Recommended Content

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from, , Plinth, to, , Paramount, Indispensable forAll Competitive Exams, , By, , Neetu Singh, (Director), Paramount Coaching Centre Pvt. Ltd., Delhi, , Published by:, , Paramount Reader Publication, 704, 1st floor, Dr. Mukherjee Nagar, Delhi-110009

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First Edition – May 2012, Second Edition –February, 2013, , Price: ` 300 /-, , • All rights reserved. No part of this publication may be reproduced, stored in a retrieval system or transmitted, in, any form or by any means-electronic, mechanical, photocopying, recording or otherwise, without the prior, permission of the author and the publishers., • The publishers have taken utmost precaution in publishing the book, yet if any mistake has inadvertently crept in,, the publishers shall not be responsible for the same.

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Dedicated to my beloved son, whose time I stole to write this one

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PREFACE, To the First Edition, , This book ‘ English for General Competitions- from Plinth to, Paramount’ is my gift to the aspirants of competitive exams who, will surely be benefited by the approach of this book alongwith, the numerous questions given at the end of every chapter carefully, picked from different question papers of various competitive, exams. The solution of every question has detailed explanation, for easy understanding . All the latest questions especially of, Passive Voice and Narration have been incorporated to help the, students know the lattest pattern of the questions being asked in, different competitive exams. In nutshell, I would like to say that, this book is an attempt to fill the void that aspirants of Hindi, Medium felt when it came to preparing English for Competitive, Exams., I earnestly thank the students of Paramount Coaching Centre Pvt., Ltd. who helped me detect all the typographical and other mistakes,, that might have crept inadvertently, had they not detected them, with their keen sight., Our students’ constructive feedback and suggestions are most, welcome which have always remained and will remain our guiding, light . I will be highly obliged if you message/mail me your feedback, or suggestion on 8860330003 or on paramount.no1@gmail.com., Neetu Singh, May 31, 2012

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Contents, 1., , VERB (BASIC) ................................................................................................................................. 01 – 24, , 2., , TENSE ............................................................................................................................................... 25 – 40, , 3., , PASSIVE VOICE ............................................................................................................................. 41 – 75, , 4., , NARRATION .................................................................................................................................. 76 – 109, , 5., , QUESTION TAG ............................................................................................................................ 110 – 112, , 6., , SUBJECT VERB AGREEMENT .................................................................................................... 113 – 126, , 7., , CONDITIONAL SENTENCE ....................................................................................................... 127 – 133, , 8., , VERB (ADVANCE) ......................................................................................................................... 134 – 148, , 9., , NOUN ............................................................................................................................................... 149 – 165, , 10., , PRONOUN ....................................................................................................................................... 166 – 185, , 11., , ADJECTIVE ..................................................................................................................................... 186 – 201, , 12., , CONJUNCTION ............................................................................................................................. 202 – 215, , 13., , ARTICLE ........................................................................................................................................... 216 – 230, , 14., , PREPOSITION ................................................................................................................................ 231 – 269, , 15., , ADVERB ........................................................................................................................................... 270 – 283, , 16., , WORDS OFTEN CONFUSED & MISUSED .............................................................................. 284 – 294, , 17., , VOCABULARIES ............................................................................................................................ 295 – 318, , 18., , SYNONYMS (PRACTICE SET) .................................................................................................... 319 – 328, , 19., , ANTONYMS (PRACTICE SET) .................................................................................................... 329 – 338, , 20., , ONE WORD SUBSTITUTION ..................................................................................................... 339 – 356, , 21., , ONE WORD SUBSTITUTION (PRACTICE SET) ..................................................................... 357 – 366, , 22., , IDIOMS & PHRASES- 1 ................................................................................................................ 367 – 380, , 23., , IDIOMS & PHRASES- 2 ................................................................................................................ 381 – 396, , 24., , IDIOMS & PHRASES (PRACTICE SET) .................................................................................... 397 – 416, , bl fdrkc esa iz;qDrabbreviations, S/ Sub  Subject, O/Obj  Object, V  Verb, S.V  Singular Verb, P.V  Plural Verb, N  Noun, S.N  Singular Noun, P.N  Plural Noun, , P  Pronoun, S.P  Singular Pronoun, P.P  Plural Pronoun, Adj.  Adjective, Adv.  Adverb, Prep  Preposition, H.V  Helping Verb, M.V  Main Verb, , V1  First Form of Verb, V2  Second Form of Verb, V3  Third Form of Verb, Aux. Verb  Auxilliary Verb, U.N  Uncountable Noun, S.C.N.  Singular Countable Noun, P.C.N.  Plural Countable Noun

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Verb (Basic), , sleeping late at night., am , 1. I , used, to, ,  , H.V ., , Adjective, , Gerund, , need, I , , ,  you., , 2. (a), , M.V., , need, You , , ,  not, , (b), , H.V., , come, , , tomorrow., , Direct infinitive, , She does not , dare, come, ,  home late., , ,  to, , 3. (a), , M.V., , I, dare, , ,  not, , (b), , Infinitive, , enter, , , H.V., , his room without permission., , Direct infinitive, , AUXILIARY VERBS, Rule (1): Modal Auxiliary Verbs, Verbs, , Main Verbs, , Helping, , I can,  lift,  this box, H.V., , M.V, , He should,  hard.,  work, H.V., , M.V, , Rule (2): Modal Auxiliary verbs, Numbers, persons, (form), , V1, V2, V3, ing-form, Subjects, , s/es-form, , She can help,  you., V1, , You should understand, ,  you friends., V1, , Rule (3): Ought, , Used, , Infinitive ‘to + V1’, , We ought to respect our parents., , to + V1, , He used to, come, ,  late., to + V1, , USE OF MODAL AUXILIARY VERBS, CAN, , COULD, , Rule (1): Can, , power, , Could, , ability, , capacity, Past ability/ power/ capacity, , 1. He can lift the box., 2. I could not come yesterday., Rule (2): Can, permission, 1. You can go now., 2, , English – from Plinth to Paramount

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Verb (Basic), , Rule (3): Can, , theoretical possibility, , Everyone can make a mistake., Rule (4): Could, , remote possibility, , There could be a bomb under your seat., Rule (5): Can, , Could, , 1. Can I take your scooter?, 2. Could I talk to Mr. Shukla?, Note: 'able to', 'can/could', I cannot be able to come tomorrow. (×), superfluous, what is needed'., formation, I cannot come tomorrow. (), I will not be able to come tomorrow. (), , 'superfluous', , 'more than, , MAY, MIGHT ,oa MUST, Rule (1): May, It may rain tonight., Rule (2): May, , optative sentence, , May you live long !, Rule (3):, Principal clause Present Tense, in order that, purpose, may, , subordinate clause that/so that/, subordinate clause, , We eat so that we may live., Rule (4): Might, may, , less possibility, more possibility, , He might pass the exam but seeing his intelligence, I do not have much hope., Rule (5):, , Must, , He stays in five-star hotels and travels by flight. He must be very rich., Rule (6): 'May', May I come in sir?, May, Might, 'Possibly', 'likely', We may possibly come tomorrow. (×) (Superfluous), We may come tomorrow. (), We will possibly come tomorrow. (), English – from Plinth to Paramount, , 3

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Verb (Basic), , SHALL ,oa WILL, Rule (1): Shall, , first person, Subjects I/We, subjects, 'will', , future, , I shall go to college tomorrow and he will come with me., , , , Modern English, 'I', interrogative sentence, , 'we', 'I', , 'will', 'we', , 'shall', , Will I go? (×), Shall I go? (), Shall, , second person, , she, it, they,, determination, , Subject – you, , command, compulsion, will, , third person, promise, Advice, I, We, , (a) Command, You shall leave the room at once., (b) Promise, You shall be awarded., I will help you come what may., (c) Threat, Trespassers shall be prosecuted., I will punish you., (d) Determination, I will work hard and score good marks., (e) Compulsion, You shall be here for the meeting., I will have to finish this work., Rule (2): Let us/ let’s, Imperative sentences, , Subjects – He,, threat, , question tags, , 'shall', , Let us dance together, shall we ?, Rule (3): Shall, first person, , suggestions, subjects, , Interrogative sentence, , Shall we talk to the management?, 'Shall', 1., , 'will', past, , He hoped that he will would pass the test., past, , 'Will/ shall', 'will/shall', , 4, , 'would/ should', Modal, , verb, , English – from Plinth to Paramount

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Verb (Basic), , He said that he is was coming., 2., Simple Present Tense, Translation, , simple future tense, simple future, , English, , If I will come, I will meet you. (×), If I come, I will meet you. (), , , , simple future tense, , simple, , present tense, If, as soon as, in case, provided, unless, until, before, after, when. (Conditional, Sentence Chapter, , WOULD, Rule (1): Would, , Past habit, , I would go to school by bus., Rule (2): 'Would', , 'preference', , 'choice', 'rather', , He would rather die than beg., Rule (3):, 'Would', , Past, , Past, , 'Will', , Past Tense, , He hoped that he will would pass., Rule (4): 'Would', 'used to', , 'Simple Past tense', , Routine Action, , to go to school by bus. I would, return on foot. We played for hours before, I used, , , , , , , , would + V1, , used to + V1, , returning home., Rule (5): Would, Present, , V2, , Past, , principal clause, , If I were a bird, I would fly in the sky., subjects, , were, , I wish, I were a bird., 'was', I wish, as though, if, as if, would that, , suppose., , Rule (6):'Would', 'will', Past form, Indirect speech, He said, “He will go there.”, (Direct), He said that he would go there., (Indirect), English – from Plinth to Paramount, , 5

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Verb (Basic), , Rule (7): Would, , Polite request, , Would you help me ?, Rule (8): Would, , Probability, , He would be sleeping., Rule (9): Would, , wish, , I wish, India would become a developed country soon., Rule (10):'Would like to', , wish, , I would like to talk to the manager, , SHOULD, Rule (1): Should, , suggestion (, , You should study English., Rule (2): 'Should', , 'advice', , You should not laugh at his mistakes., Rule (3): Should, , lest, , negative purpose, , He ran fast lest he should miss the train., lest, , Simple present tense, , Take care lest you fall., , OUGHT TO, Rule (1): Ought to, , moral obligation, , duty, , We ought to love our country., , MUST, , Rule (1): Must, , compulsion, , Candidates must write in ink., Rule (2): Must, , fixed determination, , India must win the world cup., Rule (3): Must, , duty, , A soldier must fight for his country., , USED TO, , Used to, , Past habit/situation, , He used to study till 10 PM., (ii), 6, , 'Use to' or 'uses to', , Present routine action, English – from Plinth to Paramount

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Verb (Basic), , Present routine action, , (×), , He studies till 10 p.m and then goes to bed., , (), , affirmative, negative, , (i) Used to, (a), (b), , (c), , Simple Present Tense, , He uses to study till 10 p.m and then goes to bed., , Interrogative sentences, , Affirmative, He used to come here., Negative, He used not to come here., He did not use to come here., Interrogative, Used he to come here?, Did he use to come here?, 'Verb + used to', 'V1 + ing', , 'habitual action', , I am used to getting, , ,  up late in the morning., V1 +ing, , Verbs/adjective/phrase, 'V1 + ing', , 'to', , to, , V1, , Be used to, accustomed to, averse to, with a view to, addicted to, devoted to, in, addition to, look forward to, object to, owing to, given to, taken to, prone to., 1. He is addicted to smoking., 2. I am looking forward to meeting you., 3. He was used to driving on the right when he was in London., , DARE ,oa NEED, , , , 'Need', , 'Dare', Dare, , Need, , Main Verb, , modal, , (1) He needs, , ,  me., M. V, , (2) She does not dare,  to go there., M. V, , need, (3) You , , ,  not come tomorrow., Modal, , , , Need, , Dare, , modal, , +ve, , I need, (1) ,  help,  . (×),  him, Sub., , modal, , V1, , Obj., , (2) I n, eed to help him. (), , , , , M.V, , Infinitive, , English – from Plinth to Paramount, , 7

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Verb (Basic), , 'dare', , , , 'need', , +ve, , 'to + V1', , (1) He needs to work hard., (2) He will not dare to come here., , , , need, , dare, , -ve, , helping verb, , need, , dare, , 'to', (1) I need not come tomorrow., (2) He dare not cheat anyone again., Modals, M odals, Can, Could, May, Would, , Voice, , M ODALS, , Use, Friendly request, Formal request, Request with respect, Polite Request, , Modals, , Example, Can I take your bike?, Could I talk to Mr. Singh?, May I come in Sir?, Would you help me?, , formulae, , ACTIVE VOICE, , PASSIVE VOICE, , Indefinite, , Sub+modal+V1+obj., , Continuous, , Sub + modal + be + V1 + ing + obj. ×××××, , Perfect, , Sub + modal + have + V3 + obj., , Obj + modal + have + been + V3 + by + sub., , Perfect Continuous, , Sub + modal + have + been + V1, + ing + obj + for / since + time., , ×××××, , formulae, , , Modals, , , , 'Perfect', , Obj + modal + be + V3 + by + sub., , Modal, , verb, , 'V1' form, , formula, , Sub + modal + have +V3 + obj, Modal + have + V3, , , , should have come, could have, , gone, need not have seen, , (2), , 8, , (1) I could score good marks. (Meaning-I had the ability), I could have scored good marks. (Hidden meaning -I didn’t score though I had the, ability), (3) You should work hard. (Just a suggestion), English – from Plinth to Paramount

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Verb (Basic), , (4), , You should have worked hard. (Hidden Meaning - You didn't), , PRIMARY AUXILIARY VERBS: Do, Have, Be Primary Auxiliary Verbs, Main Verb, Helping Verb, 1. Do, , verbs, , Done, Do/ D oes Did,   , , forms, , V3, , V2, , V1, , I do,  my work., , (a), , M.V., , I did,  him.,  not know, , (b), , H.V., , 2. Have, (i), , M.V ., , Has/ have , Had,  , ,  Had, , forms, , V2, , V1, , V3, , possession, , Have, , I have,  a car., M.V., , (ii), , 'helping verb', , Have, , Perfect, , Perfect continuous tense, , (a) I have,  him.,  not seen, M. V ., , H.V., , (b) I h, ad been waiting, , , ,  for him for a long time., (ii), , H .V ., , M.V., , Have + infinitive, forced action, (a) I have to work hard., (b) She had to leave her job., 3. Be, (a), (b), , H.V., M. V., I , am a doctor, , V1, , V2, , V3, , M.V, , He , was,  working,  hard., H.V, , (b), , Be,, is, am, are was,, were , been, , , , , , , forms, , M.V, , He , has been,  to London., H.V, , M.V, , MAIN VERB, I., , MAIN VERBS:, V3, ing-form,, I know,  you., , Verbs Sentence, s/es-form, , Main verbs, Main verb, , V1, V2,, , V1, , I knew,  you., V2, , I have known, , ,  you for two years., V3, , English – from Plinth to Paramount, , 9

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Verb (Basic), , , , 'Main verb', , tense, , forms, , FORMS OF VERB, 1. Present (1 form), 3. Past Participle (3rd form), , 2. Past (2nd form), 4. Present Participle (-ing form), , st, , GROUP - I, Present, (1st Form), Arise, Awake, Be, Bear, Bear, Become, Begin, Bite, Blow, Bind, Bid, Break, Choose, Cling, Come, Dig, Do, Draw, Drink, Drive, Eat, Fall, Find, Fly, Forbid, Forget, Freeze, Get, Give, Grind, Grow, Hang, 10, , Past, (2nd Form), arose, awoke, was, were, bore, bore, became, began, bit, blew, bound, bade, broke, chose, clung, came, dug, did, drew, drank, drove, ate, fell, found, flew, forbade, forgot, froze, got, gave, ground, grew, hung, , P. Participle, (3rd Form), arisen, awaken, been, born, borne, become, begun, bitten, blown, bound, bidden, broken, chosen, clung, come, dug, done, drawn, drunk, driven, eaten, fallen, found, flown, forbidden, forgotten, frozen, got, given, ground, grown, hung, , – ing Form, , s/es Form, , arising, awaking, being, bearing, bearing, becoming, beginning, biting, blowing, binding, bidding, breaking, choosing, clinging, coming, digging, doing, drawing, drinking, driving, eating, falling, finding, flying, forbidding, forgetting, freezing, getting, giving, grinding, growing, hanging, , arises, awakes, is/was, bears, bears, becomes, begins, bites, blows, binds, bids, breaks, chooses, clings, comes, digs, does, draws, drinks, drives, eats, falls, finds, flies, forbids, forgets, freezes, gets, gives, grinds, grows, hangs, , English – from Plinth to Paramount

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Verb (Basic), , Hide, Hold, Know, Lie, Ride, Ring, Rise, See, Shake, Shine, Shoot, Shrink, Sing, Sink, Sit, Slay, Speak, Spit, Stand, Steal, Stick, Strike, Swear, Swim, Swing, Take, Tear, Wear, Weave, Win, Wind, Write, Wring, , hid, held, knew, lay, rode, rang, rose, saw, shook, shone, shot, shrank, sang, sank, sat, slew, spoke, spat, stood, stole, stuck, struck, swore, swam, swung, took, tore, wore, wove, won, wound, wrote, wrung, , hidden, held, known, lain, ridden, rung, risen, seen, shaken, shone, shot, shrunk, sung, sunk, sat, slain, spoken, spat, stood, stolen, stuck, struck, sworn, swum, swung, taken, torn, worn, woven, won, wound, written, wrung, , hiding, holding, knowing, lying, riding, ringing, rising, seeing, shaking, shining, shooting, shrinking, singing, sinking, sitting, slaying, speaking, spitting, standing, stealing, sticking, striking, swearing, swimming, swinging, taking, tearing, wearing, weaving, winning, winding, writing, wringing, , hides, holds, knows, lies, rides, rings, rises, sees, shakes, shines, shoots, shrinks, sings, sinks, sits, slays, speaks, spits, stands, steals, sticks, strikes, swears, swims, swings, takes, tears, wears, weaves, wins, winds, writes, wrings, , GROUP – II, 2, Present, (1st Form), Abuse, Act, nd, , Verbs 2nd form, 3rd form, , English – from Plinth to Paramount, , 3rd form, Past, (2nd Form), abused, acted, , 1st form, P. Participle, 3rd Form), abused, acted, , ed, en, , t, , – ing Form, , s/es Form, , abusing, acting, , abuses, acts, 11

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Verb (Basic), , Add, Admire, Advise, Allow, Answer, Appoint, Appear, Arrive, Arrest, Ask, Attack, Bark, Bathe, Beg, Believe, Behave, Bleed, Bless, Break, Bring, Boil, Boast, Borrow, Build, Burn, Buy, Call, Carry, Catch, Clean, Close, Change, Check, Climb, Clap, Copy, Collect, Complain, Cook, Count, Confuse, 12, , added, admired, advised, allowed, answered, appointed, appeared, arrived, arrested, asked, attacked, barked, bathed, begged, believed, behaved, bled, blessed, broke, brought, boiled, boasted, borrowed, built, burnt, bought, called, carried, caught, cleaned, closed, changed, checked, climbed, clapped, copied, collected, complained, cooked, counted, confused, , added, admired, advised, allowed, answered, appointed, appeared, arrived, arrested, asked, attacked, barked, bathed, begged, believed, behaved, bled, blessed, broken, brought, boiled, boasted, borrowed, built, burnt, bought, called, carried, caught, cleaned, closed, changed, checked, climbed, clapped, copied, collected, complained, cooked, counted, confused, , adding, admiring, advising, allowing, answering, appointing, appearing, arriving, arresting, asking, attacking, barking, bathing, begging, believing, behaving, bleeding, blessing, breaking, bringing, boiling, boasting, borrowing, building, burning, buying, calling, carrying, catching, cleaning, closing, changing, checking, climbing, clapping, copying, collecting, complaining, cooking, counting, confusing, , adds, admires, advises, allows, answers, appoints, appears, arrives, arrests, asks, attacks, barks, bathes, begs, believes, behaves, bleeds, blesses, breaks, brings, boils, boasts, borrows, builds, burns, buys, calls, carries, catches, cleans, closes, changes, checks, climbs, claps, copies, collects, complains, cooks, counts, confuses, , English – from Plinth to Paramount

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Verb (Basic), , Consult, Cover, Crow, Cross, Creep, Cry, Decorate, Dance, Deceive, Defeat, Decide, Desire, Discover, Dip, Die, Divide, Dream, Dry, Drown, Dye, Earn, Enter, Employ, Explain, Face, Fail, Fear, Feed, Feel, Fell, Flee, Fight, Finish, Fine, Float, Graze, Gather, Have, Hate, Hang, English – from Plinth to Paramount, , consulted, covered, crowed, crossed, crept, cried, decorated, danced, deceived, defeated, decided, desired, discovered, dipped, died, divided, dreamed, dried, drowned, dyed, earned, entered, employed, explained, faced, failed, feared, fed, felt, felled, fled, fought, finished, fined, floated, grazed, gathered, had, hated, hanged, , consulted, covered, crowed, crossed, crept, cried, decorated, danced, deceived, defeated, decided, desired, discovered, dipped, died, divided, dreamed, dried, drowned, dyed, earned, entered, employed, explained, faced, failed, feared, fed, felt, felled, fled, fought, finished, fined, floated, grazed, gathered, had, hated, hanged, , consulting, covering, crowing, crossing, creeping, crying, decorating, dancing, deceiving, defeating, deciding, desiring, discovering, dipping, dying, dividing, dreaming, drying, drowning, dyeing, earning, entering, employing, explaining, facing, failing, fearing, feeding, feeling, felling, fleeing, fighting, finishing, fining, floating, grazing, gathering, having, hating, hanging, , consults, covers, crows, crosses, creeps, cries, decorates, dances, deceives, defeats, decides, desires, discovers, dips, dies, divides, dreams, dries, drowns, dyes, earns, enters, employs, explains, faces, fails, fears, feeds, feels, fells, flees, fights, finishes, fines, floats, grazes, gathers, has, hates, hangs, 13

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Verb (Basic), , Hear, Help, Improve, Invite, Join, Jump, Keep, Kill, Knit, Kneel, Lay, , heard, helped, improved, invited, joined, jumped, kept, killed, knitted, knelt, laid, , heard, helped, improved, invited, joined, jumped, kept, killed, knitted, knelt, laid, , hearing, helping, improving, inviting, joining, jumping, keeping, killing, knitting, kneeling, laying, , hears, helps, improves, invites, joins, jumps, keeps, kills, knits, kneels, lays, , Lie, Laugh, Learn, Leave, Lend, Lose, Like, Listen, Look, Live, Love, Lead, Marry, Make, Mean, Meet, Move, Melt, Mend, Mix, Name, Need, Nip, Obey, Open, Order, Oppose, Pay, , lied, laughed, learned, left, lent, lost, liked, listened, looked, lived, loved, led, married, made, meant, met, moved, melted, mended, mixed, named, needed, nipped, obeyed, opened, ordered, opposed, paid, , lied, laughed, learned, left, lent, lost, liked, listened, looked, lived, loved, led, married, made, meant, met, moved, melted, mended, mixed, named, needed, nipped, obeyed, opened, ordered, opposed, paid, , lying, laughing, learning, leaving, lending, losing, liking, listening, looking, living, loving, leading, marrying, making, meaning, meeting, moving, melting, mending, mixing, naming, needing, nipping, obeying, opening, ordering, opposing, paying, , lies, laughs, learns, leaves, lends, loses, likes, listens, looks, lives, loves, leads, marries, makes, means, meets, moves, melts, mends, mixes, names, needs, nips, obeys, opens, orders, opposes, pays, , 14, , English – from Plinth to Paramount

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Verb (Basic), , Play, Pray, Praise, Preach, Peep, Plant, Pluck, Prepare, Pull, Prevent, Punish, Prove, Promise, Push, Plough, Quarrel, Rain, Reply, Reach, Receive, Refuse, Rest, Resign, Repair, Remember, Return, Roar, Say, Seek, Sell, Save, Saw, Send, Select, Sleep, Stand, Stay, Spend, Stop, English – from Plinth to Paramount, , played, prayed, praised, preached, peeped, planted, plucked, prepared, pulled, prevented, punished, proved, promised, pushed, ploughed, quarrelled, rained, replied, reached, received, refused, rested, resigned, repaired, remembered, returned, roared, said, sought, sold, saved, sawed, sent, selected, slept, stood, stayed, spent, stopped, , played, prayed, praised, preached, peeped, planted, plucked, prepared, pulled, prevented, punished, proved, promised, pushed, ploughed, quarrelled, rained, replied, reached, received, refused, rested, resigned, repaired, remembered, returned, roared, said, sought, sold, saved, sawed, sent, selected, slept, stood, stayed, spent, stopped, , playing, praying, praising, preaching, peeping, planting, plucking, preparing, pulling, preventing, punishing, proving, promising, pushing, ploughing, quarrelling, raining, replying, reaching, receiving, refusing, resting, resigning, repairing, remembering, returning, roaring, saying, seeking, selling, saving, sawing, sending, selecting, sleeping, standing, staying, spending, stopping, , plays, prays, praises, preaches, peeps, plants, plucks, prepares, pulls, prevents, punishes, proves, promises, pushes, ploughs, quarrels, rains, replies, reaches, receives, refuses, rests, resigns, repairs, remembers, returns, roars, says, seeks, sells, saves, saws, sends, selects, sleeps, stands, stays, spends, stops, 15

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Verb (Basic), , Sweep, Study, Slip, Talk, Tell, Teach, Think, Tie, Touch, Try, Trust, Use, Understand, Walk, Wash, Wait, Weep, Work, Watch, Wish, Wander, Waste, Wed, Wound, Worship, Wonder, Wrap, Yield, , swept, studied, slipped, talked, told, taught, thought, tied, touched, tried, trusted, used, understood, walked, washed, waited, wept, worked, watched, wished, wandered, wasted, wedded, wounded, worshipped, wondered, wrapped, yielded, , swept, sweeping, sweeps, studied, studying, studies, slipped, slipping, slips, talked, talking, talks, told, telling, tells, taught, teaching, teaches, thought, thinking, thinks, tied, tying, ties, touched, touching, touches, tried, trying, tries, trusted, trusting, trusts, used, using, uses, understood understanding understands, walked, walking, walks, washed, washing, washes, waited, waiting, waits, wept, weeping, weeps, worked, working, works, watched, watching, watches, wished, wishing, wishes, wandered, wandering, wanders, wasted, wasting, wastes, wedded, wedding, weds, wounded, wounding, wounds, worshipped, worshipping worships, wondered, wondering, wonders, wrapped, wrapping, wraps, yielded, yielding, yields, , GROUP – III, Present, (1st Form), Bid, Bet, Burst, Cast, Cost, Cut, Hurt, 16, , Verbs, , forms, Past, (2nd Form), bid, bet, burst, cast, cost, cut, hurt, , P. Participle, (3rd Form), bid, bet, burst, cast, cost, cut, hurt, , – ing Form, , s/es Form, , bidding, betting, bursting, casting, costing, cutting, hurting, , bids, bets, bursts, casts, costs, cuts, hurts, , English – from Plinth to Paramount

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Verb (Basic), , Let, Put, Read, Set, Shed, Shut, Spread, Thrust, Quit, * Read, , *, , Study, , let, put, read, set, shed, shut, spread, thrust, quit, Study, , let, put, read, set, shed, shut, spread, thrust, quit, , letting, lets, putting, puts, reading, reads, setting, sets, shedding, sheds, shutting, shuts, spreading, spreads, thrusting, thrusts, quitting, quits, Read, Magazine,, , newspaper, , CONFUSING PAIR, 1. Bear, Bear, 2. Fall, Fell, 3. Find, Found, 4. Grind, Ground, 5. Hang, Hang, 6. Lie, Lie, Lay, 7. Rend, Rent, 8. Rise, Raise, Raze, 9. See, Saw, 10. Wind, Wound, 11. Fly, Flow, , bore, bore, fell, felled, found, founded, ground, grounded, hanged, hung, lied, lay, , born, borne, fallen, felled, found, founded, ground, grounded, hanged, hung, lied, lain, , , , , , , , , , , , , , , laid, , laid, , , , rent, rented, rose, raised, razed, saw, sawed, wound, wounded, flew, , rent, rented, risen, raised, razed, seen, sawed/sawn, wound, wounded, flown, , flowed, , flowed, , , , , , , , , , , , , , English – from Plinth to Paramount, , {kSfrt (Horizontally) j[kuk, U;kSNkoj djuk, Hens lay eggs, , 17

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Verb (Basic), , VERBS CONFUED WITH VERB/ NOUN/ ADJECTIVE, 1., , Noun, , , 2., , A, d vice, d vise, , ,   A, , , , V e rb, , , 4., , Affect,  , , Effect, , , , , Assure, , , , , 7., , Hear, , , , , , , Heal, , , Prescribe, , , Adopt, , , , Verb, , , 10., , Allude, , , , Verb, , , 18, , Verb, , , , , Brought, , , , , V2 & V3 form of bring, , , , , Compose, , , Comprise, , Verb, , , , , Deface, , , , , 15., , Deprecate, , , 17., , Proscribe, , , 18., , Verb, , , , , , , Envelop, , , , Excite, , , , , , , Verb, , , Adept, , , , , 19., , Elude, , , 20., , Verb, , , , , Incite, , Verb, , , , , Flaunt, , , , Verb, , , Hoard, , , , , , , Loathe, , , , , , , Verb, , , Verb, , , Envelope, , Noun, , , Verb, , , Adj., , , , , Flout, , , Depreciate, , , , Verb, , , Verb, , , Verb, , , Efface, , , , , Verb, , , Verb, , , Noun, , , Adapt, , , , , , , Bought, , , , , V2 & V3 form of buy, , , Verb, , , Heel, , , , , Emend, , , , Verb, , , 14., , 16., , Verb, , , Verb, , , 9., , Insure, , , , , Listen, , , , , Verb, , , 8., , , , Ensure, , , , Verb, , , Verb, , , , , Verb, , , Noun/ Verb, , , Verb, , , 6., , 13., , Noun, , , Verb, , , 5., , 12., , Complain  Complaint, , , , , Verb, , , Amend, , , , Verb, , , Verb, , , Noun, , , 3., , 11., , Practice, ,   Practise, , , , Horde, , , , Noun, , , Loath, , Adj., , , English – from Plinth to Paramount

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Verb (Basic), , 21., , 22., , 23., , 24., , , , Lose, , , , , Loss, , , Verb, , , Loose, , , Noun, , , , , Mitigate, , , , Militate, , , , 29., , Verb, , , Verb, , , , , Pour, , , 28., , Adj., , , , , 30., , Precede, , , , Verb, , , Prey, , Verb, , , Noun, , , Rout,  , , Route,  , , Root, , , Censure, , , , , Censor, , , , , Verb, , , 27., , Verb, , , 33., , Look, , , Verb, , , , , Cite, , Verb, , , Noun, , , Noun, , , , , Defuse, , , , , Verb, , , , , Desert, , , , , Dessert, , , , Verb, , , Sever, , , Verb/Noun, , , , , Noun, , , , , (V), , Severe, , , , , sweet, dish, , , , Adj, , , , , Glance, , , , , Verb/Noun, , , Sewer, , , , Noun, , , , , Glimpse, , , Noun, , , (V), , (N), , (N), , (V), , (N), , Burn, , Verb, , , Verb, , , , , Diffuse, , , , Verb, , , Noun, , , (V), , Light, , , Catch, , , Verb, , , Sight, , , Noun, , ,  Stare, / Glower,   Peep,   Glare, , , , , Appearance(N), , 36., , , , Site, , , Verb, , , Verb, , , Verb/Noun, , , Adj, , , Tiptoe, , , , , Meals, , (V), 35., , , , Toe, , , Noun, , , Noun, , , Noun, , , Verb, , , 34. See,  , , , , Tow, , , Verb, , , 32., 26., , (V), , Verb, , , 31., , , , (N), , Waive, , Verb, , , Verb, , , Noun, , , Proceed, , , , Pray, , , , , Pore, , , Verb, , , Verb, , , 25., , Wave, , , Noun/Verb, , , Noun, , , Hold, , , Verb/Noun, , , Verb/Noun, , , (V), (N), English – from Plinth to Paramount, , (V), (N), 19

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Verb (Basic), , 37., , Canvass, , , 38., , Refuse, , , , , 39., , , , Verb, , , Canvas, , , , Noun, , , , , , , Deny / Re fute, , , Verb, , , Decline, , , , Verb, , , Verb, , , , , Peddle, , , , Verb, , , Pedal, , , Noun/Verb, , , (N), Pedal, 40., , , , Ride, , , Drive, , , Verb/Noun, , , Verb/Noun, , , (N), 41., , (V), , Wither, , , , , (V), , , , Weather, , , Verb, , , , , (N), , Whether, , , N, , , (V), , , , Whither, , , , Conj., , , Adj., , , Where, ('Whether ... or' Co-relative, , , , 42., , Sink, , , 43., , Cease, , , Drown, , , , , Verb, , , Verb, , , , , Verb, , , Seize, , , 44. Invent, , , , , Verb, , , , , Verb, , , Discover, , Verb, , , vc uhpsfn,x;sokD;ksaesamijksDr'kCnksadkiz;ksxns[ksa&, 1. The servant, , hung the picture on the wall, hanged, , 2. Lay your books aside and lie down to rest., , lay, 3., , Practice,  makes a man perfect., Noun, , 4., , 20, , Practise,  the questions given in the assignment., Verb, , English – from Plinth to Paramount

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Verb (Basic), , 5. I need your advice, , , ., Noun, , 6. Do not advise, , ,  me., Verb, , 7, , I have lodged a complaint against him., , , , Noun, , 8. He complained against me., , Verb, , 9. Bad weather affects, , ,  is cough and cold., , ,  your health and the effect, Noun, , Verb, , 10. Many songs are not worthlistening to, listen, 'worthlistening', 'to', 11. He lighted the candle and burnt the papers., , 'to', , 12. The thief eluded, , ,  arrest., Verb, , 13. The earth's atmosphere comprises of three layers ( Active voice, 'of', 'of', 14. Mirabai composed many songs., 15. I refused to help him., 16. The thief denied the charges., 17. I declined the offer., 18. Silence precedes the storm., 19. This is a good site for school., 20. Please cite an example., , comprise, , SPOTTING THE ERROR, 1., 2., 3., 4., 5., 6., 7., 8., 9., , (a) He was so inquisitive/ (b) that he rose many/ (c) questions in the class ./ (d) No, error., (a) He was borne of poor parents,/ (b) but brought up/ (c) in an affluent family./ (d), No error., (a) The university was/ (b) found in 1950/ (c) when India was not self dependent in, many aspects./ (d) No error., (a) I complaint against him/ (b) as in spite of my repeated warnings/ (c) he failed to, mend his ways./ (d) No error., (a) Failure must not have/ (b) permanent affect on a person/ (c)because only the, tough survives./ (d) No error., (a) I keep my cool/ (b) and never loose my temper/ (c) even when provoked/ (d) No, error., (a) He lied on the grass/ (b) for hours/ (c) enjoying the cool breeze./ (d) No error., (a) During the rainy season/ (b) many rivers overflew their banks/ (c) and caused, great difficulty./ (d) No error., (a) He lay his luggage/ (b) aside and lay down/ (c) to rest for a while ./ (d) No error., , English – from Plinth to Paramount, , 21

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Verb (Basic), , 10., 11., 12., 13., 14., 15., 16., 17., 18., 19., 20., 21., 22., 23., 24., 25., 26., 27., 28., 29., 30., 31., 32., 33., 34., 35., 36., 37., 38., 39., 40., 22, , (a) When calamity fell the village,/ (b) they faced it/ (c) bravely./ (d) No error., (a) The assassin was convicted/ (b) and ordered to/ (c) be hung./ (d) No error., (a) If I leave now,/ (b) I will not be able to/ (c) return back before 9 p.m ./ (d) No error., (a) When the company offered him a purse on his retirement/ (b) he refused to/ (c), agree it ./ (d) No error., (a) The timid creature was driven/ (b) into a narrow lane/ (c) where it was slewed, by the kidnapper./ (d) No error., (a) Being implicated in a murder case,/ (b) he was conclusively suspected/ (c) for, all the unsovled murder cases./ (d) No error., (a) My brother thinks/ (b) that somebody must have dared/ (c) him steal the scooter./, (d) No error., (a) When I was young,/ (b) I can run/ (c) faster than Mohan./ (d) No error., (a) Harish needs not/ (b) come here/ (c) as it is getting dark./ (d) No error., (a) He dare/ (b) not to/ (c) go there/ (d) No error., (a) I use to/ (b) play Hockey/ (c) when I was ten year old./ (d) No error., (a) A soldier/ (b) could fight/ (c) for his country and save his country's honour./ (d), No error., (a) I would rather/ (b) die/ (c) then beg./ (d) No error., (a) Run fast/ (b) lest you/ (c) will miss the train/ (d) No error., (a) He hoped/ (b) that he will/ (c) pass the exam with flying colours./ (d) No error., (a) You need to work hard/ (b) but you need not/ (c) to waste time on unimportant, lessons/ (d) No error., (a) She would broke/ (b) a plate every day/ (c) when she came to Delhi last month./, (d) No error., (a) The old lady/ (b) prayed that he/ (c) may live long./ (d) No error., (a) Rama must not to/ (b) have treated his mistress/ (c) like that./ (d) No error., (a) Waste material/ (b) should be recycle/ (c) if possible/ (d) No error., (a) The Government cannot/ (b) be able to contain/ (c) Encephalitis by spending, just 1% of GDP on Health sector./ (d) No error., (a) The police think/ (b) that he may be there/ (c) yesterday at the scene of crime./, (d) No error., (a) "He may live long"/ (b) his sad mother/ (c) prayed./ (d) No error., (a) He returned the purse/ (b) though he could keep/ (c) it very easily./ (d) No error., (a) When you were young/ (b) you ought to learn/ (c) good habits./ (d) No error., (a) If you get good marks/ (b) I shall happy/ (c) as much as you./ (d) No error., (a) We ought to/ (b) honest/ (c) in our dealings./ (d) No error., (a) It is very cold here/ (b) I should bring/ (c) my woolen clothes but I didn't./ (d) No error., (a) Are you/ (b) used to get/ (c) up early./ (d) No error., (a) Our knowledge of history does not come to our help/ (b) and sometimes we even, fail to remember/ (c) who invented America./ (d) No error., (a) I think/ (b) the news/ (c) might true./ (d) No error., English – from Plinth to Paramount

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Verb (Basic), , 41., 42., 43., 44., 45., 46., 47., , (a) Very soon/ (b) I realised/ (c) that he is at fault/ (d) No error., (a) He remembered/ (b) that his visa/ (c) will be expired in a month/ (d) No error., (a) I wasn’t/ (b) at the last meeting and/ (c) neither was you/ (d) No error., (a) In any case no disciplinary action/ (b) are required/ (c) to be taken/ (d) No error., (a) The capital of Yemen/ (b) is situating/ (c) 2190 metres above the sea level/ (d), No error., (a) Owing to the heavy rains,/ (b) the ship drowned/ (c) in the middle of the ocean./, (d) No error., (a) If your jogging clothes/ (b) were not made of/ (c) permeable fabric you will drown/, (d) in your sweat., , Answers with explanation, 1., , (b) 'rose' (rise, , V 2), , 'raised many questions, , 2., 3., 4., 5., 6., , (a), (b), (a), (b), (b), , ‘Bear’, ‘found’, Complain (V1), 'Affect' (V), ‘loose’ (adj.), , 7., 8., 9., 10., 11., 12., , (a), (b), (a), (a), (c), (c), , 13., 14., 15., , (c), (c), (b), , 16., , (c), , 17., 18., 19., , (b), (a), (b), , 20., , (a), , ‘lie’, V2 'lay’, 'Lie', V2 'lied', ‘Overflow’, V2 'overflowed', ‘lay’, V2 laid, 'fell', 'befell', 'Befall', /, ‘hang’, ‘V2’, ‘V3’ hung, 'Hang', ‘V2’, ‘V3’ 'hanged', ‘return’, ‘back’, ‘repeat’, ‘again’, ‘enter’, ‘into’, 'agree', ‘accept’, ‘Slay’, V3 ‘slain’, ‘slewed’., 'Conclusively', 'putting an end to debate, question or doubt'. 'Suspect', 'conclusively', 'self contradictory', ‘steal’, ‘to’, ‘Dare’, 'main verb', 'infinitive' 'to +, V1 ', 'to steal', ‘Past Tense’ ‘ability’, ‘can’, 'could', ‘needs’ Main verb, modal, ‘needs’, 'need', ‘dare’, modal, ‘to go’, 'go', Modal, 'V1', 'to + V1', ‘I used to’, 'I use to', routine action, , V3 'born', 'Bear', V3 'borne', ‘founded’, 'found', V3 founded, V2, V3 'Complained', 'Complaint' (Noun), 'effect' (N), Lose (V), 'Lose my temper', , English – from Plinth to Paramount, , 23

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Verb (Basic), , 21., 22., 23., 24., , (b), (c), (c), (b), , 25., 26., 27., 28., 29., 30., , (c), (a), (c), (a), (b), (b), , 'used to + V1', 'could', 'must', 'then', 'than', 'would rather', 'than', 'will', 'should', 'lest', 'should', 'will', 'would', 'Past Tense', 'would', 'will', 'to waste', 'waste', 'need not', 'V1', 'would', 'V1', V2, 'broke', 'break', 'may', 'might', 'Past', 'To', structure, 'must + not + have + V3.', 'should be', 'V3', 'V1', 'recycle', 'recycled', 'be able to', 'Cannot', 'be able to', , 31., 32., 33., 34., 35., 36., 37., 38., 39., 40., 41., 42., 43., 44., 45., 46., 47., , (b), (a), (b), (b), (b), (a), (b), (b), (c), (c), (c), (c), (c), (b), (b), (b), (c), , ‘May’, ‘Might’, ‘yesterday’, 'Past', ‘May he live long’, ‘wish’, ‘Could keep’, ‘could have kept’, ‘Ought to learn’, ‘Ought to have learnt’, ‘Shall’, Main verb ‘be’, ‘Ought to’, ‘be’, ‘Should bring’, ‘should have brought’, ‘get’, ‘getting’, ‘habitual action’, ‘invented’, ‘discovered’, ‘Might’, ‘be’, 'is', 'was', 'Past Tense', 'will', 'would', 'Past Tense', 'was', 'were', 'You', 'were', 'are', 'is', subject 'disciplinary action' singular, 'situating', 'situated', 'sink', 'drowned', 'sank' (V2), 'will', 'would', 'Past Tense', , 24, , English – from Plinth to Paramount

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Tense, , 2, , TENSE, , CHAPTER, , Tense, , TENSE, 1. Present, , 2. Past, , Sub-Division:- • Indefinite, formula, , • Continuous, , 3. Future, , • Perfect, , • Perfect Continuous, , confusing, , CONFUSING PAIR :, (1), (2), (3), (4), , Simple Present, Continous, Present Perfect, Simple Past, , (1), , PRESENT INDEFINITE: Present Indefinite, , (i), , Routine action, , (ii), , Newspaper, , and, and, and, and, , •, •, •, •, , Present Continuous, Perfect Continuous, Simple Past, Past Perfect, , Regular action, , - I come here daily., , Irregular action, , - Earthquakes come in Japan., , Habits, , - He smokes., , Universal truth, , - The sun rises in the east., , headlines, , sports, , commentary, , simple present tense, , PM signs deal., Sachin strikes the ball and off it goes across the boundary line., (iii), , planned, , English – from Plinth to Paramount, , simple present tense, 25

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Tense, , The Prime Minister leaves for China next week., Formulae: + ve  Sub + V1 + obj.(, Sub I, we, they, you, - ve  Sub + do not (don’t) + V1 + obj., Ques  Do + Sub + V1 + obj?, Do + Sub + not+ V1 + obj?, Don't + Sub + V1 + obj?, , plural, , + ve  Sub + V1 + s/es + obj. (, sub he, she, it, name, - ve  Sub + does not (doesn’t) + V1 + obj., Ques  Does + Sub + V1 + obj?, Does + Sub + not+ V1 + obj?, Doesn't + Sub + V1 + obj?, Correct the following sentences:-, , ), , singular, , ), , (1) What he knows about you? (×), What does he know about you?.(), (2) I don't know what he knows about you.(), (3) The appeal of the victims to transfer the cases related to riots to some, other States do not affect the merit of the case. (change do to does), , 'what', 'what', 'question form', , (3), , 'what', , verb, sub, Subject match, , 'what', 'Question form', 'sentence form', , main sub, , verb, , SIMPLE PAST, , , , simple past, I saw you but you did not see me., , Formulae:, , Sub + V2 + obj, Sub + did not (didn't) + V1 + obj, Did + Sub + V1 + obj ?, Did + Sub + not + V1 + obj ?, Didn't + sub + V1 + obj ?, , 26, , English – from Plinth to Paramount

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Tense, , verb, , 'It's time', 2nd form, , 'It's high time', , sub, , sub, , It's time you should study. (×), It's time you studied. (), , , , 'It's time', , to, , to, , verb, , Ist form, , It's time to study., (1) You do come,  here everyday. (), V1, , (2) He did make,  a mistake. (), V1, , , , do, does, did, main verb, main verb 'v1' form, , Helping verb, do, does, did, , positive, main verb, , Past Tense, I have come yesterday (×), I came yesterday (), , SIMPLE FUTURE, , , , Simple Future tense, I shall meet you., Formulae:, , + ve  Sub + shall/ will + V1 + obj, , -ve  Sub + shall/ will + not + V1 + obj, Sub + shan't/ won't + V1 + obj, , Ques  Shall/will + sub + V1 + obj ?, , Shall/ will + sub + not + V1 + obj ?, , Shan't/ won't + sub + V1 + obj ?, Shall/will, , Modals, , PRESENT CONTINUOUS, , , Present Continuous tense, , (1) I am studying Tense now., , , , 'Present Continuous Tense', (1) Coastal areas are getting submerged., (2) Population is increasing day by day., , English – from Plinth to Paramount, , 27

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Tense, , Present Continuous Tense, I am going to Mumbai tomorrow., Formulae: + ve  Sub + is/ am/ are + v1 + ing+ obj, - ve  Sub + is/ are/ am/ + not + v1 + ing+ obj, Sub + isn't/ aren't/ am not + v1 + ing+ obj, Ques  Is/ am/ are + S + v1 + ing+ obj?, Is/ am/ are + S + not + v1 + ing+ obj?, Isn't/ aren't + S + v1 + ing+ obj?, 'am not', contracted form, Question Tag aren't, I am fine, aren't I ?, , , , Is/am/are, Is – he/she/it/name/singular, Am – I, Are – you/we/they/all/plural, My father is working in a bank and my brother is studying is a school. (×), My father works in a bank and my brother studies in a school. ( ), , , , 'routine', , Present Continuous, , 'simple present', routine action, present continuous, , tense, I am preparing for competitive exams now-a-days., , PAST CONTINUOUS, , , , Past Continuous tense, , I was waiting for you, Formulae:, + Ve  Sub + was/were + V 1 + ing + obj, - Ve  Sub + was/were + not + V 1 + ing + obj, Sub + wasn't/weren't + V 1 + ing + obj, Ques  Was/were + Sub + V1 + ing + obj?, Was/were + Sub + not+ V1 + ing + obj?, Wasn't/weren't + Sub + V1 + ing + obj?, , , , Was/were, Was  He/she/it/name/singular/I, Were  You/we/they/plural/all, , , , 28, , sub, 'main verb', , 'were', , 'were', , 'helping verb', , English – from Plinth to Paramount

