, check, chop, beach, cheque, cheetah, reach, cheese, cherry, kitchen, chit, child, bleach, chimney, children, watch, chicks, church, match, choice, leech, patch, cheap, leach, search, cheat, China, butcher, chicken, chief, launch, chutney, chew, lunch, choose, chalk, bunch, chosen, chamber, French, chose, channel, crunch, chirp, charlie, munch, chubby, cherub, pinch, charm, chess, stitch, chase, chest, pitch, , catch, bench, branch, bitch, ditch, each, peach, preach, rich, porch, pouch, March, torch, question, quench, inches, picture, teacher, furniture, , 39
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CONSONANTS, /, , thank, think, thin, thunder, thousand, thirsty, thief, theatre, thigh, thick, three, third, thirty, Thursday, therapy, thumb, thought, threaten, thorn, , / - /ತ್/ - thanks - thinks, throw, myth, breath, threw, teeth, bath, through, lath, tooth, theme, healthy, python, thirteen, lengthy, health, thermometer length, truth, thing, width, wealthy, theorem, widthways, athlete, thief, mouth, birthday, thirty, faith, something, thread, goth, path, threaten, hath, forth, throat, saith, fifth, thump, authentic, sixth, thug, authoress, seventh, throne, authority, cloth, throng, ninth, moth, thump, eleventh, math, thrill, twelfth, beneath, , months, booth, both, tenth, earth, mouth, youth, south, north, strength, oath, eighth, author, ethics, nothing, sympathy, authority, South Africa, South America, , 40
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CONSONANTS, the, then, than, they, them, there, their, those, these, thy, though, that, this, thee, therefore, thereafter, there's, theirs, thereof, , /, thine, thus, , / - /ದ್/ - than - then - there, heather, father, sheathe, mother, strengthen, leather, nother, feather, soothe, bother, logarithm, together, smooth, with, without, worthy, neither, either, another, brother, clothes, breathe, bathing, clothing, other, , another, soothing, smoothest, lathe, although, rhythm, slither, southern, withdraw, teething, fatherly, motherly, lathe, rather, weather, whether, further, wither, regather, , 41
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CONSONANTS, /, / - / ing/(nasal) - king, ink, bunk, pink, chunk, drink, trunk, sink, drunk, blink, shrunk, link, kink, wink, blank, bank, thank, rank, slink, sank, wrinkles, tank, honk, frank, konkani, hanky, overdrunk, monkey, flunk, donkey, stink, think, monk, drunkard, junkfood, shrink, synchronize, sunk, zink, , - ink (when 'n' followed by 'g' or, along, morning, spring, evening, string, falling, bang, calling, lungs, selling, clings, blinking, loving, long, firing, among, sang, nothing, fixing, something, walking, cunning, prolong, braining, roaring, hung, smelling, along, tuning, strong, airlng, thing, sealing, following, roofing, doing, linguistic, using, , 'k' sound, , king, sing, ring, bingo, ring, song, wing, sung, rang, rung, wrong, angry, singer, finger, bring, sting, going, boring, hang, , 42
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CONSONANTS, Asia, pleasure, treasure, leisure, usual, division, vision, television, confusion, fusion, exposure, closure, casual, garage, beige, occasion, individual, visual, usually, , / / - pleasure - leisure - treasure, decision, revision, provision, disclosure, exposure, enclosure, measure, anaesthesia, amnesia, luxurious, seizure, collage, mirage, rouge, collision, exclusion, inclusion, explosion, illusion, invasion, persuasion, lesion, , 43
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/ei/ - /ಏ/ - make – fail - say, eight, age, aim, apex, ape, Asia, April, angel, main, rain, pain, gain, vein, veil, sale, pale, sail, bale, bail, , male, mail, hale, hail, fail, gale, nail, tail, tale, day, bay, say, hay, lay, pay, ray, way, wait, late, , gate, hate, mate, fate, rate, state, straight, weight, trailor, plane, lane, mane, train, claim, blame, shame, same, sage, cage, , image, table, cable, stable, fable, lable, date, crane, insane, change, strange, range, proclain, grain, grapes, grade, made, make, cake, , sake, take, lake, nake, shake, snake, explain, save, cave, wave, lame, tame, frame, page, grapes, tape, cape, shape, neigh, , 51
