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LIFE WITHIN THE SEED, , Chapter 4, , Life within the Seed, Germination: The development of a plant from seed., , • Requirements for the Germination of Seeds., Experiment 1, Is soil required for the germination of seeds?, Aim, To find out, whether soil is required for the germination of seeds., Materials Required:, Disposable glass, pea seeds, cotton, water, Procedure, •, •, •, •, , Put small holes at the bottom of the disposable glass., Take some cotton in the glass and put four or five pea seeds., Pour some water in the cotton., Keep the glass open in sunlight., , Observation:, Pea seeds are sprouted within three or four days., Inference:, Soil is not essential for the germination of seeds., , Experiment 2, Is water required for the germination of seeds?, Aim, To find out, whether water is required for the germination of seeds., Materials Required:, Disposable glass, pea seeds, soil., Procedure: Fill a disposable glass with completely dry soil. Put four or five pea, seeds in it. The seeds should get normal air, light and atmospheric temperature., Soil should not contain any trace of water., JREMHSS THODUPUZHA, , 1

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LIFE WITHIN THE SEED, , Observation:, Pea seeds are not sprouted., Inference:, Water is essential for the germination of water., , Experiment 3, Is sunlight necessary for the germination of seeds?, Aim:, To find out, whether sunlight is necessary for the germination of seeds., Materials required:, Disposable glass, soil, pea seeds, water, cardboard box, cellotape., Procedure:, Put some soil in a disposable glass having holes at its base. After putting some, pea seeds, pour some water. Place the glass in a cardboard box and cover it in, such a way that sunlight never enters it. Observe after three or four days., Observation:, Pea seeds are sprouted., Inference:, Sunlight is not essential for the germination of seeds., , For seeds to germinate, Air, water and favourable temperature are essential for the germination of seeds., Sunlight and soil are required for growth after sprouting., , Factors required for the sprouting, of seeds, • Air, • Water, • Favourable temperature, , Factors not required for the, sprouting of seeds, • Soil, • Sunlight, • Manure, , JREMHSS THODUPUZHA, , 2

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LIFE WITHIN THE SEED, , Germination, Germination is the process of the embryo inside the seed growing into a, seedling under favourable circumstances., , Various Steps in the Germination of Pea Seed, , • Water enters the seed through the minute pores in the seed. The seed soaks, and the outer coat breaks. The embryo inside the seed also respires., • During germination, radicle is the first to come out. Radicle grows into the, soil and forms root., • The plumule is the portion that grows upwards from the embryo. The, plumule grows into stem., • The germinating seed uses the food of the cotyledon until the leaves grow, enough to synthesise food., , JREMHSS THODUPUZHA, , 3

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LIFE WITHIN THE SEED, , Classify the different plants seen around you on the basis of mode of, formation of plantlets., , Vegetative propagation, Vegetative propagation is the formation of new plants from vegetative parts of, plants like root, stem and leaf., , Dispersal of seeds, If all the seeds of a plant germinate at the base of the plant itself, they may, not get sufficient soil, water, sunlight or mineral salts for their growth. Hence, seeds are to be dispersed to different places. This enables a plant to reach and, grow in different places. The presence of different plants at one place is also due, to seed dispersal., , What are the different modes of seed dispersal?, • Through water and wind, • By birds and animals, • By bursting, , JREMHSS THODUPUZHA, , 4

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LIFE WITHIN THE SEED, , What are the seed dispersal techniques of some seeds?, •, •, •, •, , Attractive fleshy part, Hooks to stick on bodies of animals, Gum, Pointed tips, , What are the peculiarities (adaptations) of seeds that are dispersed through, wind?, Seeds are lighter. They have a part that helps them to fly., What are the peculiarities (adaptations) of seeds that are dispersed through, water?, They can float on water, They don’t decay even when they are in water for a few days., What are the peculiarities (adaptations) of seeds that are dispersed through, bursting?, Have pods that explode when ripe., There are plants around us which disperse their seeds in different ways., Classify them on the basis of the mode of dispersal of their seeds and tabulate, them in the science diary. Find and add more examples to each category., , JREMHSS THODUPUZHA, , 5

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LIFE WITHIN THE SEED, , Guests from across the sea, , Benefits of having vegetable garden, •, •, •, •, , Dishes with better vegetables., Knowledge about different stages of vegetable cultivation., Pesticide-free vegetables., Employment opportunities and financial gains., , Factors to be taken care of while making a vegetable garden, •, •, •, •, •, , Seeds should be of high quality., Soil should be fertile and should have good drainage., Sunlight should be adequate., Sufficient water should be made available., Proper manuring, pest control, weed control etc. should be taken care of., , JREMHSS THODUPUZHA, , 6