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Tense, , were, 1. I wish, I , , ,  a bird., M. V ., , were, , ,  sleeping., 2. He pretended as if he , H.V., , FUTURE CONTINUOUS, , , , Future Continuous tense, , We shall be taking the exam at this time, next month., Formulae:, + Ve  Sub + shall/ will + be + V1 + ing + obj, - Ve  Sub + shall/ will + not + be + V1 + ing + obj, Sub + shan't/ won't + be + V1 + ing + obj, Ques  Will/shall + Sub + be+V1 + ing + obj?, Will/shall + Sub + not+ be+ V1 + ing + obj?, Won't/shan't + Sub +be+ V1 + ing + obj?, verbs, , continuous tense, , verbs, , 'ing' form, , ,slsVERBSdh lwph, (1), (2), (3), (4), , Verbs of Perception- See, taste, smell, hear, prefer, please, notice, recognize., Verbs of Thinking Process- Think, know, mean, mind, remember, suppose., Verbs Showing Possession- Own, have, belong, comprise, possess, contain, consist., Verbs expressing Feelings or State of Mind- Believe, like, dislike, love, adore,, want, wish, desire, hate, agree, trust, imagine., (5) Verbs in General- Look, seem, appear, affect, resemble, cost, require, become,, hope, refuse., 1. He is owing a car. (×), He owns a car. (), 2. This house is belonging to me. (×), This house belongs to me. (), 3. I am not meaning anything wrong. (×), I don't mean anything wrong. (), 4. I am seeing a man standing there. (×), I see a man standing there. (), 'have', , / enjoy, , 'have', , 'have', 'ing', , 'ing', , 'have', , I am having a piece of cake. (), I am having a car. (×), I have a car. (), English – from Plinth to Paramount, , 29

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Tense, , , , Think, remember, feel, look, appear etc., , 'ing', 'ing' form, , eg- 2, , 4, , 1. I am thinking you are right. (×), I think you are right. (), 2. I am thinking of you. (), 3. It was appearing as if they were going to kill us. (×), It appeared as if they were going to kill us.(), 4. You are looking good. (), 2., , Gerund, , Present participle, , verb 'ing' form, , (1) Being ill, I could not come., (2) Getting a job is easy now-a-days., (3) Seeing is believing., (4) Swimming is a good exercise., Verb (Advance), preposition, , 3., , verb, , verb 'ing' form, , (1) Bats are capable of hearing, ,  the ultrasonic waves., V1 +ing, , (2) We must keep away from smoking ., , V1 +ing, , PRESENT PERFECT, , , , Present Perfect Tense, He has come to Delhi recently., , , , Present, perfect Tense, We have progressed a lot., We have reached the moon., , Formulae:, , + Ve , , - Ve , , Sub + has/ have + not + V3 + obj, Sub + hasn't/ haven't + V3 + obj, Ques  Has/ have + Sub + V3 + obj ?, Has/ have + Sub +not+ V3 + obj ?, , Sub + has/ have + V3 + obj, , Hasn't/ haven't + Sub + V3 + obj ?, 30, , English – from Plinth to Paramount

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Tense, , Has/have, has - He/ She/ It/ Name/Singular, have- I/ We/ They/ You/ Plural/ All, 1. Science has given us many new inventions. (), 2. We have reached the moon. (), , , , 1. Science has given us many new inventions in the 19th century. (×), 2. We have reached the moon on 22nd Oct, 2008. (×), Present perfect, Simple past tense, 1. Science gave us many life saving drugs in the 19th century. (), 2. We reached the moon on 22nd Oct, 2008. (), 1. I have had enough problems here (), He has had his breakfast (), have, form (, have forms helping verb, Present perfect, , main verb, , had ( had, , Past perfect, , Formulae, , fit, 2., , recently, already, yet, so far, , perfect tense, , 'yet', , perfect tense -ve, He has not reached home yet (present perfect), He had not done any work so far. (past perfect), 3., since, simple past, since, , present perfect, , I, haven't, seen him, India, ,  since he, left, , ., Present perfect, , Simple past, , present perfect, , 1., , modal, , perfect form, , He may have grown old since she, last, saw him., , , , , Modal in perfect form, , 2., , Simple past, , since, , simple past, , since, , Since he joined the army , he has not taken any leave., , ,  , , , Simple past, , English – from Plinth to Paramount, , Present perfect, , 31

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Tense, , PAST PERFECT, 1. I saw him before he stopped his car. (×), I had seen him before he stopped his car. (), 2. Before he understood anything the robber fled. (×), Before he understood anything the robber had fled. (), 3. I met him after I finished my work. (×), I met him after I had finished my work. (), 4. By the time I reached the theatre, the show started. (×), By the time I reached the theatre, the show had started. (), 5. When Anand reached his village, he found that the news about him had preceded, him. (), , , , formation, st, , 1 action before 2 nd action, Past Perfect, Sim ple Past, , , , formation, , 2nd action 1st action, ,, S.Past, Past Perfect, , Before, , , , formation, , 2nd action after, 1st action, Simple Past, Past Perfect, , , , formation, By the time, , 2nd action, 1st action, ,, Simple Past Past Perfect, , , , Past, Past perfect, Past tense., Formulae:, + Ve  Sub + had + V3 + obj, - Ve , Sub + had + not (hadn't) + V3 + obj, Ques  Had + sub + V3 + obj ?, Had + sub +not + V3 + obj ?, Hadn't + sub + V3 + obj ?, , Simple, , When Anand reached his village, he found that the news about him had preceded him., , , , 32, , Anand, (Simple Past), (Precede, 'past perfect tense', 'news, , News, action 'simple past', Past perfect tense, English – from Plinth to Paramount

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Tense, , FUTURE PERFECT, , , , Future Perfect, You will have finished your syllabus by this time next year., sentence formation, , By the time I, reach, the, station,, train, will, have left., , , , ,  the, , , By the time,, , Simple Present, , Future Perfect, , By the time, Simple Present, Future Perfect, Formulae:, , + Ve , , Sub + will/shall + have + V3 + obj, , - Ve , , Sub + will/shall + not + have + V3 + obj, Sub + won't/shan't + have + V3 + obj, , Ques  Will/shall + Sub + have+ V3 + obj ?, Will/shall + Sub + not + have + V3 + obj ?, Won't/shan't + Sub +have + V3 + obj ?, 1. By the time I, reach, the, station,, train, will, have left, ,  the, , , ., Simple Present, , Future Perfect, , 2. By the time I, reached, the station, train, had left, ,  , the, , ., Simple Past, , Past Perfect, , PRESENT PERFECT CONTINUOUS, , , , Present Perfect Continuous tense, I have been living in Delhi for five years., , Formulae:, + Ve , , Sub + has/ have + been + V1 + ing + obj+ for/ since + time., , - Ve , , Sub + has/ have + not + been + V1 + ing + obj+ for/ since + time., Sub + hasn't/ haven't + been + V1 + ing + obj+ for/ since + time., , Ques  Has/ have + Sub + + been + V1+ ing + obj + for/ since + time?, , Has/have + Sub +not+ been + V1+ing + obj + for/since +time?, Hasn't/ haven't + Sub + been + V1 + ing + obj + for/ since + time?, , I am teaching you since an hour. (×), I have been teaching you for an hour. (), , English – from Plinth to Paramount, , 33

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Tense, , , , For-, , 'For', , For two hours, for last 2 years, For five days, for last 2 months, For 10 years, for last 3 weeks, , , , Since-, , since, , Since monday, since the beginning, Since 2008, since time immemorial, Since 7 P.M., since last year, Since, , 'since', , Calendar, , Since, , Days, → Monday, Tuesday etc., Dates, → 7th May, 8th July etc., Years, → 2005, 2007 etc., Months, → May, June etc., Occasions → Holi, Diwali etc., , Clock, , 7 o' clock, 8 p.m etc., , Stages of life, , Childhood, adolescence etc., , Part of each day, , Morning, last night, noon etc., , PAST PERFECT CONTINUOUS, , , , Past Perfect Continuous Tense, , I had been waiting for you since morning., Formulae: + Ve , Sub + had + been + V1 + ing + obj + for/ since + time., -Ve  Sub + had + not (hadn't) + been + V1 + ing + obj + for/ since + time., Ques  Had + sub + been + V1 + ing + obj + for/ since + time ?, Had + sub + not+ been + V1 + ing + obj + for/ since + time ?, Hadn't + sub + been + V1 + ing + obj + for/ since + time ?, , FUTURE PERFECT CONTINUOUS, , , , Future Perfect Continuous tense, I shall have been living in Delhi for five years by the end of this year., He will have been playing from 2 O' clock, , 34, , English – from Plinth to Paramount

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Tense, , Formulae: + Ve , - Ve , Ques , , Sub + shall/will + have + been + V1 +ing + obj +for/ from+time, Sub + shall/will + not + have + been + V1 + ing + obj + for/from + time, Sub + shan't/won't + have + been + V1 + ing + obj + for/ from + time, Will/shall+sub + have + been + V1 + ing + obj + for/ from+time?, Will/shall + sub + not + have + been + V1 + ing + obj + for/from + time ?, Won't/shan't + sub + have + been + V1 + ing + obj + for/ from + time ?, , : 'ing', continuous/perfect continuous, tense, verb 'ing' form, 'verbs', continuous tense, indefinite tense, I am knowing you. (×), I know you. (), 2., verbs 'perfect continuous', 'Perfect Tense', I have been knowing him for five years. (×), I have known him for five years. (), 3. For/Since, perfect and perfect continuous, tense, I have been living in Delhi for five years. (), I had known him for two years. (), 4., Since + time, perfect, perfect, continuous tense, I ate nothing since morning. (×), 1., , verbs, , I have eaten nothing since morning. (), , SPOTTING THE ERROR, 1., , (a) I have not seen him since twenty years/ (b) and so I cannot say with certainty/, (c) whether he is alive or dead./ (d) No error, , 2., , (a) When he did not find his cook in the kitchen/ (b) he asked his wife/ (c) where, had he gone./ (d) No error, , 3., , (a) Although I am playing cricket/ (b) for more than three years/ (c) I have not been, able to score a century/ (d) No error, , 4., , (a) I do not know where could he have gone/ (b) so early/ (c) in the morning./ (d) No error, , 5., , (a) By the time/ (b) we got our tickets and entered the cinema theatre,/ (c) the, show was already begun./ (d) No error, , 6., , (a) By the time/ (b) we will get our tickets and enter the cinema theatre,/ (c) the, show will have already begun./ (d) No error, , 7., , (a) Gowri told me/ (b) his name after/ (c) he left./ (d) No error, , English – from Plinth to Paramount, , 35

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Tense, , 8., , (a) we have been/ (b) celebrating many festivals/ (c) since centuries./ (d) No error, , 9., , (a) Old age and infirmity/ (b) had began to/ (c) catch up with him./ (d) No error, , 10., , (a) The passer-by told us/ (b) where was the marriage hall/ (c) and even led us to it./, (d) No error, , 11., , (a) I have passed / (b) the examination/ (c) two years ago/ (d) No error, , 12., , (a) Since he joined/ (b) this post, he did not take/ (c) any bribe./ (d) No error, , 13., , (a) Perhaps you know/ (b) that I have passed/ (c) the examination in 1990./ (d) No, error, , 14., , (a) He has read four plays/ (b) written by Shakespeare/ (c) by the end of his vacation./, (d) No error, , 15., , (a) When they stole / (b) the money/ (c) and where did they hide it?./ (d) No error, , 16., , (a) The teacher/ (b) has took/ (c) the responsibility/ (d) No error., , 17., , (a) For time immemorial/ (b) sea shells have been used by man/ (c) in many ways./ (d), No error, , 18., , (a) The river is in spate/ (b) and it has overflown/ (c) its banks./ (d) No error, , 19., , (a) The little boy/ (b) had been waiting for his turn/ (c) since a long time./ (d) No, error, , 20., , (a) This T.V. serial/ (b) is going on/ (c) for 3 years./ (d) No error, , 21., , (a) In the early years of the renaissance of Bharatanatyam, hereditary dancers, have their own set of accompanists/ (b) who lived with the dancers and travelled, with them from place to place/ (c) when they gave performances./ (d) No error, , 22., , (a) This is turned out to be/ (b) one of our most successful projects/ (c) and we have, made quite/ (d) a large profit from it./ (e) No error, , 23., , (a) He is given me/ (b) a lot of documents/ (c) to read before/ (d) the presentation, tomorrow./ (e) No error, , 24., , (a) Since the trip home/ (b) was expensive I/ (c) did not went home/ (d) during the, holidays./ (e) No error, , 25., , (a) As she is late/ (b) for work yesterday she decided/ (c) to skip breakfast and/ (d), leave for office./ (e) No error, , 26., , (a) As soon as the CEO entered the office, the/ (b) union leaders approached him/, (c) and report the matter to him./ (d) No error, , 27., , (a) The college/ (b) is running a computer course/ (c) since 2007./ (d) No error, , 28., , (a) Did he tell you/ (b) why he hasn’t/ (c) come yesterday?/ (d) No error, , 29., , (a) Last night I dream/ (b) I was a Sheikh on the 169th floor/ (c) of Burj Khalifa./ (d), No error, , 30., , (a) She and her sister/ (b) were working here/ (c) since 1983./ (d) No error, , 36, , English – from Plinth to Paramount

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Tense, , 31., , (a) Nobody saw him/ (b) since the fire broke/ (c) in his locality./ (d) No error, , 32., , (a) By this time next year/ (b) Ramesh will take/ (c) his degree./ (d) No error, , 33., , (a) The families/ (b) are living in Gulmohar Park/ (c) for the last two decades./ (d), No error, , 34., , (a) My uncle/ (b) has left/ (c) for Bombay last Saturday./ (d) No error, , 35., , (a) Good heavens !/ (b) How has she/ (c) grown !/ (d) No error, , 36., , (a) I ate/ (b) nothing/ (c) since morning/ (d) No error, , 37., , (a) He/ (b) is having/ (c) many friends here/ (d) No error, , 38., , (a) When I went there/ (b) Charles is playing/ (c) a game of chess/ (d) No error, , 39., , (a) The vaccine/ (b) when hit the market/ (c) is dogged by controversy/ (d) No error, , 40., , (a) The victim tried to tell us/ (b) what has happened but/ (c) his voice was not audible./, (d) No error, , 41., , (a) Our history can be seen as a long evolutionary dialectical development/(b) in, which there have been/ (c) a painstaking forging of rational and moral self./(d) No, error, , 42., , (a) Last year two Italian prisoners of war/ (b) escapes from a prison camp/ (c) in, Kenya during the war./ (d) No error, , 43., , (a) Madhuri Dixit/ (b) is having/ (c) a large fan following./ (d) No error, , 44., , (a) No one heard anything/ (b) about him since/ (c) he left India for good./ (d) No error, , 45., , (a) Before the teacher/ (b) could finish the question/ (c) the students gave the, correct answer./ (d) No error, , 46., , (a) She did not prepare/ (b) her/ (c) breakfast yet./ (d) No error, , 47., , (a) Perhaps you do not know/ (b) I am owning/ (c) a farm house besides two bungalows./, (d) No error, , 48., , (a) When Anand reached his village/ (b) he found that / (c) the news about him, preceded him./ (d) No error, , 49., , (a) She will already return/ (b) home/ (c) when he arrives./ (d) No error, , 50., , (a) Each one of them/ (b) has have his share/ (c) of joy and sorrow./ (d) No error, , 51., , (a) This custom/ (b) has come down/ (c) since times immemorial./ (d) No error, , 52., , (a) Since his arrival in India,/ (b) he is visiting as many villages as he can/ (c) to, acquire a firsthand knowledge of the rural India./ (d) No error., , 53., , (a) Believe me, I/ (b) am believing/ (c) whatever you have said./ (d) No error., , 54., , (a) It is time/ (b) we should have done/ (c) something useful/ (d) No error., , 55., , (a) Mother said,/ (b) “Son,/ (c) you have finished your homework?”/ (d) No error., , 56., , (a) I am going to buy/ (b) a computer/ (c) when the prices comes down./ (d) No error., , 57., , (a) I wish/ (b) I have learnt swimming/ (c) when I was young./ (d) No error., , English – from Plinth to Paramount, , 37

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Tense, , Answers with explanation, 1., 2., 3., 4., 5., 6., , 7., , (a) 'twenty years', 'since', 'for', (c) 'he', had, helping verb, subject, (a) 'am', 'have been', present perfect continuous tense', (a) He, could, (c) was, 'had', 'Past perfect tense', 'simple past tense', (b) 'will', 'we get our tickets', formation, 'simple present tense', 'future perfect tense, (c) 'he had left', formation, Simple Past after Past, Perfect, , , , st, 2nd Action, , 8., 9., 10., 11., , (c), (b), (b), (a), , 12., , (b) 'He did not take, , 1, , 'since', 'for', had, V3 'begun', marriage hall, 'was', I passed (Simple past), , Action, , 'centuries', , formation, present perfect, 'he has not taken', , Simple past tense, , Since S + V2 S + has + V3 (Present Perfect, , , ,  , S . Past, , 13., 14., 15., 16., 17., 18., 19., 20., 21., 22., 38, , point, , ), , Pres . Perf ., , (b) 'I passed', formation, II, (a) 'He will have read', 'He has read', future perfect tense, (a) 'When they stole', 'When did they steal', (b) has, V3 'taken', (a) Time immemorial, 'since', (b) 'Overflow', V3 overflowed, (c) 'since', 'for', 'a long time', (b) Is going, 'has been going', tense, (a) 'early years of renaissance', dancers, 'have', 'had', (a) 'This is turned out', ' this has turned out', , 'for', , present perfect Continuous, hereditary, present perfect, , English – from Plinth to Paramount

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Tense, , tense, 23., 24., 25., , (a) 'He is given me', (c) did not, V1, (a) 'She is late', , 26., , (c) 'report', , 27., , (b) is 'running', , 28., , (b) 'he hasn't ', , 29., , (a) 'last night, , 30., , (b) 'were', , 'he has given me', 'went', 'she was late', 'reported', , 'go', yesterday, , verb 'report', , verb 'V2' form, , 'has been running', 'he hadn't', V2, , 11, dream, , dreamed, , 'had been', , dreamt, , since + time (since 1983), , Past Perfect Continuous tense, 31., , (a) 'Nobody has seen him', , 32., , (b) 'Ramesh will take', , 33., , (b) 'are', , 34., , (b) has left, , 35., , (b) 'has she', , 36., , (a) 'I ate', , Since, , 'simple past', , Since, , 'Present perfect', 'Ramesh will have taken', , 'have been', 'left', , 11, , 'she has', I have eaten', , 'Since/for + time', , perfect, , perfect Continuous tense, 37., , (b) 'is having', , 'has', , 38., , (b) 'is', , 'was', , 39., , (c) 'is', , was, , 40., , (b) 'has', , 'have', , 'to possess', , 'have', , 'ing', 'When I went there', vaccine when hit', , 'had', , simple past tense, , victim, Past Perfect tense, , 41., , (b) 'have', , 'has', , 42., , (b) 'escapes', , 43., , (b) 'is having', , 44., , (a) 'No one heard', , 45., , (c) 'the students gave', , 'escaped', 'has', 'no one has heard', 'the students had given', , Before Simple Past , Past, Perfect, ,  (Past Perfect,  , st, 2nd Action, , English – from Plinth to Paramount, , 1, , Action, , 39

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Tense, , 46., , (a) 'She did not prepare', , 'she has not prepared', , 'yet', , 'Present perfect negative sentences, 47., 48., , (b) 'I am owning', (c) 'Preceded', , 49., 50., 51., 52., 53., 54., 55., 56., 57., , (a), (b), (c), (b), (b), (b), (c), (c), (b), , 40, , 'I own', 'had preceded, , 'Will have already returned', 'has', V3 'had', 'times', 'time', 'is', 'has been', 'am believing', 'believe', 'we should have done', 'we did', 'you have', 'have you', 'Prices comes', 'price comes', 'have', 'had', , (47, , Past Perfect, , 6, , Past, , English – from Plinth to Paramount

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Passive Voice, , CHANGE THE VOICE, , tSls%1. The committee is looking into the matter., , (Active), (Passive), , The matter is being looked into by the committee., , preposition dksP.V. esa yxkuk, uksV%Verb ds ckn vkus okys, u Hkqy, sA, 2. They are laughing at you., You are being laughed at by them., 3. The accused is being produced before the court., The police are producing the accused before the court., 4. Right to protest peacefully is being demanded by the revolutionaries., The revolutionaries are demanding right to protest peacefully., 5. You were not taking the exam seriously., The exam was not being taken seriously by you., , (Active), (Passive), (Passive), (Active), (Passive), (Active), (Active), (Passive), , PERFECT TENSE, Perfect Tense, , Active, , Passive, , Present Perfect Sub + has/have + V3 + obj, , Obj + has / have + been + V3 + by + sub, , Past Perfect, , Sub + had + V3 + obj, , Obj + had + been + V3 + by + sub, , Future Perfect, , Sub + shall/ will + have + V3 + obj, , Obj + shall / will + have + been + V3 + by + sub, , Modal Perfect, , Sub + Modal + have + V3 + obj, , Obj + modal + have + been + V3 + by + sub, , uksV%, vxj Passive Voice 'Perfect Tense' esa gks 'been', rks dk iz;ksx djuk u HkwysaA, CHANGE THE VOICE, , tSls%1. Who has seen him? (Active), By whom has he been seen? (Passive), 2. The news has surprised us. (Active), We have been surprised at the news. (Passive), 3. He will have understood your ulterior motive by that time. (Active), Your ulterior motive will have been understood by him by that time. (Passive), 4. The committee had looked into the matter impartially before he was found, guilty., The matter had been looked into by the committee impartially before it found him, guilty., fixed preposition vkrs gSA, uksV%, dqN ,slsverbs gksrs gS ftuds ckn, known to, surprised at, amazed at, astonished at, startled at, vexed at, annoyed, with somebody, annoyed at something, contained in, embodied in, crammed with,, decorated with, filled with, ornamented with, thronged with, tired of. engulfed in., tSls%1. The fire engulfed the building., The building was engulfed in the fire., 2. This box contains ten cigars., Ten cigars are contained in this box., , English – from Plinth to Paramount, , 43

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Passive Voice, , WH - QUESTIONS:, Yes/No Questions dk Passive cukdj mlds igysInterrogative Words tksM+, Questions cu tkrk gSA, tSls%Active: Have you broken the glass?, Passive: Has the glass been broken by you?, , vc bu Yes/No Questions ds igys Interrogative Word tksM+dj ns[ksa&, Active: Why have you broken the glass?, Passive:, Why, has the glass been broken by you?, , , , , , , , , Interrogative word, , Yes/ No Question, , Whnsus, ls, , Who fdUrq], ;g Rule - Why, How, When, Where, What vkfn ds lkFk ykxw gksrs gSaA, ;k Whom, vkfn ls 'kq: gksus Questions, okys, dsPassive dks ns[ksa&, Active: Who wrote the Ramayana?, Passive: By whom was the Ramayana written?, or, Who was the Ramayana written by?, [Whom was the Ramayana written by? dguk xyr, Active: Whom have you invited?, Passive: Who has been invited by you?, , ], gSA, , IMPERATIVE SENTENCES, , 1. With obj, , 2. Without obj, , Moral Suggestion, , (i) Shut the door (A.V.), 1st way Let the door be shut. (P.V.), , (i) Go away. (A.V.), You are ordered to, go away. (P.V.), , (i) Help the poor. (A.V.), The poor should be, helped. (P.V.), , Let + obj + be + V3, 2nd way You are ordered to shut, the door. (P.V.), , You are ordered/ requested/ Obj + should + be + V3, forbidden etc. + to + V1 + obj., , You are ordered/ requested/, forbidden etc. + to + V1 + obj., , INFINITIVE (TO + V1), Active:, , To + V1, , Passive:, , To + be + V3, , 1., , Active : I am to do it., Passive : It is to be done by me., , 2., , Active:, You are to write it in ink., Passive: It is to be written in ink., , 44, , English – from Plinth to Paramount

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Passive Voice, , VERBS FOLLOWED BY ADJECTIVES., Rose smells sweet. (Active), Rose is sweet when it is smelt. (Passive), , Sub +, , verb, , according to tense, and number, , tSls%1., 2., , + adjective + when + pronoun +, , according to, number, , H.V, , according to, tense and, number, , + V3, , M.V in, V3 form., , Quinine tastes bitter. (Active), Quinine is bitter when it is tasted. (Passive), Those mangoes tasted sour. (Active), Those mangoes were sour when they were tasted. (Passive), , PRACTICE SET, Directions: A sentence has been given in Active/Passive Voice. Out of the four, alternatives suggested below, select the one which best expresses the same sentence, in Passive/Active Voice., 1. What amused you?, (a) What you are made to amuse by?, (b) By what are you being amused?, (c) By what were you amused?, (d) By what have you been amused?, 2. Smoke and flames engulfed the area and made rescue operations difficult., (a) The area was engulfed in smoke and flames and make rescue operations difficult., (b) The area was engulfed in smoke and flames making rescue operations difficult., (c) The area has been engulfed in smoke and flames and made rescue operations difficult., (d) The area was engulfed in smoke and flames and rescue operations were made difficult., 3. He asked me to finish the work in time., (a) I was asked that I should finish the work in time., (b) He asked me that I should finish the work in time., (c) I was asked to finish the work in time., (d) I was asked to finished the work in time by him., 4. Quinine tastes bitter., (a) Quinine is bitter when it is tasted., (b) Quinine is bitter tested., (c) The taste of quinine is bitter., (d) Quinine is tasted bitter., 5. The vintage cars hold a special place in the hearts of their owners., (a) A special place in the hearts of the vintage car owners is held by them., (b) A special place was held by the vintage cars in the hearts of their owners., (c) A special place is held by the vintage cars in the hearts of their owners., (d) A special place is being held by the vintage cars in the hearts of their owners., , 46, , English – from Plinth to Paramount

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Passive Voice, , 6. The accountant took the cheque from the customer., (a) The cheque is taken from the customer by the accountant., (b) The cheque was taken from the customer by the accountant., (c) The customer was taken the cheque by the accountant., (d) The cheque had been taken from the customer by the accountant., 7. The gatekeeper refused him admittance., (a) He was refused admittance by the gatekeeper., (b) Admittance is refused to him by the gatekeeper., (c) Admittance was refused by the gatekeeper ., (d) Admittance is refused him by the gatekeeper., 8. Sohan was interviewing the political leaders., (a) The political leaders were being interviewed by Sohan., (b) The political leader was being interviewed by Sohan., (c) The political leaders are being interviewed by Sohan., (d) The political leaders is being interviewed by Sohan., 9. The builders have built a perfect dam across the stream., (a) A perfect dam has built by the builders across the stream., (b) A perfect dam has been built by the builders across the stream., (c) A perfect dam have been built by the builders across the stream., (d) A perfect dam was being built by the builders across the stream., 10. They should follow all the instructions carefully., (a) All the instructions are carefully followed by them., (b) All the instructions should be carefully followed by them., (c) All the instructions have to be followed by them., (d) All the instructions can be carefully followed by them., 11. Shut the door and leave., (a) Let the door be shut and you are ordered to leave., (b) Let the door be shutted and you are ordered to leave., (c) Let the door be shut and you be left., (d) Let be the door shut and you are ordered to leave., 12. Who knows you?, (a) By whom are you known?, (b) Whom are you known by?, (c) To whom are you known?, (d) Who are you known?, 13. Help others but do not expect anything in return., (a) You are advised to help others and expect anything in return., (b) Let others be helped and expect nothing in return., (c) You were advised to help others and expect anything in return., (d) You are advised to help others but forbidden to expect anything in return., English – from Plinth to Paramount, , 47

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Passive Voice, , 14., , 15., , 16., , 17., , 18., , 19., , 20., , 21., , 48, , We are taught English here., (a) A teacher teaches us English here., (b) English is taught here., (c) A lady teaches us English here., (d) You teach us English here., The news surprised us., (a) We were surprised at the news., (b) We were surprised by the news., (c) We were surprised with the news., (d) We were surprised on the news., Spain expected to win the world cup., (a) The world cup was expected to be won by Spain., (b) It was expected by Spain to win the World Cup., (c) To win the World Cup has been expected by Spain., (d) Spain expected that the World Cup be won by it., After taking her to the hospital, I dropped her at her place., (a) After being taken to the hospital, she was dropped at her place by me., (b) After been taken to the hospital, she was dropped at her place by me., (c) After being taken she was sent to hospital and dropped at her place by me., (d) After being taken to the hospital, she was dropped on her place by me., Have this lock broken., (a) Break this lock., (b) Get someone to break this lock., (c) Let this lock be broken., (d) Have broken this lock be., Think before you speak., (a) Let thinking be done before you speak., (b) Let speaking be not done before you think., (c) You are advised to think before you speak., (d) You are requested to think before you speak., The case is being investigated by the police alongwith the CBI., (a) The police alongwith the CBI are investigating the case., (b) The police alongwith the CBI is investigating the case., (c) The police alongwith the CBI was investigating the case., (d) The police alongwith the CBI were investigating the case., He doesn’t like people to call him cheat., (a) He doesn’t like to be called a cheat., (b) He doesn’t like to be call is a cheat., (c) He doesn’t like anyone to call him cheat., (d) To call cheat is not liked by him., English – from Plinth to Paramount

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Passive Voice, , 22. At Paramount every question is answered as we believe that even Einstein, asked questions., (a) At Paramount every question is answered as we believe that even questions, were asked by Einstein., (b) At Paramount every question is answered as that is believed by us that Einstein, even asked question., (c) At Paramount we answer every question as it is believed by us that questions, were asked by even Einstein., (d) Every question is answered by Paramount as we believe that Einstein asked, even questions., 23. You must hit the nail on the head., (a) The nail must hit on the head., (b) The nail must be hit on the head., (c) The nail has to be hit on the head., (d) The nail on the head must be hit., 24. Those mangoes smell sweet., (a) Those mangoes are sweet when they are smell., (b) Those mangoes are sweet when they are smelt, (c) Those mangoes were sweet when those are smelt., (d) Sweet are smelt by those mangoes., 25. The little boy asked the man the way to Athens., (a) The man has been asked the way to Athens by the little boy., (b) The man was asked the way to Athens by the little boy., (c) The man was being asked the way to Athens by the little boy., (d) The way to Athens was asked by the man from the little boy., 26. Shut the door and go away., (a) Let the door be shut and you are ordered to go away., (b) You are ordered to go away and shut the door., (c) Let the door be shut and let you be gone., (d) Shut the door and let you be gone., 27. Your proposal was objected to and everyone laughed at you., (a) Everyone objected your proposal and laughed at you., (b) Everyone objected to your proposal and you were laughed at., (c) Everyone objected to and laughed at you and your proposal., (d) Your proposal was objected and you were laughed., 28. Let everyone be given a chance., (a) Give everyone a chance., (b) Give a chance for everyone., (c) Let a chance be given to everyone., (d) I will give up a chance., English – from Plinth to Paramount, , 49

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Passive Voice, , 29. Do not make a noise., (a) Let a noise be made not., (b) You are requested to not make a noise., (c) You are ordered to not make a noise., (d) You are forbidden to make a noise., 30. People are raising a hue and cry and are breaking the furniture., (a) A hue and cry is being raised and the furniture is being broken by the people., (b) A hue and cry is being raised and the furniture are being broken by the people., (c) Hue and cry and the furniture is being broken., (d) A hue and cry has been raised and the furniture has been broke., 31. The fur coats were imported from Sweden by us., (a) Sweden imported the fur coats., (b) Sweden was imported the fur coats., (c) We imported the fur coats from Sweden., (d) We had imported the fur coats from Sweden., 32. A bullet in the chest is adored by the brave., (a) The brave adores a bullet in the chest., (b) The brave adore a bullet in the chest., (c) The brave adored a bullet in the chest., (d) The brave have adored a bullet in the chest., 33. Decisions must be taken., (a) Decisions should be taken., (b) We must take decisions., (c) It is good to take decisions., (d) We should take decisions., 34. Are they not cheating us?., (a) Are we not being cheated?, (b) Are not we being cheated?, (c) Are we being not cheated?, (d) Are we being cheated?, 35. The room was cleaned., (a) The cleaner cleaned the room., (b) The room should be cleaned., (c) I cleaned the room., (d) Someone cleaned the room., 36. I should have met him yesterday., (a) He should have met by me yesterday., (b) He should be meeting me yesterday., (c) He should have been meeting by me yesterday., (d) He should have been met by me yesterday., 50, , English – from Plinth to Paramount

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Passive Voice, , 37. One could see her lying on the flowerbeds., (a) Flowerbeds could be seen lying on her., (b) She could see on lying on flowerbeds., (c) She could be seen lying on flowerbeds., (d) She could be lying on flowerbeds seen., 38. We expect good news., (a) Good news is expected by us., (b) Let good news be expected., (c) Let us expect good news., (d) Expecting good news from them., 39. My teacher gave me a journal to read., (a) I was given a journal by my teacher to be read., (b) A journal to read was given to me by my teacher., (c) A journal was given me to read by my teacher., (d) I was given a journal by my teacher to read., 40. It is impossible to do this., (a) This is impossible to be done., (b) To do this by it is impossible., (c) It is impossible to have done this., (d) It can’t be done., 41. Physically challenged people should not be laughed at by the public., (a) Physically challenged people should not laugh at the public., (b) The public will not be laughing at physically challenged people., (c) The public shall not be laughing at physically challenged people., (d) The public should not laugh at physically challenged people., 42. They say that people live on distant planets ., (a) It was said that people live on distant planets ., (b) It is being said that people live on distant planets ., (c) It is said that people live on distant planets ., (d) It is saying that people live on distant planets ., 43. Can we send the parcel tomorrow?, (a) Can be the parcel sent by us tomorrow?, (b) Can we be sent by the parcel tomorrow?, (c) Can the parcel be sent by us tomorrow?, (d) Can the parcel sent by us tomorrow?, 44. A detective arrested him as soon as he got home., (a) An arrest was made by a detective as soon as he got home., (b) He was arrested by a detective as soon as he got home., (c) A detective was arrested by him as soon as he got home., (d) An arrest was detected by him as soon as he got home., English – from Plinth to Paramount, , 51

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Passive Voice, , 45. They cooked the food and sent it to the orphanage., (a) They cooked food was sent to the orphanage by them., (b) The food was cooked and sent to the orphanage by them., (c) The food was sent to the orphanage by them., (d) The food was cooked and sent by them., 46. Where were they playing the cricket match?, (a) Where was the cricket match played?, (b) Where has the cricket match been played?, (c) Where will the cricket match be played?, (d) Where was the cricket match being played?, 47. They say he can teach almost anything in this world., (a) It is said that almost anything in this world can be taught by him., (b) It was said that almost anything could be taught by him., (c) They say almost anything could be taught by him., (d) They say anything almost will be taught by him., 48. Please enter by the left door., (a) Let the left door be entered by you., (b) You are requested to enter by the left door., (c) Let it be entered by the left door., (d) The left door is requested to be entered., 49. I would advise you not to get on the wrong side of your boss., (a) It would be advised by me not to get on the wrong side of your boss., (b) It would be my advice not to get on the wrong side of your boss., (c) You would be advised by me not to get on the wrong side of your boss., (d) My advice to you would be not to get on the wrong side of your boss., 50. They have done this to defuse the crisis., (a) The crisis has been defused by them., (b) This has been done by them to defuse the crisis ., (c) To defuse the crisis this was done by them., (d) To defuse the crisis this is done by them., 51. Open the door., (a) The door must be opened., (b) The door will be opened., (c) The door is opened., (d) Let the door be opened., 52. I did not trust anybody., (a) Nobody was trusted by me., (b) Anybody had been trusted by me., (c) Nobody would be trusted by me., (d) Nobody has been trusted by me., 52, , English – from Plinth to Paramount

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Passive Voice, , 53. Did he remember the date and time?, (a) Are the date and time remembered by him?, (b) Was he remembering the date and time?, (c) Were the date and time remembered by him?, (d) Did the date and time be remembered by him?, 54. The boys were digging a hole in the ground., (a) A hole was being dug in the ground by the boys., (b) In the ground, the boys dug a hole., (c) A hole in the ground has been dug by the boys., (d) A hole in the ground has been dug by the boys., 55. We must now deal with these problems., (a) These problems must now be dealt with by us., (b) These problems must now be dealing with by us., (c) These problems must now deal with by us., (d) These problems are to be dealt with by us., 56. The audience loudly cheered the leader’s speech., (a) The leader’s speech was loudly cheered by the audience., (b) The leader’s speech in loudly cheered by the audience., (c) The audience loudly cheered the leader for his speech., (d) The speech of the leader was loudly cheered by the audience., 57. Someone is following us., (a) We are following by someone., (b) We are being followed by someone., (c) We were being followed by someone., (d) We had been followed by someone., 58. He hasn’t slept in his bed., (a) His bed hasn’t been slept in., (b) He had not been slept in his bed., (c) His bed had been slept in., (d) His bed had not been slept in., 59. I was recommended another lawyer., (a) Somebody recommended another lawyer., (b) Somebody recommended me to another lawyer., (c) Somebody recommended me another lawyer., (d) Somebody recommends me another lawyer., 60. Many a person has been saved from the man-eaters by these hunters., (a) These hunters will save many a person from the man-eaters., (b) These hunters say many a person from the man-eaters., (c) These hunters saved many a person from the man-eaters., (d) These hunters have saved many a person from the man-eaters., English – from Plinth to Paramount, , 53

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Passive Voice, , 61. Must we cut this tree?, (a) Must this tree will cut?, (b) Must this tree be cut?, (c) Must his tree was cut?, (d) Must his tree is cut?, 62. You will be looked after well., (a) They will look after you well., (b) They can’t look after you well., (c) They may look after well., (d) They shall look after you well., 63. Didn’t they tell you to be here by six o’clock?, (a) Weren’t you told to be here by six o’clock?, (b) Haven’t they told you to be here by six o’clock?, (c) You were expected to be here by six o’clock., (d) They expected you to be here by six O’clock., 64. Don’t touch this switch., (a) This switch does not be touched., (b) This switch must not be touched., (c) This switch don’t be touched., (d) This switch need not be touched., 65. One cannot gather grapes from thistles., (a) Thistles cannot be gathered from grapes., (b) Grapes cannot be gathered from thistles., (c) Grapes and thistles cannot be gathered by one., (d) Grapes cannot be gathered by them., 66. They will have completed the work by the time we get there., (a) The work will be completed by the time we get there., (b) The work will have been completed by the time we get there., (c) The work will have completed by the time we get there., (d) The work will have been completed by the time we have got there., 67. You will have to pull down this sky-scraper as you have not complied with the, town planning regulations., (a) This sky-scraper will have to be pulled down as the town planning regulations, have not been complied with., (b) This sky-scraper will have to be pulled down by you as the town planning, regulations have not been complied by you., (c) This sky-scraper will be pulled down as the town planning regulations have not, been complied with., (d) This sky-scraper will have to be pulled down as the town planning regulations, have not been complied., 54, , English – from Plinth to Paramount

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Passive Voice, , 68. He has written a poem which fascinates every one., (a) A poem has been written by him which fascinates every one., (b) Everyone is fascinated by the poem which has been written by him., (c) Poem written by him fascinates everyone., (d) Every one fascinates the poem which is written by him., 69. Will those happy days be ever forgotten by me?, (a) Will I ever forget those happy days?, (b) Shall I ever forget those happy days?, (c) Would I forget these happy days?, (d) Ever shall I forget those happy days?, 70. You are requested to permit him., (a) Please permit him., (b) I request you to permit me., (c) He requests to permit him., (d) I plead you to permit him., 71. I am not going to tolerate this nonsense anymore., (a) This nonsense is not going to be tolerated by me anymore., (b) This nonsense is not being gone to be tolerated by me anymore., (c) This nonsense is not being going to be tolerated by me anymore., (d) Tolerate is not being going to be done by me of this nonsense., 72. The boys were being laughed at by the passers-by on the busy thoroughfare last, evening., (a) The passers-by laughed at the boys on the busy thoroughfare last evening., (b) The passers-by were laughing at the boys on the busy thoroughfare last evening., (c) The boys were laughing at the passers-by on the busy thoroughfare last evening., (d) None of the above., 73. The police are questioning Mr. and Mrs. Sharma., (a) Mr. and Mrs. Sharma are questioned by the police., (b) Mr. and Mrs. Sharma have been questioning the police., (c) Mr. and Mrs. Sharma have been questioned by the police., (d) Mr. and Mrs. Sharma are being questioned by the police., 74. Before they invented printing, people had to write everything by hand., (a) Before printing was invented everything had to be written by hand., (b) Before printing was invented by them, everything had to be written., (c) Before printing was invented people had to write everything by hand., (d) Before printing was invented everything was written by hand., 75. Did any one ever make it clear how one operates the machine?, (a) Was it ever made clear how the machine is operated?, (b) Did any one ever make it by clear how the machine is operated?, English – from Plinth to Paramount, , 55

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Passive Voice, , 76., , 77., , 78., , 79., , 80., , 81., , 82., , 56, , (c) Was ever it made clear how to operate the machine?, (d) Was how to operate the machine ever made clear?, Why did your father refuse to give the money to you?, (a) Why was your father refused money to you?, (b) Why was the money not given to you by your father?, (c) Why was the money refused to be given to you by your father?, (d) Why the money was refused to be given to you by your father?, Do you expect your parents to come from Hyderabad today?, (a) Did your parents come today from Hyderabad?, (b) Were your parents expected to come from Hyderabad today?, (c) Are your parents expected to come today from Hyderabad?, (d) Do your parents are expected to come today from Hyderabad?, Why are you raising a hue and cry?, (a) Why are a hue and cry being raised by you?, (b) Why is a hue and cry being raised by you?, (c) Why a hue and cry are being raised by you?, (d) Why a hue and cry is being raised by you?, They say that there are living beings on Mars., (a) They say that Mars has living beings., (b) It is said that there are people living on Mars., (c) On Mars, there are living beings., (d) It is said that there are living beings on Mars., A fortnight after he was convicted for the rape and murder of his classmate, the, Delhi High Court sentenced him to death on Monday., (a) A fortnight after he had been convicted for the rape and murder of his classmate, he had been sentenced to death by the Delhi High Court on Monday., (b) A fortnight after he was convicted for the rape and murder of his classmate he, has been sentenced to death by the Delhi High Court on Monday., (c) A fortnight after he was convicted for the rape and murder of his classmate he, was sentenced to death by the Delhi High Court on Monday., (d) A fortnight after he was been convicted for the rape and murder of his classmate, he was sentenced to death by the Delhi High Court on Monday., Their dog bit our neighbour yesterday., (a) Our neighbour bit their dog yesterday., (b) Our neighbour bitten by their do yesterday., (c) Our neighbour was bitten by their dog yesterday., (d) Our neighbour were bit by their dog yesterday., The MD told us about the new project., (a) We were told about the new project by the MD., (b) We are told about the new project by the MD., English – from Plinth to Paramount

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Passive Voice, , 83., , 84., , 85., , 86., , 87., , 88., , 89., , 90., , (c) We told by MD about the new project., (d) We had been told by MD about project., The Minister had already informed his Cabinet about his decision., (a) His Cabinet was already informed about the Minister’s decision., (b) His Cabinet has already informed the Minister about his decision., (c) His Cabinet had already been informed about his decision by the Minister., (d) His Cabinet will have already been informed about the Minister’s decision., Sayali gave the beggar an old sari., (a) An old sari was given to Sayali by the beggar., (b) An old sari was given to the begger by Sayali., (c) The begger was being given on old sari by Sayali., (d) The begger had to be given on old sari by Sayali., They are going to perform “Hamlet”., (a) “Hamlet” is going to be performed by them., (b) “Hamlet” is going to perform by them., (c) “Hamlet” is to perform., (d) “Hamlet” has to be performed., I was shocked by the letter., (a) They shocked me with the letter., (b) I am shocked., (c) The letter shocked me., (d) I shocked with the letter., Somebody stole my car last week., (a) Last week my car was steal by somebody., (b) My car was stolen last week by somebody., (c) My car was stolen that week by somebody., (d) Somebody last week has stolen my car., Do they sell construction material?, (a) Does construction material sold by them?, (b) Is construction material selling by them?, (c) Is construction material sold by them?, (d) Does construction material sell by them?, Sharma was cleaning the house., (a) The house was cleaned by Sharma., (b) The house will be cleaned by Sharma., (c) The house was being cleaned by Sharma., (d) The house is being cleaned by Sharma., I bought a new shirt last week., (a) Last week a new shirt was bought by I., (b) Last week a new shirt is bought by I., , English – from Plinth to Paramount, , 57

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Passive Voice, , 91., , 92., , 93., , 94., , 95., , 96., , 97., , 98., , 58, , (c) Last week a new shirt was bought by me., (d) Last week a new shirt had been bought by me., The plants have been watered by the gardener., (a) The gardener is watering the plants., (b) The gardener has been watering the plants., (c) The gardener has watered the plants., (d) The gardener have watered the plants., The children could use the place always., (a) The place can be used by children always., (b) The place is used by children always., (c) The place could always be used by children., (d) The place has been used by children always., They say that the earth is round., (a) It has been said that the earth is round., (b) That the earth is round is said by them., (c) It is said that the earth is round., (d) It was said that the earth was round., This machine must not be used after 5.30 p.m., (a) You can’t use the machine after 5.30 p.m., (b) You mayn’t use the machine after 5.30 p.m., (c) You need not you the machine after 5.30 p.m., (d) You must not use the machine after 5.30 p.m., Tiny houses dot the landscape., (a) The landscape was dotted by tiny houses., (b) The landscape is being dotted by tiny houses., (c) The landscape is dotted by tiny houses., (d) The landscape has been dotted by tiny houses., Dogs always chase cats., (a) Cats are always chasing dogs., (b) Cats have been always chased by dogs., (c) Cats are always chased by dogs., (d) Cats are being always chased by dogs., The farmer prepared the field., (a) The field was prepared by the farmer., (b) The field was being prepared by the farmer., (c) The field were prepared by the farmer., (d) The field were being prepared by the farmer., Teachers should be respected., (a) Teachers deserve respect., (b) Teachers are to be respected., English – from Plinth to Paramount

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Passive Voice, , 99., , 100., , 101., , 102., , 103., , 104., , 105., , 106., , (c) We shall respect teaches., (d) We should respect teachers., He will do the work tomorrow., (a) The work will be done by him tomorrow., (b) The work would be done by him tomorrow., (c) The work could be done by him tomorrow., (d) The work will have been done by him tomorrow., She gave me a book., (a) I was given a book by her., (b) She was given a book., (c) A book is given by her to me., (d) I was given her a book., I have bought a new car., (a) A new car was bought by me., (b) A new car is brought by me., (c) A new car has been bought by me., (d) A new car had been bought by me., Teachers might have given their students some concessions., (a) Their students might have given some concessions to their teachers., (b) Their students might be given some concessions by their teachers., (c) Their students might be giving some concessions to their teachers., (d) Students might have been given some concessions by their teachers., You should not offer meat to vegetarians., (a) Vegetarians should not be offered meat., (b) Meat should be offered to non-vegetarians., (c) Vegetarians should not offer meat., (d) You should offer no meat to non-vegetarians., You must write off all those bad debts., (a) You must be written off by all those bad debts., (b) All those bad debts must be written off by you., (c) Write off all those bad debts ., (d) All those bad debts could be written off., Are they receiving the chief guest at the station ?, (a) Was the chief guest being received at the station ?, (b) Is the chief guest being received at the station ?, (c) Will they be received by the chief guest at the station ?, (d) Will the chief guest be received at the station ?, We make butter from milk., (a) Butter is make from milk by us., (b) Butter is made from milk by us., , English – from Plinth to Paramount, , 59

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Passive Voice, , 107., , 108., , 109., , 110., , 111., , 112., , 113., , 114., , 60, , (c) Butter is make with milk by us., (d) From milk butter is made by us., I don’t like people telling me what to do., (a) I don’t like being told what to do., (b) People telling me what to do was not liked by me., (c) I do not like being told by the people., (d) People don’t like telling me what to do., The meeting has been called off by the chairman., (a) The chairman called off the meeting., (b) The chairman has called off the meeting., (c) The chairman is calling off the meeting., (d) The chairman had called off the meeting., The police arrested 200 students on the University campus., (a) 200 students had been arrested on the University campus by the police., (b) 200 students has been arrested by the police on the University campus., (c) 200 students were arrested by the police on the University campus., (d) 200 students are arrested on the University campus by the police., Why do you like him so much ?, (a) Why has he been liked so much by you ?, (b) Why was he liked by you so much?, (c) Why is he liked by you so much ?, (d) Why he is liked by you so much ?, The invitation cards will be sent today., (a) They will sent the invitation cards today., (b) They will have sent the invitation cards today., (c) They will send the invitation cards today., (d) They will be sending the invitation cards today., She has baked several cakes for her friends., (a) She has several cakes to be baked for her friends., (b) Her friends had several cakes baked by her., (c) Several cakes have been baked by her for her friends., (d) Her friends baked several cakes for her., We believe that God gives us misery., (a) It was believed that God gave us misery., (b) It has been believed that God gives us misery., (c) It is believed that God gives us misery., (d) It is a belief that God gives us misery., A lot of saplings have been planted by the chief guest., (a) The chief guest is planting a lot of saplings., (b) The chief guest has planted a lot of saplings., English – from Plinth to Paramount