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/aI/ - /ಐ/ - fine - might - file, I'm, I've, eye, buy, by, bye, tie, lie, shy, try, my, mine, fine, shine, line, nine, pine, wine, devine, , sky, high, sigh, die, dye, fly, guy, light, night, tight, right, fight, bite, might, height, kite, sight, site, white, , pie, file, mile, smile, nyle, pile, tiles, time, mime, crime, lime, rhyme, style, tiny, apply, idea, cry, fry, dive, , hive, spinal, life, live(a), like, bike, mike, strike, hike, hide, abide, died, guide, ride, tide, wide, polite, wife, knife, , blind, grind, bind, find, kind, mind, wind(v), fire, tyre, hire, wire, violet, violin, Ireland, size, final, supply, ideal, idle, , 52
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/au/ /ಔ/ - proud – out - cow, out, our, hour, owl, towel, vowel, now, how, bow(v), bough, ouch, sprout, house, mouse, spouse, couch, town, down, gown, , sound, round, wound (v), bound, found, ground, pound, about, aloud, allowed, trousers, doubt, shout, crowd, loud, proud, flower, shower, tower, , power, cover, count, cow, plough, flour, fowl, howl, cloud, fountain, mountain, brown, crown, mound, powder, thousand, spout, shout, compound, , discount, countable, counter, amount, blouse, foul, voucher, paramount, pounce, surmount, announce, pronounce, account, bounce, lounge, hound, mound, crouch, browse, , anyhow, dowry, drowsy, cloudy, drown, prowl, scowl, howard, coward, clown, endow, prow, renown, brow, rowel, sow(pig), vow, trowel, how, , 53
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/ӘU/ - old - show - comb, over, only, open, old, oak, oat, own, obesity, gold, cold, fold, hold, role, sole, goal, hole, whole, pole, roll, , soul, told, comb, both, bown, shone, photo, joke, soak, oath, show, slow, flow, blow, grow, glow, bow (n), low, row, , go, so, ghost, rose, nose, pose, dose, hotel, window, goat, coat, boat, motto, moan, bone, cone, loan, alone, tone, , crow, snow, toes, slope, obey, soap, rope, hope, pope, sow, croak, stroke, folk, poke, token, woke, host, broke, eye brow, , zone, no, know, post, coastal, roast, note, wrote, coconut, mango, loaf, phone, grown, vote, growth, tomato, potato, yolk, throw, , 54
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/iӘ/ - /ಇಅ/ - year - ear, ear, hear, near, fear, gear, dear, jeer, mere, pier, rear, tear, year, sneer, sphere, shear, idea, , disappear, real, beard, peer, weerd, theatre, appear, sincere, career, volunteer, spear, queer, sheer, smear, clear, reindeer, , deer, arrears, seer, leer, interfere, beer, were, atmosphere, severe, revere, period, cheer, steer, here, engineer, seer, , 55
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/eӘ/ - /ಏ/ - care - share – hare (ʼr ʼ ಸ, air, hair, hare, care, bear, bare, dare, fair, fare, mare, pear, pair, rare, share, tear(v), wear, stairs, stare, chair, , spare, swear, prayer, there, their, snare, square, blare, glare, flare, clare, where, declare, compare, wefare, scare, prepare, nightmare, medicare, , ೌಂಡ್ ನೌಂದ ಕೆೊನೆಕೆೊಳ್ಳುವ ಪದಗಳಿಗೆ), , hardware, software, beware, awareness, hectare, threadbare, flair, flare, affair, lair, repair, impair, unfair, mohair, upstairs, downstairs, despair, debonair, somewhere, , anywhere, mayor, , 56
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/ɒi/ - oil - boil, oil, boil, coil, foil, toil, soil, spoil, boy, toy, joy, voice, noise, destroy, enjoy, annoy, coin, poison, choice, avoid, , ointment, point, join, joint, moisture, coir, choir, appoint, employ, rejoice, loyal, oyster, toilet, soy, foyer, voyage, hoist, boiler, coinage, , moist, royal, , 57
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The words end with /k/ /p/ /f/ /ch/ /sh/ /s/ sounds the 'ed' form in the end, takes /t/ sound. The root word ends with /t/ - /tid/ (ted) /d/ - /did/ (ded), walked, looked, ticked, picked, talked, blinked, cooked, marked, barked, plucked, clicked, locked, , slapped, clapped, trapped, equipped, kidnapped, stopped, skipped, hoped, escaped, chirped, typed, tapped, , rushed, pushed, crushed, mashed, cherished, brushed, flushed, refreshed, punished, astonished, washed, wished, , missed, hissed, kissed, mixed, fixed, relaxed, traced, blessed, tossed, practised, faced, forced, , watched, reached, searched, sketched, stretched, clutched, matched, scratched, touched, attached, patched, stitched, , linked, leaked, asked, , raped, helped, stamped, developed, peeped, chopped, , vanished, published, finished, polished, gushed, nourished, , danced, used, pressed, passed, expressed, placed, , launched, detached, preached, , laughed, coughed, puffed, stuffed, snuffed, , presented, wanted, granted, painted, haunted, separated, waited, voted, commented, posted, pasted, tested, , decided, added, divided, ended, pretended, shaded, flooded, bonded, commanded, awarded, scolded, folded, , listed, grunted, participated, talented, celebrated, completed, chanted, , surrounded, blended, bounded, nodded, guided, landed, 59, needed
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Sounds used in plural forms, If the root word ends with voiceless consonants it takes /s/ sound, , packs, , helps, , caps, , tricks, , paints, , tickets, , makes, , pockets, , seats, , shops, , chips, , shirts, , chocolates, , cocks, , cups, crickets, (insect), , ships, 60
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If the root word ends with voiced consonants it takes /z/ sound, , bags, , boys, , girls, , toys, , cars, , ends, , toes, , boards, , companies, , cows, , does, , these, , three's, , pairs, , lemons, , claws, , gloves, , calves, , wives, 61
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If the root word ends with /s/ /z/ /ʃ/ /tʃ/ /ʤ/ it takes /Iz/ sound, , roses, , benches, , rashes, , classes, , buses, , branches, , flashes, , judges, , bushes, , churches, , badges, , uses, , passes, , blouses, , phrases, , curses, , masses, , dances, , places, , glasses, , chances, , beaches, , choices, , houses, , prizes, , bridges, , fridges, , boxes, , sentences, , sandwiches, , witches, , watches, , matches, , glasses, , traces, , clashes, 62
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HOMOPHONES (same sound), 1, 2, , 3, 4, 5, 6, 7, 8, 9, , 10, , son, sun, tale, tail, male, mail, dear, deer, hear, here, see, sea, blue, blew, hair, hare, heard, herd, role, roll, , /sʌn/, /teil/, , /meil/, /dIӘr/, /hiӘr/, /sI:/, /blu:/, /heӘr/, /hЗ:rd/, , /rӘUl/, , Ramappa's son is lazy, The sun is in the sky, My grandmother tells old tale, A monkey has a long tail, Is that dog male or female?, I got mail from my boss, My dear friend is madhu, The deer lives in the forest, We hear with our ears, Come here and sit, We see with our eyes, The ships sail on the sea, I like blue colour, I blew the birthday candles yesterday, She has long hair, The hare and the tortoise started to run, I heard the dog's barking, I like a herd of cattle, Smitha has a main role in the drama, The stones roll down the hill, , 63
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HOMOPHONES (same sound), 11, 12, 13, 14, , 15, 16, 17, 18, 19, 20, , not, knot, buy, by, bye, cell, sell, new, knew, bail, bale, hour, our, seen, scene, pair, pear, sail, sale, bee, be, , /nϙt/, /bai/, /sel/, , /beil/, /aur/, /sl:n/, /peӘr/, /seil/, /bi:/, , Do not disturb the patient, My mother tied a knot by the ribbon, I want to buy mangoes, What's the time by your watch?, He said 'Good bye' to all, My father put the new cell to watch last week, The farmers sell their products, I have new a car, I knew that you didn't have money to buy a car, He was released on bail, She cuts the straws and make a bale, She'll be there within half an hour, This is our school, We've seen that incident, That scene is very beautiful, I have a pair of shoes, I like to eat pear, The ships sail on the seas, I always go to whole sale shop, The bee buzzes all around, I'll be there at 5 p.m., , 64
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HOMOPHONES (same sound), 21, , 22, 23, 24, 25, 26, , 27, 28, , 29, 30, , some, sum, wear, where, hole, whole, know, no, plain, plane, fair, fare, night, knight, grate, great, none, nun, threw, through, , /sʌm/, , /weӘr/, /hӘul/, /nӘu/, /plein/, /feӘr/, , /nait/, /greit/, , /nʌn/, /Ѳru:/, , I have some old coins, The sum of 2 and 3 is 5, I wear clean cloths after my bath, Where is your book?, There's a big hole in the wall, I want whole chapati, I know that you don't have a pen, There is no money in my bag, My teacher wears always plain sarees, She travels on the plane to abroad, She is very fair, The bus fare is Rs.100 to go Sagar, The stars twinkle in the night, The knight fought for his lord, I grate the cheese for pizza, Gandhiji was a great leader, None of them were thieves, A nun lives in the convent, The boy threw the ball, The soldiers are marching through the field, , 65
