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The 12 Principles of, , * GREEN CHEMISTRY ®, , Green chemistry is an approach to chemistry that aims to maximize efficiency and minimize hazardous effects on human, health and the environment. While no reaction can be perfectly ‘green’, the overall negative impact of chemistry research, and the chemical industry can be reduced by implementing the 12 Principles of Green Chemistry wherever possible., , , , 1. WASTE PREVENTION, , Prioritize the prevention of waste,, rather than cleaning up and treating, waste after it has been created., Plan ahead to minimize waste at, every step., , 2. ATOM ECONOMY, , Reduce waste at the molecular, level by maximizing the number of, atoms from all reagents that are, incorporated into the final product., Use atom economy to evaluate, reaction efficiency., , 3. LESS HAZARDOUS CHEMICAL SYNTHESIS, , Design chemical reactions and, , synthetic routes to be as safe as, possible. Consider the hazards of, all substances handled during the, , reaction, including waste., , 7. USE OF RENEWABLE FEEDSTOCKS, , Use chemicals which are made from, renewable (i.e. plant-based) sources,, rather than other, equivalent, ‘chemicals originating from, petrochemical sources., , 8. REDUCE DERIVATIVES, , Minimize the use of temporary, derivatives such as protectin:, groups. Avoid derivatives to reduce, Teaction steps, resources required,, and waste created., , 9. CATALYSIS, , Use catalytic instead of, stoichiometric reagents in reactions., Choose catalysts to help increase, selectivity, minimize waste, and, , reduce reaction times and energy, ‘demands., , , , 4. DESIGNING SAFER CHEMICALS, , Minimize toxicity directly by, molecular design. Predict, and evaluate aspects such as, physical properties, toxicity, and, environmental fate throughout the, design process., , 10. DESIGN FOR DEGRADATION, , Design chemicals that degrade and, can be discarded easily. Ensure, ‘that both chemicals and their, degradation products are not toxic,, bioaccumulative, or environmentally, persistent., , , , 5. SAFER SOLVENTS & AUXILIARIES, , Choose the safest solvent available, for any given step. Minimize the, total amount of solvents and, auxiliary substances used, as these, make up a large percentage of the, total waste created., , 6. DESIGN FOR ENERGY EFFICIENCY, , Ghoose the least energy-intensive, , chemical route. Avoid heating and, , cooling, as well as pressurized and, vacuum conditions (i. ambient, , temperature & pressure are optimal)., , Gun we © COMPOUND INTEREST 2015; WWW.COMPOUNDCHEM.COM, (Chprig shared under a CC Attribution-NonCommercial-NoDerivatives licence., , 11. REAL-TIME POLLUTION PREVENTION, , Monitor chemical reactions in, real-time as they occur to prevent, the formation and release of any, potentially hazardous and polluting, substances., , 12. SAFER CHEMISTRY FOR ACCIDENT PREVENTION, , Choose and develop chemical, procedures that are safer and, inherently minimize the risk of, accidents. Know the possible risks, and assess them beforehand., , WY ONC ND