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Passive Voice, , 115., , 116., , 117., , 118., , 119., , 120., , 121., , 122., , (c) The chief guest have planted a lot of sapling., (d) The chief guest has been planting a lot of saplings., The Prime Minister has discussed the matter with the other ministers., (a) The matter was discussed by the Prime Minister with the other ministers., (b) The matter is discussed- by the Prime Minister with the other ministers., (c) The matter had been discussed by the Prime Minister with the other ministers., (d) The matter has been discussed by the Prime Minister with the other ministers., The Principal will meet the students this evening., (a) The students will be met by the Principal this evening., (b) The students could be met by the Principal this evening. ., (c) The students would be met by the Principal this evening., (d) The students will be meeting the Principal this evening. ., The Chief Justice of India is appointed by the President., (a) The President “of India appointed the Chief Justice., (b) The President appoints the Chief Justice of India., (c) The President appointed the Chief Justice of India., (d) The appointment order of the Chief Justice of India was given by the President., A meeting was convened by the Principal., (a) The Principal convened a meeting., (b) The Principal was convening a meeting., (c) The Principal has convened a meeting, (d) The Principal is convening a meeting., Someone has stolen my suitcase., (a) My suitcase is stolen by someone., (b) Someone has been stolen my suitcase., (c) My suitcase has someone been stolen., (d) My suitcase has been stolen by someone., Anu is interviewing Radhika and Sarath Kumar., (a) Radhika and Sarath Kumar are being interviewed by Anu., (b) Radhika and Sarath Kumar are interviewing Anu., (c) Radhika and Sarath Kumar were interviewed by Anu., (d) Radhika is being interviewed by Sarath Kumar and Ami., Our task had been completed before sunset., (a) We completed our task before sunset., (b) We have completed our task before sunset., (c) We complete our task before sunset., (d) We had completed our task before sunset., The boy laughed at the beggar., (a) The beggar was laughed by the boy., (b) The beggar was being laughed by the boy., , English – from Plinth to Paramount, , 61

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Passive Voice, , 123., , 124., , 125., , 126., , 127., , 128., , 129., , 62, , (c) The beggar was being laughed at by the boy., (d) The beggar was laughed at by the boy., The government has launched a massive tribal welfare programme in Jharkhand., (a) A massive tribal welfare programme is launched by the government in, Jharkhand., (b) A massive tribal welfare programme has been launched by the government, in Jharkhand., (c) Jharkhand government has launched a massive tribal welfare programme., (d) T h e g o v e r n m e n t i n J h a r k h a n d h a s l a u n c h e d a m a s s i v e t r i b a l, welf ar e pr ogramme., The boys were playing cricket., (a) Cricket had been played by the boys., (b) Cricket has been played by the boys., (c) Cricket was played by the boys., (d) Cricket was being played by the boys., They drew a circle in the morning., (a) A circle was being drawn by them in the morning., (b) A circle was drawn by them in the morning., (c) In the morning a circle have been drawn by them., (d) A circle has been drawing since morning., They will demolish the entire block., (a) The entire block is being demolished., (b) The block may be demolished entirely., (c) The entire block will have to be demolished by them., (d) The entire block will be demolished by them., The burglar destroyed several items in the room. Even the carpet has been torn., (a) Several items destroyed in the room by the burglar. Even the carpet he has torn., (b) Several items in the room were destroyed by the burglar. Even the carpet has, been torn., (c) Including the carpet, several items in the room have been torn by the burglar., (d) The burglar, being destroyed several items in the room, also carpet has torn., We must respect the elders., (a) The elders deserve respect from us., (b) The elders must be respected., (c) The elders must respected by us., (d) Respect the elders we must., We have warned you., (a) You have been warned., (b) We have you warned., English – from Plinth to Paramount

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Passive Voice, , 130., , 131., , 132., , 133., , 134., , 135., , 136., , 137., , (c) Warned you have been., (d) Have you been warned., Has anybody answered your question ?, (a) Your question has been answered ?, (b) Anybody has answered your question ?, (c) Has your question been answered ?, (d) Have you answered your question ?, The shopkeeper lowered the prices., (a) The prices lowered the shopkeeper., (b) The prices were lowered by the shopkeeper., (c) Down went the prices., (d) The shopkeeper got down the prices., One must keep one’s promises., (a) One’s promises are kept., (b) One’s promises must kept., (c) One’s promises were kept., (d) Promises must be kept., The government has not approved the new drug for sale., (a) The government approval for the sale of the new drug has not been given., (b) The new drug has not been approved for sale by the government., (c) For the sale of the new drug we have not been given the approval., (d) The new drug was not approved by the government., They have published all the details of the invention., (a) All the details of the invention have been published by them., (b) The publication of the details of invention was done by them., (c) All the details have been invented by the publishers., (d) All the inventions have been detailed by them., He teaches us grammar., (a) Grammar was taught to us by him., (b) We are taught grammar by him., (c) Grammar will be taught to us by him., (d) We were teached grammar by him., The manager could not accept the union leader’s proposals., (a) The union leader’s proposals could not be accepted by the manager., (b) The union leader’s proposals were not accepted by the manager., (c) The union leader’s proposals will not be accepted by the manager., (d) The union leader’s proposals would not be accepted by the manager., Prepare yourself for the worst., (a) You be prepared for the worst., (b) The worst should be prepared by yourself., , English – from Plinth to Paramount, , 63

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Passive Voice, , 138., , 139., , 140., , 141., , 142., , 143., , 144., , 145., , 64, , (c) Be prepared for the worst., (d) For the worst, preparation should be made by you., Please shut the door and go to sleep., (a) The door is to be shut and you are to go to sleep., (b) Let the door be shut and you be asleep., (c) You are requested to shut the door and go to sleep., (d) The door is to be shut and you are requested to sleep., Small strokes fell great oaks., (a) Great oaks are fallen by small oaks., (b) Great oaks are felled by small oaks., (c) Great oaks are fell by small oaks., (d) Great oaks were fallen by small oaks., We must take care of all living species on Earth., (a) All living species on Earth are taken care of by us., (b) All living species on Earth must be taken care of by us., (c) All living species on Earth had been taken care of by us., (d) All living species on Earth will be taken care of by us., People call him a fool., (a) He has been called a fool., (b) He is called a fool by the people., (c) The people have been calling him a fool., (d) We all people have called him a fool., It is being read by us., (a) We are reading it., (b) It will be read by us., (c) We can read it., (d) We have to read it., He had committed a mistake., (a) A mistake had committed by him., (b) A mistake was committed by him., (c) A mistake had been committed by him., (d) A mistake has been committed by him., The most useful training of my career was given to me by my boss., (a) My boss has been giving me the most useful training of my career., (b) My boss gives me the most useful training., (c) My boss is giving me the most useful training., (d) My boss gave me the most useful training of my career., We have decided to open a new branch., (a) To open a new branch was decided by us., (b) To be opened a new branch has been decided., English – from Plinth to Paramount

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Passive Voice, , 146., , 147., , 148., , 149., , 150., , 151., , 152., , 153., , (c) It has been decided to open a new branch., (d) It may be decided to open a new branch by us., The loan will be sanctioned by the bank., (a) The bank sanctioned the loan., (b) The bank is going to sanction the loan., (c) The bank would sanction the loan., (d) The bank will sanction the loan., Paint the windows., (a) Windows should be painted., (b) Let the windows be painted., (c) Let be the windows painted., (d) Windows are let to be painted., The traitors should be shot dead., (a) They should have shot the traitors dead., (b) They shall shoot the traitors dead., (c) They should shoot the traitors dead., (d) They shot the traitors dead., Rahul is teaching the children in the slum areas., (a) The children in the slum areas are taught by Rahul., (b) The children are taught by Rahul in the slum area., (c) In the slum areas the children are learning from Rahul., (d) The children in the slum areas are being taught by Rahul., One cannot expect children to understand these problems., (a) Children cannot be expected to understand these problems., (b) Children to understand these problems cannot be expected., (c) Children cannot be expected to be understood these problems., (d) To understand these problems cannot be expected from children by one., Why did she break the garden wall ?, (a) Why the garden wall was broken by her?, (b) Why had the garden wall been broken by her ?, (c) Why was the garden wall broken by her?, (d) Why will the garden wall be broken by her ?, The students were laughing at the old man., (a) The old man was being laughed at by the students., (b) The old man was laughed at by the students., (c) The old man was being laughed by the students., (d) The old man is laughing at the students., He admonished her for the error., (a) She was admonished by him for the error., (b) She has been admonished by him for the error., , English – from Plinth to Paramount, , 65

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Passive Voice, , 154., , 155., , 156., , 157., , 158., , 159., , 160., , 161., , 66, , (c) She would be admonished by him for the error., (d) She is admonished by him for the error., Can we send this big parcel by air ?, (a) Can this big parcel be sent by air?, (b) Can this big parcel sent by air ?, (c) Could this big parcel be sent by air?, (d) Could this big parcel sent by us by air?, The boys saved many elders from drowning., (a) Many elders are saved from drowning by the boys., (b) Many elders are being saved from drowning by the boys,, (c) Many elders were saved from drowning by the boys., (d) Many elders have .been saved from drowning by the boys., He was refused admittance., (a) The guards refuse him admittance., (b) The guards refused him for admittance., (c) The guards have refused him admittance., (d) The guards refused him admittance., You will be taken care of by me., (a) I will be taking care of you., (b) I would take care of you., (c) I will take care of you., (d) I will being take care of you., Promises should be kept., (a) You must keep the promises., (b) We must keep their promises., (c) Kept the promises., (d) One should keep one's promises., Circumstances forced him to resign his post., (a) Circumstances make him to resign his post., (b) He was forced to resign his post., (c) He is forced to resign his post., (d) He is forced and resigned his post., ., He would have written this essay in time., (a) The essay was written on time., (b) This essay would haye been written by him in time., (c) The essay was written by him in, (d) He wrote the essay on time., I give alms to the poor on Saturdays., (a) Alms are given to the poor by me on Saturdays., (b) Alms is given to the poor by me on Saturdays., English – from Plinth to Paramount

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Passive Voice, , 162., , 163., , 164., , 165., , 166., , 167., , 168., , 169., , (c) Alms are given to the poors by me on Saturdays., (d) Alms were given to the poor by me on Saturdays., God helps the brave., (a) The brave is helped by God, (b) The brave are helped by God, (c) The brave are help by God, (d) The brave helped by God, I haven’t read Three Muskeeters., (a) Three Muskeeters have not been read by me., (b) Three Muskeeters has not been read by me., (c) Three Muskeeters has been not read by me., (d) Three Muskeeters has not been readed by me., I am going to buy new spectacles tomorrow., (a) New spectacles are going to be bought by me tomorrow., (b) New spectacles is going to be bought by me tomorrow., (c) New spectacles are being bought by me tomorrow., (d) New spectacles are to be bought by me tomorrow., Our mothers use tongs while making chapaties., (a) Tongs are used by our mothers while making chapaties., (b) Tongs is used by our mothers while making chapaties., (c) Tongs are used by our mothers while chapaties are being made., (d) Tongs are use by our mothers while making chapaties., I play Billiards during my free time., (a) Billiards are played by me during my free time., (b) Billiards were played by me during my free time., (c) Billiards are being played by me during my free time., (d) Billiards is played by me during my free time., Have the car painted black., (a) Paint the car black., (b) I have painted the car black., (c) Get someone to paint the car black, ., (d) Black has been painted by the car., Who has stolen my binoculars?, (a) By whom my binoculars have been stolen?, (b) By whom have my binoculars been stolen?, (c) By whom has my binoculars been stolen?, (d) By whom my binoculars has been stolen?, He has been arrested and sent to jail., (a) The police arrested him and the court sent him to jail., (b) The police has arrested him and the court have sent him to jail., , English – from Plinth to Paramount, , 67

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Passive Voice, , 170., , 171., , 172., , 173., , 174., , 175., , 68, , (c) The police have arrested him and the court has sent him to jail., (d) The police has arrested him and the court has sent him to jail., Anna and his team hope to fight corruption with Jan Lokpal Bill., (a) It is hoped by Anna and his team that they would fight corruption by Jan Lokpal Bill ., (b) To fight corruption is been hoped by Anna and his team by Jan Lokpal Bill., (c) To fight corruption was being hoped by Anna and his team by Jan Lokpal Bill., (d) To fight corruption is being hoping by Anna and his team by Jan Lokpal Bill., The Greeks expected to conquer Carthrage., (a) People expected the Greeks to conquer Carthrage., (b) It was expected by the Greeks to conquer Carthrage., (c) To conquer Carthrage was expected by the Greeks., (d) Carthrage was expected to be conquered by the Greeks., Rome was not built in a day., (a) They did not build Rome in a day., (b) They could not build Rome in a day., (c) The Romans did not build Rome in a day., (d) They have not built Rome in a day., The ship is being taken to safe water by the Captain and not his crew., (a) The Captain and not his crew is taking the ship to safe water., (b) The Captain and not his crew are taking the ship to safe water., (c) The Captain and not his crew have taken the ship to safe water., (d) The Captain and not his crew is being taking the ship to safe water., Strong Anti-Corruption law is liked by neither the Central Government nor the, State Governments., (a) Neither the Central Government nor the State Governments likes strong AntiCorruption law., (b) Neither the Central Government nor the State Governments like strong AntiCorruption law., (c) Neither the Central Government nor the State Governments liked strong AntiCorruption law., (d) Neither the Central Government nor the State Governments are liking strong, Anti-Corruption law., If you cannot change the master, you cannot change the destiny., (a) The destiny cannot be changed if masters cannot change., (b) The destiny could not be changed if masters cannot be changed., (c) The destiny cannot change if masters cannot be changed., (d) The destiny cannot be changed if masters cannot be changed., English – from Plinth to Paramount

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Passive Voice, , 176. The curd smelt sour., (a) The curd is sour when smelt., (b) The curd was sour when it was smelling., (c) The curd was sour when it was smelt., (d) The curd is sour when it was smelt., 177. People are not going to tolerate Government’s despotism., (a) Government’s despotism is not going to be tolerated by people., (b) Government’s despotism was not going to be tolerated by people., (c) Government’s despotism is not being tolerated by people., (d) Government’s despotism is not to be tolerated by people., 178. He is writing a letter., (a) A letter is being written by him., (b) A letter is written by him., (c) A letter has been written by him., (d) Let a letter be written by him., 179. The man cut the tree into thin strips., (a) The tree was cut into thin strips by the man., (b) The tree cut itself into thin strips by the man., (c) The tree has cut into thin strips by the man., (d) The tree can be cut into thin strips by the man., 180. My father gave me a hundred rupee note yesterday., (a) A hundred rupee note was given to me by my father yesterday., (b) A hundred rupee note was being given to me by my father., (c) A hundred rupee note had been given to me by my father., (d) Yesterday, my father was given a hundred rupee note by me., 181. The pilot landed the plane safely., (a) The plane had been landed safely by the pilot., (b) The plane was landed safely by the pilot., (c) The plane has been landed safely by the pilot., (d) The plane was to be landed safely by the pilot., 182. Abha sent me a card., (a) A card will be send to me by Abha., (b) A card was sent to me by Abha., (c) A card will be sent to me by Abha., (d) A card is sent to me by Abha., 183. He will never forget it., (a) It will never be forgotten by him., (b) It can never be forgotten by him., (c) It should never be forgotten by him., (d) It may never be forgotten by him., English – from Plinth to Paramount, , 69

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Passive Voice, , 184. Let not his insulting words be minded., (a) Don’t be insulted his words., (b) Don’t mind his insulting words., (c) Don’t insult him with his words., (d) Do mind his insulting words., 185. The students have been punished by the teacher for negligence of duty., (a) The teacher has punished the students for negligence of duty., (b) The teacher had punished the students for negligence of duty., (c) The teacher punished the students for negligence of duty., (d) The teacher have punished the students for negligence of duty., 186. The storm has destroyed twelve houses., (a) Twelve houses had been destroyed by the storm., (b) Twelve houses have been destroyed by the storm., (c) Twelve houses were destroyed by the storm., (d) Twelve houses have been stormed., 187. She is reading a novel., (a) A novel is being read by her., (b) A novel has been read by her., (c) A novel is read by her., (d) A novel was being read by her., 188. The whole village was ravaged by the man-eater., (a) The man-eater ravages the whole village., (b) The whole village is ravaged by the man-eater., (c) The man-eater ravaged the whole village., (d) The whole village is being ravaged by the man-eater., 189. The purity of justice is maintained by the reports of proceedings in the law courts., (a) The law courts maintain purity of justice in the reports of the proceedings., (b) The reports of the proceedings in the law courts maintain the purity of justice., (c) Pure justice is maintained in the proceedings of the law courts., (d) The maintenance of justice is pure in the proceedings of the law courts., 190. Newton wrote this letter yesterday., (a) Yesterday was written letter by Newton., (b) This letter is written by Newton Yesterday., (c) This letter was written by Newton yesterday., (d) This letter was wrote by Newton yesterday., 70, , English – from Plinth to Paramount

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Passive Voice, , 191. An awareness is being created among the people by the Government about the, importance of trees., (a) The Government is creating an awareness among the people about the, importance of trees., (b) The Government are creating an awareness among the people about the, importance of trees., (c) The Government creates an awareness among the people about the, importance of trees., (d) The Government created an awareness among the people about the, importance of trees., 192. Ads on TV increase the sale of any commodity., (a) The sale of any commodity is being increased by ads on TV., (b) The sale of any commodity are increased by ads on TV., (c) The sale of any commodity are being increased by ads on TV., (d) The sale of any commodity is increased by ads on TV., 193. The Indian Government is encouraging the Europeans to visit India., (a) The Europeans are encouraged by the Indian Government to visit India., (b) The Europeans are encouraging by the Indian Government to visit India., (c) The Europeans are being encouraged by the Indian Government to visit India., (d) The Europeans is being encouraged by the Indian Government to visit India., 194. He handed her a chair., (a) She was handed a chair by him., (b) He handed a chair to her., (c) He will hand a chair to her., (d) A chair will be handed to her by him., 195. Call the police at once., (a) Let the police be called at once., (b) The police was to be called at once., (c) The police is to be called at once., (d) Let the police called at once., 196. Post the letter., (a) The letter is posted., (b) The letter was posted., (c) Let the letter be posted., (d) The letter will be posted., 197. Who painted it?, (a) It was painted?, (b) Was it painted?, (c) Had it been painted by?, (d) By whom was it painted?, English – from Plinth to Paramount, , 71

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Passive Voice, , (b) Binoculars plural noun gSA vr%, binoculars ds lkFkplural verb dk iz;ksx gksxkA, (c) Police plural noun gSA vr%, plural ds lkFkplural verb dk iz;ksx gksxkA, (b) okD; 16 dh O;k[;k ns[ksaA, (a) tc nkssubjects dks'and not' ls tksM+k tkrk gS, verb, 'thevr%, rks1st sub ds vuqlkj iz;qDr gksrk gSA, captain' ds vuqlkjverb 'is' dk iz;ksx gksuk pkfg,A, 174. (b) tc nkssub dks'neither.....nor' ls tksM+k tkrk gS, verb, rksutnhd okyssubject ds vuqlkj iz;qDr, gksrk gSA verb, vr% 'State Governments' (Plural noun) ds vuqlkj iz;qDr gksxkA, 168., 169., 171., 173., , SPOTTING THE ERROR, 1., 2., 3., 4., 5., 6., 7., 8., 9., 10., 11., 12., 13., 14., 15., 16., 17., 18., 19., , (a) The officers/ (b) who were on inspection in this factory / (c) were discovered many, discripancies. /(d) No error., (a) The teacher asked / (b) the students whether they could/ (c) tell the name of, the man who had been invented steam engine. / (d) No error., (a) He held a bomb / (b) in his hand which was totally hiding / (c) in the long cloak, that he was wearing. / (d) No error., (a) I was surprise / (b) at his brazenness/ (c) as he was considerd an obedient student, / (d) No error., (a) Had the police not/ (b) reached here / (c) on time, the traders would have robbed ., / (d) No error., (a)He seriously wounded / (b) during the cross fire and / (c) was rushed to hospital / (d), No error., (a) Police Officers sent / (b) to the theatre and every nook and corner /(c) was, throughly checked. /(d) No error., (a) When the minister was shot dead,/ (b) people were run here and there / (c) to, save themselves. /(d) No error., (a) Mother's milk / (b) cannot substituted by / (c) any thing else./(d) No error., (a) When the thief broke into their house / (b) they raised a hue and cry / (c) and the, thief caught immediately by the people. / (d) No error, (a)The city / (b) was tore / (c) by riots./(d) No error., (a) It was suggested / (b) by him that the baby / (c) should be immediately taken, care. / (d) No error., (a) The truck driver was accused / (b) the lady for walking / (c) in the middle of the, road./(d) No error., (a) Some passengers / (b) were flew/ (c) to Paris on the last trip./(d) No error., (a) By the time he arrived, / (b) everybody had / (c) been gone./(d) No error., (a) I am extremely annoyed / (b) by/ (c) the mismanagement./(d) No error., (a) The mall was / (b) engulfed/ (c) by the fire/ (d) No error., (a) It believed earlier / (b) that the sun/ (c) revolved round the earth./(d) No error., (a) As she was wearing / (b) skimpy clothes/ (c) she was stared./(d) No error., , English – from Plinth to Paramount, , 73

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Narration, , EXCLAMATORY SENTENCES (foLe;kfncks/d okD;), She said, "Alas! I am undone.", She exclaimed with sorrow that she was undone., , EXCLAMATORY SENTENCES dksDIRECT lsINDIRECTSPEECH esa ifjorZu djus ds fu;e, 1., , changes to, (a) Said + Alas ! ,  exclaimed with sorrow., changes to, Said + Hurray ! ,  exclaimed with joy, , changes to, Said + Fi ! / Ugh ! ,  exclaimed with despise/disgust., changes to, Said + Wow ! ,  exclaimed with joy., changes to, Said + Oh ! ,  exclaimed with surprise / regret., , dk iz;ksx djsa, bR;kfn esa, ifjorZu fu;ekuqlkjgksaxsA, , 2., , Conjunction 'that', , 3., , Tense, pronoun, , Examples:, 1., She said, "Hurray ! we have won this match.", She exclaimed with joy that they had won that match., 2., She said, "How beautiful is the rain!", She exclaimed with joy that the rain was very beautiful., 3., He said,"Bravo ! you have done well.", He applauded him saying that he had done well, 4., She said, "What a pleasant surprise!", She exclaimed that it was a pleasant surprise., , OPTATIVE SENTENCES (bPNklwpd okD;), He said, "May God bless you.", He prayed that God might bless me., , OPTATIVE SENTENCES dks DIRECT ls INDIRECT SPEECH esa ifjofrZr djus ds fu;e, 1., 2., 3., , dks'wished' vFkok'prayed' esa ifjofrZr djsaA, Conjunction 'that' dk iz;ksx djsaA, Tense, pronoun bR;kfn esa fu;ekuqlkj ifjorZu djsaA, 'Said', , Examples:, 1., She said, "May, God pardon him.", She prayed that God might pardon him., 2., They said, "long live the king.", They prayed that the king might live long., 80, , English – from Plinth to Paramount

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Narration, , PRACTICE SET, Directions: A sentence has been given in direct/Indirect form. Out of the four, alternatives suggested, select the one which best expresses the same sentence in, Indirect/Direct form., 1. “Call the first witness”, said the Judge., (a) The judge commanded to call the first witness., (b) The judge commanded them to call the first witness., (c) The judge commanded that the first witness be called., (d) The judge commanded the first witness to be called., 2. The queen said to her son, “You must go to the forest and remain there till your, father calls you back.”, (a) The queen ordered her son to go to the forest and remain there till his father, calls him back., (b) The queen told her son that he must go to the forest and remain there till his, father called him back., (c) The queen told his son that you must go to the forest and remain there till your, father called you back., (d) The queen told her son to go to the forest and remained there till his father, called him back., 3. I said to her, “All your faults will be pardoned if you confess them.”, (a) I told her that all her faults will be pardoned if you confess them., (b) I told her that all her faults would be pardoned if she confessed them., (c) I told her that all her faults will have to be pardoned if she confessed them., (d) I told her that all her faults would have to be pardoned if she confessed them., 4. He said to Sita, “When do you intend to pay back the money you borrowed from me?”, (a) He enquired Sita when did she intend to pay back the money she borrowed from him., (b) He enquired Sita when she intended to pay back the money she borrowed from him., (c) He enquired Sita when she intended to pay back the money she had borrowed, from him., (d) He enquired when Sita intended to pay back the money she borrowed from him., 5. “Let’s give a party”, said Jaya., “Let’s not”, said her husband., (a) Jaya suggested giving a party but her husband answered in the negative., (b) Jaya suggested giving a party but her husband opposed the idea., (c) Jaya suggested giving a party but her husband contradicted her., (d) Jaya suggested giving a party but her husband refused., 6. The old man of Latur said, “Alas! my only son is dead.”, (a) The old man of Latur exclaimed with sorrow that his only son was dead., (b) The old man of Latur told with pain that his only son was dead., 82, , English – from Plinth to Paramount

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Narration, , 7., , 8., , 9., , 10., , 11., , 12., , 13., , (c) The old man of Lature expressed with anguish that his only son was dead., (d) The old man of Latur sorrowfully narrated that his only son was dead., She said to the girl, “Did you do this ?”, (a) She asked the girl that she did that., (b) She asked the girl if she did that., (c) She asked the girl if she had done that., (d) She told the girl that she had done that., “Many happy returns of your birthday”, we said., (a) We greeted him on his birthday., (b) We said that many happy returns of your birthday., (c) We wished him many happy returns of his birthday., (d) We prayed for many happy returns of his birthday., “Doctor”, the patient cried, “please tell me how much time I have.”, (a) The patient pleaded the doctor how much time he will have., (b) The patient exclaimed to the doctor that how much time he had., (c) The patient pleaded with the doctor to tell him how much time he had., (d) The patient cried to the doctor that how much time had he., “So help me Heaven!” he cried, “I never steal again.”, (a) He wanted Heaven to help him so that he would never steal again., (b) She exclaimed to heaven that he would never steal again., (c) He exclaimed heaven to help him that he would never steal again., (d) He called upon heaven to witness his resolve never to steal again., She said, “I’ll give you Rs. 100/- to keep your mouth shut.”, (a) She said that she would give him Rs. 100/- to keep his mouth shut., (b) She offered him Rs. 100/- to keep his mouth shut., (c) She suggested to him that she would give him Rs. 100/- to keep his mouth shut., (d) She proposed that she would give him Rs. 100/- to keep his mouth shut., From one of the windows of my flat I can see the Qutub Minar’, said my friend., (a) My friend told that from one of the windows of his flat he could see the Qutub Minar., (b) My friend said that from one of the windows of his flat he can see the Qutub Minar., (c) My friend said that from one of the windows of his flat he could see the Qutub Minar., (d) My friend told that from one of the windows of his flat he can see the Qutub Minar., The teacher said to the student, “Why were you absent yesterday?”, (a) The teacher asked the student why had been he absent the previous day., (b) The teacher asked the student why had he been absent the previous day., (c) The teacher informed the student that why he had been absent the next day., (d) The teacher asked the student why he had been absent the previous day., , English – from Plinth to Paramount, , 83

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Narration, , 14. The teacher said to Ashok, “I shall report the matter to the Principal if you, misbehave again.”, (a) The teacher told Ashok that he would be reporting the matter to the Principal if, he misbehaved again., (b) The teacher warned Ashok that he would report the matter to the Principal if, he misbehaved again., (c) The teacher threatened Ashok to report the matter to the Principal if he, misbehave again., (d) The teacher cautioned Ashok about reporting the matter to the Principal if he, misbehaved again., 15. “Fi! A soldier and afraid of fighting!” said Babar., (a) Babar exclaimed with surprise that a soldier should be afraid of fighting., (b) Addressing a soldier, Babar cursed him that he should be afraid of fighting., (c) Babar cursed the soldier who was afraid of fighting., (d) Babar cursed and exclaimed that a soldier should not be afraid of fighting., 16. The teacher said to Ram, “Would you like to go on a trip to Kashmir?”, Ram said, “Yes.”, (a) The teacher asked if Ram would like to go on a trip to Kashmir and Ram replied yes., (b) The teacher asked Ram if he would like to go on a trip to Kashmir and Ram replied yes., (c) The teacher asked Ram if he would have like to go on a trip to Kashmir and, Ram replied in the affirmative., (d) The teacher asked Ram if he would like to go on a trip to Kashmir and Ram, replied in the affirmative., 17. Everybody said, “How well she sings!”, (a) Everybody told us that she sings very well., (b) Everybody exclaimed that she sings very well., (c) Everybody exclaimed that she sang very well., (d) Everybody told us that how she sang very well., 18. “Suppose your children go out for a nice long walk”, she said., (a) She proposed that his children went out for a nice long walk., (b) She advised that his children go out for a nice long walk ., (c) She suggested that his children go out for a nice long walk., (d) She suggested that his children should go out for a nice long walk., 19. I said, “When it gets dark, light the lantern and hang it out.”, (a) I said that when it got dark he light the lantern and hung it out., (b) I requested that when it got dark he may light the lantern and hang it out., (c) I said that when it got dark he should light the lantern and hung it out., (d) I said that when it got dark he should light the lantern and hang it out., 20. “Do as you wish, but don’t come and ask me for help if you get into difficulties.”,, He said to me, 84, , English – from Plinth to Paramount

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Narration, , 21., , 22., , 23., , 24., , 25., , 26., , 27., , (a) He told me to do as he wished or he wouldn’t come and help me if I got into difficulties., (b) He told me to do as I wished, but not to come and ask him for help if I got into difficulties., (c) He ordered me to do as I wished, but not to come and ask him for help if I got, into difficulties., (d) He told me that unless I did as I wished he would not come and help me if I got, into difficulties., “May you live long and prosper”, said the old lady to her son., (a) The old lady blessed her son with long life and wished him prosperity., (b) The old lady prayed for her son’s long life and prosperity., (c) The old lady prayed for her son and said that he might live long and prosper., (d) The old lady blessed her son and prayed for his long life and prosperity., Socrates said, “Virtue is its own reward.”, (a) Socrates said that virtue had its own rewards., (b) Socrates says that virtue is its own reward., (c) Socrates said that virtue is its own reward., (d) Socrates said that virtue was its own reward., He said to the interviewer, “Could you please repeat the question?”, (a) He requested the interviewer if he could please repeat the question., (b) He requested the interviewer to please repeat the question., (c) He requested the interviewer to repeat the question., (d) He requested the interviewer if he could repeat the question., He said, “It used to be a lovely, quiet street.”, (a) He said that it used to be a lovely, quiet street., (b) He pointed out that it had used to be a lovely, quiet street., (c) He said that there used to be a lovely, quiet street., (d) He inquired whether there was a lovely, quiet street., The Prime Minister said that no one would be allowed to disturb the peace., (a) The Prime Minister said, “We shall not allow any one to disturb the peace.”, (b) The Prime Minister said, “We would not allow any one to disturb the peace.”, (c) The Prime Minister said, “No one will disturb the peace.”, (d) The Prime Minister said, “No one can disturb the peace.”, The spectators said, “Bravo ! Well done, players.”, (a) The spectators shouted that the players were doing very well., (b) The spectators exclaimed with joy that the players were doing very well., (c) The spectators applauded the players saying that they had done well., (d) The spectators applauded the players joyfully to do well., I said to my friend, “Good Morning.Let us go for a picnic today.”, (a) I told good morning to my friend and asked to go for a picnic that day., (b) I wished my friend good morning and proposed that we should go for a picnic that day., (c) I wished my friend good morning and proposed that they should go for a picnic, , English – from Plinth to Paramount, , 85

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Narration, , 28., , 29., , 30., , 31., , 32., , 33., , 34., , 35., 86, , that day., (d) I told good morning to my friend and suggested to go for a picnic today., The new student asked the old one, “Do you know my name?”, (a) The new student asked the old one if he knew his name., (b) The new student asked the old one that whether he knew his names., (c) The new student asked the old one did he know his name., (d) The new student asked the old one if he knows his name., I warned her that I could no longer tolerate her coming late., (a) I said to her, “You can no longer tolerate my coming late.”, (b) I said to her, “I can no longer tolerate your coming late.”, (c) I said to her, “He can no longer tolerate her coming late”., (d) I said to her, “I can no longer tolerate she coming late.”, I said to my mother, “I will certainly take you to Bangalore this week.”, (a) I told my mother he would certainly take her to Bangalore that week., (b) I told my mother that I would certainly take her to Bangalore that week., (c) I told my mother that she would certainly take her to Bangalore that week., (d) I told to my mother that I would take you to Bangalore that week., “How clever of you to have solved the puzzle so quickly!” said the mother., (a) The mother exclaimed admiringly that it was very clever of him to have solved, the puzzle so quickly., (b) The mother expressed that he was so clever to have solved the puzzle quickly., (c) The mother told that he was very clever in solving the puzzle so quickly., (d) The mother exclaimed with joy that he was clever enough to solve the puzzle so quickly., He said that he went for a walk every morning., (a) He said, “I went for a walk every morning”., (b) He said, “I go for a walk every morning”., (c) He said, “I will go for a walk morning”., (d) He said, “he went for a walk every morning”., I reiterated, “I don’t care about the job”., (a) I reiterated I didn’t care about the job., (b) I said again and again I didn’t care about the job., (c) I reiterated that I did not care about the job., (d) I repeatedly said that I cared about the job., I said to my brother, “Let us go to some hill station for a change.”, (a) I suggested to my brother that they should go to some hill station for a change., (b) I suggested to my brother that we should go to some hill station for a change., (c) I suggested to my brother that let us go to some hill station for a change., (d) I suggested to my brother that let them go to some hill station for a change., I wondered how many discoveries went unheeded., (a) I said, “How many discoveries have gone unheeded?”, English – from Plinth to Paramount

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Narration, , 36., , 37., , 38., , 39., , 40., , 41., , 42., , (b) I said, “How many discoveries went unheeded?”, (c) I said, “Do discoveries go unheeded?”, (d) I said, “How many discoveries go unheeded?”, Gopan said to me, “Can you do these sums for me?”, (a) Gopan asked me if I could do those sums for him., (b) Gopan asked me if I can do those sums for him., (c) Gopan asked me if I can do those sums for him., (d) Gopan asked if I could do these sums for him., The boss said, “It’s time we began planning our work”., (a) The boss said that it was time they had begun planning their work., (b) The boss said that it was time we had began planning our work., (c) The boss said that it was time they began planning their work., (d) The boss said that it was time we began planning his work., He said to the judge, “I did not commit this crime.”, (a) He told the judge that he did not commit the crime., (b) The told the judge that he had not committed the crime., (c) He told the judge that he had not committed that crime., (d) He told the judge that he had not committed this crime., Rahul said, “I will do it now or never”., (a) Rahul said that he will do it now or never., (b) Rahul said that he will now or never do it., (c) Rahul said that he would do it then or never., (d) Rahul said that he would now or never do it., My father once said to me, “If I can’t trust my people, then I don’t want to be, doing this.”, (a) His father once told him that if he couldn’t trust his people then he didn’t want, to be doing that., (b) My father once told me that if he couldn’t trust his people then he didn’t want to, be doing that., (c) My father once told me that if he couldn’t trust my people then he didn’t want to, be doing that., (d) My father once told me that if he couldn’t trust his people then he didn’t want to, be doing this., Doshi said to his wife, “Please select one of these necklaces.”, (a) Doshi requested his wife to select one of these necklaces., (b) Doshi said to his wife to please select one of these necklaces., (c) Doshi told his wife to please select one of these necklaces., (d) Doshi requested his wife to select one of those necklaces., He wrote in his report, “The rainfall has been scanty till now.”, (a) He reported that the rainfall has been scanty till now., , English – from Plinth to Paramount, , 87

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Narration, , 43., , 44., , 45., , 46., , 47., , 48., , (b) He reported that the rainfall had been scanty till now., (c) He reported that the rainfall has been scantly till then., (d) He reported that the rainfall had been scanty till then., “Govind,” said the manager sternly, “I command you to tell me what the old, man said.”, (a) The manager sternly commanded Govind to tell him what the old man had said., (b) The manager commanded sternly to Govind to tell him what the old man had to say., (c) The manager commanded Govind to tell him what the old man said., (d) The manager told Govind to tell him what the old man said., He says, “I am going to the market now.”, (a) He says that he is going to the market now., (b) He said that he was going to the market then., (c) He says that he was going to the market then., (d) He said that he was going to the market now., She said to Rita, “Please help me with my homework.”, (a) She requested Rita to help her in her homework., (b) Rita requested her to help her with her homework., (c) She requested Rita to help her with her homework., (d) She requested Rita to help her homework., He said to me, “Do not run after money and then you will see money running, after you.”, (a) He told to me that I did not run after money and then I would see money running me., (b) He advised me not to run after money and then I would see money running, after me., (c) He warned me not to run after money and then I will see money running after me., (d) He warned me not to run after money and then money would run after me., He said to me, “Do you know English?”, (a) He asked me if I did know English., (b) He asked me if I knew English., (c) he asked me that if I know English., (d) He asked me if I know English., My father said to me, “Bravo! You have done well.”, (a) My father applauded me saying that I had done well., (b) My father applauded me saying that I have done well., (c) My father applauded me saying that I did well., (d) My father applauded me saying that you had done well., , 49. Tom said that he had had a strange experience the day before., (a) Tom said, “I have a strange experience yesterday.”, 88, , English – from Plinth to Paramount

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Narration, , (b) Tom said, “I have had a strange experience yesterday.”, (c) Tom said, “I had a strange experience yesterday.”, (d) Tom said, “I had had a strange experience yesterday.”, 50. Our teacher said to us, “I am not going to tolerate your nonsense anymore.”, (a) Our teacher warned us that she is not going to tolerate our nonsense anymore., (b) Our teacher warned us that she was not going to tolerate our nonsense anymore., (c) Our teacher told us that she was not going to be tolerate our nonsense anymore., (d) Our teacher said that she was not going to tolerate our nonsense anymore, 51. Sheela said, “I am going to finish this work now before I start a new work, tomorrow.”, (a) Sheela told me that she was going to finish that work then before she started a, new work the next day., (b) Sheela said that she was going to finish that work then before she started a, new work the next day., (c) Sheela said that she is going to finish that work then before she started a new, work the next day., (d) Sheela told that she was going to finish that work then before she started a new, work the next day., 52. "Do you suppose you know better than your own father?" shouted her angry, mother., (a) Her angry mother shouted and asked that she supposed whether she knew, better than her own father., (b) Her angry mother shouted and asked that she supposed that she knew better, than her own father., (c) Her angry mother shouted whether she supposed that she known better than, her own father., (d) Her angry mother shouted and asked her whether she supposed that she knew, better than her own father., 53. "So help me, Heaven !" he cried "I will never drive recklessly"., (a) He called upon Heaven to see his resolve never to drive recklessly., (b) He called upon Heaven to witness his resolve never to drive recklessly., (c) He called upon Heaven to witness his resolved never to drive recklessly., (d) He ordered Heaven to witness his resolve never to drive recklessly., 54. The dwarf said to her, “Promise me that when you are a queen you will give me, your first-born child.", (a) The draft advised her to promised that when she was a queen she would give, him her first born child., (b) The draft requested her to promise that when she had been a queen she would, give him her first born child., (c) The draft requested her to promise that when she is a queen she would give, English – from Plinth to Paramount, , 89

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Narration, , him her first born child., (d) The draft asked her to promise him that when she was a queen she would give, him her first born child., 55. "Dear bird", she said, stroking its feathers, "have you come to comfort me in my, sorrow?", (a) Stroking the bird’s feathers, she asked affectionately that she had come to, comfort her in her sorrow., (b) Stroking the bird’s feathers, she asked affectionately whether it had come to, comfort in her sorrow., (c) Stroking the bird’s feathers, she asked affectionately whether they had come to, comfort her in her sorrow., (d) Stroking the bird’s feathers, she asked affectionately whether it had come to, comfort her in her sorrow., 56. He said, "My God ! I am ruined.", (a) He exclaimed sadly that he was ruined., (b) He exclaimed that he was ruined., (c) He exclaimed sadly that he had been ruined., (d) He exclaimed sadly that he ruined., 57. "Ah me!"exclaimed the man, "What a rash and bloody deed you have done!", (a) The man exclaimed that he had done a very rash and bloody deed., (b) The man exclaimed sadly that he had done a very rash and bloody deed., (c) The man exclaimed with sorry that you had done a very rash and bloody deed., (d) The man exclaimed with sorrow that they had done a very rash and bloody deed., 58. Bhishma said, "Boys! Boys! Remember you are playing a game. If it be Arjuna’s, turn let him have it.", (a) Bhishma asked the boys to remembered that they were playing a game. If it, was Arjuna’s turn he must have it., (b) Bhishma asked the boys to remembered that they were playing a game. If it is, Arjuna’s turn he must have it., (c) Bhishma asked the boys to remember that they were playing a game. If it was, Arjuna’s turn he must have it., (d) Bhishma asked the boys to remember that we were playing a game. If it was, Arjuna’s turn he must have it., 59. "What are you doing, grandma?"said the little boy. "I’m planting saplings, my, little prince." "Ah, how interesting! Let me try , if I can also do so.", (a) The little boy said to his grandma what she was doing. She replied affectionately, that she was planting saplings. The boy exclaimed that it was very interesting, and wanted to try if he could also do so., (b) The little boy asked his grandma what she was doing. She replied affectionately, 90, , English – from Plinth to Paramount

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Narration, , that she was planting saplings. The boy exclaimed that it was very interesting, and wanted to try if he could also do so., (c) The little boy asked his grandma that she was doing. She replied affectionately, that she was planting saplings. The boy exclaimed that it was very interesting, and wanted to try if he could also do so., (d) The little boy asked his grandma what was she doing. She replied affectionately, that she was planting saplings. The boy exclaimed that it was very interesting, and wanted to try if he could also do so., 60. "You say," said the judge, "that the bag you lost contained one hundred and ten, pounds". "Yes, your honour," replied the cheat. "Then as this one contains one, hundred pounds it cannot be yours.", (a) The judge asked the cheat if the bag he had lost contained one hundred and ten, pounds. The cheat replied respectfully in the affirmative. Then the judge, concluded that as that one contained one hundred pounds it could not be his., (b) The judge ordered the cheat if the bag he had lost contained one hundred and, ten pounds. The cheat replied respectfully in the affirmative. Then the judge, concluded that as that one contained one hundred pounds it could not be his., (c) The judge ordered the cheat that the bag he had lost contained one hundred, and ten pounds. The cheat replied respectfully in the affirmative. Then the, judge concluded that as that one contained one hundred pounds it could not be, his., (d) The judge asked the cheat that the bag he had lost contained one hundred and, ten pounds. The cheat replied in the affirmative. Then the judge concluded as, this one contained one hundred pounds it could not be his., 61. The child said, ‘Mommy, can you bring the moon for me?’ Mommy said, ‘No.’, (a) The child asked his mommy if she could bring the moon for him. Mommy replied, in the negative., (b) The child told his mommy if she could bring the moon for him. Mommy replied, in the negative., (c) The child asked his mommy if she could bring the moon for him. Mommy replied, no., (d) The child said to his mommy that she could bring the moon for him. Mommy, replied in the negative., 62. He said, "Fi!" and vomited, (a) He exclaimed with disgust and had vomited, (b) He exclaimed with disgust and vomited, (c) He exclaimed with sorrow and vomited, (d) He exclaimed with disgust and then had vomited, English – from Plinth to Paramount, , 91

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Narration, , 63. The captain said to the soldiers, " Stand at ease.", (a) The captain commanded the soldiers to stand at ease., (b) The captain said the soldiers to stand at ease., (c) The captain told the soldiers to stand at ease., (d) The captain commanded the soldiers that they stand at ease., 64. "I can show no mercy," said the king, "except permitting you to choose what, kind of death you wish to die.", (a) The king asked that he could show no mercy except permitting him to choose, what kind of death he wished to die., (b) The king advised that he could show no mercy except permitting him to choose, what kind of death he wished to die., (c) The king ordered that he could show no mercy except permitting him to choose, what kind of death he wished to die., (d) The king said that he could show no mercy except permitting him to choose, what kind of death he wished to die., 65. Kausalya said to Rama, " Do not desire, O my child, to possess the stars, because, they are thousands of miles off.”, (a) Kaushalya forbade her child Rama to desire to possess the stars because they, were thousands of miles off., (b) Kaushalya requested her child Rama to desire to possess the stars because, they were thousands of miles off., (c) Kaushalya ordered her child Rama to not desire to possess the stars because, they were thousands of miles off., (d) Kaushalya said to her child Rama not to desire to possess the stars because, they were thousands of miles off., 66. “What a stupid fellow you are!” she remarked., (a) She exclaimed that what a stupid fellow he was., (b) She exclaimed that he was a very stupid fellow., (c) She exclaimed in disgust how he could be so stupid., (d) She asked him what a stupid fellow he was, 67. The police said to the thief, “Don’t move.”, (a) The police ordered the thief not to move., (b) The police ordered the thief that he should not move., (c) The police told the thief that he did not move., (d) The police ordered to the thief to not move., 68. He said, “I am going to college just now.”, (a) He said that he was going to college just now., (b) He asked that he was going to college just then., (c) He said that he was going to college just then., (d) He asked that he was going to college just now., 92, , English – from Plinth to Paramount

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Narration, , 69. The teacher said to the student “Can you explain this?”, (a) The teacher asked the student whether he can explain this., (b) The teacher asked the student whether he can explain that., (c) The teacher asked the student whether he could explain this., (d) The teacher asked the student whether he could explain that., 70. Ramu said, “My master is planning to build a huge house in Khandala.”, (a) Ramu said that his master planned to build a huge house in Khandala., (b) Ramu said that his master is planning to build a huge house in Khandala., (c) Ramu said that his master’s plan is to build a huge house in Khandala., (d) Ramu said that his master was planning to build a huge house in Khandala., 71. Nandita said to Nitin, “Can you solve this sum?", (a) Nandita asked Nitin if could he solve this sum., (b) Nandita asked Nitin if could he solve that sum., (c) Nandita asked Nitin if he could solve this sum., (d) Nandita asked Nitin if he could solve that sum., 72. He said, “How lovely the scene is!”, (a) He exclaimed that the scene is very lovely., (b) He exclaimed that how the scene was lovely., (c) He exclaimed that the scene was very lovely., (d) He exclaimed that the scene is indeed lovely., 73. Bill said, “I am here to help you all.”, (a) Bill said that he is here to help you all., (b) Bill said that he was there to help us all., (c) Bill said that he was here to help us all., (d) Bill said that he is there to help us all., 74. The kids yelled in a loud voice, “We love our family.”, (a) The kids yelled loudly that they love our family., (b) The kids yelled in a loud voice that they loved their family., (c) The kids yelled in a loud voice that they loved our family., (d) The kids were shouting loudly that they loved their family., 75. He said to me, “Please visit my company tomorrow”., (a) He said to me to visit his company tomorrow., (b) He requested me to visit his company tomorrow., (c) He requested me to visit his company the next day., (d) He said to me to visit his company the next day., 76. He said, “My parents are arriving tomorrow”., (a) He said that his parents are arriving the next day., (b) He said that his parents were arriving the next day., (c) He said that his parents are arriving tomorrow., (d) He said that his parents have arrived the next day., English – from Plinth to Paramount, , 93