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31, 32, , 33, 34, 35, 36, 37, 38, 39, 40, , scent, cent, brake, break, root, route, rows, rose, made, maid, principle, principal, rode, road, pray, prey, which, witch, poor, pour, , HOMOPHONES (same sound), /sent/, /breik/, , /ru:t/, /rauz/, /meid/, , The fragrance of this scent is good, A small unit of money used in Canada is cent, Keerthana puts a sudden brake while riding bicycle, we'll meet you after the break. They break the rules, Radish is a root that we use for eating, Everyday I go to school by this route, There are 4 rows of plants, I like red rose, That is home made product, The maid does her work neatly, , /prinsipӘl/ Mr. Ramappa has his own principle, Our college principal is Mr. Sudha, I rode on horse when I visited Ooty last year, /rӘud/, B.H. Road is national highway road, Every morning I pray to God, /prei/, The eagle circles above for its prey, Which is your taluk ?, /witʃ/, She was the good witch, Ranganna is a poor man, r, Ɔ, /p : /, They pour water to the glass, , 66
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HOMOPHONES (same sound), 41, 42, , 43, 44, 45, 46, 47, 48, 49, , stairs, stares, profit, prophet, piece, peace, die, dye, site, sight, right, write, flu, flew, their, there, nose, knows, , /steӘrz/, /prϙfit/, , /pi:s/, /dai/, /sait/, /rait/, /flu:/, /reir/, /nӘuz/, , Manu climbed the stairs, Manu stares at me, I sold my site for good profit, Muhammad was a prophet who founded Islam, I have a piece of cake, There should be peace between the countries, He is ready to die for his nation, She uses hair dye for her hair, I'm looking for a site, The sight of the nature is wonderful, Your answer is right, I write a letter, The flu attacks the lungs and throat, The birds flew away, These are their books, The books are there on the table, Raman has a big nose, Raman knows about his nose, , 67
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HOMOPHONES (same sound), 49, 50, 51, , 52, 53, 54, 55, 56, , nose, knows, one, won, week, weak, main, mane, desert, dessert, meat, meet, bear, bare, ate, eight, , Raman has a big nose, Raman knows about his nose, I have one nose, We won the game, There are 7 days in a week, She is very weak, This is the main theme of the story, The lion has mane around its neck, Soldiers desert the war field, I will make a dessert, I eat meat, He will meet tomorrow, The bear lives in the forest, In winter the trees become bare, They ate lot of food, I eat eight Idlies, , 68
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HOMOGRAPHS (same letters), 1, , tear, , 2, , wound, , 3, , wind, , 4, , desert, , 5, , live, , 6, , minute, , 7, , content, , 8, , present, , 9, , conduct, , 10, , object, , 11, , bow, , /tiӘr/, /teӘr/, /wu:nd/, /waund/, /wind/, /waind/, /dezӘrt/, /dizӘЗ:rt/, /liv/, /laiv/, /minӘt/, mainju:t/, /kϙntӘnt/, /kӘn'tent/, /prezѲnt/, /pri'zent/, /kondʌkt/, /kӘn'dʌkt/, /ϙbjekt/, /ӘbdeЗkt/, /bӘu/, /bau/, , There's a tear in the eyes, The children tear the paper, There's a wound in my hand, Yesterday's programme was wound up by vote of thanks, The wind is blowing, wind up this programme at 12.00 pm, Sahara is the largest desert in the world, We don't anything from the deserted land, I live in Shivamogga, I watch a live telecast of Dasara celebration, I'll be back in a few minutes, He considered the minute things of the project, The content of this book is good, I'm contented by this activity, I got a costly present from my parents, This programme is presented by our school, I went to school to bring my conduct certificate, Our teachers conduct competitions for school day, We can see the objects, I object your honour, Mother ties a bow from the ribbon, The people bow to the Swamiji, , 69