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Narration, , 77. He said, “How cruel of him!”, (a) He remarked that it was very cruel of him., (b) He remarked on his great cruelty., (c) He remark that it was very cruel of him., (d) He remarked that it is very cruel of him., 78. “How did it get here?” She wanted to know., (a) She wanted to know how did it get here., (b) She wanted to know how it had got there., (c) She wanted to know how did it got there., (d) She wanted to know how it get there., 79. The author said, “It took me three years to finish the novel.”, (a) The author said that it took him three years to finish the novel., (b) The author said that it had taken me three years to finish the novel., (c) The author said that it would take him three years to finish the novel, (d) The author said that it had taken him three years to finish the novel., 80. “Go away!” she said to the man, “do not trouble your family anymore”., (a) She asked the man to go away and not trouble the family any more., (b) She asked the man not to trouble the family that was away, any more., (c) She asked the man not to trouble your family any more and go away., (d) She asked the man to go away and not to trouble his family any more., 81. He asked me, “Have you finished reading the magazine?”, (a) He asked me whether I had finished reading the magazine., (b) He asked me if had I finished reading the magazine., (c) He asked me if I have finished reading the magazine., (d) He asked me whether I finished reading the magazine., 82. He said, “We have done our work.”, (a) He said that he had done his work., (b) He said that they have done their work., (c) He said that they had done their work., (d) He said that they should do their work., 83. “I’m sorry I’m unable to repay the loan in time,” said the customer., (a) The customer regrets that he was unable to repay the loan in time., (b) The customer regretted that he is unable to repay the loan in time., (c) The customer regretted that he was unable to repay the loan in time., (d) The customer said that he could be unable to repay the loan in time., 84. “Please, take me to the officer,” said the visitor., (a) The visitor requested them to take him to the officer., (b) The visitor told them to take him to the officer., (c) The visitor requested for the officer to be taken., (d) The visitor wanted the officer to take him there., 94, , English – from Plinth to Paramount

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Narration, , 85. Nitin said, “What a pleasant atmosphere this place has!”, (a) Nitin exclaimed with joy that that place was a pleasant atmosphere., (b) Nitin exclaimed with joy that was a pleasant atmosphere in that place., (c) Nitin exclaimed with joy that that place had a pleasant atmosphere., (d) Nitin exclaimed with joy that what a pleasant atmosphere that place had., 86. Aarti said, “I am in a hurry today.”, (a) Aarti said that she was in a hurry that day., (b) Aarti said that I am in a hurry today., (c) Aarti said that she is in a hurry today., (d) Aarti said that she is in a hurry that day., 87. They said, “We are practising for the next match.”, (a) They said that they are practising for the next match., (b) They said that they practised for the next match., (c) They said that they were practising for the next match., (d) They said they were going to practise for the next match., 88. He said, “ May you live long.”, (a) He suggested that my life might be long., (b) He prayed that my life might be long., (c) He prayed that my life may be longer., (d) He declared that my life is longer., 89. “When did you meet my brother?” She asked me., (a) She wanted to know when did I meet her brother., (b) She asked when did I meet my brother., (c) She asked me when I had met her brother., (d) She wants to know when I had met my brother., 90. Ruby requested me to lend her Rs. 1000 the next day., (a) Ruby said to me, “Please lend me Rs. 1000 the next day.”, (b) Ruby said to me, “Please lend her Rs. 1000 the next day.”, (c) Ruby said to me, “Please lend her Rs. 1000 tomorrow.”, (d) Ruby said to me, “Please lend me Rs. 1000 tomorrow.”, 91. “You’d better leave the dog along,” the man said., (a) The man said to me to leave the dog alone., (b) The man told me to better leave the dog alone., (c) the man warned me to leave the dog alone., (d) The man said I should leave the dog alone., 92. “I’d have enjoyed the journey more if the man next to me hadn’t snored all the, time,” said John., (a) John said that he enjoyed the journey but the man next to me snored., (b) John said that he would have enjoyed the journey more if the man next to him, hadn’t snored all the time., English – from Plinth to Paramount, , 95

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Narration, , 93., , 94., , 95., , 96., , 97., , 98., , 99., , 96, , (c) John said that he would have enjoyed the journey if the next man hadn’t snored, all the time., (d) John said that he would have enjoyed the journey if the man next to him did not, snore., A poet said, “The night is dark and I am far from home.”, (a) A poet said that the night was dark and he was far from home., (b) A poet told his friend that the night is dark and that he is far from home., (c) The friend was told by the poet that the night was dark and he was far from home., (d) A poet said that the night is dark and he is far from home., The players reported that the spectators were cheering while they were playing., (a) “The spectators have been cheering while we played.”, said the players., (b) “The spectators cheered while we were playing.”, said the players., (c) “The spectators were cheering while we were playing.”, said the players., (d) “The spectators played while we cheered.”, said the players., She requested the boys to listen to what she was saying., (a) She said to the boys, “Please listen to what I am saying.”, (b) I said to the boys, “Listen to what I am saying.”, (c) She said, “Boys, listen to what I was saying.”, (d) She said, “I requested you to listen to what I am saying.”, “Do you want balloons ?” he said to the child., (a) He asked the child if it wanted balloons., (b) He asked the child whether it had wanted balloons., (c) He asked the child did it want balloons., (d) He asked the child if it would want balloons., She said, “How ugly I look in this dress!”, (a) She said that how ugly she was looking in that dress., (b) She exclaimed how ugly she looked in that dress., (c) She expressed how ugly she looked in that dress., (d) She exclaimed that she looked very ugly in that dress., She said “You can leave the books here.”, (a) She said that they can leave the books there., (b) She said that they could leave the books there., (c) She said that they can leave the books here., (d) She said that they could leave the books here., My friend said “I am leaving today.”, (a) My friend said that he is leaving today., (b) My friend said that he was leaving today., (c) My friend said that he leaves today., (d) My friend said that he was leaving that day., English – from Plinth to Paramount

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Narration, , 100. Mukta said to Puneet, “My mother is a good cook.”, (a) Mukta told Puneet that her mother was a good cook., (b) Mukta told Puneet that my mother was a good cook., (c) Mukta told to Puneet that her mother is a good cook., (d) Mukta asked Puneet that her mother is a good cook., 101. The commander said to the army, “March forward”., (a) The commander asked the army march forward., (b) The commander ordered the army to march forward., (c) The commander requested the army to go forward., (d) The army requested the commander to march., 102. He promised, “I will do it tomorrow.”, (a) He promised that he will do it tomorrow., (b) He promised that he will do it the next day., (c) He promised that he would do it tomorrow., (d) He promised that he would do it the next day., 103. Geeta said, “I did not do this deliberately.”, (a) Geeta said that I had not done that deliberately., (b) Geeta said that she had not done that deliberately., (c) Geeta said that she has not done this deliberately., (d) Geeta said that I have not done this deliberately., 104. She said, “I’m afraid we are rather late!”, (a) She exclaimed that they were frightened of being late., (b) She exclaimed that she was afraid that they were rather late., (c) She shouted that they were scared that they would be late., (d) She screamed that she was worried that they would all be late., 105. She said to me, “What can I do for you ?”, (a) She asked me what she could do for me., (b) She asked me what can she do for me., (c) She asked me what she can do for me., (d) She asked me whether she can do anything for me., 106. He said, ‘Alas! I am undone !’, (a) He said that it was his undoing., (b) He exclaimed pathetically that he was undone., (c) He stated that he was undone., (d) He cried that he was being undone., 107. “I shall unlock the secrets of their success,” he said., (a) He said that he shall unlock the secrets of their success., (b) He said that he should unlock the secrets of their success., (c) He said that he would unlock the secrets of their success., (d) He said that he will unlock the secrets of their success., English – from Plinth to Paramount, , 97

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Narration, , 108. “I wonder what he wants of us,” said Quint., (a) Quint said that he was wondering what he wanted of them., (b) Quint said that he wondered what he wanted of us., (c) Quint said he wondered what he wants of them., (d) Quint said that he wondered what he wanted of them., 109. Dinesh said, “I want to eat a good mango one of these days.”, (a) Dinesh said he wants to eat a good mango one of these days., (b) Dinesh said that he wanted to eat a good mango one of those days., (c) Dinesh said that he wants to eat a good mango one of those days., (d) Dinesh said that he wanted to eat a good mango one of these days., 110. He said, “I intend to leave for Delhi tonight.”, (a) He said that he will intend to leave for Delhi tonight., (b) lie said that he should intend to leave for Delhi that night., (c) He said that he intended to leave for Delhi that night., (d) He said that his intention is to leave for Delhi tonight., 111. He said, “The Sun rises in the east.”, (a) He said that the Sun rised in the east., (b) He said that the Sun rises in the east., (c) He said that the Sun will rise in the east., (d) He said that the Sun may rise in the east., 112. Ram asked Krishna, “Where are you going today?”, (a) Ram asked Krishna where he was going that day., (b) Ram asked Krishna as to where he was going on the previous day., (c) Ram asked Krishna where was he going the next day., (d) Ram asked Krishna where was he going the day before., 113. He said, “What a fool Tom is!”, (a) He exclaimed that he was a big fool., (b) He exclaimed that Tom was a big fool., (c) He wondered what kind of a fool Tom was., (d) He claimed that Tom was a big fool., 114. “What kind of scheme do you have ?” Amif said to the insurance agent., (a) Amit asked the insurance agent what kind of scheme he/she had., (b) Amit asked the insurance agent what kind of scheme he/she has., (c) Amit asked the insurance agent what kind of scheme he/she is having., (d) Amit asked the insurance agent what kind of scheme he/she was having., 115. The doctor said to the patient, “Take complete rest.”, (a) The doctor told to the patient that take complete rest., (b) The doctor advised the patient to take complete rest., (c) The doctor suggested the patient to take complete rest., (d) The doctor asked the patient take complete rest., 98, , English – from Plinth to Paramount

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Narration, , 116. Mini said to me, “I have bought this flat for my mother.”, (a) Mini told that she had bought that flat for her mother., (b) Mini said that she bought that flat for her mother., (c) Mini said she has bought that flat for her mother., (d) Mini told me that she had bought that flat for her mother., 117. He said, “I will come again.”, (a) He said that he will come again., (b) He says he is coming again., (c) He says he’ll come again., (d) He said that he would come again., 118. “Don’t do any more work until you have had a rest,” her mother said to her., (a) Her mother advised her not to do any more work until she has had a rest., (b) Her mother advised her not to do any more work until she had had a rest., (c) Her mother advised her that she not do any more work until she had had a rest., (d) Her mother advised her that she need not do any more work until she had had, a rest., 119. “Make me another suit like this,” he said to the tailor., (a) He asked the tailor to make him another suit like this., (b) He asks the tailor to make him another suit like this., (c) He told the tailor to make him another suit like that., (d) He told the tailor to make me another suit like this., 120. My Principal told me, “Don’t conduct any test tomorrow.”, (a) My Principal told me not to conduct any test tomorrow., (b) My Principal told me not to conduct any test tomorrow., (c) My Principal ordered me don’t conduct any test., (d) My Principal ordered me not to conduct any test the next day., 121. Kiran said to me, “Did you see the cricket match on television last night?, (a) Kiran asked me if I saw the cricket match on television the earlier night, (b) Kiran asked me if I had seen the cricket match on television the previous, night, , (c) Kiran asked me did I see the cricket match on television last night, (d) Kiran asked me whether I had seen the cricket match on television last night, 122. David said to Anna, “Mona will leave for her native place tomorrow.”, (a) David told Anna that Mona will leave for her native place tomorrow, (b) David told Anna that Mona left for her native place the next day, (c) David told to Anna that Mona would be leaving for her native place tomorrow, (d) David told Anna that Mona would leave for her native place the next day, 123. I said to him, “Why are you working so hard ?”, (a) I asked him why he was working so hard, (b) I asked him why was he working so hard, English – from Plinth to Paramount, , 99

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Narration, , 124., , 125., , 126., , 127., , 128., , 129., , 130., , 131., , 100, , (c) I asked him why he had been working so hard, (d) I asked him why had he been working so hard, Pooja said, “Ridhi, do you want another cake?”, (a) Pooja asked Ridhi do you want another cake., (b) Pooja asked Ridhi if she wanted another cake., (c) Pooja said to Ridhi you wanted another cake., (d) Pooja said if you wanted another cake., The tailor said to him, “Will you have the suit ready by tomorrow evening?”, (a) The tailor asked him that he will have the suit ready by the next evening, (b) The tailor asked him that he would had the suit ready by the next evening, (c) The tailor asked him if he would have the suit ready by the next evening, (d) The tailor asked him if he will like to have the suit ready by the next evening, He ordered his servant to do as he was told., (a) He ordered his servant, “Do as you are told.”, (b) He said to his servant, “Do as you are told.”, (c) He said to his servant, “Do as I told you.”, (d) He said to his servant, “Do as you were told.”, He said, “Be quiet and listen to my words.”, (a) He urged them to be quiet and listen to his words, (b) He urged them and said be quiet and listen to words, (c) He said they should be quiet and listen to his words, (d) He said you should be quiet and listen to my words, He said to me, “I have often told you not to play with fire.”, (a) He said that he has often been telling me not to play with fire, (b) He told me that he had often told me not to play with fire, (c) He reminded me that he often said to me not to play with fire, (d) He said to me that he often told me not to play with fire, “I have seen the film before” Sunita says., (a) Sunita said that she had seen the film before., (b) Sunita says that she has seen the film before., (c) Sunita said that the film was seen by her before., (d) Sunita said that she saw the film earlier., Pawan said to me, “If I hear any news, I’ll phone you.”, (a) Pawan told me that if he heard any news, he will phone me, (b) Pawan told me that if he will hear any news, he will phone me, (c) Pawan told me if he had heard any news, he would phone me, (d) Pawan told me that if he heard any news, he would phone me, The teacher said to Mahesh, “Congratulations ! Wish you success in life.”, (a) The teacher congratulated Mahesh and said wish you success in life, (b) The teacher wished congratulations and success in life to Mahesh, English – from Plinth to Paramount

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Narration, , 132., , 133., , 134., , 135., , 136., , 137., , 138., , 139., , (c) The teacher said congratulations to Mahesh and wished him success life, (d) The teacher congratulated Mahesh and wished him success in life, The poor examinee said, “O God! take pity on me.”, (a) The poor examinee prayed God to take pity on him, (b) The poor examinee, invoking God, implored him to take pity on him, (c) The poor examinee exclaimed that God take pity on him, (d) The poor examine asked God to take pity on him, “Where will you be tomorrow,” I said, “in case I have to ring you ?”, (a) I asked where you will be the next day in case I will ring him, (b) I asked where he would be the next day in case I had to ring him, (c) I said to him where he will be in case I have to ring him, (d) I enquired about his whereabouts the next day in case I would have to ring up, Seeta said to me, “Can you give me your pen ?”, (a) Seeta asked me can I give her my pen, (b) Seeta asked me if I can give me your pen, (c) Seeta asked me if I could give her my pen, (d) Seeta asked me if I gave her my pen, The father warned his son that he should be beware of him., (a) The father warned his son, “Beware of him !”, (b) The father warned his son, “Watch that chap !”, (c) The father warned his son, “Be careful about him.”, (d) The father warned his son, “Don’t fall into the trap.”, Manna said to Rohan, “Have you sat in a trolley bus before ?”, (a) Manna asked Rohan whether he had sat in a trolley bus earlier., (b) Manna asked Rohan had he sat in a trolley bus before., (c) Manna asked Rohan-if he sat on a trolley bus before., (d) Manna asked Rohan if he has ever sat in a trolley bus, Farhan said to Geeta, “Could you lend me a hundred rupees until tomorrow ?”, (a) Farhan asked Geeta whether she could lend him a hundred rupees until tomorrow., (b) Farhan asked Geeta whether she could lend him a hundred rupees until the next day., (c) Farhan asked Geeta whether she could lend me a hundred rupees until the next day., (d) Farhan asked whether Geeta could lend me a hundred rupees until the next day., “What about going for a swim,” he said, “It’s quite fine now.”, (a) He asked me what about going for a swim as it was quite fine then, (b) He proposed going for a swim as it was quite fine., (c) He suggested going for a swim as it was quite fine., (d) He advised me to go for a swim as it was quite fine., “You can’t bathe in this sea,” he said to me, “it’s very rough.”, (a) He said that I can’t bathe in this sea because it’s very rough., (b) He said that you couldn’t bathe in that sea if it was very rough., , English – from Plinth to Paramount, , 101

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Narration, , 140., , 141., , 142., , 143., , 144., , 145., , 146., , 102, , (c) He said that I couldn’t bathe in that sea as it was very rough., (d) He said that you can’t bathe in this sea since it was very rough., Jagdish said, “We passed by a beautiful lake when we went on a trip to Goa.”, (a) Jagdish said that they passed by a beautiful lake when they had gone on a trip to Goa., (b) Jagdish said that they had passed by a beautiful lake when they went on a trip to Goa., (c) Jagdish said that they had passed by a beautiful lake when they had gone on, a trip to Goa., (d) Jagdish said they passed by a beautiful lake when they went on a trip to Goa., He said to me, “I expect you to attend the function.”, (a) He told me that he had expected me to attend the function., (b) He told me that he expected me to attended the function., (c) He told me that he expected me to have attended the function., (d) He told me that he expected me to attend the function., He said, “Why didn’t you send your application to me ?”, (a) He enquired why I had not sent my application to him., (b) He enquired why I did not send my application to him., (c) He enquired why had I not sent my application to him., (d) He enquired why did I not send my application to him., Dinesh asked, “Are you going to the party tomorrow, Eliza ?”, (a) Dinesh asked whether Eliza was going to the party the next day., (b) Dinesh asked Eliza whether you are going to the party the next day., (c) Dinesh asked Eliza whether she was going to the party the next day., (d) Dinesh asked Eliza are you going to the party tomorrow., John said, “How long will it take to travel from Germany to South Africa?”, (a) John asked how long it will take to travel from Germany to South Africa., (b) John asked how long would it take to travel from Germany to South Africa., (c) John asked how long it would take to travel from Germany to South Africa., (d) John was asking how long must it take to travel from Germany to South Africa., “What did you see at the South Pole ?” Ashok asked Anil., (a) Ashok asked Anil if he saw anything at the South Pole., (b) Ashok asked Anil what he had. seen at the South Pole., (c) Ashok asked Anil what did he see at the South Pole., (d) Ashok asked Anil that he saw anything at the South Pole., “Do you want some more sweets ?” asked my friend., (a) My friend asked me if I want some more sweets., (b) My friend said to me if I wanted some more sweets., (c) My friend asked me whether I wanted some more sweets., (d) My friend asked me that I wanted some more sweets., English – from Plinth to Paramount

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Narration, , 147. I said to my sister, “I brought you a doll yesterday.”, (a) I told my sister that I brought you a doll the previous day., (b) I told my sister that I had brought her a doll the previous day., (c) I told my sister that I had brought her a doll yesterday., (d) I told my sister that I brought her a doll yesterday., 148. The captain said to the army, “March forward, now.”, (a) The captain said to the army that march forward now., (b) The captain ordered the army to march forward then., (c) The captain ordered the army to march on that day., (d) The captain ordered the army to attack the enemy., 149. They said, “We’ve lived here for a long time.”, (a) They said that they have lived there for a long time., (b) They said that they lived here for a long time., (c) They said that they had lived there for a long time., (d) They said that they have lived for a long time., 150. “Would you open the door please ?”, (a) She asked me to please open the door., (b) She requested me to open the door., (c) She requested me to please open the door., (d) She asked me open the door., 151. The teacher said, “Gandhiji was born in India.”, (a) The teacher said that Gandhiji had been born in India., (b) The teacher says that Gandhiji was born in India., (c) The teacher said that Gandhiji had born in India., (d) The teacher said that Gandhiji was bom in India., 152. “Where do you live ?” asked the stranger., (a) The stranger asked where I lived., (b) The stranger enquired where I was living., (c) The stranger questioned where did live., (d) The stranger wanted to know where I live., 153. I said to him, “How do you know this ?”, (a) I asked him how I knew that., (b) I asked him that how he knew that., (c) I told him how I knew that., (d) I asked him how he knew that., 154. He said, “We are all sinners.”, (a) He said that we are all sinners., (b) He said they were all sinners., (c) He said that he was a sinner., (d) He said all were sinners., English – from Plinth to Paramount, , 103

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Narration, , 155. “Would you mind taking off your shoes before entering the house ?” He said to, the foreigner., (a) He requested the foreigner to take off his shoes before entering the house., (b) He told the foreigner that he must take off his shoes before entered the house., (c) He said the foreigner that to take off His shoes before entered the house., (d) Before entering the house he said that shoes must be taken off., 156. “I lost my book yesterday”, she said to her teacher., (a) She admitted to her teacher that she had lost her book the previous day., (b) To her teacher she was admitted that she has lost her book the previous day., (c) She admitted losing her book to her teacher yesterday., (d) She said to her teacher that I have lost my book the previous day., 157. They said, “The boy will soon be found and we will bring him.”, (a) They said that boy would be found and brought., (b) They said that the boy would soon be found, and that they would bring him., (c) They informed him that the boy would soon be found, and they ought to bring him., (d) They told that the boy will be found soon and they will bring him., 158. “Stop talking children,” said the teacher., (a) The teacher ordered the children to stop talking., (b) The teacher asked the children to stop talking., (c) The teacher told to the children to stop talking., (d) The teacher said the children to stop talking., 159. The teacher said that the Earth moves round the Sun., (a) The teacher stated: “The Earth has been moving round the Sun., (b) The teacher said, “The Earth is moving round the Sun.”, (c) The teacher said, “The Earth will move round the Sun.”, (d) The teacher said, “The Earth moves round The Sun.”, 160. The lady said that they had been witnessing the programme., (a) The lady said, “We were witnessing the programme.”, (b) The lady says, “We are witnessing the programme.”, (c) The lady said, “We witnessed the programme.”, (d) The lady says, “We had witnessed the programme.”, 161. The Principal told us, “Wait here till I return.”, (a) The Principal told us wait here till her return., (b) The Principal told us to wait there till he returned., (c) The Principal told us to wait there till I return., (d) The Principal told us please wait here till he returned., , 104, , English – from Plinth to Paramount

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Narration, , 162. My mother said to me, “Who is your best friend?”, (a) My mother questioned me as to who my best friend was., (b) My mother asked me who was my best friend., (c) My mother asked me who my best friend was., (d) My mother asked me who my best friend is., 163. The teacher said to the boys, “If you do your best you will surely pass.”, (a) The teacher asked the boys to work hard so that they can pass., (b) The teacher told the boys that unless they work hard they will not pass., (c) The teacher requested the boys that if they work better, they will surely pass., (d) They teacher told the boys that if they did their best they would surely pass., 164. The boy pleaded that he had not stolen the book., (a) The boy said, “I don’t steal the book.”, (b) The boy said, “I didn’t steal the book.”, (c) They boy said, “I hadn’t stolen the book.”, (d) The boy said, “I haven’t stolen the book.”, 165. Kavitha said, “I saw the photograph.”, (a) Kavitha told that she saw the photograph., (b) Kavitha said that she had seen the photograph., (c) Kavitha said that the photograph was seen by her., (d) Kavitha said that she has seen the photograph., 166. The king said to his man, “Put the man in prison.”, (a) The king implored his men to put the man in prison., (b) The king commanded his men to put the man in prison., (c) The king requested his men to put the man in prison., (d) The king informed his men to put the man in prison., 167. He said, “I have made a kite.”, (a) He says that he made a kite., (b) He will say that he had made a kite., (c) He said that I had made a kite., (d) He said that he had made a kite., 168. Dravid’s neighbour said, “Do you like to play golf?”, (a) Dravid’s neighbour questioned him and said if he liked to play golf., (b) Dravid’s neighbour asked him to like golf., (c) Dravid’s neighbour asked him if he would like to play golf., (d) Dravid’s neighbour asked him if he liked to play golf., English – from Plinth to Paramount, , 105

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Narration, , 169. She announced that they had selected Pradeep as their leader., (a) She said, “Pradeep is our leader.”, (b) She announced, “We have selected Pradeep as our leader.”, (c) She announced, “Let us select Pradeep as our leader.”, (d) She declared, “Pradeep had been selected as our leader.”, 170. He told the boy not to sit there., (a) “Didn’t sit here,” he said to the boy., (b) “Don’t sit there,” he said to the boy., (c) “Didn’t sit there,” he said to the boy., (d) “Don’t sit here,” he said to the boy., , ANSWER KEY, 1. (b), 10. (d), 19. (d), 28. (a), 37. (a), 46. (b), 55. (d), 64. (d), 73. (b), 82. (c), 91. (c), 100. (a), 109. (b), 118. (b), 127. (a), 136. (a), 145. (b), 154. (a), 163. (d), , 106, , 2. (b), 11. (a), 20. (b), 29. (b), 38. (c), 47. (b), 56. (a), 65. (a), 74. (b), 83. (c), 92. (b), 101. (b), 110. (c), 119. (c), 128. (b), 137. (b), 146. (c), 155.(a), 164. (d), , 3. (b), 12. (c), 21. (c), 30. (b), 39. (c), 48. (a), 57. (b), 66. (b), 75. (c), 84. (a), 93. (a), 102. (d), 111. (b), 120. (d), 129. (b), 138. (a), 147. (b), 156.(a), 165. (b), , 4. (c), 13. (d), 22. (c), 31. (a), 40. (b), 49. (c), 58. (c), 67. (a), 76. (b), 85. (c), 94. (c), 103. (b), 112. (a), 121. (b), 130. (d), 139. (c), 148. (b), 157. (b), 166. (b), , 5. (b), 14. (b), 23. (c), 32. (a), 41. (d), 50. (b), 59. (b), 68. (c), 77. (a), 86. (a), 95. (a), 104. (b), 113. (b), 122. (d), 131. (d), 140. (c), 149. (c), 158. (a), 167. (d), , 6. (a), 15. (d), 24. (a), 33. (c), 42. (d), 51. (b), 60. (a), 69. (d), 78. (b), 87. (c), 96. (a), 105. (a), 114. (a), 123. (a), 132. (b), 141. (d), 150. (b), 159. (d), 168. (d), , 7. (c), 16. (d), 25. (a), 34. (b), 43. (a), 52. (d), 61. (a), 70. (d), 79. (d), 88. (b), 97. (d), 106. (b), 115. (b), 124. (b), 133.(b), 142. (a), 151. (d), 160.(a), 169. (b), , 8. (c), 17. (c), 26. (c), 35. (d), 44. (a), 53. (b), 62. (b), 71. (d), 80. (d), 89. (c), 98. (b), 107. (c), 116. (d), 125. (c), 134. (c), 143. (c), 152. (a), 161. (b), 170. (d), , 9. (c), 18. (a), 27. (b), 36. (a), 45. (c), 54. (d), 63. (a), 72. (c), 81. (a), 90. (d), 99. (d), 108. (d), 117. (d), 126. (b), 135. (a), 144.(c), 153. (d), 162. (c), , English – from Plinth to Paramount

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Narration, , SPOTTING THE ERROR, 1., 2., 3., 4., 5., 6., 7., 8., 9., 10., 11., 12., 13., 14., 15., 16., 17., 18., 19., 20., 21., 22., 23., 24., 25., 26., 27., , (a) He said/ (b) that / (c) he will come. / (d) No error, (a) He said/ (b) that / (c) I shall work hard if I want to pass. / (d) No error, (a) He asked me/ (b) that if / (c) I was fine./ (d) No error, (a) He asked me/ (b) that what / (c) had happened./ (d) No error, (a) He asked me/ (b) what / (c) did I say about him./ (d) No error, (a) He told to me / (b) that / (c) the Sun is a star./ (d) No error, (a) The king commanded to / (b) call the/ (c) first witness./ (d) No error, (a) The judge asked me / (b) if I knew the / (c) accused or not./ (d) No error, (a) Ram was telling / (b) that everyone / (c) was happy with the bonus./ (d) No error, (a) My teacher said that / (b) a bad carpenter / (c) fights with his tools./ (d) No error, (a) She ordered the servant shut / (b) the door / (c) and leave the room./ (d) No, error, (a) She exclaimed with surprise / (b) that / (c) how tall has she grown./ (d) No error, (a)The teacher asked the little boy/(b) if he knows the / (c) correct answer to the, question./(d) No error, (a) Mother allowed me to / (b) go wherever/ (c) I want./ (d) No error, (a) The father forbade his son / (b) not to make the / (c) same mistake again./ (d), No error, (a) He exclaimed with sorrow / (b) that his father died just two / (c) months before. /, (d) No Error., (a) She requested him/ (b) to take her to the doctor / (c) as she has very high fever. /, (D) No Error, (a) When my boss said / (b) that he was coming to see / (c) me the next day, I, wondered what problems he will have with me. / (d) No Error, (a) I suggested that she should / (b) stay at home if it / (c) rained but she does not, give any answer. / (d) No Error, (a) He asked me / (b) why had I gone to office / (c) when I knew there would be, fewer buses on road that day. / (d) No Error, (a) My friend asked me / (b) what could she do/ (c) for me in that critical situation., / (d) No Error, (a) The Government warned the multiplexes that if / (b) they continue charging, prices higher than MRP , their / (c) licences would be cancelled. / (d) No Error, (a) My father told me / (b) that if I work for the / (c) betterment of mankind, God, would certainly do good to me . / (d) No Error, (a) My teacher wanted to know / (b) if I had done / (c) the homework or not. / (d) No, Error, (a) She says, “I studied / (b) hard so that I / (c) may get good marks/ (d) No Error, (a) She said that she was going to / (b) theatre and wanted to know that I could /, (c) accompany him. / (E) No Error, (a) She requested me / (b) to wait for her / (c) until she returns from school. / (d) No Error, , English – from Plinth to Paramount, , 107

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Question Tag, , PROVIDE SUITABLE QUESTION TAG FOR THE FOLLOWING SENTENCES, Find the meaning of the difficult words and learn them by heart, 1., 2., 3., 4., 5., 6., 7., 8., 9., 10., 11., 12., 13., 14., 15., 16., 17., 18., 19., , I am happy,, I don’t write letter,, I didn’t go to college yesterday,, It is very cold,, You haven’t eaten anything,, She doesn’t drive carelessly,, I have called him up,, The boys are quite boisterous,, My friend Ram is an egoist,, God is Omnipotent, omnipresent and, Omniscient,, The mob killed the District Magistrate,, Bhim was a glutton,, We see somnambulists in movies very, often,, Bhagat Singh was a martyr,, We see conjurors in circus,, Asthma is not a contagious disease,, We used to see epidemic in villages, earlier,, Sanjivini was considered to be a, panacea,, We find too many monologues in, Shakespeare’s plays,, , 20. We hadn’t got any remuneration,, 21. Polygamy has been banned in many, countries,, 22. Charles Shobraj was an imposter,, 23. Hindus practise idolatry,, 24. My nephew is an ambidextrous,, 25. He is a pessimist,, 26. Everyone has come late today,, 27. The mob has lynched the thief,, 28. The audience have taken their, seats,, 29. Have some more tea,, 30. Wait for me,, 31. Let's go out for a walk,, 32. He has barely anything to wear,, 33. Somebody entered the room,, 34. I think, you are right,, 35. I feel, he is hungry,, 36. There are many boys in this school,, 37. Nobody bothers,, 38. It hardly rains here,, 39. The jury was unanimous in its, decision., 40. I am tired,, , Answers, 1., 2., 3., 4., 5., 6., 7., 8., 9., 10., , 112, , aren’t I?, do I?, did I?, isn’t it?, have you?, does she ?, haven't I?, aren’t they?, isn’t he?, isn’t he?, , 11., 12., 13., 14., 15., 16., 17., 18., 19., 20., , didn’t it, wasn’t he?, don’t we?, wasn’t he., don’t we?, is it?, didn’t we?, wasn’t it?, don’t we?, had we?, , 21., 22., 23., 24., 25., 26., 27., 28., 29., 30., , hasn’t it?, wasn’t he?, don’t they?, isn’t he?, Isn’t he?, haven’t they?, hasn’t it?, haven’t they?, will /would you?, will you?/can you?, , 31., 32., 33., 34., 35., 36., 37., 38., 39., 40., , Shall we?, Has he?, didn't they?, aren't you?, Isn't he?, aren't there?, do they?, does it?, wasn't it?, aren't I?, , English – from Plinth to Paramount

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Subject Verb Agreement, , RULE 27, , , uhps fn;s x, Table dks è;ku ls i<+sa&, , S.N W ORDS, 1., No, 2., No, One-third of / three-fourths of / The rest of / A, 3., quarter of / Part of / Ten percent of / Twenty, Percent of, One-third of / three-fourths of/ P art of / Ten, 4., percent of / Twenty percent of, M ost of / Some / Some of / Half of/ Enough /, 5., Enough of / Not enough of/ Plenty of / A lot of/, Lots of, M ost of / Some / Some of /Half of/ Enough /, 6., Enough of / Not enough of/ Plenty of / A lot of/, Lots of, 7., The percentage of, 8., M ore than one, 9., M ore than two/three. etc., 10. M ore, , +NOUN/PRONOUN, + U. N, + S. C. N, , VERB, Singular Verb, Singular Verb, , + U. N., , Singular Verb, , + P. C. N., , Plural Verb, , + U. N., , Singular Verb, , + P. C. N., , Plural Verb, , +, +, +, +, , Singular Verb, Singular Verb, Plural Verb, Plural Verb, , U.N./P.C.N., S. C. N., P. C. N., P. C. N. + than one, , uhps fn, x, mnkgj.k ns[ks%&, 1. No air is present on the Mars., 2. No student was interested in taking the exam., 3. One-third of the work has been finished., 4. One- third of the students have passed., 5. Ninety percent of the work is done., 6. Most of the knowledge is gained by experience., 7. Most of the girls are absent today., 8. Ninety percent of the students have passed with good marks., 9. Half of the candidates have passed with flying colours., 10. Some of the students have not taken the exam., 11. The percentage of unsuccessful candidates is ten., 12. More than one city was in ruins., 13. More cities than one were in ruins., 14. More than two theives have been caught red handed., 15. More plans than one were made., , uksV%, okD; 12 ,oa 13 ds chp dk varj ns[ksaA, SPOTTING THE ERROR, 1., , (a) Neither of them/ (b) are going to attend/ (c) the party on 10th October./ (d) No, error, , 2., , (a) He walked five miles which are really a great distance/ (b) for a man like him, who is not only old but also ill./ (d) No error, , English – from Plinth to Paramount, , 121

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Subject Verb Agreement, , 3., , (a) Either my colleague/ (b) or a peon are coming home/ (c) with the material today./, (d) No error, , 4., 5., , (a) The rise and fall/ (b) of the tide are due/ (c) to lunar influence./ (d) No error, (a) Many a man/ (b) have succumbed/ (c) to this temptation./ (d) No error, , 6., , (a) The introduction of tea, coffee/ (b) and such other beverages/ (c) have not been, without some effect./ (d) No error, (a) The newer type of automatic machines/ (b) wash/ (c) clothes faster./ (d) No, error, (a) Each of the students in the computer class/ (b) has to type/ (c) their own research, paper this semester./ (d) No error, , 7., 8., 9., 10., , (a) Everyone of the films/ (b) you suggested/ (c) are not worth seeing./ (d) No error, (a) The Secretary and Principal of the college/ (b) are attending/ (c) the District, Development Council Meeting at the Collectorate./ (d) No error, , 11., 12., , (a) There is/ (b) only one of his novels/ (c) that are interesting./ (d) No error, (a) Knowledge of/ (b) at least two languages/ (c) are required to pass the examination./, (d) No error, (a) It is I/ (b) who is to blame/ (c) for this bad situation./ (d) No error, , 13., 14., 15., 16., , (a) Romansticism of melancholy/ (b) in art and literature are the reason/ (c) for, insensitivity to those suffering from depression./ (d) No error, (a) Patience as well as perseverance (b) are necessary/ (c) for success./ (d) No error, , 17., , (a) In Singapore/ (b) my brother-in-law with his wife/ (c) were present at the function./, (d) No error, (a) A hot and/ (b) a cold spring/ (c) was found near each other./ (d) No error, , 18., , (a) Either of the roads/ (b) lead/ (c) to the park/ (d) No error, , 19., 20., 21., , (a) One of my desires/ (b) are to become/ (c) a doctor./ (d) No error, (a) The whole block of flats/ (b) including two shops were/ (c) destroyed in fire./ (d), No error, (a) The sum and substance/ (b) of his poem/ (c) are as follows./ (d) No error, , 22., , (a) Neither of the/ (b) five accused/ (c) could be convicted./ (d) No error, , 23., , (a) The strain of all/ (b) the difficulties, vexations and anxieties/ (c) were more, than he could beat./ (d) No error, , 24., , (a) Everybody/ (b) it must be admitted/ (c) has their ups and downs./ (d) No error, , 25., , (a) Every woman in the world/ (b) fervently hopes that their child/ (c) will be a, normal and healthy baby/ (d) No error, , 26., , (a) Neither of them/ (b) sent their papers/ (c) in time for the last seminar/ (d) No, error, , 27., , (a) This is a strange world/ (b) where each one pursues their own golden bubble/ (c), and laughs at others for doing the same./ (d) No error, (a) If it were possible to get near when/ (b) one of the volcanic eruptions take, place/ (c) we would see a grand sight./ (d) No error, , 28., 122, , English – from Plinth to Paramount

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Subject Verb Agreement, , 29., , (a) A rise in rents and wages/ (b) have been found/ (c) to go together./ (d) No error, , 30., , (a) He is one of those few post-colonial writer who believes/ (b) that this talk about, colonialism has gone too far/ (c) and has turned into a cliche./ (d) No error, , 31., , (a) One of the peculiarities/ (b) which distinguishes the present age/ (c) is the, multiplication of books/ (d) No error, , 32., , (a) Neither of them/ (b) are going to attend/ (c) the party on 10th October/ (d) No, error, , 33., , (a) Ten miles are/ (b) a long distance / (c) to cover on foot./ (d) No error, , 34., , (a) If Mahatma Gandhi/ (b) was alive, he would feel sorry for the poor and downtrodden, who/(c) still struggle everyday to make both ends meet. / (d) No Error, , 35., , (a) Having acquired some experience/ (b) she is no longer one of those who believes/, (c) every explanation they are given./ (d) No error, , 36., , (a) With regard to implementation of the/ (b) details of the proposal, the committee, was divided/ (c) in their opinion./ (d) No error, , 37., , (a) Most of the funds/ (b) we get from/ (c) America is used to build roads and bridges./, (d) No error, , 38., , (a) The tiger was not/ (b) the only dangerous animal/ (c) in the forest there was, hyenas too./ (d) No error, , 39., , (a) She immediately quit/ (b) the job in which/ (c) neither skill nor knowledge were, required./ (d) No error, , 40., 41., , (a) The type of qualities you acquire/ (b) depend upon your company/ (c) and so you, associate yourselves with simple and good natured people./ (d) No error, (a) Our success or our failure/ (b) largely depend/ (c) upon our actions./ (d) No error, , 42., , (a) He is/ (b) one of the tallest boy/ (c) in the class./ (d) No error, , 43., , (a) That day when they brought her back for the last time/ (b) there was many oldtimers/ (c) who were shocked and fearful./ (d) No error, , 44., , (a) A computer virus works exactly/ (b) like the biological variety/ (c) which invade, the human body./ (d) No error, , 45., , (a) Many a boy/(b) have not done their/ (c) homework properly./ (d) No error, , 46., , (a) Two miles beyond/ (b) that building was seen dozens/ (c) of antisocial elements/ (d), No error, , 47., , (a) Along the northern frontier/ (b) of India is seen/ (c) the beautiful and mighty, Himalayas./ (d) No error, , 48., , (a) A body of volunteers/ (b) have helped in/ (c) making this celebration a great success/, (d) No error, , 49., , (a) There appears/ (b) a number of problems/ (c) and I really do not know how to, solve them. (d) No error, , 50., , (a) Shingles are a disease/ (b) in which a person develops/ (c) lots of inflamed spots, round the waist./ (d) No error, , 51., , (a) Whether she should get married/ (b) or whether she should remain/ (c) single, are her personal problem./ (d) No error, , English – from Plinth to Paramount, , 123

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Conditional Sentences, , , , dkYifud in (Post) ds fy, lHkh subjects ds lkFk'were' dk iz;ksxfd;k tkrk gSA, , 'was', uhps fn, x;s 'kCnksa ds, lkFkdk iz;ksx, ughagksrk gSA, If, as though, in case, as if, would that, Ex., , ,oa I wish., , He scolded me as if he was my father. (×), He scolded me as if he were my father.(), , (ii), , 'If' Clause eas ge'Unless' so long, as soon as, when, provided, suppose, in case, but, , for bR;kfn dk Hkh iz;ksx ldrs, dj gaSA, , tSls%(1) Unless you work hard, you will not pass., Unless ds lkFk'not' dk iz;ksx ugha gksrk, uksV%, AUnless you work hard ls gekjk rkRi;Z'IfgSyou do, not work hard.' ;kfu 'Unless + affirmative = If + negative., 2. I shall support him so long as I am alive., 3. As soon as the train comes, there will be rush for seats., 4. When he comes to Delhi, I will go to meet him., , SPOTTING THE ERROR, 1., 2., 3., 4., 5., 6., 7., 8., 9., 10., 11., 12., 13., 14., 15., 16., 130, , (a) If he came to me / (b) I would have given/ (c) him my car. / (d) No error, (a) Had he invited me / (b) I would have attended / (c) the function. / (d) No error, (a) If he had called me up (b) I would inform/ (c) him ./ (d) No error, (a) If he will work hard / (b)/ he will surely / (c) get the job of his choice. / (d) No, error, (a) Unless I do not / (b) see his ticket, / (c) I will not let him sit here. / (d) No error, (a) Before the police will come / (b) You should better / (c) get the anticipatory bail., / (d) No error, (a) We will come to know the truth / (b) after / (c) the investigation finished. / (d), No error, (a) Until the train will not get the signal , (b) it will not / (c) leave the platform. / (d), No error, (a) If I had money/ (b) I will have lent / (c) it to her. / (d) No error, (a) If I was you/ (b) I would not tolerate him / (c) for a moment. / (d) No error, (a) Suppose she does not agree/ (b)what could/ (c) we do ? / (d) No error, (a) Supposing if you do not reach / (b) the station in time,/ (c) what will you do? / (d), No error, (a) If you saw a tiger / (b) what will your / (c) reaction be?/ (d) No error, (a) If I had two houses, / (b) I would have given / (c) one to you./ (d) No error, (a) If we will heat dry ice / (b) it turns / (c) to vapour. / (d) No error, (a) "Suppose if you are / (b) late, you will be / (c) in trouble." / (d) No error., English – from Plinth to Paramount

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Conditional Sentences, , 17., 18., 19., 20., 21., 22., 23., 24., 25., 26., 27., 28., 29., 30., 31., 32., 33., 34., 35., 36., 37., 38., 39., 40., 41., 42., 43., 44., , (a) Unless / (b) he will not understand the concept/ (c) he will not be able to solve the, questions. / (d) No error, (a) If he tried again,/ (b) he can pass the exam/ (c) with flying colours. / (d) No error, (a) I will wait for you / (b) unless / (c) you come. / (d) No error, (a) If I was you / (b) I would teach/ (c) him a lesson. / (d) No error, (a) If I were the Prime Minister of India / (b) I will work for the / (c) welfare of the, poor. / (d) No error, (a) If she would have come to me / (b) I would have given her the / (c) money she, needed / (d) No error, (a) If he drove fast/ (b) he can reach the station / (c) in time / (d) No error, (a) If I was a millionaire/ (b) I would support / (c) the millinium project / (d) No, error, (a) If both of you stood / (b) on the table/ (c) it would have broken/ (d) No error, (a) If she would have worked hard , / (b) she would / (c) have passed. / (d) No error, (a) If you had seen me, / (b) you should have stopped your car / (c) and come to help, me. / (d) No error, (a) If the Government will make strict law/ (b) the law and order situation / (c) will, improve. / (d) No error, (a) But for his help / (b) the patient would / (c) have died. / (d) No error, (a) But for his prompt action / (b) many people would/ (c) have lost their savings. /, (d) No error, (a) I will not come / (b) in case / (c) it will rain. / (d) No error, (a) Had the river overflown its bank,/ (b) flood would / (c) have come. / (d) No error, (a) Had I known him, / (b) I would allow him / (c) to enter my house. / (d) No error, (a) You will not get well / (b) unless you will not / (c) follow the doctor's instructions., / (d) No error, (a) Supposing if he refuses / (b) to meet you, / (c) what will you do? / (d) No error, (a) I shall take you for a long drive /(b) after you /(c) will return from the meeting., / (d) No error, (a) When you complete your service / (b) you will be / (c) retired on pension / (d) No, error, (a) Were she I, / (b) she will not allow/ (c) you to go anywhere at this time of crisis./, (d) No error, (a) I told her when / (b) she came to Delhi,/ (c) I would show her all historical, monuments. / (d) No error, (a) You can scale this high peak, / (b) provided you/ (c) will wear the right kind of, shoes. / (d) No error, (a) Had you / (b) worked hard/ (c) you will have passed./ (d) No error, (a) When I shall see him/ (b) I shall/ (c) tell him/ (d) No error., (a) He will tell you/ (b) about it when/ (c) he will come back/ (d) No error., (a) When I will get back/ (b) I shall pay back/ (c) the money that I borrowed/ (d) from, you last month, , English – from Plinth to Paramount, , 131

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Verb (Advance), , , , like, love, prefer, begin, start, agree, try,, bl pattern esa iz;qDr gksusverbs, okys gSa&, attempt, choose, continue, intend, propose, desire, wish, want, hate, dislike,, hope, expect, promise, fear, remember, forget, offer, learn., , PATTERN - 9, Subject + verb + noun/ pronoun + infinitive., tSls%, , S.N., 1., 2., 3., , , , Subject, , Verb, , I, The doctor, I, , Noun/ Pronoun Infinitive + etc., , want, you, advised him, allowed Rohit, , to help him., to rest., to go., , verb, ask, tell, order, command, persuade, encourage,, bl pattern esa iz;qDr gksus okys, eq[;, gS&, urge, want, wish, request, intend, expect, force, tempt, teach, invite, help, warn,, like, love, hate, allow, permit, remind, cause, mean, dare., , PATTERN - 10, Subject + verb + gerund., , , , bl pattern esaGerund okD; ds object dk dk;Z djrk gSA, , tSls%, , S.N., , Subject, , 1. She, 2. He, 3. I, , , , Verb, , Gerund, etc., , started, has finished, love, , singing., talking., teaching., , begin,, start, love, like, hate, stop, finish,, bl pattern esa iz;qDr gksus okys eq[; 'kCn, gS&, enjoy, prefer, fear, remember, forget, mind, miss, suggest, practice, try,, understand, keep, help, advise, admit, avoid, consider, intend, delay, deny, detest,, can't help, rest, defer, worth, risk , it is noun/good, propose, regret, anticipate., , PATTERN - 11, Subject + verb + noun/ pronoun + present participle., tSls%, , S.N. Subject Verb, 1. I, 2. I, 3. You, , , , saw, heard, kept, , Noun/ Pronoun Present Participle, him, him, me, , crossing the bridge., shouting, waiting, , bl pattern esa iz;qDr gksusverbs, okys gS&see, hear, smell, feel, watch, notice, find,, observe, listen, get, catch, keep, leave, set, start., , 140, , English – from Plinth to Paramount

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Verb (Advance), , Biology has been defined the study of organism. (Add ‘as’ after ‘defined’), She is considered as the best student of my class. (Drop ‘as’ after ‘considered’), The teacher called him as stupid. (Drop ‘as’), The principal appointed him as a lecturer. (Remove ‘as’), He thinks her as a fool. (Remove ‘as’), 15. vxj okD; esa, 'It is high time' ;k fiQj 'it's time' dk iz;ksx gks vkSj mlds ckn, 'sub' dk mYys[k, sub ds ckn 'V2' dk iz;ksx djsaA, gks rks, tSls%It's high time you did something., 16. dbZnoun dk iz;ksx ,d fuf'pr verb ds lkFk fd;k tkrk gS&, tSls%Have — lunch etc. take —an exam make —a demand vU; mnkgj.k, a good time, advantage, a gesture Launch scheme, a shower, an action, a noise, Render help, a dream, risk, a promise Impart education, a conversation, your time, a request, a mistake, 17. 'To' ds ckn 'V1' dk iz;ksx gksrk gSA, vU;, ijUrq, lHkhPrepositions ds ckn vxj 'verb' dk iz;ksx gksrk, verb 'v1+ing' form esa gksuk pkfg,A, gS rks, 2., 3., 4., 5., 6., , tSls%1. He is afraid to do,  anything against his boss., V1, , 2. He is afraid of going, , ,  out after sunset., V1 +ing, , SPOTTING THE ERROR, 1., 2., 3., 4., 5., 6., 7., 8., 9., 10., 11., 12., , (a) Walking along the road/ (b) a car knocked/ (c) him down./(d) No error., (a) Having done my homework/ (b) my mother allowed me/ (c) to go out and play./(d), No error., (a) Being a rainy day,/ (b) I had to cancel/ (c) all my appointments./ (d) No error., (a) A few selfish leaders/ (b) are bent to harm/ (c) the very foundation of Democracy./ (d), No error., (a) As I have worked hard,/ (b) I am confident to pass/ (c) with flying colours ./ (d) No, error., (a) We went to that place/ (b) with a view to help/ (c) the earthquake victims./ (d), No error., (a) You should avoid/ (b) to go to school/ (c) as you have severe eye infection./ (d) No, error., (a) I have/ (b) no achievement/ (c) to boast./ (d) No error., (a) One must avail of/ (b) every opportunity/ (c) that comes in life./ (d) No error., (a) Have the letter/ (b) send/ (c) by someone who is trustworthy./ (d) No error., (a) Would you please order/ (b) for tea and buiscuits/ (c) for all of us./ (d) No error., (a) Everyone considered him as/ (b) a brave man/(c) but he fled from the battlefield./, (d) No error., , English – from Plinth to Paramount, , 145

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Verb (Advance), , 13., 14., , (a) My father does not mind/ (b) to be disturbed/ (c) while he is reading the, newspaper./(d) No error., (a) Perhaps you do not know/ (b) I am having a car and a jeep/ (c) besides a big, house in a good locality./ (d) No error., , 15., , (a) The lawyer asked me/ (b) if it were worth to take/ (c) the matter to court./ (d) No, error., , 16., , (a) I bade him/ (b) to submit all the important documents/ (c) before he left the job./, (d) No error., , 17., , (a) He thinks/ (b) himself/ (c) as a great scholar ./ (d) No error., , 18., , (a) All the candidates/ (b) will give/ (c) a test on Friday./ (d) No error., , 19., , (a) Mrs Dorai would rather/ (b) spend a quiet evening/ (c) than attending a party./, (d) No error., , 20., , (a) The audience/ (b) watched the clowns/ (c) performed their act ./ (d) No error., , 21., , (a) The life-guard would not/ (b) let the children/ (c) to swim at the deep end of the, pool ./ (d) No error., , 22., , (a) He denied/ (b) to help/ (c) me./ (d) No error., , 23., , (a) Walking along the/ (b) bank of the river/ (c) the road began to rise./ (d) No error., , 24., , (a) It is time you/ (b) decide on your next/ (c) course of action ./ (d) No error., , 25., , (a) As I was feeling sleepy/ (b) I asked for/ (c) a steamed cup of tea./ (d) No error., , 26., , (a) I remember/ (b) meet him/ (c) five years ago./(d) No error., , 27., , (a) I have always/ (b) and will always/ (c) be faithful to you./ (d) No error., , 28., , (a) I am afraid/ (b) I did a mistake/ (c) in the calculation./ (d) No error., , 29., , (a) The lights went out/ (b) while we/ (c) took the examination./ (d) No error., , 30., , (a) His assistants have and/ (b) are still doing/ (c) excellent work for the organization./, (d) No error., , 31., , (a) After the teacher had told the boys/ (b) how to pronounce the word/ (c) all of, them in one voice repeated the word again ./ (d) No error., , 32., , (a) The company is not doing well./ (b) Isn't it time you/ (c) sell off your shares in it?./, (d) No error., , 33., , (a) He caught the boy/ (b) steal/ (c) the parcel./ (d) No error., , 34., , (a) I declined the invitation/ (b) not because I did not want to go,/ (c) but because I have, no time./ (d) No error., , 35., , (a) It is a known fact/ (b) that time does not return back/ (c) once it is lost./ (d) No error., , 36., , (a) Even after sixty years of independence/ (b) lakhs of people/ (c) do not have bed to, sleep./ (d) No error., , 37., , (a) The dinosaurs could not/ (b) adapt to the/ (c) changing environment./ (d) No error., , 146, , English – from Plinth to Paramount

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Noun, , 6., 7., 8., 9., 10., 11., 12., 13., 14., , 15., 16., 17., 18., 19., 20., 21., 22., 23., 24., 25., 26., 27., 28., 29., 30., , (a) The beautiful / (b) surrounding of the place / (c) enchanted me./ (d) No error, (a) No Porter being available/ (b) he carried / (c) all his luggages himself./ (d) No, error, (a) The table’s legs / (b) have been / (c) elaborately carved./ (d) No error, (a) The sceneries / (b) of Kashmir / (c) is very charming./ (d) No error, (a) The driver showed / (b) great talent in keeping / (c) the damaged car under, control./ (d) No error, (a) When I entered the bedroom / (b) I saw a snake crawling / (c) on the ground./ (d), No error, (a) Alms / (b) are given/ (c) to the poors./ (d) No error, (a) Lasers are / (b) indispensable tools / (c) for the delicate eyes surgery./ (d) No, error, (a) If you have a way with words / (b) a good sense of design and administration, ability / (c) you may enjoy working in high pressure world of advertising./ (d) No, error, (a) Last week’s sharp hike in the wholesale price of beef / (b) is a strong indication, for / (c) higher meat costs to come./ (d) No error, (a) Whenever he goes to Mumbai / (b) he stays in/ (c) five-stars hotels./ (d) No error, (a) The company has ordered / (b) some / (c) new equipments./ (d) No error, (a) A strong breeze / (b) blew his / (c) cap off./ (d) No error., (a) One of her firmest belief among the Hindus is that/ (b) Karma affects their / (c), life and also the life after death./ (d) No error, (a) He was advised to take/ (b) two spoonsful of / (c) medicine times a day./ (d) No, error, (a) It is a big blunder/(b) but we had /(c) to ignore it/(d)No error, (A) The police have received / (b) two important informations / (c) that can help, them solve the triple murder case (E) No error, (a) The sheafs / (b) of the wheat plants were too heavy / (c) for the weak farmer to, carry them on his head./ (d) No error, (a) The population of India /(b) is divided into two classes- / (c) Haves and Haves, not./ (d) No error, (a) All his sister-in laws /(b) are extremely co- operative / (c) and she doesn’t miss, her real sisters at all./ (d) No error, (a) Envy strikes a woman / (b)when she sees her husband / (c) talking to another, woman./ (d) No error, (a) Two summons have been issued by the court / (b) but he has not / (c) yet, appeared before the court./ (d) No error, (a) The Vaidya's / (b) have been living here / (c) for about a decade./ (d) No error., (a) You are among those/ (b) man who earned name and fame not by / (c) chance, but by hard work ./ (d) No error, (a) Children are playing / (b) and making mischiefs/ (c) as their holidays have, started./ (d) No error., , English – from Plinth to Paramount, , 161

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Noun, , 31., 32., 33., 34., 35., 36., 37., 38., 39., 40., 41., 42., 43., 44., 45., 46., 47., 48., 49., 50., 51., 52., 53., 54., 55., 56., 162, , (a) Sheeps are economically useful/ (b) and so they are reared/ (c) for wool and meat./, (d) No error., (a) I read the letter/ (b) and made him aware/ (c) of its content./ (d) No error., (a) I shall not go to party tonight/ (b) since I have many works to complete/ (c), before I give presentation tomorrow./ (d) No error., (a) One must be always/ (b) true to one's words/ (c) if one wants to get respect from, everyone./ (d) No error., (a) Even after the enactment of several Acts and Provisions /(b) we can see five, years old boys/ (c) working in hazardous factories./ (d) No error., (a) The fan’s blade / (b) has broken/ (c) and we must buy a new fan before disposing it, of./ (d) No error., (a) She wears spectacle/ (b) and so she was unable to see the gansgter/ (c) that, attacked her last night./ (d) No error., (a) All the furnitures have been/ (b) sold for a song/ (c) as we were in a hurry to, leave the town./ (d) No error., (a) The angry mob/ (b) attacked the police officers/ (c) when they came to raze the, illegal construction./ (d) No error., (a) They left/ (b) their luggages/ (c) at home by mistake and went to the railway, station./ (d) No error., (a) The car could not/ (b) ascend the steep hill/ (c) because it was in the wrong, gears./ (d) No error., (a) The ticket window/ (b) remained closed / (c)throughout the day./ (d) No error., (a) Satyajit Ray, who conceived, co-authored / (b) and directed a number of good, films, was/ (c) one of India’s most talented film maker./ (d) No error., (a) I think this/ (b) is not your book. / (c) It is some body’s else./ (d) No error., (a) You should not put/ (b) your sign on any paper / (c) that you haven’t read./ (d) No, error., (a) Towns after towns were/ (b) conquered / (c) by him but he found no peace./ (d), No error., (a) When we reached the fair/ (b) we found that there / (c) was no place to stand./, (d) No error., (a) All the evidences were/ (b) against him and he was / (c) held guilty./ (d) No, error., (a) My cousin brother is a cheater/ (b) and he / (c) cheats his family members and, friends too./ (d) No error., (a) The committee/ (b) could not come to/ (c) a final conclusion./ (d) No error., (a) The cattle in the meadow/ (b) was terrified to hear/ (c) the roar of a lion which, appeared to be wild with anger./ (d) No error., (a) There should be/ (b) no furnitures/ (c) in my room./ (d) No error., (a) That house/ (b) is built of/ (c) stones./ (d) No error., (a) Santosh lives/ (b) by the principals/ (c) he professes./ (d) No error., (a) The astronomer/ (b) who predicts the future/ (c) has arrived./ (d) No error., (a) He told me that/ (b) it was/ (c) his friend’s Sankar’s house./ (d) No error., English – from Plinth to Paramount

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Pronoun, , USE OF INDEFINITE PRONOUNS, RULE 1, sentence ds subject ds :i esa gks] rks blds fy,, Nominative case – one, ;fn ‘One’ dk iz;ksx, Objective pronoun - oneself dk iz;ksx gksrk gSA, rFkk, tSls%1. One should do one’s duty oneself., 2. One should keep one’s promise., 'Pronoun' ls lacaf/r loky 'Question Tag' vè;k; ls Hkh vkrs gSA, 'Question Tag' vè;k; ns[ksaA, uksV%, , SPOTTING THE ERROR, 1., 2., 3., 4., 5., 6., 7., 8., 9., 10., 11., 12., 13., 14., 15., 16., 17., 18., 19., 20., 180, , (a) Unless two or more members object/ (b) to him joining the club, we shall have, to/ (c) accept his application for membership./ (d) No error., (a) I was surprised and pleased (b)/ when I was informed of me (c) winning the, contest./ (d) No error., (a) Our dog may look/ (b) fierce but/ (c) that wouldn’t hurt a fly./ (d) No error., (a) No one can/ (b) challenge destiny,/ (c)isn’t it?/ (d) No error., (a) All the doubts are cleared/ (b) between/ (c) you and I./ (d) No error., (a) The front page story was about a school girl/ (b) that had hurt herself/ (c) while, saving a child in an accident./ (d) No error., (a) The last thing that the fond mother/ (b) gave her only son/ (c) was his blessing./ (d), No error., (a) It is not/ (b) I who is/ (c) to blame./ (d) No error., (a) I shall avail of/ (b) this opportunity/ (c) to meet you there./ (d) No error., (a) Put you in my position/ (b) and you will realise/ (c) the problems faced in my, profession./ (d) No error., (a) Each of them/ (b) has to understand/ (c) their responsibility/ (d) No error., (a) We are proud to announce/ (b) that every one of us have earned/ (c) a good name./, (d) No error., (a) Here is/ (b) the man whom I think/ (c) committed the crime./ (d) No error., (a) He took/ (b) his younger sister/ (c) with himself./ (d) No error., (a) The company is in debt/ (b) and has been unable/ (c) to pay their employees’, salaries/ (d) for the past six months./ (e) No error., (a) The company has appointed/ (b) consultants to help them/ (c) increase its, revenue and/ (d) improve its financial position./ (e) No error., (a) You cannot change/ (b) people, but you/ (c) can definitely/ (d) change own./ (e), No error., (a) Governments and business houses must reduce/ (b) its own energy use/ (c) and, promote conservation/ (d) to their citizens and employees./ (e) No error., (a) Even those which/ (b) have no previous/ (c) work experience have/ (d) applied, for this job./ (e) No error., (a) He talked on the phone/ (b) for hours together/ (c) who really irritated/ (d) his, English – from Plinth to Paramount

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Pronoun, , 21., 22., 23., 24., 25., 26., 27., 28., 29., 30., 31., 32., 33., 34., 35., 36., 37., 38., 39., 40., 41., 42., 43., 44., 45., 46., 47., 48., , parents a lot./ (e) No error., (a) Instead of laying off/ (b) the workers, the company/ (c) decided to ask them/ (d), to avail voluntary retirement./ (e) No error., (a) The two sisters shouted/ (b) at one another/ (c) in public./ (d) No error., (a) We must supplement/ (b) our diet with vitamins and minerals/ (c) in order to, keep/ (d) oneself fit., (a) Mrs. Pratap, being a good teacher/ (b) she is selected/ (c) for the National Award./, (d) No error, (a) The poor man/ (b) poisoned him/ (c) and his own children./ (d) No error., (a) It was in 2006/ (b) that we first flew/ (c) to the United States./ (d) No error., (a) I was driving under the bridge/ (b) as a football/ (c) hit my window./ (d) No error., (a) Many a student/ (b) have passed/ (c) the I.I.T. examination./ (d) No error., (a) It was me who was/ (b) responsible for/ (c) making all the arrangements for the, successful completion of his studies./ (d) No error., (a) I wonder/ (b) why are you tinkering with the wire./ (c) You might get a shock./, (d) No error., (a) John, I and Hari/ (b) have finished/ (c) our studies./ (d) No error., (a) He doesn’t/ (b) know/ (c) to swim./ (d) No error., (a) All the dresses/ (b) looked good and so I/ (c) bought all of it./ (d) No error., (a) Those people who/ (b)do not work hard/ (c) they do not succeed in life./ (d) No, error., (a) He bathed himself/ (b) in/ (c) a river./ (d) No error., (a) She could not/ (b) bear/ (c) his separation./ (d) No error., (a) If you want this job/ (b) you will need/ (c) his favour./ (d) No error., (a) Both of them will not/ (b) refute/ (c) the charges./ (d) No error., (a) She is the kind / (b) of woman whom every body knows/ (c) is benign and, magnanimous./ (d) No error., (a) The master did not know/ (b) who of the servants/ (c) broke the expensive, dinner set/ (d) No error., (a) The Congress Party stood/ (b) for implementation of the Nuclear Liabilty Bill/ (c), and was ready to stake their political existence/ (d) No error., (a) He is not one of those/ (b) who will help every Tom, Dick and Harry/ (c) whom he, meets/ (d) No error., (a) It is not easy for anyone to command/ (b) respect from both one’s friends and, critics/ (c) as Mahatma Gandhi did/ (d) No error., (a) He, You and I/ (b) shall arrange everything/ (c) and shall not ask them for help/, (d) No error., (a) Was it me/ (B) who had to face/ (c) the music?/ (d) No error., (a) The audience/ (b) are requested/ (c) to be in its seats and stay away from the, track/ (d) No error., (a) The number of vehicles/ (B) plying on the roads of Delhi/ (c) is more than on the, roads of Bangalore/ (D) No error., (A) Being a destitute/ (b) I admitted him/ (c) to an ophanage/ (d) No error., , English – from Plinth to Paramount, , 181

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Pronoun, , 49., 50., 51., 52., 53., 54., 55., 56., 57., 58., 59., 60., 61., 62., 63., 64., 65., 66., 67., 68., 69., 70., 71., 72., 73., 74., , (a) One should keep/ (b) his promise/ (c) if one wants respect from both friends and, enemies/(d) No error., (a) Last summer I went to Shimla/ (b) and enjoyed very/ (c) much/ (d) No error., (a) If I were him/ (b) I would teach/ (c) him a lesson/ (d) No error., (a) Being a/ (b) rainy day I/ (c) could not go to school/ (d) No error., (a) One of them/(b) forgot to take their passport/ (c) and found himself in a difficult, situation/(d) No error., (a) Mr. Sharma, our representative,/ (b) he will attend the meeting/ (c) on our, behalf./ (d) No error., (a) Each girl was/ (b) given a packet of sweets/ (c) and she was happy/ (d) No error., (a) Myself and he/ (b) will manage/ (c) everything/ (d) No error., (a) The Ganga is a river/ (b) whose origin/ (c) has always been a matter of, speculation/ (d) No error., (a) My friend/ (b) is laborious and intelligent, (c) isn’t it?/ (d) No error., (a) It is difficult to say/ (b) who is the better/ (c) of the two players/ (d) No error., (a) It is the best/ (b) which the government can do/ (c) for the downtrodden/ (d) No, error., (a) Neither of the two friends/ (b) has got their money back/ (c) from the company/, (d) No error., (a) This is the road/ (b) whose inaugration/ (c) was done by the President/ (d) No, error., (a) Many women/ (b) reconcile to the/ (c) demands of their in-laws./ (d) No error., (a) May I know/ (b) to who/ (c) I am speaking?/ (d) No error., (a) The person who/ (b) I met yesterday/ (c) was my classmate./ (d) No error., (a) Owing to me being a new comer/ (b) I was unable/ (c) to get a good house./ (d) No, error., (a) A good friend of/ (b) me has been/ (c) in London for twenty years/ (d) No error., (a) It was him/ (b) who came running/ (c) into the classroom./ (d) No error., (a) I and Raju/ (b) left for Delhi/ (c) last summer./ (d) No error., (a) I will certainly/ (b) avail of your offer/ (c) when the occasion arises./ (d) No, error., (a) The book/ (b) is well illustrated/ (c) and attractively bound/ (d) making altogether, an attractive volume, (a) Besides me/ (b) many other/ (c) were present./ (d) No error., (a) My house/ (b) is farther/ (c) than her's./ (d) No error., (a) He is the person,/ (b) whom, everyone thought,/ (c) has stolen the ring./ (d) No, error., , Answers with explanation, 1., 2., 182, , (b) ‘his joining' dk iz;ksx djsaA, ‘Joining’ ds igys possessive adjective ‘his’, (b) Winning ds igyspossessive adjective ‘my' dk iz;ksx djsaA, , dk iz;ksx gksxkA, , English – from Plinth to Paramount

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Adjective, , 3., , (a) Of the billions of stars in the galaxy, (b) how much are / (c) suitable for life? / (d), No error, , 4., , (a) A few word of / (b) gratitude are enough / (c) to express your / (d) feelings sincerely., / (e) No error., (a) He feels his troubles / (b) as much or / (c) even more than they. / (d) No error, (a) I like reading / (b) more than / (c) to play games. / (d) No error, (a) There is not many traffic / (b) along the street / (c) where I live. / (d) No error, (a) The police arrived and discovered / (b) a large number of hoarded sugar/ (c) in, his shop. / (d) No error, (a) As a dramatist / (b) Shaw is superior than / (c) any other twentieth century, writer. / (d) No error, (a) Of the two great cities/ (b) the former is / (c) biggest. / (d) No error, (a) A non banking financial company is a / (b) financial institution similarly to a, bank / (c) but it cannot issue cheque books to customers. / (d) No error, , 5., 6., 7., 8., 9., 10., 11., 12., 13., 14., 15., 16., 17., 18., 19., 20., 21., 22., 23., 24., 25., , (a) Everyone agrees that / (b) the Ganga is the holiest / (c) of all other rivers of, India. / (d) No error., (a) Krishna ran to the / (b) nearing grocery store to / (c) buy biscuits as his parents, were expecting guests. / (d) No error, (a) While giving a loan/ (b) you must check / (c) if the borrower has sufficiently, collateral to repay it. / (d) No error, (a) Although his speech / (b) was not very clearly everyone understood / (c) the, underlying meaning. / (d) No error, (a) He is the most / (b) intelligent and also / (c) the very talented student of the, college. / (d) No error, (a) Having been found / (b) guilty of the theft / (c) Sunny was sentenced to five, year’s imprisonment. / (d) No error, (a) The Railways have made / (b) crossing the tracks / (c) a punished offence. / (d), No error, (a) Alms / (b) are given / (c) to the poors. / (d) No error, (a) Lasers are / (b) indispensable tools / (c) for the delicate eyes surgery. / (d) No, error, (a) The number of applications has risen / (b) this year by / (c) as many as 50%. /, (d) No error, (a) Two lakh of people / (b) attended the meeting / (c) held in parade ground. / (d) No, error, (a) These sort of men / (b) attain success by hook or by crook / (c) so they do not, deserve any applause. (d) No error, (a) Can you tell me how / (b) many eggs and / (c) milk he has brought / (d) No error, (a) Whole the chapter / (b) is full of printing errors which are the outcome / (c) of, the proof reader’s carelessness. (d) No error, , English – from Plinth to Paramount, , 197

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Adjective, , 26., 27., 28., 29., 30., , 38., 39., 40., 41., 42., 43., , (a) Her black long / (b) hair adds / (c) glamour to her looks. (d) No error, (a) I trembled when I saw / (b) a sharp long knife / (c) in his hand. / (d) No error, (a) I saw / (b) an anxious pale girl / (c) who was fidgetting near the ICU / (d) No error, (a) Mumbai is / (b) further from / (c) Delhi than / (d) Patna. (e) No error, (a) This book is / (b) undoubtedly preferable than / (c) that and its printing / (d) is, also comparatively good. (e) No error, (a) You can trust / (b) this channel/ (c) for the last news of this hour. (d) No error, (a) Everybody knows / (b) that Radha is the most unique / (c) singer of this college, / (d) No error, (a) The faster he completes / (b) the work given to / (c) him, the largest will be his, profit. / (d) No error., (a) He does not have / (b) some money to buy a new machine so he is / (c) anxious, / (d) No error, (a) This young lady is / (b) more beautiful but not so cultured / (c) as her sister. (d), No error, (a) Now-a-days, / (b) the weather / (c) is getting cold and colder. / (d) No error, (a) This photograph / (b) was comparatively better / (c) than that which he had kept, in his purse. / (d) No error, (a) Ram is as good, / (b) if not better than / (c) they./ (d) No error, (a) Gopal felt happily / (b) to learn that I / (c) had got a job in the Bank./ (d) No error, (a) He is comparatively / (b) weaker / (c) in maths / (d) no error., (a) Many a / (b) boys are / (c) absent today / (d) no error., (a) Honest are / (b) rewarded / (c) sooner or later / (d) no error., (a) My all / (b) friends will come / (c) tomorrow to meet me / (d) no error., , 44., , (a) He is wiser / (b) enough to / (c) understand your trick / (d) no error., , 45., , (a) Ramayana is more / (b) sacred than / (c) all the mythologies of Hindus / (d) no, error., , 46., , (a) He offered / (b) me a / (c) steamed cup of tea / (d) no error., , 47., , (a) I will buy / (b) the book when / (c) the revise edition will come / (d) no error., , 48., , (a) He ran so fastly / (b) that he reached / (c) the destination in just two minutes. /, (d) No error., , 49., , (a) I am sure that / (b) all my monthly expenses / (c) would exceed the income if I do, not economise. / (d) No error., (a) I am more lonelier/ (b) here than/ (c) I was in the USA./ (d) No error., (a) To me it appears that/ (b) Anthropology is the more interesting/ (c) of all the, subjects./ (d) No error., (a) The circulation of The Statesman/ (b) is greater than/ (c) that of any newspaper/, (d) No error., , 31., 32., 33., 34., 35., 36., 37., , 50., 51., 52., , 198, , English – from Plinth to Paramount

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Conjunction, , tSls%1. He ran as faster as he could. (faster dksfast esa ifjofrZr djsa), 2. He is as better as you. (better dksgood esa ifjofrZr djsa), , SPOTTING THE ERROR, 1., 2., 3., 4., 5., 6., 7., 8., 9., 10., 11., 12., 13., 14., 15., 16., 17., 18., 19., 20., 21., 22., 23., , (a) You are quite cynical/ (b) when you say that the reason why we have/ (c) such, a large turnout is because we are serving refreshments./ (d) No error., (a) That store/ (b) hadn’t hardly/ (c) any of those goods./ (d) No error., (a) I needed that money/ (b) so desperately, it was/ (c) like manna from heaven, when it arrived./ (d) No error., (a) The period/ (b) between 1980 to 1990/ (c) was very significant in my life./ (d), No error., (a) No sooner had the hockey match started/ (b) when it began/ (c) to rain./ (d) No, error., (a) She is very/ (b) beautiful/ (c) but intelligent./ (d) No error., (a) Your success in the IAS examinations depends not only on/ (b) what papers, you have selected/ (c) but on how you have written them/ (d) No error., (a) No sooner had/ (b) he arrived then/ (c) he was asked to leave again./ (d) No, error., (a) I haven’t been/ (b) to New York before and/ (c) neither my sister./ (d) No error., (a) Scarcely had/ (b) I arrived than/ (c) the train left./ (d) No error., (a) The reason why/ (b) he was rejected/ (c) was because he was too young./ (d), No error., (a) Unless you do not give/ (b) the keys of the safe/ (c) you will be shot./ (d) No, error., (a) None of the diplomats at the conference/ (b) was able either to/ (c) comprehend, or solve the problem./ (d) No error., (a) I have found that he is/ (b) neither willing/ (c) or capable./ (d) No error., (a) We are extremely pleased/(b) for excited as well to invite you/(c) to attend the, meeting./(d) No error., (a) When her son got a job/ (b) then she was/ (c) very happy./ (d) No error., (a) Bread and butter/ (b) is/ (c) all we want./ (d) No error., (a) The cost of the new/ (b) machines is likely to/ (c) be so high as ten/ (d) times, the existing ones./ (e) No error., (a) He walked as faster/ (b) as he could so that/ (c) he would not miss the train to, work./ (d) No error., (a) She was running/ (b) a very high fever/(c) and thus her mother takes her to, the doctor./(d) No error., (a) No sooner the teacher/ (b) enter the class/ (c) than the students stood up./ (d) No, error., (a) Unless/ (b) you will work hard,/ (c) you cannot pass./ (d) No error., (a) Keep him at an arm's lenght/ (b) lest you may not repent/(c) in the long run./, , English – from Plinth to Paramount, , 211

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Conjunction, , 24., 25., 26., 27., 28., 29., 30., 31., 32., 33., 34., 35., 36., 37., 38., 39., 40., 41., 42., 43., 44., 45., 46., , 212, , (d)No error., (a) The briefing/ (b) will be held/ (c) between 2 P.M. to 3 P.M./ (d) No error., (a) Unless you do not meet/ (b) all the requirements/ (c) your application will be, rejected./ (d) No error., (a) How do you manage to speak/ (b) to her with/ (c) so great patience./ (d) No error., (a) No sooner she had realized/ (b) her blunder than she began/ (c) to take, corrective measures./ (d) No error., (a) She was not/ (b) so well versed in/ (c) English that we had expected./ (d) No error., (a) Mr. Sinha, my friend, philosopher and guide not only stopped coming/ (b) here, but also going to any place/ (c) which is related to his wife’s life./ (d) No error., (a) Neither the doctor nor the nurses/ (b) were asleep when/ (c) the injured was, brought to the hospital./ (d) No error., (a) As soon as the peon rings the bell, then all/ (b) the students come to the, assembly room/ (c) for prayer./ (d) No error., (a) Hardly had he come out of the bus/ (b) then the bomb exploded/ (c) and shattered, the bus into pieces./ (d) No error., (a) Scarcely had I bought/ (b) the ticket when the train/ (c) left the platform with, a hissing sound./ (d) No error., (a) Many of the freedom fighters/ (b) are so respectful as Gandhiji/ (c) if not more. /, (d) No error., (a) This is perhaps the same place who/ (b) was chosen by us/ (c) for the picnic./, (d) No error., (a) She asked me that why I was/ (b) not preparing for the/ (c) Civil Service, Examinations./ (d) No error., A) Run fast/ (b) lest you will/ (c) lose the race/ (d) No error., (a) As Amir Khan is a perfectionist,/ (b) so he always insists/ (c) on retakes till he, is satisfied with the shot./ (d) No error., (a) You must either/ (b) work hard/ (c) else be prepared to lead a miserable life./, (d) No error., (a) I don’t know if any of the students/ (b) of our school is going/ (c) to pay any, heed to the principal’s order or not./ (d) No error., (a) This is not such a/ (b) complicated problem who cannot be solved/ (c) with, determination./ (d) No error., (a) Although these books/ (b) are not useful but the students buy them/ (C) because, their seniors did so./ (d) No error., (a) He did not/ (b) succeed in the examination,/ (c) yet he had worked hard and, had adopted the right strategy./ (d) No error., (a) He has lots/ (b) of money and/ (c) he will not help any one/ (d) No error., (a) Because he is intelligent,/ (b) therefore he gets good/ (c) marks in all the, examinations./ (d) No error., (a) Both the rich alongwith/ (b) the poor are affected equally/ (c) when prices of, petrol and diesel increase./ (d) No error., English – from Plinth to Paramount

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Article, , 4., 5., 6., 7., 8., 9., , 10., 11., 12., 13., 14., 15., 16., 17., 18., 19., 20., 21., 22., 23., 24., 25., 26., 27., 28., 29., 30., , (a) The police asked us/ (b) about our movements/ (c) on a night of crime./ (d) No, error., (a) In science the credit goes to a man/ (b) who convinces the world,/ (c) not to the, man to whom the idea first occurs./ (d) No error., (a) It is only after/ (b) the match is over/ (c) that people realize/ how exciting it is./ (d) No error., (a) Of the two/ (b) sisters, she/ (c) is better./ (d) No error., (a) It is unfortunate enough/ (b) to lose few friends we make/ (c) during our school, days./ (d) No error., (a) There were a number of intelligent gentlemen at the party/ (b) but it was Mr., Subramaniam, an eminent scientist,/ (c) who remained a centre of attraction./, (d) No error., (a) I have been/ (b) informed that/ (c) Mr. Sharma, the director and the chairman, will visit Patna the following month./ (d) No error., (a) He is/ (b) the best worker/ (c) of the factory but unfortunately least paid./ (d) No error., (a) He has come out/ (b) with an unique proposal/ (c) for his friends (d) No error., (a) When the house was/ (b) set on the fire, all the people/ (c) started shouting at, the top of their voices./ (d) No error., (a) Little knowledge/ (b) of medicine that he possessed/ (c) proved to be a blessing, for him when he was in great pain./ (d) No error., (a) It was/ (b) by a mistake/ (c) that he injured her hand./ (d) No error., (a) These orders of/ (b) the Manager/ (c) may put the lives of two thousand workers, in a danger./ (d) No error., (a) I inspired him/ (b) to take the heart/ (c) in all adverse situations and deserve to, be called a real hero./ (d) No error., (a) The most happy/ (b) marriage would be/ (c) a union of a deaf man and a blind, woman./ (d) No error., (a) John suggested to/ (b) the children of his village that they should/ (c) go to the, school regularly and do their home work sincerely./ (d) No error., (a) Some people say that/ (b) her husband is in the jail/ (c) and so she lives, alone./ (d) No error., (a) The Greek peoples/ (b) are considered/ (c) very brave/ (d) No error., (a) His father/ (b) asked him to go/ (c) to the temple every morning/ (d) No error., (a) There was little/ (b) milk in the refrigerator and she gave it/ (c) to her crying son./, (d) No error., (a) He leads/ (b) a very luxurious life / (c) so he goes to every part of India by a car./ (d) No error., (a) Thanks to an effort/ (b) and persistence of the doctors, the victims of the blast/, (c) have been able to start a normal life again./ (d) No error., (a) In a hour’s time/ (b) I will be back/ (c) but now I have to go./ (d) No error., (a) Terrorist organizations/ (b) kill innocent people/ (c) to spread a violence./ (d), No error., (a)Whole world is/ (b) today facing the threat of extinction/ (c) due to the inventions, of Science./ (d) No error., (a) The answer/ (b) to all the sufferings of / (c) human beings lies in the Science./ (d), No error., (a) The police should exercise/ (b) their authority with little/ (c) bit of sensitivity, , English – from Plinth to Paramount, , 227

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Article, , 31., 32., 33., 34., 35., 36., 37., 38., 39., 40., 41., 42., 43., 44., 45., 46., 47., 48., 49., 50., 51., 52., 53., 54., , and humanity./ (d) No error., (a) This is/ (b) most important/ (c) lesson which we will have to study very, carefully./ No error., (a)The Ganges/ (b) is for North India/ (c) what Krishna is for South India./ (d) No error., (a) I like to travel/ (b) by the air as/ (c) I am a very busy person./ (d) No error., (a) The Chairman and the Trustee/ (b) was removed from his/ (c) post because he, had misappropriated the fund./ (d) No error., (a) She found/ (b) herself in a trouble/ (c) when she saw the stalker following her, persistently./ (d) No error., (a) All the people/ (b) of India know that/ (c) Gandhi ji was a very wise and a noble, soul./ (d) No error., (a) The man/ (b) is the only creature/ (c) that is endowed with the art of humour./, (d) No error., (a) It is very difficult/ (b) to find out the number of/ (c) the creatures living on the, earth./ (d) No error., (a) While climbing/ (b)the hill, to his amazement , the/ (c) poor man found the box, of pearls./ (d) No error., (a) The blast derailed the lives / (b)of many people but in an year/ (c) time leaving, apart the victims,no one remembered anything/ (d) No error., (a)Cowards die/ (b) several times,/ (c) the braves die but once/ (d) No error., (a) Akbar became a heir/ (b)to the throne at/ (c) a young age of thirteen/ (d) No error., (a) The both brothers/ (b) are safe now/ (c) and are recuperating./ (d) No error., (a) When the principal entered the classroom/ (b) all boys shook/ (c) in their shoes/, (d) No error., (a) Father in him/ (b) could not bear the condition of/ (c) his ailing daughter/ (d) No error., (a) Let judge in you/ (b) decide what/ (c) punishment should be given to him/ (d) No error., (a) My teacher said that/ (b) Sun is a/ (c) star/ (d) No error., (a) Due to its beauty/ (b) Kashmir is known as/ (c) Switzerland of India/ (d) No error., (a) Most of the people of Southern India/ (b) do not know/ (c) the Hindi/ (d) No error., (a) He went for the lunch/ (b) at 1 p.m. and then/ (c) returned/ (d) No error., (a) The honesty/ (b) is/ (c) a virtue./ (d) No error., (a) Every morning the Sun/ (b) rises/ (c) in east/ (d) No error., (a) He is/ (b) best player/ (c) in India./ (d) No error., (a) When I met him/ (b) the couple of days back/ (c) he was writing a new, book,/ (d) No error., , Answers with explanation, 1., , (b) ‘necessary evil’ ds igys‘an’ ugha, ‘a’ dk iz;ksx djsaA, ‘necessary’ vowel ughaconsonant sound, , 2., , (a) ‘Quarter to ten’, , 228, , ls 'kq: gksrk gSA, ds igys‘a’ dk iz;ksx ugha gksxkA, , English – from Plinth to Paramount

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Preposition, , (11) By means of- ds lgk;rk ls, tSls%He amassed a lot of money by means of sharp practices., (12) For the sake of- ds okLrs, tSls%Save plants atleast for the sake of your children., (13) In favour of- ds i{k esa, tSls%He voted in favour of his friend., (14) In lieu of- ds cnys esa, tSls%He got fifty thousand rupees in lieu of his claim., (15) On account of- ds dkj.k, tSls%On account of his negligence, the company suffered heavy loss., (16) In relation to- ds laca/ esa, tSls%There are some rules in relation to the organization of the match., vUrjns[ksa:1., I acted according to your order., I acted in accordance with your order., 2., 3., 4., 5., 6., , Mother Teresa had affection for all., Mother Teresa was affectionate to all., He has ambition for fame., He is ambitious of fame., I am capable of doing hard work., I have capacity for doing hard work., I have confidence in myself., I am confident about myself., He has desire for money and fame., He is desirous of money and fame., , USE OF APPROPRIATE PREPOSITIONS, ***A***, Abhorrence of ...................................................... ls uiQjr, Abhorrent to ......................................................... ls uiQjr gksuk, Absorbed in .......................................................... esa O;Lr, Abstemious in ...................................................... esa igjst, Abstinence from .................................................. ls igjst, Acceptable to ........................................................ dks Lohdk;Z, Access to .............................................................. rd igq¡p gksuk, Accessible to ........................................................ rd igq¡p, Accession to ......................................................... fdlh in rd igq¡puk, Accomplished in ................................................... esa fuiq.k, Accurate in .......................................................... esa lVhd, English – from Plinth to Paramount, , 241

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Preposition, , SPOTTING THE ERROR, 1., 2., 3., 4., 5., 6., 7., 8., 9., 10., 11., 12., 13., 14., 15., 16., 17., 18., 19., 20., 21., 22., 23., 24., 25., 26., 27., 28., 29., 30., 31., 32., 262, , (a) He took/ (b) leave of/ (c) four days/ (d) No error., (a) Children/ should always/ (b) listen the advice of their elders/ (c) and well, wishers./ (d) No error., (a) He will not/ (b) listen/ (c) what you say./ (d) No error., (a) Nobody denies/ (b) that my ideas/ (c) are different than yours./ (d) No error., (a) It was I who was responsible of/ (b) making all the arrangements for the/, (c)successful completion of his studies./ (d) No error., (a) She was in the courtyard/ (b) when the burglars/ (c) entered into her house./, (d) No error., (a) Our teacher/ (b) emphasised on/ (c) the use of correct grammar./ (d) No error., (a) On the time/ (b) of the opening ceremony of the theatre/ (c) a large crowd had, assembled/ (d) No error., (a) While they were returning/ (b) from school,/ (c) a stalker attacked on them with, a knife./ (d) No error., (a) The decline of his moral values/ (b) has caused a lot/ (c) of pain to his parents/, / (d) No error., (a) Without thinking/ (b) for a moment he/ (c) entrusted me in all the responsibilities, ./ (d) No error., (a) Sudha fell in/ (b) the well and nobody / (c) tried to save him./ (d) No error., (a) I / (b) prefer coffee/ (c) than tea/ (d) No error., (a) Suresh is busy / (b) in his work/ (c) for his presentation/ (d) No error., (a) While crossing the road/ (b) an old man was/ (c) run out by a bus/ (d) No error., (a) Amphibians / (b) can live / (c) in water as well as land./ (d) No error., (a) My mother is fond off/ (b) cooking different / (c) types of dishes/ (d) No error., (a) Our teacher/ (b) cannot/ (c) control on the students./ (d) No error., (a) The lawyer has been waiting/ (b) for the prisoner / (c) since two hours / (d) No, error., (a) Mr. Bacon has / (b) great affection to/ (c) his family./ (d) No error., (a) Rekha has a great/ (b) enmity for her/ (c) brother's friend./ (d) No error., (a) He threw the bucket/ (b) into the river/ (c) and returned home without any, water./ (d) No error., (a) There appears/ (b) to be very little/ (c) understanding among the two brothers, / (d) No error., (a) She was/ (b) angry on me because I/ (c) had not invited her to party./ (d) No error., (a) He got a prestigious job though/ (b) he was not worthy/ (c) for it./ (d) No error., (a) He described about/ (b) the incident/ (c) in a very interesting way./ (d) No error., (a) My father/ (b) deals/ (c)with garments/ (d) No error., (a) I cannot / (b) deal from/ (c) those unruly students/ (d) No error., (a) Despite of / (b)working hard/ (c) he failed/ (d) No error., (a) Ashok/ (b) married with/ (c) Rekha last month./ (d) No error., (a) The earth's atmosphere/ (b)comprises of/ (c) three layers/ (d) No error., (a) The court held/ (b) the local MLA responsible/ (c) for the loss or damage to any, public property./ (d) No error., English – from Plinth to Paramount

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Preposition, , 33., 34., 35., 36., 37., 38., 39., 40., 41., 42., 43., 44., 45., 46., 47., 48., 49., 50., 51., 52., 53., 54., 55., 56., 57., 58., 59., 60., 61., 62., , (a)He was debarred to attend/ (b) the monsoon session/ (c)of the Parliament./ (d) No error., (a) We will have to await for/ (b) the result/ (c) as the managent is on strike./ (d) No error., (a) He should refrain/ (b) to associate himself with any party/ (c) because people, have faith in his integrity./ (d) No error., (a) The songs of / (b) the old movies are/ (c) worthlistening to./ (d) No error., (a) It should be obvious to you/ (b)that if you persist bothering him,/ (c) he will get, angry with you/ (d) No error., (a) I certainly/ (b) differ with you/ (c) in this matter (d) No error., (a)He had a suspected fracture, / (b) so he was/ (c)admitted into the hospital/, (d) No error., (a) If you put your / (b) heart to it,/ (c) you will be a winner/ (d) No error., (a) He walked/ (b) ten miles/ (c) by foot/ (d) No error., (a) He is good / (b) in mathematics/ (c)but his friend isn't./ (d) No error., (a) Those who are in power/ (b) have to be sensitive of/ (c)the sufferings of the, poor/ (d) No error., (a) Which newspaper/ (b) do you/ (c) subscribe for?/ (d) No error., (a) We thought that the train/ (b) would be late but/ (c) it arrived exactly in time./, (d)No error., (a) Despite of repeated warnings, / (b) he touched a live electric wire,/ (c) and was, electrocuted./ (d) No error., (a)It is my pleasure / (b) to congratulate you for your success/ (c) in the Civil Services, Examination/ (d) No error., (a) I will avail/ (b) myself with/ (c) this golden opportunity/ (d) No error., (a) It is half/ (b) past two/ (c) in my watch/ (d) No error., (a) She can / (b) cope up with any difficult situation/ (c) as she is a braveheart./, (d) No error., (a) Ravi/ (b) told to his friend/ (c) to buy a car./ (d) No error., (a) He is/ (b) accused with/ (c) committing the murder./ (d) No error., (a) The poet/ (b) described about/ (c) the spring season./ (d) No error., (a) The atmosphere/ (b) comprises of/ (c) many inert gases also./ (d) No error., (a)We disposed off / (b) our old furniture/ (c) before moving to Mumbai./ (d) No error., (a)He was/ (b) bereft from / (c) all his possession./ (d) No error., (a) He assented of/ (b) my proposal/ (c) as it was very attractive./ (d) No error., (a) A large sign near/ (b) the entrance warns the visitors/ (c) to beware about, bears./ (d) No error., (a) The teacher was tense/ (b) when he entered/ (c) the class which comprised of/, (d) a hundred students., (a) There is no rule/ (b) regarding the length of a precis/ (c) with relation to/ (d), that of the original passage., (a) He/ (b) is suffering/ (c) with flu./ (d) No error., (a) He wanted to go/ (b) to home/ (c) as he was sick./ (d) No error., , English – from Plinth to Paramount, , 263

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Preposition, , 4., 5., 6., 7., 8., 9., 10., 11., 12., 13., 14., 15., 16., 17., 18., 19., 20., 21., 22., 266, , you are welcome to partake ________ their light refreshment., (a) in, (b) for, (c) at, (d) of, We met a lot of people ______ our holidays., (a) on, (b) in, (c) during, (d) at, The firm has been dealing ______ luxury goods for more than two decades., (a) in, (b) with, (c) out, (d) on, Today students should be reconciled _______ the way things are changing., (a) with, (b) to, (c) for, (d) at, That week the dollar dropped _____ its lowest levels., (a) to, (b) at, (c) into, (d) by, He went _______ sea alone., (a) in, (b) to, (c) into, (d) on, Everyone in this world is accountable to God _____ his actions., (a) actions, (b) for, (c) to, (d) over, Speed is ____ essence in a project of this type., (a) in, (b) for, (c) about, (d) of, A wise man profits _____ the mistakes of others., (a) through, (b) from, (c) with, (d) by, Ram agreed _____ my proposal ., (a) with, (b) for, (c) on, (d) to, He is addicted _____ smoking., (a) to, (b) with, (c) on, (d) for, He sat ____ the shade of a tree., (a) under, (b) into, (c) in, (d) on, There is something wonderful _____ him, (a) of, (b) about, (c) for, (d) in side, When will you hand _____ your assignment?, (a) in, (b) back, (c) down, (d) into, A new minister has taken ______ after the election., (a) to, (b) over, (c) off, (d) down, There is a bridge ______ the river., (a) over, (b) on, (c) down, (d) across, Please make yourself ____ home., (a) with, (b) at, (c) in, (d) on, The brave youth immediately jumped _____ the river to save the drowning child., (a) in, (b) into, (c) inside, (d) to, We can make no progress if we continue working ______ these conditions., (a) into, (b) with, (c) under, (d) for, English – from Plinth to Paramount

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Preposition, , 23., , 40., , Keep your dog ____ the flower beds. It may damage the flowers., (a) out, (b) from, (c) beside, (d) off, _______ a moment she felt disappointed for no stockings hung from the fire place., (a) just, (b) for, (c) at, (d) since, We were completely taken ____ by the estate agent who turned out to be a crook., (a) for, (b) on, (c) off, (d) in, Dr. Sharma concluded his speech ______ explaining the importance of charity., (a) by, (b) with, (c) at, (d) in, Shivaji Maharaj fought _____ every kind of aggression., (a) against, (b) to, (c) with, (d) at, Don’t depend _____ others; you must stand on your own feet., (a) at, (b) on, (c) to, (d) for, Our life promises a lot ______ pleasure and we must learn to enjoy it., (a) with, (b) for, (c) of, (d) at, He travelled all ______ the world when he was eighty years old., (a) in, (b) over, (c) with, (d) of, My father lives ______ Delhi, (a) in, (b) at, (c) inside, (d) on, Madhav is good ______ English., (a) in, (b) at, (c) on, (d) with, Naina did not disclose the fact ______ her husband., (a) to, (b) before, (c) from, (d) on, The child did not approve ______ the father's plan., (a) to, (b) by, (c) of, (d) with, The tribes lived ______customs different from the English had ever seen., (a) on, (b) by, (c) off, (d) with, The strike has been called ______ ., (a) of, (b) at, (c) off, (d) by, We warned her ______the danger, (a) from, (b)about, (c) against, (d) of, We laughed ______ the affair., (a) over, (b) about, (c) for, (d) on, Put a blanket _____ the baby., (a) over, (b) about, (c) at, (d) on, Stay______ your limits., (d) on, , 41., , (a) within, (b) in, (c) at, She was happy to partake______ the festivities., (a) in, , (d) for, , 24., 25., 26., 27., 28., 29., 30., 31., 32., 33., 34., 35., 36., 37., 38., 39., , (b) of, , English – from Plinth to Paramount, , (c) at, , 267