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HOMONYMS (same letters and same pronunciation), 1, , bat, , /bᴂt/, , 2, , watch, , /wϙtʃ/, , 3, , park, , /pa:rk/, , 4, , water, , /wƆ:tӘr/, , 5, , well, , /wel/, , 6, , date, , /deit/, , 7, , drop, , /drϙp/, , 8, , bank, , /bᴂŋk/, , 9, , right, , /rait/, , 10, , left, , /left/, , 11, , tie, , /tai/, , The flying mammal is bat, I use bat to play cricket, He wears costly wrist watch, I watch movies on Sunday, There's a beautiful park in front of my house, They park their vehicles slowly, I drink water after meal, Everyday I water the plants, I'm very well, He fell down in the well, What is the date today?, I eat date fruit everyday, Can you drop me near the mall, The water drops shines like a crystal, We deposit money in the bank, I enjoyed a lot on the bank of river, Your answer is right, Take a right turn, The lioness left her cubs in the forest, Take a left turn, I tie a belt for my dress, I tie a tie for my uniform, , 70
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HOMONYMS (same letters and same pronunciation), 12, , nail, , /neil/, , 13, , sink, , /siŋk/, , 14, , can, , /kᴂn/, , 15, , ruler, , /ru:lӘr/, , 16, , letter, , /letӘr/, , 17, , ring, , /riŋ/, , 18, , fair, , /feӘr/, , 19, , quarter, , /kwa:rtӘr/, , 20, , saw, , /sƆ:/, , 21, , novel, , /novӘl/, , 22, , bear, , /beӘr/, , Hammer a nail into the wall, The lid of the coffin had been nailed down, The ships sink in the sea, We have a sink in a kitchen to wash hands, I can ride a bicycle, Don't keep a petrol can in houses, The country was without a ruler after the queen died, Draw a straight line by using the ruler, B' is the 2nd letter of English alphabet, I've written a letter to my parents, The students ring the bell., Give me a ring when you leave. I wear a golden ring always, She is fair and beautiful, Today I'm going to fair, I used a quarter to buy a book, One quarter of the pizza was eaten by me, I saw the lion in the Zoo, The carpenter cuts wood with the help of saw, What a novel idea!, I read Kuvempu's novel, The bear lives in the forest, It's difficult to bear the head pain, , 71
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Silent letter, b, bomb, climb, comb, crumb, debt, dumb, lamb, limb, plumber, thumb, tomb, womb, , k, knock, knew, know, knob, knot, knife, kneel, knead, knuckle, knickers, , s, island, isle, aisle, , l, almond, balm, palm, calf, half, chalk, walk, talk, folk, could, should, would, yolk, , n, autumn, hymn, column, solemn, , h, honest, honourable, honour, hour, heir, , t, castle, apostle, often, rustle, soften, nestle, whistle, listen, wrestle, fasten, hasten, bristle, tsunami, Christmas, ballet, , d, Wednesday, sandwich, handkerchief, handsome, bridge, lodge, judge, fridge, budget, badge, pledge, hedge, grudge, , g, align, assignment, campaign, consign, foreign, reign, sign, resign, design, benign, feign, p, psychology, psychic, receipt, pseudo, , w, answer, write, whole, wrapper, wreck, wriggle, wretched, wrong, wrinkle, worst, wrench, wrestle, wreath, wrath, sword, , 72
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prifix (strting of the word), behave, , connect, , lead, , mis, , qualify, , deed, , like, , guide, , appear, , spell, fire, , conduct, , dis, , agree, honest, advantage
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prifix (strting of the word), pure, , sea, , patience, , im, , age, , balance, , water, , possible, , ground, , polite, perfect, , mortal, , under, , go, weight, constructiont
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Suffix (end of the word), thought, , ful, , comfort, , colour, , count, , hope, , love, , tear, , achive, , beauty, care, , spoon, , able, , sustain, mark, value
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Suffix (end of the word), thought, , ful, , comfort, , colour, , count, , hope, , love, , tear, , achive, , beauty, care, , spoon, , able, , sustain, mark, value
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Silent Letters, Scent, , Science, , Psychology, Pseudo, , Descent, , P, , C, , cupboard, , Scissors, Receipt, Pneumonia, , Muscle
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Silent Letters, Talk, , Almond, , Hour, Honest, Walk, , H, , L, , Rhythm, , Half, What, White, , Could
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Silent Letters, Campaign, , Bridge, , Sign, , Edge, Design, , D, , G, , Handsome, , Resign, Sandwich, Wednesday, , Foreign