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Preposition, , 42., 43., 44., 45., 46., 47., 48., 49., 50., 51., 52., 53., 54., 55., 56., 57., 58., 59., 60., 268, , I can cope ______ any problem., (a) up with, (b) with, (c) up, (d) from, His manners ______ him., (a) speak of, (b) speak out, (c) speak up, (d) speak for, A thorough search of the aircraft was carried ______ in the airport., (a) out, (b) off, (c) on, (d) along, Discrimination ______ any form should be avoided., (a) of, (b) by, (c) from, (d) in, A large number of people have fallen victim ______ dengue fever., (a) to, (b) of, (c) from, (d) with, She scoffed ______ the idea of revolution., (a) for, (b) at, (c) about, (d) on, This work of art is worthy ______ praise., (a) of, (b) for, (c) for, (d) to, It is our duty to get ______ the truth., (a) to, (b) over, (c) into, (d) at, For a child, a blow ______ self-esteem is a terrible thing., (a) of, (b) with, (c) to, (d) on, He is a descendent ______ the Mughal royalty., (a) of, (b) from, (c) in, (d) for, Fate smiled ______ him in all his ventures., (a) above, (b) below, (c) on, (d) at, Don't put ______ until tomorrow what you can do today., (a) up, (b) of, (c) on, (d) off, The train is arriving ______ platform number 4., (a) at, (b) on, (c) before, (d) upon, The criminal was totally taken ______ when the police recognized him., (a) aback, (b) up, (c) for, (d) away, The examination will begin ______ Monday., (a) from, (b) in, (c) at, (d) on, You must apologise ______ him for this., (a) with, (b) to, (c) of, (d) for, She seems cursed ______ bad luck., (a) by, (b) with, (c) for, (d) on, He was brought ______ by his aunt as his mother had died when he was just a lad., (a) up, (b) put, (c) off, (d) with, As she became tired, errors began to creep ______ her work., (a) with, (b) into, (c) off, (d) up., English – from Plinth to Paramount

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Preposition, , 61., 62., , Small pox has been eradicated ______ India., (a) in, (b) from, (c) within, I complimented him ______ his success., (a) about, (b) for, (c) on, , (d) out of, (d) at, , Answer Key, 1., , (b) 2., , (d) 3., , (d), , 4., , 11., , (d) 12., , (b) 13., , (d), , 14. (a), , 15. (c), , 21., , (b) 22., , (c), , 23., , (d), , 24. (b), , 31., , (a) 32., , (b) 33., , (a), , 34. (c), , 35. (b) 36. (c), , 41., , (a) 42., , (b) 43., , (d), , 51., , (a) 52., , (c), , (d), , 61., , (b) 62., , (c), , 53., , (a), , 8., , (a) 9., , (b) 10., , (b), , 16. (b) 17., , (a), , 18., , (b) 19., , (a) 20., , (b), , 25. (d) 26. (a) 27., , (a), , 28., , (b) 29., , (c), , 30., , (b), , 37., , (d), , 38., , (a) 39., , (a) 40., , (a), , 44. (a), , 45. (d) 46. (a) 47., , (b), , 48., , (a) 49., , (d) 50., , (c), , 54. (a), , 55. (a) 56. (d) 57., , (b), , 58., , (b) 59., , (a) 60., , (b), , English – from Plinth to Paramount, , (d), , 5., , (c), , 6., , (a) 7., , 269

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Adverb, , look, tSls%I , , ,  honest., , , , Verb of, sensation, , Adjective, , I , work, ,  honestly., , ordinary, verb, , felt, I , , verb of, sensation, , I, , adverb, , bad., , adj, , sing badly., , ,  , , , Ordinary, verb, , Adv, , become, turn,, dqNvU; Verbs ftuds lkFk adverb ughaadjective dk iz;ksxgksrk gS osbe,, gSa&, get, grow, keep, make vkSjprove., tSls%He got angry,  ., , , adj, , RULE 9, , , Manly, masterly, slovenly, friendly, orderly, gentlemanly, sickly, weekly,, monthly Adjectives gSaA, 'ly' esa var gksus ds otg ls ge bUgsa, adverb ekuus dh Hkwy dj cSBrs gSaA, tSls%He behaved friendly. (×), He behaved in a friendly manner. (), , SPOTTING THE ERROR, 1., , (a) A soldier is/ (b) taught never to/(c) fight cowardly/(d) No error., , 2., , (a) A man of fifty/ (b) cannot be called/ (c) as young./ (d) No error., , 3., , (a) He is being/(b) very politely/ (c) for the reason best known to him. /(d) No error., , 4., , (a) He is enough tall/(b) to be selected as Sub Inspector/ (c) in Delhi Police/(d) No, error., , 5., , (a) He is niggard/ (b) and saves each/(c) and every paise/(d) No error., , 6., , (a) I am full of energy/(b) today because I /(c) soundly slept last night/(d) No error., , 7., , (a) I did not know hardly/(b) anyone in the college/ (c) and so I felt lonely all the, time/(d) No error., , 8., , (a) I have never seen/ (b) a coward man /(c) like Sohan/(d) No error., , 9., , (a) I never remember/(b) to have met a more intelligent/(c) man in my life/(d) No error., , 10., , (a) I refused to accompany him/(b) because he was/(c) so boring/(d) No error., , 11., , (a) I refused to consider/(b) him as an honest boy /(c) as he had cheated many, , 280, , English – from Plinth to Paramount

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Adverb, , people/(d) No error., 12., , (a) I see him often/(b) at the/(c) bus terminal/(d) No error., , 13., , (a) Mangoes taste /(b) more sweetly than /(c) any other fruit of this world/(d) No error., , 14., , (a) My father /(b) is very quicker than/(c) I at Chess/(d) No error., , 15., , (a) Never in the history/(b) there has been/ (c) as shrewd a mentor as Chanakya/, (d) No error., , 16., , (a) Outright rejection/(b) of my plea /(c) disappointed me/(d) No error., , 17., , (a) She did her job/ (b) as better as she/(c) could do/(d) No error., , 18., , (a) She does her/(b) work good as she/(c) is a trained nurse/(d) No error., , 19., , (a) She had barely/(b) nothing to wear/(c) when she came to me for help/(d) No error., , 20., , (a) She is either/(b) dumb or deaf,/ (c) if not both/(d) No error., , 21., , (a) She knows/(b) riding/ (c) a horse/(d) No error., , 22., , (a) Great leaders tried / (b) to eradicate social evil practices/(c) with tooth and nail/, (d) No error., , 23., , (a) It rained/ (b)like cats and dogs/ (c)throughout the night./(d) No error, , 24., , (a) The State Government/(b) appointed him as /(c) officer-in-charge/(d) No error., , 25., , (a) The teacher asked/ (b) the students to/(c) talk loudly/(d) No error., , 26., , (a) Though he was brave,/ (b) he could not face the ups and downs/(c) of life manly/, (d) No error., , 27., , (a) We must try /(b) to save our hardly /(c) earned money/(d) No error., , 28., , (a) We seldom or ever/(b) go out these days /(c) because it is too hot now-a-days/, (d) No error., , 29., , (a) We should /(b) keep our belongings/(c) orderly/(d) No error., , 30., , (a) Vijay could not scarcely conceal/ (b) his happiness /(c) at my resignation./, (d) No error., , 31., , (a) When I read his biography,/(b) I hardly found something/(c)in his character, that I could admire/(d) No error., , 32., , (a) When she received the good news,/ (b) she ran straightly /(c) to call up her parents/, (d) No error., , 33., , (a) You always /(b) come lately/ (c) to class/(d) No error., , 34., , (a) You have /(b) acted nobler than/(c) all of us/(d) No error., , 35., , (a) You should have/(b) sufficiently collateral/(c) to pay back the loan d) No error., , 36., , (a) Veena worked /(b)very hardly /(c)as she wanted to be a surgeon/(d) No error., , 37., , (a) She sounded /(b)very sadly after /(c)the death of her pet/(d) No error., , 38., , (a) Her speech was not clearly /(b)but we understood /(c)the underlying meaning/, (d) No error, , English – from Plinth to Paramount, , 281

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Synonyms, , 18, , SYNONYMS, , CHAPTER, , Directions: in questions no. 1 to 274, out of the four alternatives, choose the one, which best expresses the meaning of the given word and mark it in the answer sheet., 1., , 2., , 3., , 4., , 5., , 6., , 7., , Irrevocable, (a) Change, (b) Done, (c) Unalterable, (d) Reversible, Adorn, (a) Trust, (b) Writer, (c) Suspect, (d) Beautify, Repose, (a) Place, (b) Keep, (c) Rest, (d) Replace, Commotion, (a) Cheer, (b) Imbalance, (c) Disturbance, (d) Movement, Nurture, (a) To encourage, (b) To grow, (c) To see, (d) To maintain, Deny, (a) Regain, (b) Refuse, (c) Repair, (d) Reduce, Abuse, (a) Use, (b) Praise, (c) Scorn, (d) Raise, , English – from Plinth to Paramount, , 8., , 9., , 10., , 11., , 12., , 13., , 14., , Docile, (a) Submissive, (b) Stubborn, (c) Strong, (d) Changeable, Considerate, (a) Agreeable, (b) Kind, (c) Like-minded, (d) Thoughtful, Irresolute, (a) Undecided, (b) Angry, (c) Ignorant, (d) Firm, Frugal, (a) Economical, (b) Miserly, (c) Splendid, (d) Hungry, Motive, (a) Reason, (b) Occasion, (c) Intention, (d) Preparation, Pity, (a) Offence, (b) Mercy, (c) Kindness, (d) Joy, Quash, (a) Question, (b) Pledge, (c) Reject, (d) Slash, , 15., , 16., , 17., , 18., , 19., , 20., , 21., , Restrict, (a) Curtail, (b) Prohibit, (c) Retain, (d) Retail, Anticipate, (a) Antagonise, (b) Expect, (c) Accept, (d) Hope, Tremendous, (a) Awesome, (b) Remarkable, (c) Considerable, (d) Excessive, Meticulous, (a) Correct, (b) Clean, (c) Methodical, (d) Painstaking, Abundant, (a) Sufficient, (b) Plentiful, (c) Significant, (d) Vibrant, Acquaint, (a) Arouse, (b) Introduce, (c) Appoint, (d) Acquire, Change, (a) Alter, (b) Renew, (c) Review, (d) Repeat, 319

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Synonyms, , 22., , 23., , 24., , 25., , 26., , 27., , 28., , 29., , 30., , 31., , 320, , Surreptitiously, (a) Calmly, (b) Secretly, (c) Suggestively, (d) Quitely, Forebode, (a) Alarm, (b) Foretell, (c) Failure, (d) Forefront, Genuine, (a) Good, (b) Real, (c) Attractive, (d) Lovable, Adverse, (a) Negative, (b) Facilitating, (c) Decorative, (d) Derogative, Elastic, (a) Rubbery, (b) Flexible, (c) Expensive, (d) Exciting, Vacillate, (a) Waver, (b) Never, (c) Quiver, (d) Queer, Impeccable, (a) Perfect, (b) Fair, (c) Faultless, (d) Criminal, Impediment, (a) Clear, (b) Ailment, (c) Incapable, (d) Obstruction, Advance, (a) Reduce, (b) Halt, (c) Progress, (d) Extend, Prognosis, (a) Diagnosis, (b) Forecast, (c) Preface, (d) Identity, , 32., , 33., , 34., , 35., , 36., , 37., , 38., , 39., , 40., , 41., , Poach, (a) Catch, (b) Hunt, (c) Preach, (d) Plunder, Repartee, (a) Refuse, (b) Celebrate, (c) Quick witty reply, (d) Question, Exhort, (a) Recommend, (b) Coax, (c) Urge, (d) Push, Lurid, (a) Happy, (b) Abundant, (c) Bright, (d) Shocking, Familiar, (a) Well-known, (b) Familial, (c) Relative, (d) Common, Dessert, (a) Wasteland, (b) Abandon, (c) Sweet-dish, (d) Broth, Affiliate, (a) Control, (b) Associate, (c) Copy, (d) Discriminate, Explicit, (a) Clear, (b) Obvious, (c) Cautious, (d) Exorbitant, Diligent, (a) Intelligent, (b) Energetic, (c) Modest, (d) Industrious, Infuriate, (a) Burn, (b) Disgrace, (c) Threaten, (d) Enrage, , 42., , 43., , 44., , 45., , 46., , 47., , 48., , 49., , 50., , 51., , Prospective, (a)Preceded, (b) Prosperous, (c) Perplexed, (d) Possible, Lousy, (a) Unbearable, (b)Awful, (c) Loose, (d) Stinking, Accentuated, (a) Accent, (b) Devalued, (c) Mitigated, (d) Sharpened, Predominantly, (a) Emphatically, (b) Forcefully, (c) Mostly, (d) Profoundly, Paucity, (a) Sincerity, (b) Shortfall, (c) Publicity, (d) Downfall, Avert, (a) Hide, (b) Obey, (c) Excuse, (d) Avoid, Pensive, (a) Careless, (b) Thoughtful, (c) Penitent, (d) Unattached, Cordial, (a) Smooth, (b) Friendly, (c) Sophisticated, (d) Reserved, Provisional, (a) Casual, (b) Lucky, (c) Visible, (d) Temporary, Horrendous, (a) Very huge, (b) Greatly unpleasant, (c) Mildly sincere, (d) Most pleasant, , English – from Plinth to Paramount

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Synonyms, , 52., , 53., , 54., , 55., , 56., , 57., , 58., , 59., , 60., , 61., , Authentic, (a) Admirable, (b) Genuine, (c) Adjustable, (d) None of the above, Rectify, (a) Correct, (b) Alter, (c) Erase, (d) Continue, Miraculous, (a) Mysterious, (b) Sudden, (c) Amazing, (d) Unexpected, Warranty, (a) Threat, (b) Guarantee, (c) Order for arrest, (d) Issue, Knave, (a) Emperor, (b) Enchanter, (c) Soldier, (d) Scoundrel, Prodigal, (a) Huge, (b) Prodigious, (c) Enormous, (d) Wasteful, Impost, (a) Fertilizer, (b) Dispatch, (c) Tax, (d) Postage, Coarse, (a) Academic, (b) Grain, (c) Rough, (d) Training, Forego, (a) Renounce, (b) Disown, (c) Leave, (d) Accumulate, Recipients, (a) Creators, (b) Donors, (c) Receivers, (d) Instigators, , English – from Plinth to Paramount, , 62., , 63., , 64., , 65., , 66., , 67., , 68., , 69., , 70., , 71., , Frontier, (a) Edge, (b) Landmark, (c) Boundary, (d) Corner, Rout, (a) Death, (b) Defeat, (c) Loss, (d) Crash, Irreproachable, (a) Remarkable, (b) Extraordinary, (c) Faultless, (d) Immense, Felicity, (a) Prosperity, (b) Honesty, (c) Bliss, (d) Sorrow, Judicious, (a) Biased, (b) Sensible, (c) Exact, (d) Honest, Transpired, (a) Was communicated, (b) Was discussed, (c) Happened, (d) Conspired, Obstinate, (a) Foolish, (b) Unyielding, (c) Unreasonable, (d) Mischievous, Sundry, (a) Countless, (b) Various, (c) Certain, (d) Several, Menial, (a) Lowly, (b) Tough, (c) Dangerous, (d) Low-paid, Impetus, (a) Financial support, (b) Accelerated growth, (c) Retarded growth, (d) Driving force, , 72., , 73., , 74., , 75., , 76., , 77., , 78., , 79., , 80., , Emulate, (a) Praise, (b) Find out, (c) Follow, (d) Assess, Boast, (a) Cry, (b) Abuse, (c) Hate, (d) Brag, Mass murder, (a) Patricide, (b) Fratricide, (c) Regicide, (d) Genocide, Executioner, (a) Executive engineer, (b) Explorer, (c) Experimenter, (d) One who inflict, capital punishment, Maiden speech, (a) Farewell speech, (b) Short speech, (c) First speech, (d) Speech about, women, Interfere, (a) Meddle, (b) Help, (c) Object, (d) Copy, Tedious, (a) Tiresome, (b) Dull, (c) Interesting, (d) Exciting, Magnificent, (a) Magnanimous, (b) Modest, (c) Generous, (d) Splendid, Spirited, (a) Heated, (b) Drunk, (c) Enthusiastic, (d) Possessed, 321

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Synonyms, , 81., , 82., , 83., , 84., , 85., , 86., , 87., , 88., , 89., , 90., , 322, , Gloomy, (a) Misty, (b) Morose, (c) Murky, (d) Shadowy, Grumble, (a) To scold, (b) To complain, (c) To sheer, (d) To fight, Crude, (a) Unrefined, (b) Cruel, (c) Rude, (d) Savage, Hostile, (a) Poor, (b) Antagonistic, (c) Delinquent, (d) Reticent, Friendly, (a) Gentle, (b) Amiable, (c) Considerate, (d) Industrious, Veil, (a) Seclude, (b) Moan, (c) Conceal, (d) Repent, Recurrent, (a) Flowing backward, (b) Healing quickly, (c) Happening, repeatedly, (d) Timely, Peculiar, (a) Same, (b) Strange, (c) Surprising, (d) Tiring, Prosper, (a) Cherish, (b) Promote, (c) Thrive, (d) Rich, Eminent, (a) Confident, (b) Authentic, (c) Ingenious, (d) Illustrious, , 91., , Fortitude, (a) Composure, (b) Confidence, (c) Courage, (d) Produce, 92. Sanitise, (a) Pleasant, (b) Disinfect, (c) Pious, (d) Crazy, 93. Favourite, (a) Preferred, (b) Focused, (c) Pleasurable, (d) Disliked, 94. Novice, (a) Beginner, (b) Virtuous, (c) Trainer, (d) Learner, 95. Adversary, (a) Poverty, (b) Contestant, (c) Opponent, (d) Intruder, 96. Dishonour, (a) Infamy, (b) Glory, (c) Uncouth, (d) Wicked, 97. Erudite, (a) Scholarly, (b) Friendly, (c) Miserly, (d) Lovely, 98. Idea, (a) Comprehension, (b) Notion, (c) Emotion, (d) Gist, 99. Takes after, (a) Follows, (b) Comes after, (c) Resembles, (d) Imitates, 100. Ill-favoured, (a) Unlucky, (b) Weak in health, (c) Short-tempered, (d) Ugly, , 101. Homage, (a) Humility, (b) Tribute, (c) Obedience, (d) Allegiance, 102. Clue, (a) Hint, (b) Inkling, (c) Intimation, (d) Signal, 103. Amazement, (a) Shock, (b) Wander, (c) Surprise, (d) Suspicion, 104. Consistency, (a) Constancy, (b) Competence, (c) Permanence, (d) Uniformity, 105. Electrifying, (a) Attractive, (b) Fearsome, (c) Exciting, (d) Disturbing, 106. Refrain, (a) Dissuade, (b) Desist, (c) Prevent, (d) Curb, 107. Merited, (a) Deserved, (b) Encouraged, (c) Prompted, (d) Supported, 108. Candid, (a) Overconfident, (b) Frank, (c) Arrogant, (d) Careless, 109. Zealous, (a) Ardent, (b) Jealous, (c) Furious, (d) Impatient, 110. Industrious, (a) Indolent, (b) Industrial, (c) Hard-working, (d) Economic, English – from Plinth to Paramount

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Synonyms, , 111. Feasible, (a) Practical, (b) Rejoice, (c) Accentuate, (d) Accurate, 112. Atrocity, (a) Envy, (b) Violence, (c) Jealousy, (d) Absurdity, 113. Fortify, (a) Create, (b) Generate, (c) Prohibit, (d) Strengthen, 114. Pacify, (a) Calm down, (b) Satisfy, (c) Rouse, (d) Rejoice, 115. Barren, (a) Good, (b) Wholesome, (c) Unproductive, (d) Profitable, 116. Infamy, (a) Notoriety, (b) Glory, (c) Integrity, (d) Familiarity, 117. Intrepid, (a) Hesitant, (b) Fearless, (c) Extrovert, (d) Familiarity, 118. Perspicuous, (a) Relevant, (b) Precise, (c) Brief, (d) Clear, 119. Sufficient, (a) Full, (b) Complete, (c) Enough, (d) Less, 120. Benevolent, (a) Beneficial, (b) Kind, (c) Helpful, (d) Supportive, English – from Plinth to Paramount, , 121. Ancestors, (a) Extinct tribes, (b) Relatives, (c) Forefathers, (d) Old people, 122. Embrace, (a) Impress, (b) Except, (c) Embarrass, (d) Accept, 123. Meek, (a) Light-hearted, (b) Serious, (c) Submissive, (d) Benign, 124. Cajole, (a) Insist, (b) Persuade, (c) Direct, (d) Recommend, 125. Fragrance, (a) Taste, (b) Aroma, (c) Sight, (d) Touch, 126. Fictitious, (a) False, (b) Frail, (c) Foul, (d) Flattering, 127. Obscene, (a) Dirty, (b) Unhealthy, (c) Indecent, (d) Unwanted, 128. Imitate, (a) Follow, (b) Copy, (c) Think, (d) Allude, 129. Enigmatic, (a) Magnetic, (b) Automatic, (c) Speeding, (d) Puzzling, 130. Despondent, (a) Deserted, (b) Dejected, (c) Rejected, (d) Repentant, , 131. Aversion, (a) Aggression, (b) Assertion, (c) Dislike, (d) Impudence, 132. Desperation, (a) Depression, (b) Jubilation, (c) Fascination, (d) Hopelessness, 133. Jubilant, (a) Brilliant, (b) Proud, (c) Ecstatic, (d) Gloomy, 134. Liberty, (a) Freedom, (b) Equality, (c) Charity, (d) Democracy, 135. Blister, (a) Chatter, (b) Travel, (c) Attack, (d) Wound, 136. Trauma, (a) Accident, (b) Art form, (c) Type of medicine, (d) Emotional shock, 137. Fabulous, (a) Beautiful, (b) Marvellous, (c) Interesting, (d) Charming, 138. Laudable, (a) Sincere, (b) Praiseworthy, (c) Benevolent, (d) Welcome, 139. Surpass, (a) Outdo, (b) Pass over, (c) Overdo, (d) Pass by, 140. Defer, (a) Indifferent, (b) Deft, (c) Differ, (d) Postpone, 323

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Synonyms, , 141. Cease, (a) Begin, (b) Stop, (c) Create, (d) Dull, 142. Pious, (a) Religious, (b) Sympathetic, (c) Afraid, (d) Faithful, 143. Abandon, (a) Forsake, (b) Keep, (c) Cherish, (d) Enlarge, 144. Intimidate, (a) Calm down, (b) View, (c) Leave, (d) Frighten, 145. Regard, (a) Respect, (b) Liking, (c) Love, (d) Suspicion, 146. Swap, (a) Snap, (b) Exchange, (c) Break, (d) Exclude, 147. Prudent, (a) Wise, (b) Cunning, (c) Frank, (d) Severe, 148. Genius, (a) A generous person, (b) A foreigner, (c) An intellect, (d) An athlete, 149. Culmination, (a) Conclusion, (b) Climax, (c) Abyss, (d) Cultivation, 150. Sporadic, (a) Surviving, (b) Sweeping, (c) Irregular, (d) Persistent, 324, , 151. Crass, (a) Casual, (b) Formal, (c) Unrefined, (d) Sterile, 152. Accomplish, (a) Amass, (b) Acquire, (c) Adhere, (d) Achieve, 153. Cursory, (a) Little, (b) Quick, (c) Eager, (d) Tender, 154. Envisaged, (a) Ensured, (b) Idealized, (c) Contemplated, (d) Imagined, 155. Clandestine, (a) Awkward, (b) Inconsistent, (c) Secret, (d) Ugly, 156. Resentment, (a) Annoyance, (b) Dispatch, (c) Disagreement, (d) Dismissal, 157. Obdurate, (a) Angry, (b) Calm, (c) Obsessed, (d) Adamant, 158. Obscure, (a) Unknown, (b) Neglectful, (c) Occasional, (d) Old, 159. Reluctant, (a) Unwilling, (b) Forego, (c) Redundant, (d) Amendable, 160. Revelation, (a) Anticipation, (b) Imagination, (c) Revel in, (d) Disclosure, , 161. Ostracise, (a) Censure, (b) Sentence, (c) Banish, (d) Berate, 162. Appalled, (a) Shocked, (b) Saddened, (c) Scared, (d) Alarmed, 163. Imbecility, (a) Stupidity, (b) Rusticity, (c) Verbosity, (d) Incoherence, 164. Collusion, (a) Conflict, (b) Secret agreement, (c) Consultation, (d) Misunderstanding, 165. Hesitant, (a) Antagonistic, (b) Grumbling, (c) Contradict, (d) Undecided, 166. Deceptive, (a) Disagreeable, (b) Misleading, (c) Mistake, (d) Debatable, 167. Palpable, (a) Obvious, (b) Immense, (c) Sufficient, (d) Hidden, 168. Laid-back, (a) Lie in wait, (b) Sorry state, (c) Lame, (d) Easy-going, 169. Sauntering, (a) Jogging, (b) Brisk walking, (c) Travelling, (d) Strolling, 170. Pompous, (a) Grandiose, (b) Polished, (c) Modest, (d) Skilled, English – from Plinth to Paramount

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Synonyms, , 171. Poignant, (a) Showy, (b) Sad, (c) Silly, (d) Snobbish, 172. Querulous, (a) Critical, (b) Curious, (c) Quarrelsome, (d) Ambiguous, 173. Audacious, (a) Brilliant, (b) Powerful, (c) Bold, (d) Frightening, 174. Perilous, (a) Hazardous, (b) Rigorous, (c) Resilient, (d) Requisite, 175. Reverie, (a) Determination, (b) Day-dream, (c) Reality, (d) Realization, 176. Genial, (a) Cordial, (b) Unselfish, (c) Careful, (d) Specific, 177. Accrue, (a) Accumulate, (b) Accommodate, (c) Grow, (d) Suffice, 178. Loquacious, (a) Talkative, (b) Slow, (c) Content, (d) Unclear, 179. Vindictive, (a) Imaginative, (b) Accusative, (c) Spiteful, (d) Aggressive, 180. Inclement, (a) Selfish, (b) Active, (c) Unfavourable, (d) Inactive, English – from Plinth to Paramount, , 181. Hostility, (a) Illness, (b) Enmity, (c) Disturbance, (d) Derogatory, 182. Indifferent, (a) Dissimilar, (b) Various, (c) Interference, (d) Unconcerned, 183. Condemn, (a) Censure, (b) Despair, (c) Kill, (d) Hit, 184. Defect, (a) Loss, (b) Harm, (c) Shortcoming, (d) Delicate, 185. Jealous, (a) Envious, (b) Unhappy, (c) Regretful, (d) Remorse, 186. Weary, (a) Careless, (b) Shivering, (c) Troubled, (d) Weak, 187. Plausible, (a) Pleasing taste, (b) Seemingly true, (c) Manageable, (d) Cannot be proved, 188. Creditable, (a) Able to lend money, (b) Bringing praise, (c) Able to repay a loan, (d) Fit to be believed, 189. Salient, (a) Most important, (b) Salt-like taste, (c) Pleasing, (d) Satisfactory, 190. Fragile, (a) Soft, (b) Smooth, (c) Flexible, (d) Easily broken, , 191. Reticent, (a) Sensitive, (b) Secretive, (c) Not feeling well, (d) Not saying much, 192. Reciprocal, (a) Formal, (b) Favorable, (c) Mutual, (d) Sustainable, 193. Apprise, (a) Inform, (b) Estimate, (c) Admire, (d) Require, 194. Consensus, (a) Awareness, (b) General agreement, (c) Careful observation, (d) Praiseworthy, 195. Unceremonious, (a) Impolite, (b) Informal, (c) Incomplete, (d) Irregular, 196. Treason, (a) Absurdity, (b) Disloyalty, (c) Dishonesty, (d) Deception, 197. Amiable, (a) Popular, (b) Generous, (c) Friendly, (d) Reasonable, 198. Lucid, (a) Fluent, (b) Clear, (c) Musical, (d) Familiar, 199. Ravaged, (a) Destroyed, (b) Spoiled, (c) Conquered, (d) Robbed, 200. Perplexed, (a) Annoyed, (b) Disappointed, (c) Puzzled, (d) Ruined, 325

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Synonyms, , 201. Anonymity, (a) Reputation, (b) Publicity, (c) Being unknown, (d) Wrong address, 202. Ephemeral, (a) Disturbing, (b) Filthy, (c) Short-lived, (d) Poverty-stricken, 203. Caption, (a) Joke, (b) Definition, (c) Meaning, (d) Title, 204. Battered, (a) Destroyed, (b) Dashed on, (c) Struck hard, (d) Struck off, 205. Extravagant, (a) Hardworking, (b) Good, (c) Extraordinary, (d) Spendthrift, 206. Redundant, (a) Superfluous, (b) Uninterested, (c) Introspective, (d) Knowledgeable, 207. Hindered, (a) Damaged, (b) Disturbed, (c) Obstructed, (d) Protested, 208. Concealed, (a) Covered, (b) Closed, (c) Sealed, (d) Hidden, 209. Relish, (a) Realize, (b) Taste, (c) Enjoy, (d) Reveal, 210. Acute, (a) Dull, (b) Drowsy, (c) Unpleasant, (d) Sharp, 326, , 211. Solicit, (a) Command, (b) Request, (c) Sympathize, (d) Agree, 212. Surmount, (a) Discount, (b) Surround, (c) Overcome, (d) Capture, 213. Pertinent, (a) Indirect, (b) Relevant, (c) Direct, (d) Important, 214. Nebulous, (a) Revolutionary, (b) Vague, (c) Starting, (d) Idiotic, 215. Ubiquitous, (a) Omnipresent, (b) Omnipotent, (c) Omniscient, (d) Affluent, 216. Corroborate, (a) Collaborate, (b) Substantiate, (c) Co-operate, (d) Correlate, 217. Adequate, (a) Necessary, (b) Sufficient, (c) Procured, (d) Additional, 218. Solecism, (a) Abuse, (b) Witty quip, (c) Clever argument, (d) Grammatical error, 219. Delirious, (a) Delicious, (b) Pleasing, (c) Desperate, (d) Excited, 220. Licentious, (a) Immoral, (b) Intellectual, (c) Moral, (d) Without license, , 221. Squander, (a) Expensive, (b) Waste, (c) Litter, (d) Economical, 222. Abated, (a) Reduced, (b) Vanished, (c) Increased, (d) Stabilized, 223. Abrogate, (a) Repeal, (b) Destroy, (c) Delay, (d) Dismiss, 224. Abstemious, (a) Resistant, (b) Temperate, (c) Superstitions, (d) Careful, 225. Allegiance, (a)Servility, (b)Obedience, (c) Loyalty, (d) Passivity, 226. Amicable, (a) Poisonous, (b) Co-operative, (c) Satisfying, (d) Heartening, 227. Ample, (a) Meagre, (b) Quantitative, (c) Sufficient, (d) Tasty, 228. Baleful, (a) Harmful, (b) Doubtful, (c) Useful, (d) Helpful, 229. Benevolence, (a) Ill will, (b) Morbidity, (c) Kindness, (d) Vision, 230. Camouflage, (a) Hide, (b) Reveal, (c) Disguise, (d) Pretend, English – from Plinth to Paramount

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Synonyms, , 231. Chivalrous, (a) Crude, (b) Gallant, (c) Handsome, (d)Tinkering, 232. Covenant, (a)Case, (b) Coupon, (c) Contract, (d) Settlement, 233. Dainty, (a)Carefree, (b)Feminine and happy, (c)Delicacy, (d)Small and graceful, 234. Deference, (a) Indifference, (b) Sympathy, (c) Respect, (d) Flattery, 235. Dormant, (a) Sleeping, (b) Humble, (c) Quick, (d) Active, 236. Dramatic, (a) Unprecedented, (b)Thrilling, (c) Spectacular, (d) Effective, 237. Dubious, (a) Doubtful, (b) Disputable, (c) Duplicate, (d) Dangerous, 238. Duplicity, (a) Repetition, (b) Artlessness, (c) Deception, (d) Cleverness, 239. Eternal, (a) Innumerable, (b) Immeasurable, (c) Prolonged, (d) Perpetual, 240. Evince, (a) Look, (b) Try, (c) Apply, (d) Show, English – from Plinth to Paramount, , 241. Evoked, (a) Escaped, (b) Called forth, (c) Produced, (d) Summoned, 242. Flabbergasted, (a) Scared, (b) Embarrassed, (c) Dumbfounded, (d) Humiliated, 243. Flimsy, (a) Weak, (b) Strong, (c) Justified, (d) Impulsive, 244. Garish, (a) Unusual, (b) Exciting, (c) Confused, (d) Gaudy, 245. Implacable, (a) Relentless, (b) Unappeasable, (c) Dangerous, (d) Courageous, 246. Indict, (a) To accuse, (b) Entrapment, (c) Indoctrination, (d) Inducement, 247. Indigent, (a) Indian men, (b) Poor, (c) Guilty, (d) Untried, 248. Innocuous, (a) Abominable, (b) Harmless, (c) Harmful, (d) Useful, 249. Innuendoes, (a) Indications, (b) Inspiring quotes, (c) Witty remarks, (d) Insinuations, 250. Insolent, (a) Violent, (b) Polite, (c) Insulting, (d) Frivolous, , 251. Irreverence, (a) Disrespect, (b) Cruelty, (c) Unkindness, (d) Invalidity, 252. Latent, (a)Primitive, (b) Hidden, (c) Potent, (d) Talented, 253. Massive, (a) Tall, (b) Large in size, (c) Total, (d) Little, 254. Obnoxious, (a) Depressing, (b) Disgusting, (c) Arrogant, (d) Filthy, 255. Panacea, (a) Flatter, (b) Praise, (c) Inactivity, (d) Cure-all, 256. Pragmatic, (a) Practical, (b) Playful, (c) Causal, (d) Clever, 257. Reparation, (a) Compensation, (b) Co-relation, (c) Aspersion, (d) Delegation, 258. Salutary, (a) Premature, (b) Terrible, (c) Disastrous, (d) Beneficial, 259. Shrink, (a) Contract, (b) Physician, (c) Reduce, (d) Shrivel, 260. Soporific, (a) Soothing, (b) Terrific, (c) Supreme, (d) Sleep-inducing, 327

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Synonyms, , 261. Vagary, (a)Lapse of memory, (b) Companionship, (c) gang, (d) impulse, 262. Coax, (a) Pacify, (b) Punish, (c) Persuade, (d) Please, 263. Renowned, (a) Notorious, (b) Great, , 266. Transparent, (a) Translucent, (b) Opaque, (c) Clear, (d) Sharp, 267. Fruitless, (a) Successful, (b) barren, (c) Useless, (d) Insufficient, , (c) Brave, (d) Famous, 264. Blaze, (a) Rage, (b) Rush, (c) Fire, (d) Mark, 265. Tangential, (a) partly, (b) forcefully, (c)superficial, relevance, (d) fitfully, , ANSWER KEY, 1., 11., 21., 31., 41., 51., 61., 71., 81., 91., 101., 111., 121., 131., 141., 151., 161., 171., 181., 191., 201., 211., 221., 231., 241., 251., 261., , 328, , (c), (b), (a), (b), (d), (b), (c), (b), (b), (c), (b), (a), (c), (c), (b), (c), (c), (b), (b), (d), (c), (b), (b), (b), (b), (a), (d), , 2., 12., 22., 32., 42., 52., 62., 72., 82., 92., 102., 112., 122., 132., 142., 152., 162., 172., 182., 192., 202., 212., 222., 232., 242., 252., 262., , (d), (c), (b), (b), (d), (b), (c), (c), (b), (b), (a), (b), (d), (d), (a), (d), (a), (c), (d), (c), (c), (c), (a), (c), (c), (b), (c), , 3., 13., 23., 33., 43., 53., 63., 73., 83., 93., 103., 113., 123., 133., 143., 153., 163., 173., 183., 193., 203., 213., 223., 233., 243., 253., 263., , (c), (b), (b), (c), (b), (a), (b), (d), (a), (a), (c), (d), (c), (c), (a), (b), (a), (c), (a), (a), (d), (b), (a), (d), (a), (b), (d), , 4., 14., 24., 34., 44., 54., 64., 74., 84., 94., 104., 114., 124., 134., 144., 154., 164., 174., 184., 194., 204., 214., 224., 234., 244., 254., 264., , (c), (c), (b), (c), (a), (c), (c), (d), (b), (a), (d), (a), (b), (a), (d), (d), (b), (a), (c), (b), (a), (b), (d), (c), (d), (b), (c), , 5., 15., 25., 35., 45., 55., 65., 75., 85., 95., 105., 115., 125., 135., 145., 155., 165., 175., 185., 195., 205., 215., 225., 235., 245., 255., 265., , (b), (b), (a), (d), (c), (b), (c), (d), (b), (c), (c), (c), (b), (d), (a), (c), (d), (b), (a), (a), (d), (a), (c), (a), (b), (d), (c), , 6., 16., 26., 36., 46., 56., 66., 76., 86., 96., 106., 116., 126., 136., 146., 156., 166., 176., 186., 196., 206., 216., 226., 236., 246., 256., 266., , (b), (b), (b), (a), (b), (d), (b), (c), (c), (a), (b), (a), (a), (d), (b), (a), (b), (b), (c), (b), (a), (b), (b), (c), (a), (a), (c), , 7., 17., 27., 37., 47., 57., 67., 77., 87., 97., 107., 117., 127., 137., 147., 157., 167., 177., 187., 197., 207., 217., 227., 237., 247., 257., 267., , (c), (d), (a), (c), (d), (d), (c), (a), (c), (a), (a), (b), (c), (b), (a), (d), (a), (a), (b), (c), (c), (b), (c), (a), (b), (a), (c), , 8., 18., 28., 38., 48., 58., 68., 78., 88., 98., 108., 118., 128., 138., 148., 158., 168., 178., 188., 198., 208., 218., 228., 238., 248., 258., , (a), (d), (c), (b), (b), (c), (b), (b), (b), (b), (b), (d), (b), (b), (c), (a), (d), (a), (b), (b), (d), (d), (a), (c), (b), (d), , 9., 19., 29., 39., 49., 59., 69., 79., 89., 99., 109., 119., 129., 139., 149., 159., 169., 179., 189., 199., 209., 219., 229., 239., 249., 259., , (d), (b), (d), (a), (b), (c), (b), (d), (c), (c), (a), (c), (d), (a), (b), (a), (d), (c), (a), (a), (c), (d), (c), (d), (d), (d), , 10., 20., 30., 40., 50., 60., 70., 80., 90., 100., 110., 120., 130., 140., 150., 160., 170., 180., 190., 200., 210., 220., 230., 240., 250., 260., , (a), (b), (c), (d), (d), (a), (a), (c), (d), (a), (c), (b), (b), (d), (c), (d), (a), (c), (d), (c), (d), (a), (a), (d), (c), (d), , English – from Plinth to Paramount

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Antonyms, , 19, , ANTONYMS, , CHAPTER, , Directions: in questions no. 1 to 298 choose the word opposite in meaning to the, given word and mark it in the answer sheet., 1., , 2., , 3., , 4., , 5., , 6., , 7., , Fastidious, (a) Fussy, (b) Cooperative, (c) Promising, (d) Adjustable, Shallow, (a) High, (b) Long, (c) Wide, (d) Deep, Explicit, (a) Elusive, (b) Allusive, (c) Ambidextrous, (d) Ambiguous, Immune, (a) Free, (b) Vulnerable, (c) Powerful, (d) Weak, Bleak, (a) Dull, (b) Dark, (c) Bright, (d) Exposure, Veneration, (a) Fear, (b) Reverence, (c) Remorse, (d) Disrespect, Insolent, (a) Ignorant, (b) Proud, (c) Laudable, (d) Humble, , English – from Plinth to Paramount, , 8., , 9., , 10., , 11., , 12., , 13., , 14., , Urban, (a) Rustic, (b) Rural, (c) Civil, (d) Foreign, Incredible, (a) Possible, (b) Believable, (c) Enjoyable, (d) Imaginary, Concur, (a) Disagree, (b) Disappear, (c) Disarrange, (d) Discourage, Quiet, (a) Strong, (b) Pandemonium, (c) Incomplete, (d) Violent, Vague, (a) Clear, (b) Dull, (c) Unknown, (d) Shady, Inevitable, (a) Avoidable, (b) Unnecessary, (c) Inseparable, (d) Uncertain, Humility, (a) Dignity, (b) Cruelty, (c) Anger, (d) Pride, , 15., , 16., , 17., , 18., , 19., , 20., , 21., , Rapidly, (a) Lazily, (b) Secretly, (c) Slowly, (d) Firmly, Extol, (a) Heckle, (b) Censure, (c) Hate, (d) Scold, Make, (a) Liberate, (b) Break, (c) Emancipate, (d) Bind, Terminate, (a) Hasten, (b) Depart, (c) Begin, (d) Change, Successor, (a) Failure, (b) Loser, (c) Predecessor, (d) Predator, Demolish, (a) Shift, (b) Build, (c) Repeat, (d) Hide, Genial, (a) Stupid, (b) Stingy, (c) Boorish, (d) Unkind, 329

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Antonyms, , 22., , 23., , 24., , 25., , 26., , 27., , 28., , 29., , 30., , 31., , 330, , Prevent, (a) Protect, (b) Black, (c) Hinder, (d) Induce, Plausible, (a) Inplausible, (b) Unplausible, (c) Implausible/ Unbelievable, (d) Displausible, Frailty, (a) Energy, (b) Intensity, (c) Vehemence, (d) Strength, Flair, (a) Spreading outward, (b) Inability, (c) Spotlight, (d) Taste, Collapse, (a) Rise, (b) Handicap, (c) Crush, (d) Crumble, Dormant, (a) Acute, (b) Active, (c) Able, (d) Ablaze, Anxious, (a) Crafty, (b) Light, (c) Carefree, (d) Careless, Hazy, (a) Plain, (b) Light, (c) Clear, (d) Dull, Thrifty, (a) Clean, (b) Loyal, (c) Wasteful, (d) Reverent, Fantastic, (a) Old, (b) Ordinary, (c) Classic, (d) Rational, , 32., , 33., , 34., , 35., , 36., , 37., , 38., , 39., , 40., , 41., , Innovate, (a) Sell, (b) Buy, (c) Close, (d) Copy, Asceticism, (a) Comfort, (b) Luxury, (c) Anti-semitism, (d) Humility, Enduring, (a) Fleeting, (b) Painful, (c) Permanent, (d) Long lasting, Dissolution, (a) Retribution, (b) Establishment, (c) Persuasion, (d) Compliance, Progressive, (a) Repressive, (b) Retrogressive, (c) Repulsive, (d) Aggressive, Unnerved, (a) Confident, (b) Nervous, (c) Hopeful, (d) Anxious, Vague, (a) Unclear, (b) Sharp, (c) Precise, (d) Actual, Harmony, (a) Disagreement, (b) Melody, (c) Confusion, (d) Concord, Purposely, (a) Half-heartedly, (b) Timidly, (c) Unintentionally, (d) Hesitatingly, Guilty, (a) Innocent, (b) Ignorant, (c) Irreverent, (d) Immature, , 42., , 43., , 44., , 45., , 46., , 47., , 48., , 49., , 50., , 51., , Brave, (a) Sorry, (b) Bold, (c) Timid, (d) Boisterous, Duplicity, (a) Complexity, (b) Honesty, (c) Serenity, (d) Originality, Opaque, (a) Brilliant, (b) Bright, (c) Transparent, (d) Lustrous, Jocular, (a) Merry, (b) Morose, (c) Jugular, (d) Juggler, Hinder, (a) Encourage, (b) Acknowledge, (c) Prohibit, (d) Instruct, Uncompromising, (a) Courteous, (b) Flexible, (c) Awesome, (d) Soft, Zeal, (a) Disinterest, (b) Apathy, (c) Carelessness, (d) Hatred, Desecration, (a) Consecration, (b) Discouragement, (c) Despondency, (d) Expectation, Shimmering, (a) Gloomy, (b) Glimmering, (c) Refreshing, (d) Repining, Far-fetched, (a) Wise, (b) Prudent, (c) Located for, (d) Realistic, , English – from Plinth to Paramount

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Antonyms, , 52., , 53., , 54., , 55., , 56., , 57., , 58., , 59., , 60., , 61., , Takes off, (a) Travels, (b) Falls, (c) Explodes, (d) Lands, Niggardly, (a) Hastily, (b) Lavishly, (c) Likely, (d) Gorgeously, Melodious, (a) Harmonious, (b) Tuneless, (c) Odious, (d) Mellifluous, Advanced, (a) Progressed, (b) Outpaced, (c) Receded, (d) Run back, Enlightened, (a) Slander, (b) Bemoan, (c) Ignorant, (d) Before, Exceptional, (a) Great, (b) Occasional, (c) Common, (d) Absorbing, Permanent, (a) Long, (b) Short, (c) Durable, (d) Temporary, Moderate, (a) Abnormal, (b) Weak, (c) Extreme, (d) Separate, Diffidence, (a) Boldness, (b) Outspokenness, (c) Fluency, (d) Obstinacy, Superficial, (a) Careful, (b) Of surface, (c) Thorough, (d) Casual, , English – from Plinth to Paramount, , 62., , 63., , 64., , 65., , 66., , 67., , 68., , 69., , 70., , 71., , Reckless, (a) Careful, (b) Frank, (c) Diffident, (d) Smart, Scorn, (a) Contempt, (b) Joy, (c) Admiration, (d) Pity, Grandiose, (a) Simple, (b) False, (c) Ideal, (d) Proud, Trivial, (a) Serious, (b) Violent, (c) Wild, (d) Unimportant, Lurid, (a) Dismal, (b) Mild, (c) Murky, (d) Mysterious, Loquacious, (a) Reserved, (b) Miserly, (c) Eloquent, (d) Healthy, Unscrupulous, (a) Conscientious, (b) Dedicated, (c) Single-minded, (d) Superfluous, Confiscate, (a) Produce, (b) Release, (c) Destroy, (d) Exhibit, Contaminate, (a) Sanctify, (b) Invigorate, (c) Taint, (d) Purify, Often, (a) Usually, (b) Rarely, (c) Sometimes, (d) Occasionally, , 72., , 73., , 74., , 75., , 76., , 77., , 78., , 79., , 80., , 81., , Frugal, (a) Economical, (b) Extravagant, (c) Miserly, (d) Greedy, Eminent, (a) Illustrious, (b) Notorious, (c) Intelligent, (d) Known, Barbarous, (a) Civilized, (b) Modern, (c) Polite, (d) Praiseworthy, Embark upon, (a) Launch, (b) Analyse, (c) Break off, (d) Conclude, Falling off, (a) Shrinkage, (b) Erosion, (c) Improvement, (d) Descent, Depressed, (a) Satisfied, (b) Elated, (c) Impressed, (d) Affected, Yield to, (a) Submit to, (b) Persuade, (c) Resist, (d) Seek terms with, Paucity, (a) Overflow, (b) Inflow, (c) Plenty, (d) Grim, Conclusive, (a) Powerful, (b) Indecisive, (c) Exclusive, (d) Partial, Triggered, (a) Choked, (b) Tapered off, (c) Diluted, (d) Ignited, 331

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Antonyms, , 82., , 83., , 84., , 85., , 86., , 87., , 88., , 89., , 90., , 91., , 332, , Parallel, (a) Divergent, (b) Difficult, (c) Similar, (d) Crooked, Manifested, (a) Displayed, (b) Concealed, (c) Suppressed, (d) Marked, Blocked, (a) Facilitated, (b) Started, (c) Checked, (d) Promoted, Vindictive, (a) careless, (b) forgiving, (c) heedless, (d) refined, Turn coat, (a)Loyal, (b) Disappointing, (c) Thrilling, (d) Nail-biting, Inaugurate, (a) Terminate, (b) Inculcate, (c) Facilitate, (d) Ameliorate, Embellish, (a) Dishonour, (b) Demolish, (c) Spoil, (d) Suffice, Detest, (a) Test, (b) Dislike, (c) Like, (d) Interest, Intentional, (a) Accidental, (b) Undecided, (c) Concentrated, (d) Broken, Commence, (a) Start, (b) Schedule, (c) Conclude, (d) Dissolve, , 92., , Expand, (a) Contract, (b) Contrast, (c) Consist, (d) Controvert, 93. Prosperity, (a) Propriety, (b) Property, (c) Adversity, (d) Perspicacity, 94. Stimulate, (a) Encourage, (b) Discourage, (c) Tempt, (d) Instigate, 95. Deliberate, (a) Unconditional, (b) Unintentional, (c) Unilateral, (d) Emotional, 96. Perilous, (a) Pitiable, (b) Difficult, (c) Safe, (d) Comfortable, 97. Disputable, (a) Undisputable, (b) Indisputable, (c) Nondisputable, (d) Adisputable, 98. Audacious, (a) Cautious, (b) Timid, (c) Rude, (d) Proud, 99. Meticulous, (a) Unmerited, (b) Unimaginative, (c) Carefree, (d) Careless, 100. Repel, (a) Attract, (b) Interest, (c) Tempt, (d) Like, 101. Dim, (a) Transparent, (b) Luminous, (c) Opaque, (d) Dazzling, , 102. Genuine, (a) Genius, (b) Honest, (c) Affected, (d) Fictitious, 103. Ham-fisted, (a) Simple, (b) Adroit, (c) Difficult, (d) Vague, 104. Implicit, (a) Explicit, (b) Implied, (c) Explained, (d) Exquisite, 105. Capture, (a) Catch, (b) Detain, (c) Liberate, (d) Stop, 106. Repulsive, (a) Attractive, (b) Offensive, (c) Defensive, (d) Pensive, 107. Misery, (a) Sorry, (b) Careless, (c) Joy, (d) Content, 108. Escalate, (a) Decrease, (b) Descend, (c) Deliver, (d) Derive, 109. Anarchy, (a) Curfew, (b) Permanence, (c) Wholesome, (d) Order, 110. Commotion, (a) Transmission, (b) Tranquillity, (c) Transparency, (d) Transition, 111. Monotony, (a) Enthusiasm, (b) Repetitiveness, (c) Variety, (d) Singularity, English – from Plinth to Paramount

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Antonyms, , 112. Latter, (a) Earlier, (b) Before, (c) Later, (d) Former, 113. Dynamic, (a) Stable, (b) Still, (c) Lazy, (d) Static, 114. Diligent, (a) Intelligent, (b) Lazy, (c) Boastful, (d) Notorious, 115. Hereditary, (a) Carried, (b) Acquired, (c) Possessed, (d) Regained, 116. Philistine, (a) Cultured, (b) Libertine, (c) Sober, (d) Educated, 117. Heretical, (a) Contradictory, (b) Doubtful, (c) Impious, (d) Orthodox, 118. Ingest, (a) Disrupt, (b) Disgorge, (c) Dismiss, (d) Display, 119. Implicate, (a) Exonerate, (b) Impersonate, (c) Complicate, (d) Impose, 120. Laceration, (a) Convalescence, (b) Recouperation, (c) Healing, (d) Palpitation, 121. Liberty, (a) Serenity, (b) Slavery, (c) Serfdom, (d) Subordinate, English – from Plinth to Paramount, , 122. Disorderly, (a) Chaotic, (b) Organized, (c) Adjusted, (d) Arranged, 123. Elevation, (a) Reduction, (b) Humiliation, (c) Increment, (d) Debasement, 124. Glossy, (a) Dull, (b) Shining, (c) Weary, (d) Tired, 125. Boon, (a) Dull, (b) Bane, (c) Hurt, (d) Harsh, 126. Accomplish, (a) Fail, (b) Improper, (c) Disagreeable, (d) Scatter, 127. Famous, (a) Obscure, (b) Eminent, (c) Lenient, (d) Fabulous, 128. Orderly, (a) Unclear, (b) Valueless, (c) Chaotic, (d) Incomplete, 129. Gloomy, (a) Radiant, (b) Fragrant, (c) Melodious, (d) Illusory, 130. Strife, (a) War, (b) Peace, (c) Anger, (d) Woe, 131. Isolation, (a) Segregation, (b) Association, (c) Seclusion, (d) Deportation, , 132. Antique, (a) Common, (b) Recent, (c) Innovative, (d) Youthful, 133. Contented, (a) Dissatisfied, (b) Emptied, (c) Happy, (d) Unfriendly, 134. Rapid, (a) Happy, (b) Fall, (c) Slow, (d) Abnormal, 135. Severe, (a) Sharp, (b) Mild, (c) Important, (d) Cut, 136. Initiated, (a) Complicated, (b) Simplified, (c) Concluded, (d) Commenced, 137. Consensus, (a) Accept, (b) Opinion, (c) Disagreement, (d) Permission, 138. Fatigued, (a) Weakened, (b) Energised, (c) Tired, (d) Activated, 139. Autonomy, (a) Slavery, (b) Subordination, (c) Dependence, (d) Submissiveness, 140. Flexible, (a) Rigid, (b) Cruel, (c) Humble, (d) Easy, 141. Artificial, (a) Artful, (b) Machine-made, (c) Artistic, (d) Natural, 333

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Antonyms, , 142. Delete, (a) Regress, (b) Interpolate, (c) Infer, (d) Include, 143. Benefactor, (a) Helper, (b) Victor, (c) Disciple, (d) Enemy, 144. Evanescent, (a) Clean, (b) Tight, (c) Eternal, (d) Cheap, 145. Barren, (a) Fertile, (b) Rich, (c) Prosperous, (d) Positive, 146. Virtue, (a) Vice, (b) Failure, (c) Fault, (d) Offence, 147. Nervous, (a) Flawless, (b) Immature, (c) Smooth, (d) Composed, 148. Confident, (a) Worried, (b) Pessimistic, (c) Diffident, (d) Depressed, 149. Evident, (a) Suspected, (b) Disagreed, (c) hidden, (d) Unimportant, 150. Adamant, (a) Yielding, (b) Permissive, (c) Liberal, (d) Tolerant, 151. Professional, (a) Novice, (b) Amateur, (c) Dabbler, (d) Apprentice, 334, , 152. Callous, (a) Persuasive, (b) Caring, (c) Gentle, (d) Sensitive, 153. Cessation, (a) Commencement, (b) Renewal, (c) Ongoing, (d) Interruption, 154. Procrastinate, (a) Experiment, (b) Expedite, (c) Exclude, (d) Propagate, 155. Potent, (a) Inefficient, (b) Soft, (c) Fragile, (d) Weak, 156. Probity, (a) Dishonesty, (b) Timidity, (c) Treachery, (d) Insincerity, 157. Gregarious, (a) Recluse, (b) Social, (c) Laudatory, (d) Rustic, 158. Sporadic, (a) Surviving, (b) Sweeping, (c) Restrained, (d) Continual, 159. Implication, (a) Consideration, (b) Exoneration, (c) Conclusion, (d) Interpretation, 160. Apposite, (a) Intemperate, (b) Inappropriate, (c) Indecent, (d) Incriminatory, 161. Gregarious, (a) Indecent, (b) Unsociable, (c) Above reproach, (d) Unlovable, , 162. Chivalry, (a) Cawardish, (b) Discourtesy, (c) Disobedience, (d) Disaffection, 163. Dismal, (a) Bright, (b) Indifferent, (c) Fast, (d) Energetic, 164. Sanguine temper, (a) Despairing nature, (b) Peaceful temperament, (c) Rude behaviour, (d) Selfish nature, 165. Meagre, (a) Extravagant, (b) Abandon, (c) Prosperous, (d) Surplus, 166. Imperil, (a) Safeguard, (b) Construct, (c) Create, (d) Brighten, 167. Flamboyant, (a) Elaborately, (b) Really, (c) Not showy, (d) Sensibly, 168. Consolidated, (a) Disjointed, (b) Broken, (c) Weakened, (d) Lost, 169. Chronic, (a) Pathetic, (b) Characteristic, (c) Temporary, (d) Mild, 170. Vituperative, (a) Joyous, (b) Laudatory, (c) Critical, (d) Virtuous, 171. Awkward, (a) Awful, (b) Satisfactory, (c) Graceful, (d) Easy, English – from Plinth to Paramount

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Antonyms, , 172. Smug, (a) Satisfied, (b) Dissatisfied, (c) Serious, (d) Delighted, 173. Oppressive, (a) Gentle, (b) Harsh, (c) Smooth, (d) Orderly, 174. Obscure, (a) Inconspicuous, (b) Veiled, (c) Clear, (d) Distinct, 175. Clinch, (a) Lose, (b) Clasp, (c) Deal, (d) Seal, 176. Enervate, (a) Decelerate, (b) Strengthen, (c) Push forward, (d) Aggravate, 177. To put up with, (a) To stay together, (b) To talk politely, (c) To dislike, (d) To move along with, 178. Autonomous, (a) Self-government, (b) Dependent, (c) Defensive, (d) Neutral, 179. Deceitful, (a) Sincere, (b) Useful, (c) Plain, (d) Honest, 180. Exonerate, (a) Admit, (b) Release, (c) Convict, (d) Reject, 181. Exaggerate, (a) Underwrite, (b) Understate, (c) Ignore, (d) Condemn, English – from Plinth to Paramount, , 182. Controversial, (a) Indisputable, (b) Restrained, (c) Controlled, (d) Appeasing, 183. Synthetic, (a) Natural, (b) Plastic, (c) Cosmetic, (d) Apathetic, 184. Accord, (a) Disagreement, (b) Welcome, (c) Disrespect, (d) Conformity, 185. Infirmity, (a) Employment, (b) Indisposition, (c) Strength, (d) Weakness, 186. Feasible, (a) Useful, (b) Impractical, (c) Uneven, (d) Important, 187. Deny, (a) Accept, (b) Proceed, (c) Hold, (d) Promote, 188. Acquit, (a) Inform, (b) Release, (c) Abuse, (d) Condemn, 189. Benediction, (a) Best wishes, (b) Use, (c) Curse, (d) Blessing, 190. Affluence, (a) Not being fluent, (b) Poverty, (c) Difficult, (d) Unhealthy, 191. Forbid, (a) Defy, (b) Dislike, (c) Permit, (d) Understand, , 192. Harmonious, (a) Selfish, (b) Aggressive, (c) Mechanical, (d) Discordant, 193. Inconspicuous, (a) Open-hearted, (b) Open-minded, (c) Prominent, (d) Smooth, 194. Factual, (a) Actual, (b) Idealistic, (c) Unrealistic, (d) Verbal, 195. Abandon, (a) Assert, (b) Retain, (c) Produce, (d) Twist, 196. Assent, (a) Breakdown, (b) Misunderstand, (c) Dispatch, (d) Disagreement, 197. Fickle, (a) Constant, (b) Convenient, (c) Questionable, (d) Faithful, 198. Discreet, (a) Worthy, (b) Wishful thinking, (c) Honest, (d) Careless in, behaviour, 199. Articulate, (a) Unable to understand, (b) Unable to express, oneself, (c) Unable to agree, (d) Unable to live, 200. Unjust, (a) Serious, (b) Self-centred, (c) Fair-minded, (d) Considerable, 335

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Antonyms, , 201. Humble, (a) Rich, (b) Powerful, (c) Haughty, (d) Strong, 202. Exemptions, (a) Generalisation, (b) Liberalisation, (c) Exclusions, (d) Inclusions, 203. Prominent, (a) Unknown, (b) Treason, (c) Loyalty, (d) Distrust, 204. Alleviate, (a) Intensity, (b) Magnify, (c) Mitigate, (d) Aggravate, 205. Disperse, (a) Converge, (b) Smile, (c) Dispense, (d) Sing, 206. Ambiguous, (a) Truthful, (b) Lucid, (c) Logical, (d) Systematic, 207. Hilarious, (a) Unworthy, (b) Unpleasant, (c) Ill-fated, (d) Serious, 208. Tolerance, (a) Loathing, (b) Brawl, (c) Plea, (d) Forbid, 209. Steadfast, (a) Staunch, (b) Feeble, (c) Faint, (d) Wavering, 210. Conceited, (a) Proud, (b) Honest, (c) Modest, (d) Modern, 336, , 211. Deterrent, (a) Determinant, (b) Detriment, (c) Encouragement, (d) Enrichment, 212. Spurious, (a) Truthful, (b) Authentic, (c) Credible, (d) Original, 213. Slander, (a) Gain, (b) Profit, (c) Praise, (d) Loss, 214. Reveal, (a) Appeal, (b) Relax, (c) Recover, (d) Conceal, 215. Admonish, (a) Condemn, (b) Bless, (c) Praise, (d) Congratulate, 216. Adulation, (a) Flattery, (b) Encomium, (c) Confession, (d) Condemnation, 217. Affirmation, (a) Denial, (b) Refusal, (c) Opposition, (d) Obstruction, 218. Affluent, (a) Poor, (b) Ordinary, (c) Infamous, (d) Backward, 219. Agony, (a) Ecstasy, (b) Laughter, (c) Humdrum, (d) Ecstasy, 220. Appalling, (a) Shocking, (b) Consoling, (c) Scaring, (d) Horrifying, , 221. Candid, (a) Frank, (b) Diplomatic, (c) Reserved, (d) Impertinent, 222. Comaraderies, (a) Curiosity, (b) Ferocity, (c) Impetuosity, (d) Animosity, 223. Convicted, (a) Charged, (b) Relieved, (c) Dismissed, (d) Acquitted, 224. Convoluted, (a) Simple, (b) Complicated, (c) Difficult, (d) Majestic, 225. Curtail, (a) Lengthen, (b) Shorten, (c) Entail, (d) Close, 226. Dense, (a) Scarce, (b) Slim, (c) Sparse, (d) Lean, 227. Diminished, (a) Created, (b) Rose, (c) Increased, (d) Lessen, 228. Ephemeral, (a) Eternal, (b) Transitory, (c) Mortal, (d) Temporal, 229. Escalating, (a) Fixed, (b) Fluctuating, (c) Falling, (d) Reasonable, 230. Esteem, (a) Power, (b) Guess, (c) Contempt, (d) Estimate, English – from Plinth to Paramount

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Antonyms, , 231. Exotic, (a) Wonderful, (b) Cosmopolitan, (c) Irrelevant, (d) Common, 232. Fetter, (a) Restore, (b) Liberate, (c) Exonerate, (d) Distract, 233. Flourish, (a) Perish, (b) Degenerate, (c) Decay, (d) Dismiss, 234. Futile, (a) Waste, (b) Expensive, (c) Useful, (d) Cheap, 235. Garrulous, (a) Vociferous, (b) Eloquent, (c) Taciturn, (d) Vocal, 236. Gratuitous, (a) Uncharitable, (b) Grand appearance, (c) Warranted, (d) Being grateful, 237. In toto, (a) Bluntly, (b) Partially, (c) Entirely, (d) Strongly, 238. Fleeting, (a) Glossy, (b) Perpetual, (c) Aspiring, (d) Sufficient, 239. Inert, (a) Active, (b) Lazy, (c) Strong, (d) Resolute, 240. Initial, (a) Terminal, (b) Commencing, (c) Delayed, (d) Disastrous, English – from Plinth to Paramount, , 241. Intimidating, (a) Authoritative, (b) Casual, (c) Non-serious, (d) Friendly, 242. Jest, (a) Gravity, (b) Grim, (c) Genial, (d) Sport, 243. Latent, (a) Unspoken, (b) Later, (c) Implicit, (d) Obvious, 244. Maladroit, (a) Authoritative, (b) Skilful, (c) Maladjusted, (d) Malevolent, 245. Malevolence, (a) Tenderness, (b) Kindness, (c) Benefiting, (d) Indulgence, 246. Malice, (a) Sympathy, (b) Goodwill, (c) Friendship, (d) Attraction, 247. Monotonous, (a) Disastrous, (b) Terrifying, (c) Terrible, (d) Interesting, 248. Obscene, (a) Disobedient, (b) Decent, (c) Dislocate, (d) Cautious, 249. Opposed, (a) Resistant, (b) Against, (c) Favouring, (d) Similar, 250. Ostracise, (a) Amuse, (b) Welcome, (c) Entertain, (d) Host, , 251. Parsimonious, (a) Prodigious, (b) Selfless, (c) Extravagant, (d) Ostentatious, 252. Predilection, (a) Acceptance, (b) Attraction, (c) Dislike, (d) Choice, 253. Profound, (a) Deep, (b) Superficial, (c) Hollow, (d) Fallow, 254. Protean, (a) Amateur, (b) Catholic, (c) Unchanging, (d) Rapid, 255. Quiescent, (a) Restless, (b) Exempt, (c) Malignant, (d) Mendicant, 256. Perilous, (a) Safe, (b) Developed, (c) Sophisticated, (d) Communicative, 257. Revelation, (a) Rejection, (b) Elimination, (c) Concealment, (d) Introduction, 258. Repulsion, (a) Attraction, (b) Disapproval, (c) Disparagement, (d) Denigration, 259. Segregate, (a) Sever, (b) Unite, (c) Separate, (d) Aggregate, 260. Significant, (a) Substantial, (b) Miniscule, (c) Incoherent, (d) Unimportant, 337

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Antonyms, , 262. Validate, (a) Disprove, (b) Authenticate, (c) Ingenuine, (d) Legalise, , 261. Despair, (a) Sneer, (b) Compliment, (c) Irony, (d) Hope, , 263. Vicious, (a) Godly, (b) Virtuous, (c) Sublime, (d) Friendly, , ANSWER KEY, 1., 2., 3., 4., 5., 6., 7., 8., 9., 10., 11., 12., 13., 14., 15., 16., 17., 18., 19., 20., 21., 22., 23., 24., 25., 26., 27., 28., , 338, , (d), (d), (d), (b), (c), (d), (d), (b), (b), (a), (b), (a), (a), (d), (c), (b), (b), (c), (c), (b), (d), (d), (c), (d), (b), (a), (b), (c), , 29., 30., 31., 32., 33., 34., 35., 36., 37., 38., 39., 40., 41., 42., 43., 44., 45., 46., 47., 48., 49., 50., 51., 52., 53., 54., , (c), (c), (b), (d), (b), (a), (b), (b), (a), (c), (a), (c), (a), (c), (b), (c), (b), (a), (b), (b), (a), (a), (d), (d), (b), (b), , 55., 56., 57., 58., 59., 60., 61., 62., 63., 64., 65., 66., 67., 68., 69., 70., 71., 72., 73., 74., 75., 76., 77., 78., 79., 80., , (c), (c), (c), (d), (c), (a), (c), (a), (c), (a), (a), (b), (a), (a), (b), (d), (b), (b), (b), (a), (d), (c), (b), (c), (c), (b), , 81. (a), 82. (d), 83. (b), 84. (a), 85. (b), 86. (a), 87. (a), 88. (c), 89. (c), 90. (a), 91. (c), 92. (a), 93. (c), 94. (b), 95. (b), 96. (c), 97. (b), 98. (b), 99. (d), 100. (a), 101. (b), 102. (d), 103. (b), 104. (a), 105. (c), 106. (a), , 107., 108., 109., 110., 111., 112., 113., 114., 115., 116., 117., 118., 119., 120., 121., 122., 123., 124., 125., 126., 127., 128., 129., 130., 131., 132., , (c), (a), (d), (b), (c), (d), (d), (b), (b), (a), (d), (b), (a), (c), (b), (b), (a), (a), (b), (a), (a), (c), (a), (b), (b), (b), , 133., 134., 135., 136., 137., 138., 139., 140., 141., 142., 143., 144., 145., 146., 147., 148., 149., 150., 151., 152., 153., 154., 155., 156., 157., 158., , (a), (c), (b), (c), (c), (b), (c), (a), (d), (d), (d), (c), (a), (a), (d), (c), (c), (a), (b), (d), (a), (b), (d), (a), (a), (d), , 159., 160., 161., 162., 163., 164., 165., 166., 167., 168., 169., 170., 171., 172., 173., 174., 175., 176., 177., 178., 179., 180., 181., 182., 183., 184., , (b), (b), (b), (a), (a), (a), (d), (a), (c), (a), (c), (b), (c), (b), (a), (c), (a), (b), (c), (b), (d), (c), (b), (a), (a), (a), , 185., 186., 187., 188., 189., 190., 191., 192., 193., 194., 195., 196., 197., 198., 199., 200., 201., 202., 203., 204., 205., 206., 207., 208., 209., 210., , (c), (b), (a), (d), (c), (b), (c), (d), (c), (c), (b), (d), (a), (d), (b), (c), (c), (d), (a), (d), (a), (b), (d), (b), (d), (c), , 211., 212., 213., 214., 215., 216., 217., 218., 219., 220., 221., 222., 223., 224., 225., 226., 227., 228., 229., 230., 231., 232., 233., 234., 235., 236., , (c), (b), (c), (d), (c), (d), (a), (a), (a), (b), (c), (d), (d), (a), (a), (a), (c), (a), (c), (c), (d), (b), (a), (c), (c), (a), , 237., 238., 239., 240., 241., 242., 243., 244., 245., 246., 247., 248., 249., 250., 251., 252., 253., 254., 255., 256., 257., 258., 259., 260., 261., 262., 263., , (b), (b), (a), (a), (d), (b), (d), (b), (b), (b), (d), (b), (c), (b), (c), (c), (b), (c), (a), (a), (c), (a), (b), (d), (d), (a), (b), , English – from Plinth to Paramount

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One Word Substitution, , 20, , ONE WORD SUBSTITUTION, , CHAPTER, , ................ Meaning in English, fgUnh esa vFkZ, Abattoir ................... dlkbZ[kkuk, .................... Place where animals are killed for food., Abbot ....................... eBkf/dkjh@ eBk/h'k, ........ A man who is the head of a monastery, , S.N. WORD ...................., 1., 2., 3., 4., 5., 6., 7., 8., 9., 10., 11., 12., 13., 14., 15., 16., 17., 18., 19., 20., , or an abbey., Abbreviation ........... la{ksi@ y?kq:i, ................ A shortened form of a word or phrase., Abdication ............... vkSipkfjd :i ls R;kx nsuk, .. To formally give up., Ablution .................. /kfeZd Luku, .................. Ritual washing of the body., Abstruse .................. le>us esa eqf'dy, ........... Hard to understand., Abundance .............. vkf/D;@ izpqjrk, ............. A quantity that is more than enough., Accentuate .............. tksj nsuk, ...................... Give more force or importance to., Accomplice .............. lg&vijk/h.................. Helper in a wrong deed or crime., Acronym .................. izFkek{kjh................, Word formed from initial letters of a, uke, name., Addendum ............... ifjf'k"V, ....................... Thing to be added at the end of a book,, etc., Advertisement ........ foKkiu....................... A public notice offering or asking for, goods, services, etc., Afforestation ........... oukjksiu, ...................... The act of forestation by planting many, trees., Agenda .................... ?kks"k.kk, ...................., Items of business for consideration at, i=k, a meeting., Aggressor ................ vkØe.kdrkZ, .................. Someone who attacks first., Agnosticism .............. tks bZ'oj ds vf'rRo ij 'kadk-djsDoubtful about the existence of God., Alien ........................ xSj ukxfjd, ................... One who belongs to different country,, race of group., Alimony ................... rykd i'pkr~ dh thou o`fr. Allowance fixed after divorce to a wife., Allegory ................... izrhd dFkk, ................... Story in which ideas are symbolized as, people., Alliteration ............. vuqizkl, ....................... Commencement of adjacent words with, the same letter., , English – from Plinth to Paramount, , 339

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One Word Substitution, , 21., 22., 23., 24., 25., 26., 27., 28., 29., 30., 31., , 32., 33., 34., 35., 36., 37., 38., 39., 40., 41., 42., 43., 44., 45., 46., 340, , Altruist .................... ijksidkjh, ...................... One who lives and works for the welfare, of others., Amateur .................. xSj is'ksoj, ..................... Lacking professional skill or expertise., Ambassador ............. jktnwr, ......................... A diplomatic representative of one, country in another., Ambidextrous .......... nksuksa gkFkksa, .........., Equally skillful with each hand., ls fuiq.k, Ambiguous .............. vLi"V@ nks vFkksZ, .......okyk, Having more than one possible, meaning, Amnesia .................. foLej.k....................... Partial or total loss of memory., Amnesty .................. vijk/{kek................... A general pardon of political offenders., Amphibian .............. mHk;pj, ....................... Animals which live both on land and in, water., Amphitheatre .......... v[kkM+k@ jaxHkwfe, .............. A designated section of seats in any part, of a theater., Analgesia ................ nnZ dh vuqHkwfr......, The loss of ability to feel pain while still, u gksuk, conscious., Anarchist ................ vjktd ....................... One who wishes to destroy all, established government's law and, order., Anarchy ................... vjktdrk ..................... The absence of government in a, country., Anecdote ................. fdLlk......................... Short amusing story about some real, person or event., Anniversary ............ lky fxjg .................... Yearly return of the date of an event., Annual ..................... lkykuk, ........................ That which happens once in a year., Anomaly .................. vlk/kj.k..................... Deviation or departure from common, rule or standard or what is normal., Anonymous ............. xqeuke, ........................ A book or a work of art whose author is, not known., Antagonist .............. fojks/h, ......................... One that opposes other., Antidote .................. tgj&uk'kd.................. A medicine to cure the effect of poison., Aphasia ................... okpk?kkr, ...................... Loss of ability to understand speech., Apostate .................. /eZ R;kxh, ..................... One who abandons his religious faith., Aquatic .................... tyh; ......................... Animals which live in water., Arbitrator/ Arbiter .. eè;LFk, ........................ Someone chosen to judge and decide a, disputed issue., Aristocracy .............. dqyhu ra=k, .................... A government by the nobles., Armistice ................ ;q¼ fojke, .................... The cessation of warfare before a treaty, is signed., Ascetic ..................... lU;klh........................ One who practices self denial as a, spiritual discipline., English – from Plinth to Paramount

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One Word Substitution, , 47., 48., 49., 50., 51., 52., 53., 54., 55., 56., 57., 58., 59., 60., 61., 62., 63., 64., 65., 66., 67., 68., 69., 70., 71., 72., , Assassination .......... jktuSfrd dkj.k ls gR;k, .... Killing or murder for political reasons., Astrology ................. T;ksfr"k 'kkL=k, ................. Science of the influence of the stars on, human affairs., Astronomy .............. [kxksy foKku, ................. Science of universe with sun, moon,, stars and planets., Atheist .................... ukfLrd....................... A person who does not believe in the, existence of God., Audience ................. Jksrk x.k, ..................... An assembly of listeners., Autobiography ........ vkRe thouh, .................. The life-history of a man written by, himself., Autocracy ................ ,dra=k........................ A government by one person., Avaricious ............... ykyph........................ One who is greedy., Bachelorhood .......... dqokajkiu, ...................... The state of being unmarried (of a, man)., Bankrupt/Insolvent . fnokfy;k, ...................... A person unable to pay his debts., Bay .......................... [kkM+h, .......................... A part of the sea/ lake enclosed by a wide, curve of the shore., Beach ...................... leqnz rV, ...................... A stretch of sand/ stones along the edge, of the sea/ lake., Bellicose ................. yM+kdw, ......................... A person who is fond of fighting., Belligerent .............. ;q¼jr......................... Engaged in war/fight., Benefactor .............. /eksZidkjh, ..................... One who gives financial help to a school,, hospital, etc., Bibliophile .............. iqLrd izseh, ................... One who loves and collects books., Biennial .................. f}o"khZ;, ........................ That which happens once in two years., Bigamy .................... nks fookg izFkk, ................ The custom of having two wives or two, husbands., Bigot ........................ dV~Vj, ......................... One who is filled with narrow and, prejudiced opinion., Bilingual ................. f}Hkkf"k;, ....................... One who can speak two languages., Biography ................ thouh......................... The life-history of a man written by, someone else., Biped ....................... nksik;k, ......................... Animal with two-feet., Blaspheme .............. bZ'oj ds f[kykiQ cksyuk, ..... Speaking irreverently about God or, sacred things., Bliss ........................ pjelq[k...................... Perfect happiness., Bohemian ................ LosPNkpkjh, .................... One who does not follow the usual norms of, social life., Bookworm/Bibliophilic fdrkch dhM+k, ................ One who is interested in reading books, and nothing else., , English – from Plinth to Paramount, , 341

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One Word Substitution, , 105. Contagious .............. laØked...................... Which spreads by physical touch or, contact., 106. Contemporary ......... ledkyhu .................... Of the same time., 107. Contiguous ............. lehiLFk...................... Two countries or States touching a common, boundary., 108. Contrite .................. i'pkÙkkih, ..................... Showing deep sorrow for wrong doing., 109. Convalescence ........ iqu%LokLF; izkfIr ...., The period of gradual recovery of health, ds ckn, after illness., 110. Conventicle ............ xqIr o xSjdkuwuh /eZlHkk, .... Secret and illegal religious meeting., 111. Coquette ................. fnyiQsad efgyk, .............. A seductive woman who uses her sex, appeal to exploit men., 112. Coronation .............. jkT;kfHk"ksd, .................... Ceremony of crowning a king., 113. Cosmopolitan .......... iwjh nqfu;k dk fuoklh, ........ A person who regards the whole world as, his country., 114. Credulous ............... vk'kqfo'oklh, .................. One who is simple and easily believes, whatever is told., 115. Crematory ............... 'ke'kku ?kkV, .................. The place for corpses to be burnt., 116. Cripple .................... viax@viax cukuk, ............ Someone who is unable to walk, normally because of an injury or, disability to the legs or back., 117. Curfew ..................... dÝZ;w, .......................... An order that certain activities/, movement are prohibited., 118. Cynosure ................. vkd"kZ.k&fcUnq, ................ Centre of attraction., 119. Dead ........................ e`r@ csdkj@ ............, cstku A language that is no longer spoken., 120. Demagogue ............. tuksÙkstd, ..................... Political leader who delivers sentimental, speeches., 121. Democracy .............. yksdra=k, ....................... A government by the people, of the people,, and for the people., 122. Denizen ................... fuoklh........................ A person, an animal or a plant that, lives, grows or is often found in a, particular place., 123. Depraved ................. pfj=k Hkz"V, .................... Morally bad or evil., 124. Deprecate ................ fojks/ djuk.................. Express earnest disapproval of., 125. Dermatology ........... Ropk foKku, .................. The medical study of the skin and its, diseases., 126. Despondency ........... fujk'kk, ......................... Loss of complete hope., 127. Destitution ............. vHkkoxzLrrk, .................. Lacking basic necessities of life., 128. Detrimental ............ gkfudj....................... Causing harm or damage., 129. Dexterous ............... dq'ky......................... Skilful at handling things., 130. Diatribe ................... dVq&fuUnk, ..................... Bitter and violent attack in words or, writing., English – from Plinth to Paramount, , 343

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One Word Substitution, , 131. Dictatorship ............ rkuk'kkgh@, , ......... Government carried on by an absolute, fujadq'krk, , ruler., 132. Diplomacy ............... dwVuhfr, ....................... The skill and policy of a country’s, statesmen and politicians/ skill in, dealing with people., 133. Discrepancy ............ folaxfr....................... Difference between two things that, should be the same., 134. Dissimulate ............ fNikuk, ........................ To hide or disguise., 135. Diurnal .................... nSfud, .......................... Of the daytime., 136. Draper ..................... tqykgk, ........................ A shopkeeper selling cloth and, clothing., 137. Draw ........................ vfuf.kZr, ...................... The result of the match where neither, party wins., 138. Dwarf ....................... ckSuk, ........................... A person, plant or animal who/which, is below the usual size., 139. Dynasty ................... oa'k, ............................ Succession of rulers belonging to one, family., 140. Eavesdropper .......... pqids ls futh okrkZyki, ..... One who witnesses secretly to private, 141. Economical ............. fdiQk;rh, ...................... One who is careful in the use of money/, fuel etc., 142. Edible ...................... [kkus ;ksX;, ..................... That which is fit to be eaten., 143. Effeminate .............. vkSjrkuk xq.k............, gksuk A man who is womanish in his habits., 144. Egalitarianism ........ lerkokn...................... Belief that all people are equal and, have the same rights and opportunities., 145. Egoist ...................... LokFkhZ@ vgadkjh, .............. A lover of one’s ownself/supercilious., 146. Eligible ................... ;ksX;, ........................... Fit to be chosen; qualified., 147. Emergency .............. vkikrdky................... A sudden serious situation requiring, immediate action., 148. Emeritus ................. llEeku lsokeqDr O;fDr, .... One who is honourably discharged from, service., 149. Emigrant ................. izoklh, ......................... A person who goes to another country, to live., 150. Emissary ................. xqIrpj@ tklwl, ............... A person sent on a mission (usually, official)., 151. Epicure .................... vPNk [kkus dk 'kkSdhu, ...... Person fond of delicious food., 152. Epidemic ................. laØked jksx, .................. Disease affecting many people at the same, place and time., 153. Epilogue .................. ukVd ds ckn dk Hkk"k.k, ..... A speech or a poem recited at the end, of a play., 154. Episode ................... dM+h@ dFkka'k, ................. Part of story (especially T.V. or Radio, show story), 344, , English – from Plinth to Paramount

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One Word Substitution, , 155. Episodic .................. dHkh&dHkh gksus okyh, . Happening, ?kVuk only some times and, irregularly., 156. Epistle ..................... /eZi=k@ dkO;i=k, ............. A letter., 157. Epitaph ................... dcz ij bafxr 'kCn, ........... Words which are inscribed on the grave., 158. Epithet .................... mikf/ fo'ks"kd, ............... Adjective added to a person’s name, usually to criticise or praise him., 159. Epitome .................. lVhd mnkgj.k, ............... A perfect example., 160. Epitomize ............... lVhd mnkgj.k gksuk, ......... To be a perfect example., 161. Equanimity ............. /S;Z, ............................ Calmness of mind and temper., 162. Erotica .................... v'yhy xzUFk, ................. Books, pictures, etc. intended to arouse, sexual desire., 163. Erudite .................... fo}ku iq#"k, ................... A learned or scholarly person., 164. Espionage ............... tklwlh........................ Practice of spying., 165. Eternal .................... vuar.......................... Existing for ever — without any, beginning or end., 166. Etymology .............. 'kCn fuekZ.k foKku, ........... The science which deals with, derivation of words., 167. Euphemism ............. vkMacj 'kSyh, .................. Bombastic style of writing., 168. Euphonious ............. lqjhyk, ......................... Sounding pleasant., 169. Euphoria ................. vR;Ur [kq'kh, .................. A strong feeling of happiness., 170. Evanescent ............. vLFkk;h, ....................... Of a very short duration or period., / Ephemeral/Transient, 171. Explicable ............... foospukRed, .................. That which can be explained., 172. Extempore .............. fcuk rS;kjh dk Hkk"k.k, ........ A speech delivered without any, preparation., 173. Extravaganza .......... vfr'k;h ukVd............... Public activity which takes place in a, very elaborate, colourful and expensive, way., 174. Fallacy .................... Hkze, ............................ False or mistaken belief., 175. Fanatic .................... dV~Vj, ......................... One who is filled with excessive and mistaken, enthusiasm., 176. Fastidious ............... u[kjsckt, ...................... One who is hard to please., 177. Fatal or mortal ........ tkuysok, ....................... Resulting in death., 178. Fatalist ................... HkkX;oknh, ...................... One who believes in destiny., 179. Fauna ...................... izkf.ktkr, ...................... Animals of a certain region., 180. Feminist.................. ukjhoknh, ....................... One who works for the welfare of, women., 181. Fiasco ...................... iw.kZ vliQyrk, ................ Complete failure., 182. Flagstaff .................. èotn.M...................... A long pole on which a flag is flown., 183. Flora ........................ ouLifr....................... All the plants of a particular area or, period of time., English – from Plinth to Paramount, , 345

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One Word Substitution, , 184., 185., 186., 187., 188., , Fluke ....................... vkdfLed liQyrk.........., Forgery .................... tkylkth ....................., Fratricide ................ Hkzkr`gR;k, ......................, Frenzy ..................... mUekn, ........................., Frostbite ................. 'khrna'k, ........................, , 189. Gallery .................... izn'kZuh LFky, .................., 190. Gamble .................... tqvk.........................., 191. Gastronomy ............ mÙke, , .........., vkgkj foKku, , 192. Genocide ................. tu lagkj....................., 193. Geology ................... HkwxHkZ.................., foKku, 194., 195., 196., 197., 198., 199., 200., , Germicide ............... thok.kq uk'kd, ................, Glutton .................... isVw, ............................., Gobble ..................... ykyph dh rjg [kkuk, ......., Gratis/Gratuitous ... fu%'kqYd, ......................, Gregarious .............. lewg esa jgus okys, ..........., Hallucinogen ........... Hkzfer djus dh .........., nok, Hedonism ................ lq[kokn, ........................, , 201., 202., 203., 204., , Henchman ............... lsod .........................., Herbivorous ............ 'kkdkgkjh, ......................, Herculean ............... vfr ijkØeh................., Heterogeneous ........ fo"ke, .........................., , 205., 206., 207., 208., , Hexagon .................. "kV~dks.kh;, ....................., Holocaust ................ iw.kkZgwfr, ......................., Homicide ................. ekuo gR;k, ..................., Homogeneous ......... lekax, .........................., , 209., 210., 211., 212., 213., , Honorary ................. voSrfud....................., Horticulture ............ ckxokuh, ......................., Hospitable ............... esgekuuokt, .................., Hypochondria .......... dkYifud chekjh, ............., Iconoclast ............... xSj&ijEijkoknh, ..............., , 346, , Stroke of good luck., Counterfeiting of document., Killing/killer of one’s brother., A state of extreme excitement., Injury to the nose, fingers or toes, caused, by extreme cold., A room or building for showing works of, art., To play games of chance, etc. for, money., Science and art of preparing and, appreciating good food., Extermination of a race or community., The science of earth’s history and, rocks., A substance that kills germs., One who eats too much., Eat fast, noisly and greedily., Done or obtained without payment., Animals that live in flocks., A drug that causes one to hallucinate., Belief that the most important thing in, the world is pleasure., Faithful supporter., Animals which feed on vegetation., Having enormous strength or size., Things which contain elements of, different nature., A plane figure with six sides and angles., Large scale destruction by fire., Murder or murderer of a man., Things which contain elements of the, same nature., A post for which no salary is paid., Art of growing vegetables, fruit, etc., Fond of entertaining guests., Imaginary ailments., One who opposes established institutions, or beliefs., English – from Plinth to Paramount

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One Word Substitution, , 214., 215., 216., 217., 218., 219., 220., 221., 222., 223., 224., 225., 226., 227., 228., 229., 230., 231., 232., 233., 234., 235., 236., 237., 238., 239., 240., 241., 242., , Idolatry ................... ewfrZ iwtu, ....................., Illegal ...................... voS/.........................., Illegible .................. viBuh; ......................, Illicit ....................... voS/.........................., Illiterate ................. vui<+........................, , The worship of idols or images., Contrary to law., Incapable of being read., A trade or act prohibited by law., One who does not know reading and, writing., Imaginary ............... dkYifud..................... Existing only in the mind., Immigrant ............... vizoklh, ....................... A person who comes to one country from, another in order to settle there., Immune ................... izfrjf{kr, ...................... Free from infection., Impalpable .............. Li'kkZrhr, ...................... Incapable of being perceived by touch., Impenetrable .......... vizos';....................... That which cannot be penetrated., Imperceptible .......... vn`'; ......................... That which cannot be perceived by, sense., Imperialism ............ lkezkT;okn, .................... Policy of extending a country’s empire and, influence., Impertinent ............ xqLrk[k, ........................ Not showing proper respect., Impiety .................... lEeku dh deh.............. Lack of respect or religious reverence., Imponderable .......... vlkspuh;..................... That which cannot be guessed or, calculated., Imposter .................. cgq:fi;k..................... One who assumes a character or title, not his own to deceive others., Impracticable .......... vO;ogkfjd.................. Incapable of being practised., Impregnable ............ vts; .......................... Too strong to be overcome or defeated., Impregnable ............ vts;@ vHksí, .................. That which cannot be taken by force of, arms., Impresario .............. la;kstd....................... A manager or director of a ballet, a, concert, a theatre or an opera company., Impromptu .............. fcuk rS;kjh dk, ............... Something said or done without, preparation., Impudent ................. :[ks O;ogkj okyk, ........... Rude and not respectful., Impunity ................. naM eqfDr, ..................... Freedom from punishment., Inaccessible ............ tgk¡ igq¡pk uk tk lds, ...... Incapable of being reached., Inadmissible ........... vLohdk;Z, ..................... That which cannot be admitted or, allowed., Inaudible ................. tks lqukbZ uk, ..............., A sound that cannot be heard., ns, Incendiary ............... tks vkx@ xqLlk HkM+dk,sa, ..... Designed to cause fire/likely to cause, violence., Incombustible ......... tks tys ugha, .................. That which cannot be burnt., Incomparable .......... vrqyuh;@ vrqY;, ............ That which cannot be compared., , English – from Plinth to Paramount, , 347

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One Word Substitution, , 243., 244., 245., 246., 247., 248., 249., 250., 251., 252., 253., 254., , Incorrigible ............. tks lq/kjk ugha tk ldrs, ...., Incredible ................ vfo'oluh; .................., Incurable ................. vlkè; ........................, Indefatigable ........... tks Fkds ugha, .................., Indefensible ............ vlqjf{kr, ......................, Indelible.................. vfeV........................., Indemnity ............... eqvkotk, ......................, Indestructible ......... vu'oj ......................., Indignant ................ vU;k; ds dkj.k Øq¼, ......., Indispensable .......... vifjgk;Z, ......................, Indivisible ............... vfoHkkT;, ......................, Ineligible ................ v;ksX;........................, , 255., 256., 257., 258., 259., , Inevitable ............... vVy.........................., Inexcusable ............. v{kE;........................, Inexplicable ............ vo.kZuh;, ......................, Inexplicit ................ vizdV........................, Inexpressible .......... vo.kZuh;, ......................, , 260. Infallible ................. tks xyrh u djsa, ............., 261. Infanticide .............. f'k'kqgR;k, ......................, 262. Infectious ................ laØked......................, 263., 264., 265., 266., 267., , Inflammable ........... Toyu'khy...................., Inimitable ............... tks vuqdj.kh; u gks, ........., Insecticide .............. dhVuk'kd, ...................., Insolvent ................. fnokfy;k, ......................, Insurrection ............ cxkor........................, , 268. Intercede ................. fliQkfj'k djuk, ..............., 269., 270., 271., 272., 273., 274., 275., 276., 348, , Intercept ................. jksduk, ........................., Intrigue/conspire ... lkft'k djuk ................., Introspection .......... vkRe fufj{k.k, ................, Invincible ................ vt; .........................., Invisible .................. vn`'; ........................., Invulnerable ........... lqjf{kr, ........................, Irreconcilable .......... vlaxr ........................, Irrecoverable ........... okil u fey ldus ;ksX;..., , Incapable of being corrected., Which can’t be believed., Which cannot be cured., Incapable of being tired., Which cannot be defended., Which cannot be erased or forgotten., Compensation for loss., That which cannot be destroyed., Angry at injustice., That without which one can’t do., That which cannot be divided., Not suitable to be elected or selected, under the rules., Incapable of being avoided., That which cannot be excused., Which cannot be explained., Not definitely or clearly expressed., That which cannot be expressed in, words., Never wrong., Killing of an infant., A disease which spreads through air, and water., Which catches fire easily., Incapable of being imitated., A substance that kills insects., A person who is unable to pay his debt., Rising in arms against an established, government., Plead to obtain a favour to save, someone else., To check or stop on way., Make or carry out secret planning., Examination of self thought or feeling., That which cannot be defeated., That which cannot be seen., Incapable of being harmed., Impossible to find agreement between., That which cannot be recovered., English – from Plinth to Paramount

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One Word Substitution, , 338. Opaque .................... vikjn'khZ, ...................... That which cannot be seen through., 339. Optimist .................. vk'kkoknh, ..................... A person who looks to the bright side of, things., 340. Orator ...................... oDrk.......................... One who makes an eloquent public, speech., 341. Orchard ................... iQyksa dk cxhpk, .............. A garden of fruits., 342. Orphan .................... vukFk, ......................... A child whose parents are dead., 343. Ostracize ................. lekt ls fudkyuk........... To turn out of society., 344. Oviparous ................ vaM iztd.................... Bearing eggs and not young ones., 345. Pacifist .................... 'kkfUr nwr, ..................... A person who believes in the total, abolition of war., 346. Pageant ................... rek'kk@ yhyk@ ......., Elaborate public spectacle., uqekb'k, 347. Palatable ................. Lokfn"V, ........................ Food or drink that has a pleasant taste., 348. Panacea ................... jkeck.k, ....................... A remedy for all kinds of diseases., 349. Pandemonium ......... 'kksjxqy, ........................ A wild and noisy disorder., 350. Panegyric ................ iz'kalk i=k, ..................... Piece of writing full of praise., 351. Pantomime ............. ewd vfHku;, .................. Dramatic performance with dumb, show., 352. Paramour ................ ftl ls 'kkjhfjd laca/ gks, ... Sexual partner or lover., 353. Parasite ................... ijthoh........................ One who entirely depends on another., 354. Parasol .................... jaxhu Nkrk, .................... A lady’s umbrella., 355. Parricide ................. ek¡ o firk dk gR;kjk, ....... Killing of both the parents., 356. Patricide ................. fir`gR;k, ....................... Killing of one’s own father., 357. Patrimony ............... iSr`d.......................... Inherited from father or male ancestor., 358. Patriot ..................... ns'kHkDr, ....................... One who loves one’s country., 359. Patronymic ............. fir` uke...................... Name derived from that of father or, ancestor., 360. Pauper ..................... daxky, ......................... One who has no means of livelihood., 361. Peculation .............. xcu........................... Use of public money for one’s own, benefit., 362. Pedantic .................. Kku n'kkZus okyk, ........, ys[kA style in which a writer makes a, display of his knowledge and learning., 363. Pedestrian .............. iSny ;k=kh, .................... One who walks on foot., 364. Peninsula ................ izk;}hi, ........................ Area of land almost surrounded by sea., 365. Pentagon ................. iapHkqt, ........................ A plane figure with five sides and, angles., 366. Perceptible .............. bfUnz;xkspj, .................... That can be perceived by the senses., 367. Peroration ............... milagkj@ urhtk, .............. Concluding part of a speech., 368. Perseverance .......... yxu .......................... Constant efforts to achieve something., English – from Plinth to Paramount, , 351

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One Word Substitution, , 369. Perspicacious .......... fr{.k cqf¼okyk, ............... Quick in judging and understanding., 370. Perversion .............. foÑfr......................... Change to something abnormal or, unnatural., 371. Pessimist ................ fujk'kkoknh, .................... A person who looks at the dark side of, things., 372. Philanderer ............. fnyiQsad, ....................... A man who amuses himself by lovemaking., 373. Philanthropist ........ ekuork izseh, .................. A lover of mankind., 374. Philatelist ............... Mkd fVdV laxzkgd, .......... Collector of stamps., 375. Philistine ................ dyk ds izfr mnklhu, ........ Person who is indifferent to art and, literature., 376. Philogynist ............. vkSjrksa ls izse djus, ....okyk, A lover of womankind., 377. Philology ................. Hkk"kk dk vè;;u, ............. Science of study of language., 378. Pilgrim .................... rhFkZ;k=kh, ...................... One who travels to a sacred place., 379. Pioneer .................... vxzlj......................... One who leads others in any field., 380. Piquant ................... elkysnkj@fnypLi, ............ Pleasant or sharp to the taste/, interesting., 381. Placard/Poster ........ foKkiu....................... Written or printed notice pasted in, public places., 382. Plagiarism .............. lkfgfR;d pksjh, ............... The practice of borrowing words and, ideas from other authors and using, them as one’s own; literary theft., 383. Platitude ................. f?klh&fiVh ..............., Statement that is obviously true and, ckr, hence dull or not stimulating., 384. Plutocracy ............... dqyhura=k, ...................... A government by a rich and powerful, class., 385. Polyandry ................ cgqifr izFkk, ................... The custom of having more than two, husbands at the same time., 386. Polygamy ................ cgq&fookg ..............., The custom of having more than two, izFkk, spouses at the same time., 387. Polyglot ................... cgqHkk"kkfon~, .................... Person having command over many, languages., 388. Polygon ................... cgqHkqt, ........................ A figure with many angles or sides., 389. Posthumous ............ ej.kksijkar, ..................... Received after death., 390. Postscript ................ i'pys[k ...................... Anything written in a letter after it is, signed., 391. Predicament ........... nqnZ'kk, .......................... Difficult or dangerous situation., 392. Prejudiced ............... iwokZxzgh, ........................ Be biased against., 393. Premonition ............ iwokZHkkl, ....................... Forewarning of an impending danger., 394. Prerogative ............. fo'ks"kkf/dkj, .................. Absolute right., 395. Prodigy .................... izfrHkk lai ckyd, .......... A child with unusual or remarkable, talent., 396. Prognostication ...... Hkfo";ok.kh, .................... Act of forecasting by examining present, conditions., 352, , English – from Plinth to Paramount

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One Word Substitution, , 397. Prologue .................. eaxykpj.k, .................... A speech or a poem recited at the beginning, of a play., 398. Promiscuous ........... vfr dkeqd.................. Having a lot of different sexual, partners., 399. Proponent ............... izLrkod...................... Person who proposes something., 400. Propriety ................. e;kZnk, ......................... State of being correct in behavior or, moral., 401. Protagonist ............. leFkZd@eq[; ............, An important supporter of an idea or, ik=k, political system/Chief actor or, character in a story or drama., 402. Protectorate ............ lajf{kr jkT;, .................. Country under the protection of a more, powerful country., 403. Prudent ................... le>nkj....................... Wise., 404. Pseudonym ............. Ñf=ke uke, ................... Name taken by an author instead of his, real name, 405. Punctitious ............. vfrf'k"Vkpkjh, ................ Very careful to behave correctly., 406. Pyrotechnic ............. vkfr'kckth fuekZ.k&dyk, .... Art of making fireworks., 407. Quadruped .............. pkSik;k, ........................ Four footed-animal., 408. Rebel ....................... nzksgh, ........................... One who takes up arms against the, government., 409. Recapitulate ........... la{ksi esa nksgjkuk, ............. Repeat the main points., 410. Recluse ................... ,dkaroklh.................... One who lives alone and avoids, company., 411. Reconcile ................ esy&feyki djuk, ............ Bring about harmony or agreement., 412. Reconnaissance ...... fdlh LFkku dk lSU; losZ{k.k, .. Information gathering activity about, enemy forces., 413. Red tapism .............. yky iQhrk'kkgh, ............... Too much official formality., 414. Redundancy ............ vuko';drk .................. When something is unnecessary, because it is more than what is needed., 415. Regicide .................. jktk dh gR;k, ................ Killing of a king., 416. Relegate/Demote ... ntkZ ?kVkuk, .................... Reduce to a lower position., 417. Reluctant ................ vfuPNqd, ..................... Unwilling, 418. Remission ............... {kek, ........................... Pardon or forgiveness for breaking, religious laws., 419. Rendezvous ............. feyu&LFky, ................... Place fixed for meeting or assembling, 420. Renegade ................ /eZifjR;kxh, ................... Person who changes his religious, belief/support to someone else or some, other nation., 421. Repartee.................. gkftj tokch................. Witty and clever answers., English – from Plinth to Paramount, , 353

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One Word Substitution, , 452. Spendthrift ............. fiQtwy[kphZ, ................... One who spends one’s money, recklessly., 453. Spinster .................. dqok¡jh efgyk, ................. An unmarried woman., 454. Spiritualist ............. vè;kfRed.................... A person who believes in spiritual, things., 455. Sporadic .................. fNViqV, ........................ Occurring irregularly., 456. Stoic ........................ rVLFk%, ......................... A person who is indifferent to pleasure, and pain., 457. Strangulate ............. xyk ?kksaVuk@nckuk, ............. Kill by putting pressure on the throat/, to apply pressure., 458. Subdue .................... dkcw esa djuk, ................ To bring under control., 459. Subjugate ................ v/hu djuk .................. To bring under control., 460. Suicide .................... vkRegR;k, ..................... Taking of one’s own life., 461. Supercilious ............ ?keaMh, ......................... Thinking oneself superior to others., 462. Sycophant ............... pkiywl....................... Person who tries to win a favour by, flattering other., 463. Synagogue .............. ;gwnh miklukx`g, ............. Place where Jews worship., 464. Talkative/Garrulous .. ckrwuh, ......................... Person who is fond of talking., 465. Tantrum .................. vkos'k, ......................... Fit of bad temper or anger., 466. Teetotaller .............. e|fu"ks/h, ..................... One who abstains from alcoholic, drinks., 467. Theist ...................... vkfLrd....................... A person who believes in existence of, God., 468. Theocracy ............... iknjhra=k, ....................... A government by religious leaders., 469. Thermometer .......... rkiekid ;a=k, ................ An instrument for measuring, temperature., 470. Traitor ..................... ns'knzksgh, ........................ One who betrays one’s country., 471. Transgressor ........... ikih@ vijk/h, ................ One who violets a rule or law., 472. Transmigration ....... vkRek dk 'kjhj cnyuk, ..... The passage of soul after death from one, body to the other., 473. Transmogrification . dk;kdYi..................... Complete change in appearance or, character (especially in a magical or, surprising way)., 474. Transparent ............ ikjn'khZ, ........................ That allows the passage of rays of light., 475. Truant ..................... dkepksj, ....................... One who stays away from school/work, without permission., 476. Truism ..................... Lor% fl¼, .................... A truth which is often repeated., 477. Turncoat.................. xíkj........................... Disloyal., 478. Unanimous .............. ,der ........................ Consent of all., English – from Plinth to Paramount, , 355

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One Word Substitution, , 479., 480., 481., 482., 483., 484., 485., 486., 487., 488., 489., 490., 491., 492., , 493., 494., 495., 496., 497., 498., 499., 500., 501., 502., 503., 504., , 356, , Unavoidable ............ vifjgk;Z, ......................, Unique ..................... vuks[kk, ........................, Universal ................ fo'oO;kih...................., Usurper ................... lEiÙkh gM+ius.........., okyk, , That which cannot be avoided., The only one of its type., Belonging to all parts of the world., One who grabs somebody's else property, or title., Uxoricide ................. iRuh gR;k, .................... Killing of one’s wife., Uxorious/Henpecked tks: dk xqyke, ............. Foolishly fond of one’s wife., Vacuous ................... cqf¼ghu, ....................... Suggesting absence of thought or, intellect., Vendetta.................. oa'kkuqxr@ iq'rSuh, ......, Feud in which the relatives of the dead or, >xM+k, injured take revenge., Verbatim ................. 'kCn'k%, ........................ Repetition of a writing, word for word., Verbose ................... ckrksa ls ..................., Using or containing more words than are, Hkjk, necessary., Versatile ................. cgqeq[kh, ....................... One who possesses many talents., Verso ....................... okei`"B, ....................... Any left hand page of an open book., Vespers .................... 'kke dh izkFkZuk, ............... Evening prayer in the church., Veteran ................... vuqHkoh, ....................... One who has grown old in or has long, experience of (specially military), service or occupation., Vincible ................... ftls thrk tk lds ........... That which can be conquered., Vindictive/Vengeful .. izfr'kks/h, ...................... Having or showing a desire for revenge., Virulent ................... tgjhyk....................... Highly poisonous effect., Viviparous ............... ltho iztd .................. Bearing living young ones and not eggs., Volte-face ................ vkdfLed ifjorZu.......... Sudden change from one set of beliefs, to other., Voluntary ................ LosfPNd, ...................... Of one’s own free will., Voyage ..................... leqnzh ;k=kk, .................... Journey by water or sea., Vulnerable .............. vk?kkr ;ksX;, .................. That which can be easily damaged or, hurt., Widow ..................... fo/ok......................... A woman whose husband is dead., Widower .................. fo/qj.......................... A man whose wife is dead., Wreathe .................. iq"igkj, ........................ Flowers fastened in a circle., Zealot ...................... erkxzgh, ....................... Person who shows great and, uncompromising enthusiasm for a, religion, party, cause, etc., , English – from Plinth to Paramount

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One Word Substitution, , 21, , ONE WORD SUBSTITUTION, , CHAPTER, , Directions: In question nos.1 to 225, out of the four alternatives, choose the one, which can be substituted for the given words/sentence and choose the appropriate, alternative which best expresser the sentences., 1., , A person who has no money to pay, off his debts, , 9., , 10., , 2., , (A) Insolvent, (B) Poor, (C) Destitute, (D) Pauper, Words uttered impiously about God, , 11., , 3., , (A) amoral, (B) philosophy, (C) logic, (D) blasphemy, A number of ships., , 4., , (a) fleet, (b) galaxy, (c) constellation (d) group, One who compiles a dictionary, , 5., , 6., , 7., , 8., , (A) geographer, (B) lexicographer, (C) lapidist, (D) linguist, A test in which cells from diseased, organs are removed and tested, (A) Biopsy, (B) Autopsy, (C) Operation, (D) Amputation, A small room in a big house, hotel,, ship etc. where glasses, dishes,, spoons, food etc. are kept., (A) Portico, (B) Pantry, (C) Mezzanine, (D) Kitchen, A foreigner who settles in a country., (A) Immigrant, (B) Emigrant, (C) Alien, (D) Visitor, Doing something according to one’s, own free will., (A) Willfully, (C) Voluntarily, , (B) Obligingly, (D) Compulsorily, , English – from Plinth to Paramount, , 12., , 13., , 14., , 15., , 16., , Place that provides refuge, (A) shelter, (B) house, (C) country, (D) asylum, A person who gambles or bets, (A) punter, (B) backer, (C) customer, (D) client, Art of writing for newspapers and, magazines, (A) Literature, (B) Journalism, (C) Biography, (D) Artistry, An abandoned child of unknown, parents who is found by somebody., (A) Foundling, (B) Sibling, (C) Urchin, (D) Orphan, Parts of a country behind the coast, or a river bank., (A) Swamps, (B) Marshes, (C) Hinterland, (D) Isthmuses, A written statement about, someone’s character, usually, provided by an employer, (A) testimonial, (B) memorandum, (C) certificate, (D) license, One who does not make mistakes, (A) Pessimist, (B) Optimist, (C) Infallible, (D) Hypocrite, Able to use the left hand and right, hand equally well, (A) ambivert, (B) ambidextrous, (C) ambivalent, (D) ambitious, 357

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One Word Substitution, , 17. One who hates women, (A) philanthropist (B) ascetic, (C) misogamist, (D) misogynist, 18. a system of naming things, (A) horticulture (B) miniature, (C) genocide, (D) nomenclature, 19. A raised passageway in a building, (A) walkway, (B) walkout, (C) walkabout, (D) walkover, 20. A cure for all diseases, (A) laxative, (B) panacea, (C) antidote, (D) purgative, 21. One who cannot speak, (A) deaf, (B) dumb, (C) visionless, (D) lame, 22. Pertaining to cattle, (A) Canine, (B) Feline, (C) Bovine, (D) Verminous, 23. To look at someone in an angry or, threatening way, (A) Glower, (B) Gnaw, (C) Gnash, (D) Grind, 24. A post with little work but high, salary, (A) Director, (B) Trustee, (C) Sinecure, (D) Ombudsman, 25. Something that causes death, (A) Dangerous, (B) Fatal, (C) Brutal, (D) Horrible, 26. A person who writes decoratively, (A) Calligrapher, (B) Colliery, (C) Choreographer (D) Cartographer, 27. A person who loves mankind, (A) misanthrope (B) anthropologist, (C) philanthropist (D) mercenary, 28. Capable of being interpreted in two, ways, (A) confusing, (B) unclear, (C) ambiguous, (D) ambivert, 29. One who has narrow and prejudiced, religious views, (A) religious, (B) fanatic, (C) bigot, (D) god-fearing, 358, , 30. The action of looking within or into, one’s own mind, (A) observation, (B) examination, (C) introspection (D) introvert, 31. To confirm with the help of evidence, (A) corroborate, (B) implicate, (C) designate, (D) extricate, 32. One who is a dabbler in arts, science, or literature:, (A) Dilettante, (B) Aesthete, (C) Maestro, (D) Connoisseur, 33. The time between midnight and noon:, (A) Afternoon, (B) Antipodes, (C) Ante – meridiem (D) Antenatal, 34. Still existing and known :, (A) Extent, (C) Eternal, 35. Fear of height:, , (B) Extant, (D) Immanent, , (A) Agoraphobia (B) Hydrophobia, (C) Acrophobia, (D) Pyrophobia, 36. The highest point, (A) zenith, (B) height, (C) zeal, (D) ridge, 37. Feeling inside you which tells you, what is right and what is wrong :, (A) cleverness, (B) conscience, (C) consciousness(D) fear, 38. Release of a prisoner from jail on, certain terms and condition, (A) Parole, (B) Parley, (C) Pardon, (D) Acquittal, 39. Loss of memory, (A) Ambrosia, (B) Amnesia, (C) Insomnia, (D) Forgetting, 40. To struggle helplessly, (A) Flounder, (B) Founder, (C) Fumble, (D) Finger, 41. One who tends to take a hopeful view, of life, (A) Magnate, (C) pacifist, , (B) creator, (D) optimist, , English – from Plinth to Paramount

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One Word Substitution, , 42. Belonging to all parts of the world, (A) Common, (B) universal, (C) worldly, (D) international, 43. To be known for bad acts, (A) Famous, (B) notorious, (C) criminal, (D) terrorist, 44. Words of similar meaning, (A) Homonyms, (B) pseudonyms, (C) antonyms, (D) synonyms, 45. Instrument to measure atmospheric, pressure, (A) Metronome, (B) compass, (C) pedometer, (D) barometer, 46. A speech delivered without previous, preparation, (A) Soliloquy, (B) Extempore, (C) Rhetoric, (D) Expression, 47. One who pretends to be what he is, not, (A) crocodile, (B) flatterer, (C) hypocrite, (D) counterfeiter, 48. Study of heavenly bodies, (A) astrology, (B) astronomy, (C) stargazing, (D) astrophysics, 49. An official call to appear in a court, of law, (A) summon, (B) notice, (C) memorandum (D) petition, 50. To cut apart a person’s body, (A) amputate, (B) mutilate, (C) ambush, (D) mitigate, 51. Murder of a brother, (A) Patricide, (B) Fratricide, (C) Homicide, (D) Parricide, 52. One who is filled with excessive and, mistaken enthusiasm about his, religion, (A) Fatalist, (B) Lunatic, (C) Fanatic, (D) Stoic, 53. A list of items to be transacted at a, meeting, (A) Menu, (B) Agenda, (C) Minutes, (D) Records, English – from Plinth to Paramount, , 54. An involuntary action under a, stimulus is described as a, (A) complex, (B) reflex, (C) reflection, (D) response, 55. A continuous process of change is, known as, (A) transformation (B) metamorphosis, (C) flux, (D) dynamism, 56. The use of many words where only a, few are necessary., (A) circumlocution (B) circumspection, (C) circumscription (D) circumvention, 57. Circular building or hall with a dome., (A) edifice, (B) palace, (C) rotunda, (D) spire, 58. One who is a citizen not of a country, but of the world., (A) Bohemian, (B) Cosmopolitan, (C) Philanthropist (D) Internationalist, 59. An order requiring a person to attend, a court., (A) Courtship, (B) Agreement, (C) Subpoena, (D) Command, 60. An imaginary name assumed by an, author for disguise., (A) Facsimile, (B) Surname, (C) Alias, (D) Pseudonym, 61. An extreme fear of being in a small, confined place., (A) Hydrophobia (B) Paraphernalia, (C) Claustrophobia (D) Progeria, 62. An inscription on a tomb., (A) epitaph, (B) crypt, (C) obituary, (D) legacy, 63. Allowance due to a wife from her, husband on separation., (A) patrimony, (B) antimony, (C) parsimony, (D) alimony, 64. Practice of employing spies in war., (A) Esplanade, (B) Espionage, (C) Espadrille, (D) Estrangement, 359

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One Word Substitution, , 65. A fixed territory in which authority, can be exercised., (A) Jurisdiction (B) judiciary, (C) jurisprudence (D) juristic, 66. An appearance of objects often, simulating the appearance of water:, (A) image, (B) mirage, (C) reflection, (D) refraction, 67. The art of making fireworks :, (A) Chromatics, (B) Numismatics, (C) Pyrotechnics (D) Cosmetics, 68. Give off bubbles of gas :, (A) efface, (B) effervesce, (C) effloresce, (D) effuse, 69. A system of governance controlled by, persons of high intellectual ability :, (A) oligarchy, (B) democracy, (C) meritocracy (D) snobbery, 70. Sudden and violent change :, (A) Cataclysm, (B) Catalysis, (C) Catacombs, (D) Catechism, 71. A small waterfall or group of, waterfalls flowing down a Rocky hill, side is called :, (A) Hurricane, (B) Stream, (C) Volcano, (D) Cascade, 72. One who eats human flesh, (A) non-vegetarian(B) vegetarian, (C) cannibal, (D) man-eater, 73. Instrument which records earth’s, tremor:, (A) Monograph, (B) Geographer, (C) Seismograph (D) Barometer, 74. The practice of a woman having more, than one husband at the same time:, (A) Polygamy, (B) Polyphony, (C) Polyandry, (D) Polygyny, 75. Specializes in nose diseases :, (A) Otologist, (B) Rhinologist, (C) Endocrinologist (D) Gerentologist, 76. Boundary of an area, (A) Porch, (C) Balcony, 360, , (B) Periphery, (D) Verandah, , 77. A war of religions, (A) Calligraphy, (B) Contraband, (C) Cavalry, (D) Crusade, 78. The Government by the nobility, (A) Bureaucracy (B) Aristocracy, (C) Autocracy, (D) Oligarchy, 79. To store and stock, (A) Hail, (B) Hide, (C) Hoard, (D) Horde, 80. Study of relations of organisms to, one another and to their, surroundings, (A) Biology, (B) Ecology, (C) Psychology, (D) Physiology, 81. A body of persons appointed to hear, evidence and give their verdict in, trials., (A) association, (B) council, (C) bar, (D) jury, 82. A person who dishonestly pretends, to be somebody else :, (A) Imperialist, (C) Implorer, 83. Violent storm:, , (B) Impressionist, (D) Impostor, , (A) weather, (B) rains, (C) breeze, (D) tempest, 84. Careful and thorough enquiry :, (A) Investigation (B) Interview, (C) Examination (D) Exploration, 85. A situation that stops an activity, from progressing :, (A) Bypass, (B) Breach, (C) Bottleneck, (D) Block head, 86. A disease which is spread by direct, contact, (A) Contagious, (B) Infectious, (C) Epidemic, (D) Endemic, 87. The study of ancient civilizations, (A) History, (C) Ethnology, , (B) Anthropology, (D) Archaeology, , English – from Plinth to Paramount

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One Word Substitution, , 88. An animal story with a moral, (A) Fable, (B) Tale, (C) Anecdote, (D) Parable, 89. A thing likely to be easily broken, (A) vulnerable, (B) flexible, (C) brittle, (D) delicate, 90. Body of singers, (A) Coir, (B) Quorum, (C) Quire, (D) Choir, 91. Very dramatic, (A) Histrionic, (B) Hippocratic, (C) Hirsute, (D) Hoary, 92. A figure of speech by which a thing, is spoken of as being that which it, only resembles, (A) Metaphor, (B) Simile, (C) Personification (D) Alliteration, 93. The process by which a person or an, organization reduces the amount of, money it spends, (A) budgeting, (B) retrenchment, (C) saving, (D) closure, 94. An established principle of practical, wisdom :, (A) Marxism, (B) Maxim, (C) Neologism, (D) Platonism, 95. Person with whom one works, (A) contemporary (B) companion, (C) colleague, (D) partner, 96. Honesty of character, (A) integrity, (B) rectitude, (C) honour, (D) dignity, 97. Expressions of sympathy, (A) congratulation (B) condolence, (C) compliment (D) condemnation, 98. An instrument used to record sound, (A) gramophone (B) hydrophone, (C) phonograph, (D) megaphone, 99. Pertaining to horses, (A) Equine, (B) equestrian, (C) equinox, (D) equation, 100. One who cannot be corrected, (A) Incurable, (B) incorrigible, (C) hardened, (D) vulnerable, English – from Plinth to Paramount, , 101. Difficult or impossible to read, (A) Illogical, (B) illegible, (C) ineligible, (D) legible, 102. An unexpected piece of good fortune, (A) Turnstile, (B) Windfall, (C) Philanthropy (D) Benevolence, 103. Those who go on to someone else’s, land without the owner’s permission, (A) Delinquents (B) trespassers, (C) offenders, (D) culprits, 104. Something that cannot be taken, away., (A) inalienable, (B) edible, (C) legible, (D) natural, 105. Scale used f or measuring the, strength of an earthquake., (A) Celsius, (B) Newtons, (C) Richter, (D) Linear, 106. Something kept as a reminder of an, event., (A) Trophy, (B) Souvenir, (C) Prize, (D) Antique, 107. One who practises one of the fine arts:, (A) painter, (B) artist, (C) designer, (D) architect, 108. A general pardon of offenders., (A) Parley, (B) Amnesty, (C) Parole, (D) Acquittal, 109. Place where wine is made, (A) bakery, (B) cloakroom, (C) tannery, (D) brewery, 110. A paper written by hand, (A) handicraft, (B) handiwork, (C) manuscript, (D) thesis, 111. The art of preserving skin of animals,, birds and fish, (A) taxonomy, (B) taxidermy, (C) philology, (D) seismology, 112. Related to moon, (A) solar, (B) moony, (C) lunar, (D) honeymoon, 113. Sum of money to be paid for freeing, a person from captivity., (A) Ransom, (B) Compensation, (C) Tribute, (D) Penalty, 361

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One Word Substitution, , 114. Book giving information about every, branch of knowledge., (A) Directory, (B) Dictionary, (C) Encyclopedia (D) Dissertation, 115. Member of a tribe that wanders from, place to place with no fixed home., (A) Vagabond, (B) Nomad, (C) Wanderer, (D) Truant, 116. Fit to be chosen., (A) Eligible, (B) Capable, (C) Suitable, (D) Valuable, 117. An animal or plant living in or upon, another., (A) master, (B) dependant, (C) insect, (D) parasite, 118. Strong dislike between two persons, (A) aversion, (B) antipathy, (C) apathy, (D) despair, 119. The killing of whole group of people, (A) genocide, (B) germicide, (C) patricide, (D) suicide, 120. The plants and vegetation of a region, (A) fauna, (B) flora, (C) landscape, (D) environment, 121. That which is without opposition, (A) unaware, (B) verdict, (C) unanimous, (D) spontaneous, 122. Animal that feeds on plants, (A) Carnivorous (B) Herbivorous, (C) Insectivorous (D) Graminivorous, 123. A number of stars grouped together, (A) Orbit, (B) Constellation, (C) Solar system (D) Comet, 124. Lasting only for a very short while, (A) Transparent (B) Temporal, (C) Temporary, (D) Temperate, 125. Murder of a man, (A) Regicide, (B) Fratricide, (C) Homicide, (D) Genocide, 126. Use of force or threats to get, someone to agree to something, (A) Coercion, (B) Conviction, (C) Confession, (D) Cajolement, 362, , 127. A place where gambling is practised, (A) hotel, (B) casino, (C) restaurant, (D) theatre, 128. An object or portion serving as a, sample, (A) Specification (B) Spectre, (C) Spectacle, (D) Specimen, 129. The practice of submitting a proposal, to popular vote, (A) Election, (B) Reference, (C) Popularity, (D) Referendum, 130. Code of diplomatic etiquette and, precedence, (A) Statesmanship (B) Diplomacy, (C) Hierarchy, (D) Protocol, 131. To renounce a high position of, authority or control, (A) Abduct, (B) Abandon, (C) Abort, (D) Abdicate, 132. Talking about the affairs of other, people, (A) teasing, (B) gossiping, (C) criticising, (D) slandering, 133. Medical examination of the body, after death, (A) diagnosis, (B) irradiation, (C) corpse, (D) autopsy, 134. A person born or living at the same, time as another, (A) corollary, (B) accessory, (C) contemporary (D) auxiliary, 135. Bad beyond reform, (A) irreversible, (B) irrevocable, (C) irredeemable (D) irreparable, 136. That which is certain to happen, (A) inevitable, (B) invincible, (C) incorrigible, (D) immediate, 137. The process of deciding the nature, of a disease by examination, (A) test, (C) diagnosis, , (B) perusal, (D) operation, , English – from Plinth to Paramount

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One Word Substitution, , 138. That which makes it difficult to, recognise the presence or real, nature of somebody or something., (A) cover, (B) comouflage, (C) pretence, (D) mask, 139. To bear a hand, (A) interfere, (B) join, (C) assist, (D) rejoice, 140. One who makes an of ficial, examination of accounts, (A) auditor, (B) accountant, (C) clerk, (D) official, 141. A government by the officials, (A) Plutocracy, (B) Aristocracy, (C) Bureaucracy (D) Monarchy, 142. One who offers his services without, charging for it, (A) Philanderer, (B) Volunteer, (C) Mercenary, (D) Missionary, 143. A tank where fish or water plants are, kept, (A) aviary, (B) aquarium, (C) nursery, (D) sanatorium, 144. Avoiding wastage, (A) economic, (B) economical, (C) minimal, (D) optimational, 145. Sole right to make and sell some, invention, (A) Franchise, (B) Authorize, (C) Dealership, (D) Patent, 146. The scientific study of living, organisms, (A) Biochemistry, (B) Zoology, (C) Organic chemistry (D) Biology, 147. One who lives for more than a, hundred years, (A) saint, (B) meteorologist, (C) demagogue, (D) centenarian, 148. Detaining and confining someone, (A) Interruption (B) Interrogation, (C) Interment, (D) Internment, 149. An underhand device resorted to in, order to justify misconduct, (A) Subterfuge, (B) Manoeuvre, (C) Stratagem, (D) Complicity, English – from Plinth to Paramount, , 150. Science of the races of mankind, (A) Genealogy, (B) Etiology, (C) Ethnology, (D) Sociology, 151. Impossible to describe, (A) Miraculous, (B) Ineffable, (C) Stupendous (D) Appalling, 152. One who criticises popular beliefs, which he thinks is mistaken or, unwise, (A) Philistine, (B) Iconoclast, (C) Imposter, (D) Cannibal, 153. One who hides away on a ship to, obtain a free passage., (A) Compositor, (B) Stoker, (C) Stowaway, (D) Shipwright, 154. Clues available at a scene, (A) Circumstantial (B) derivative, (C) inferential, (D) suggestive, 155. An emolument over and above fixed, income or salary., (A) Honorarium (B) Sinecure, (C) Perquisite, (D) Prerogative, 156. The animals of a particular region., (A) Flora, (B) Museum, (C) Zoo, (D) Fauna, 157. A person who is physically dependent, on a substance., (A) Criminal, (B) Martyr, (C) Gladiator, (D) Addict, 158. A child born after the death of its, father is called., (A) A deprived child, (B) An orphan, (C) A posthumous child (D) A waif, 159. A legal agreement by which a person, borrows money from a bank usually, to buy a house., (A) Document, (B) Mortgage, (C) Lease, (D) Invoice, 160. Failing to discharge one’s duty., (A) Debacle, (B) Dereliction, (C) Determination (D) Deterrent, 161. A movement of part of the body to, express an idea or feeling., (A) Jibe, (B) Gesture, (C) Pose, (D) Mimicry, 363

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One Word Substitution, , 162. To surround a place with the, intention of capturing it, (A) Bivouac, (B) Besiege, (C) Invade, (D) Intern, 163. To send back a person to one’s, country, (A) Repatriate, (B) Expatriate, (C) Migrate, (D) Emigrate, 164. One who is opposed to intellectual, progress, (A) Impostor, (B) Chaperon, (C) Prospector, (D) Obscurant, 165. A woman with dark brown hair, (A) Blonde, (B) Brunette, (C) Termagant, (D) Coiffure, 166. One who has special skill in judging, art, music, tastes, etc., (A) Connoisseur (B) Raconteur, (C) Sybarite, (D) Amateur, 167. One who devotes his life to the, welfare and the interests of other, people, (A) Minion, (B) Martyr, (C) Altruist, (D) Fugitive, 168. A place where animals are kept alive,, and nearly as possible as in their, natural state, (A) Vivarium, (B) Orchard, (C) Paddock, (D) Zoo, 169. One who hates mankind, (A) Misanthropist (B) Misnomer, (C) Misogynist, (D) Philanthropist, 170. The period between two reigns, (A) Interregnum (B) Interval, (C) Interdict, (D) Intercept, 171. One who walks in one’s sleep., (A) dreamer, (B) somnambulist, (C) neomatic, (D) ignorant, 172. A place where money is coined., (A) mint, (B) press, (C) treasury, (D) bank, 173. The house of an Eskimo., (A) hamlet, (B) downy, (C) igloo, (D) hut, 364, , 174. One who collects postage stamp., (A) philatelist, (B) stamp collector, (C) vendor, (D) lexicographer, 175. What cannot be heard., (A) inaudible, (B) audible, (C) unheard, (D) ineffaceable, 176. A poem of mourning., (A) elegy, (B) sonnet, (C) lyric, (D) epic, 177. A game in which no one wins., (A) abandoned, (B) drawn, (C) postponed, (D) obsolete, 178. Too much official formality., (A) delayed, (B) officiousness, (C) formality, (D) red tapism, 179. One who knows many languages., (A) linguist, (B) polyglot, (C) stylist, (D) debator, 180. That which can be carried., (A) portable, (B) edible, (C) potable, (D) bearable, 181. A writer who steals ideas from others., (A) plagiarist, (B) copier, (C) editor, (D) translator, 182. Examination of a dead body., (A) autopsy, (B) surgery, (C) operation, (D) tanning, 183. A speech made to oneself., (A) dialogue, (B) speech, (C) soliloquy, (D) monologue, 184. A commonplace remark., (A) platitude, (B) ramark, (C) statement, (D) epigram, 185. That which cannot be captured., (A) impregnable (B) incorrigible, (C) imperishable (D) invincible, 186. The study of birds, (A) ornithology, (B) philology, (C) ontology, (D) geology, 187. An insect with many legs is called., (A) centipede, (C) herbivorous, , (B) mammal, (D) vertebrate, , English – from Plinth to Paramount

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One Word Substitution, , 188. Government in which all religions, are honoured., (A) fanatic, (B) secular, (C) catholic, (D) progressive, 189. One who lives among strangers., (A) recluse, (B) alien, (C) stoic, (D) rustic, 190. A word no longer in use., (A) extant, (B) obsolete, (C) out-dated, (D) nervous, 191. A sneering person who always finds, faults., (A) cupid, (B) kleptomaniac, (C) cynic, (D) crone, 192. A place for keeping bees., (A) aviary, (B) apiary, (C) cage, (D) nest, 193. A long journey, especially by sea., (A) flight, (B) voyage, (C) odyssey, (D) safari, 194. A short walk for pleasure or exercise., (A) stroll, (B) gallop, (C) jog, (D) promenade, 195. A place where government or public, records are kept., (A) attic, (B) museum, (C) cellar, (D) archive, 196. A person who kills somebody, especially for political reasons., (A) criminal, (B) assassin, (C) murderer, (D) hangman, 197. A person who opposes another., (A) soldier, (B) fighter, (C) antagonist, (D) prophet, 198. A person who does not want to see, the realities of life and tries to, escape., (A) escapist, (B) hovel, (C) plunderer, (D) scavenger, 199. A person who is very selective,, disgusted easily, and is hard to, please., (A) misanthrope (B) fastidious, (C) selector, (D) ambiguous, 200. A person who can be cheated easily., (A) credulous, (B) faithful, (C) client, (D) egoist, English – from Plinth to Paramount, , 201. A sweet music., (A) lullaby, (B) melody, (C) folk song, (D) duet, 202. A place where everything is perfect., (A) heaven, (B) platoon, (C) cosmos, (D) utopia, 203. Decision that cannot be taken back., (A) irrevocable, (B) rigid, (C) order, (D) brief, 204. Fear of strangers., (A) sitophobia, (B) hydrophobia, (C) xenophobia, (D) whoopee, 205. Physical features of an area., (A) geography, (B) sociology, (C) contour, (D) topography, 206. Scientific study of fungi., (A) mycology, (B) botany, (C) physiology, (D) zoology, 207. A funeral bell., (A) knell, (B) replica, (C) windfall, (D) call, 208. A person who is pure and clean., (A) immaculate (B) neat, (C) clean, (D) irrevocable, 209. A person who has just started, learning., (A) novice, (B) foreman, (C) supervisor, (D) apprentice, 210. A person who is appointed by two, parties to solve a dispute., (A) judge, (B) arbitrator, (C) advocate, (D) barrister, 211. A person who wishes to throw over, all establishments., (A) anarchist, (B) hooligan, (C) criminal, (D) rebel, 212. A person who is bad in spelling., (A) cacographist (B) linguist, (C) calligraphist (D) pedant, 213. A person leaving his native country, to settle in another., (A) immigrant, (B) emigrant, (C) traveller, (D) nomad, 214. A person who is always dissatisfied., (A) heresy, (B) malcontent, (C) felon, (D) surrogate, 365

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One Word Substitution, , 215. A person who enters without any, invitation., (A) thief, (B) burglar, (C) vandal, (D) intruder, 216. A person who is talkative., (A) garrulous, (B) faithful, (C) client, (D) egoist, 217. One who cuts precious stones., (A) lapidist, (B) philatelist, (C) teweller, (D) drover, 218. A hospital for recuperation or for the, treatment of chronic diseases, (A) sanatorium, (B) asylum, (C) funny farm, (D) bedlam, 219. A professional rider in horse races, (A) horse rider, (B) jockey, (C) screw, (D) rider, 220. One who champions the cause of, women, , (A) lover, (B) beloved, (C) feminist, (D) womanizer, 221. A man who hates marriage, (A) polyandrist, (B) bigot, (C) misogamist, (D) widower, 222. Thick skinned animal, (A) pachyderm, (C) monotreme, 223. Cow - like, , (B) prehensile, (D) hand-skinned, , (A) aquiline, (B) bovine, (C) feline, (D) vulpine, 224. The words with opposite meanings, used together, (A) oxymoron, (B) irony, (C) pun, (D) alliteration, 225. Specialist of kidney, (A) nephrologist, (C) orthopaedist, , (B) paediatrist, (D) oncologist, , ANSWER KEY, 1., 2., 3., 4., 5., 6., 7., 8., 9., 10., 11., 12., 13., 14., 15., 16., 17., 18., 19., 20., 21., 22., 23., 366, , (A), (D), (A), (B), (A), (B), (A), (C), (D), (A), (B), (A), (C), (A), (C), (B), (D), (D), (A), (B), (B), (C), (A), , 24., 25., 26., 27., 28., 29., 30., 31., 32., 33., 34., 35., 36., 37., 38., 39., 40., 41., 42., 43., 44., 45., 46., , (C), (B), (A), (C), (C), (C), (C), (A), (A), (C), (B), (C), (A), (B), (A), (B), (A), (D), (B), (B), (D), (D), (B), , 47., 48., 49., 50., 51., 52., 53., 54., 55., 56., 57., 58., 59., 60., 61., 62., 63., 64., 65., 66., 67., 68., 69., , (C), (B), (A), (B), (B), (C), (B), (B), (B), (A), (C), (B), (C), (D), (C), (A), (D), (B), (A), (B), (C), (B), (C), , 70., 71., 72., 73., 74., 75., 76., 77., 78., 79., 80., 81., 82., 83., 84., 85., 86., 87., 88., 89., 90., 91., 92., , (A), (D), (C), (C), (C), (B), (B), (D), (B), (C), (B), (D), (D), (D), (A), (C), (A), (D), (A), (C), (D), (A), (A), , 93. (B), 94. (B), 95. (C), 96. (B), 97. (B), 98. (C), 99. (A), 100. (B), 101. (B), 102. (B), 103. (B), 104. (A), 105. (C), 106. (B), 107. (B), 108. (B), 109. (D), 110. (C), 111. (B), 112. (C), 113. (A), 114. (C), 115. (B), , 116. (A), 117. (D), 118. (B), 119. (A), 120. (B), 121. (C), 122. (B), 123. (B), 124. (C), 125. (C), 126. (A), 127. (B), 128. (D), 129. (D), 130. (D), 131. (D), 132. (B), 133. (D), 134. (C), 135. (C), 136. (A), 137. (C), 138. (B), , 139. (C), 140. (A), 141. (C), 142. (B), 143. (B), 144. (B), 145. (D), 146. (D), 147. (D), 148. (D), 149. (B), 150. (C), 151. (B), 152. (B), 153. (C), 154. (A), 155. (C), 156. (D), 157. (D), 158. (C), 159. (B), 160. (B), 161. (B), , 162. (B), 163. (A), 164. (D), 165. (B), 166. (A), 167. (C), 168. (A), 169. (A), 170. (A), 171. (B), 172. (A), 173. (C), 174. (A), 175. (A), 176. (A), 177. (B), 178. (D), 179. (B), 180. (A), 181. (A), 182. (A), 183. (C), 184. (A), , 185. (A), 186. (A), 187. (A), 188. (B), 189. (B), 190. (B), 191. (C), 192. (B), 193. (B), 194. (A), 195. (D), 196. (B), 197. (C), 198. (A), 199. (B), 200. (A), 201. (B), 202. (D), 203. (A), 204. (C), 205. (D), 206. (A), 207. (A), , 208. (A), 209. (A), 210. (B), 211. (A), 212. (A), 213. (B), 214. (B), 215. (D), 216. (A), 217. (A), 218. (A), 219. (B), 220. (C), 221. (C), 222. (A), 223. (B), 224. (A), 225. (A), , English – from Plinth to Paramount

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Idioms And Phrases - 2, , 23, , IDIOMS AND PHRASES - 2, , CHAPTER, , 'LET'S USE THEM IN SENTENCES', 1., 2., 3., , 4., 5., , 6., 7., 8., 9., , 10., 11., 12., 13., 14., , Above board (honest and straightforward, bZekunkjh ,oa fu%Ny)&, Gandhi ji was above board, and hence had nothing to hide., Adam’s ale (pure water, 'kq¼ ty)& In the remotest parts of Rajasthan, people walk, miles for Adam’s ale., Add a new feather in one’s cap (to acquire a new honour or distinction, dksbZ u;k lEeku izkIr, djuk)& Paramount Coaching Centre has added a new feather in its cap by starting, Paramount Reader Publication ., Add insult to injury (to harm as well as humiliate, tys ij ued fNM+duk)&, She has added, insult to injury by returning the gift and sending a ‘get lost’ note., After one’s own heart (similar to you, tks vki ds tSlk gh gS)&, Seeing your inclination, towards art and Literature, I can say that you are clearly a person after my own, heart., An eye wash (a pretence, fn[kkok)&, The whole investigation was just an eye wash as, no one was held guilty., An hair-breadth escape (very narrow escape, cky&cky cpuk)&, He had a hair-breadth, escape when his bike skid on the oil drenched road., An old flame (long time love, iqjkuk I;kj, )- He met his old flame in the market yesterday, but prudently avoided eye contact ., An old head on young shoulders (to be more matured than one’s own age, viuh mez ls, T;knk le>nkj gksuk)&, He is an old head on young shoulders as he teaches Physics at a, university at an young age of 25 ., As fit as a fiddle (strong and healthy, LoLFk)&, He feigned illness but I knew that he, was as fit as a fiddle., Assume airs (to pretend superiority, cM+Iiu fn[kkuk)&, After becoming an IAS officer he, has assumed airs., At a stone’s throw (at a little distance, FkksM+h nwjh, Lalij)&, Quila is at a stone’s throw, from my house., At large (absconding, dkuwu ds fxjÝr ls nwj)&, Many terrorists are at large and posing, serious threat to the security of India., At logger heads (to be at strife, 'k=kqrk dh voLFkk)&, Congress is always at logger heads, with the BJP., , English – from Plinth to Paramount, , 381

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Idioms And Phrases - 2, , 15., 16., 17., 18., 19., 20., 21., 22., 23., 24., 25., 26., 27., 28., 29., 30., 31., 32., 33., , 34., 35., 382, , At naught (to disregard or treat as of no importance, vlEeku djuk)&Leaders today set, Gandhiji’s ideals at naught., At odds (in disagreement, vlger gksuk)&Various political parties are at odds in the, matter of Women Reservation Bill., At sea (to be confused, my>u esa)&, He was at sea when he saw the question paper., At one’s beck and call (at service, vkKk esa gkftj jguk)&, The servants were always at the, beck and call of the rich merchant., Back stairs influence (improper and private influence, ,slk izHkko tks vlkoZtfud gks ,oa lgh ugha, He tried to get a government job by back stair influence., gks)&, Bad egg (a worthless person, vokaNfu; O;fDr)&, Often a prodigal son of a rich father, becomes a bad egg for the society., Bandy words (to argue, tqcku yM+kuk)&, The two neighbourers usually bandy words and, create a lot of nuisance., Bank upon (depend on, count on, ij fuHkZj gksuk)&, You can bank upon us at the time of, need., Bated breath (holding your breath, in anxiety, fpark bR;kfn ls lk¡l :duk)&, We waited for the, good news outside the delivery room with bated breath., Caught red-handed (to be caught while committing a crime, jaxs gkFk idM+s tkuk)&, My, brother felt ashamed when he was caught red handed reading my personal diary., Be in bad books of (out of favour, Ñik ik=k u gksuk)&, She is in bad books of her parents, as she went to see a movie without informing them., Be in bad odour of (to be out of favour, fdlh dh cqjh jk; esa gksuk)&, A corrupt minister is, always in bad odour of the public., Be in good books of (to be in kind favour, Ñik ik=k gksuk, ½& She is in good books of her, employer as she is very efficient and hardworking., Be in good odour of (to be in good favour, fdlh dh vPNh jk; esa gksuk)&, An honest minister, is always in good odour of the public., Be in the driving seat (to take the whole responsibility, lkjh ftEesnkjh dk Hkkj mBkuk)&, Ramesh is the eldest son and so he is in the driving seat after his father’s death., ½& Our school bore the palm in the dance, Bear the palm (to be victorious, fot;h gksuk, competition held at the district level., Beat the air (to make useless efforts, O;FkZ iz;kl djuk)&, Trying to reform a hard-core, criminal is like beating the air., Bed of roses (an easy and comfortable situation, ljy vkSj vkjke dh fLFkfr)&, The life of the, prince was a bed of roses., Bee in one’s bonnet (go on talking about something which other people think is not, )& She, ugha, gksa bee in her bonnet, important, jkx vykiuk ml ckr dk tks nwljksa ds fy, egRoiw.kZ, has, about recycling of waste material., Behind the scene (secretly, fNis :i esa)&The minister is the mastermind behind the, scene and the police are arresting small fries., Below the belt (to strike unfairly, xyr rjhds ls izgkj djuk)&, One must compete with, others in a fair manner and should not hit anyone below the belt., English – from Plinth to Paramount

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Idioms And Phrases - 2, , 36., 37., 38., , 39., 40., 41., 42., , 43., 44., 45., 46., 47., 48., 49., 50., 51., 52., 53., 54., 55., , Beside oneself (to feel extremely nervous or worried, cgqr vf/d fpUrhr ;k O;kdy gksuk)&, Before any exam I am beside myself., Beside the mark (irrelevant, vizklafxd)&, The judge did not hear any argument that, was beside the mark., Between Scylla and Charybdis (between two great dangers, nks dfBu ifjfLFkfr;ksa ds chp)&, She is between Scylla and Charybdis: If she obeys her mother-in-law she will lose, her job and if she does not she will lose her family., Bid defiance (to defy, voKk djuk)&, The army is bidding defiance by going against the, government., Bite the dust (to be defeated, gkj tkuk)&, In every match , the Pakistani team bit, the dust., Blaze the trail (to be pioneer and make path for others, nwljks ds fy, jkLrk cukuk)&, Only a, man of iron can blaze the trail., Blessing in disguise (something intrinsically good but having a bad appearance, Åij ls, cqjh fn[kus okyh ij okLro esa vPNhHe, ckr)&, missed the train but it was a blessing in disguise, as the train met with an accident., Blow one’s own trumpet (to praise one’s ownself, viuh gh 'ks[kh c?kkjuk)&, Every political, party always blows its own trumpet and denounces the other political parties., Blue stocking (an educated intellectual lady, i<+h fy[kh efgyk)&, A blue stocking was, rarely found in Medieval India., Book worm (a bibliophilic person, fdrkch dhM+k)&, She is not a book worm but still, comes first., Break the ice (to break silence by speaking first, fuLrC/krk rksM+uk)&, Shyam broke the ice, by talking to me after a long time., Bring down the house (receive great applause, Hkjiwj rkjhiQ ikuk)&, The performance of, Lata Mangeshkar brought the house down., Bring home (to explain, le>kuk)&I was unable to bring my views home before, my parents., Bring to book (to punish, ltk nsuk)&The guilty should be brought to book., izdk, esa ykuk)&, Bring to light (to disclose, irk yxkuk] fNih ckr dks’k, The CBI has brought many, indiscripancies to light in many high profile cases., Brow beat (to intimidate, Mjkuk)&, The Government must not brow beat the social reformers if they protest against any unjust law., Burn one’s boats (point of no return, okilh dk jkLrk can dj nsuk)&, By signing the agreement, he burnt his boat. Now he will have to work in this organization for two more years., By and by (gradually, /hjs&/hjs)&, You will learn the norms of this organization by and by., By and large (on the whole, laiw.kZ :i ls ns[kus, ½&ij My friend is by and large an, honest person., By dint of (by means of, ds cy ij)& You can succeed by dint of hard work only., , English – from Plinth to Paramount, , 383

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Idioms And Phrases - 2, , 56., 57., 58., 59., 60., 61., 62., 63., 64., 65., 66., 67., 68., 69., 70., 71., 72., 73., 74., 75., 76., 77., 78., 384, , By fair or foul means (by any way right or wrong, lgh ;k xyr fdlh Hkh izdkj ls)&, He will try, to get a job by fair or foul means but will ultimately lose his peace of mind., By the rule of thumb (according to practical experience, O;ogkfjd :i ls)& By rule of, thumb we must not allow children to take major decisions., Call a spade and spade (to be frank, eqagiQV ckr ½&, djukHe never hesitated in calling a, spade a spade and hence he has few friends., Call names (to abuse, xkyh nsuk, ½& He has a bad habit of calling names., Capital punishment (death penalty, ekSr dh ltk)& Capital punishment should be, abolished as it is the cruelest form of punishment., Carrot and stick policy (reward and punishment policy, buke vkSj ltk dh ikWfylh)&, The, multinational companies adopt carrot and stick policy to get maximum output., Carry matters with a high hand (to deal with a person strictly, l[rh ls fuiVuk)&The, police carry matters with high hand., Cast a slur (to bring disgrace, vi; ’k dk dkj.k cuuk, ½& Taking bribe could cast a slur on, the honour of your family., Cave in (yield, >qd tkuk)&, One must not cave in under pressure or temptation., Chapter and verse (in full detail, iw.kZ fooj.k ds lkFk)&, I cannot narrate the whole incident in chapter and verse., Cheek by jowl (close together, lkFk&lkFk)&, Many poor people live cheek by jowl in a, small room., ½& It is not a child’s play to address a crowd., Child’s play (a very easy task, cPpksa dk [ksy, Clinch the issue (to clear the controversy, fookn [kRe djuk)&, The college administration, clinched the issue by accepting the demands of the students., Clip one’s wings (to weaken the power, ij drjuk)& Sonia Gandhi clipped the wings of, some ministers by withdrawing the powers delegated to them., ½& His family had a close shave in the bus, Close shave (a narrow escape, cky&cky cpuk, accident., Cloven hoof (symbol of disgrace or evil intention, vlEeku ;k 'kSrkuh bjkns dk izrhd)&, Usually, some or other leader of the BJP shows cloven hoof to the BJP leadership., Cock a snook (to show impudent contempt, vlEeku izdV djuk)&, He refused to accept the, award, cocking a snook at the Filmfare Award jury., Cock sure (very sure and certain, lqfuf'pr gksuk)&, I am cock sure, we will win the match., Cold reception (not a hearty welcome, tks xeZtks, were very, ’kh ls Hkjk Lokxr ugha We, gks)&, unhappy when we were given cold reception at his marriage party., ½& I came across a problem when I was, Come across (meet by chance, vpkud eqykdkr gksuk, solving the equation., Come home to (to understand, le> esa vkuk)&, At last, it came home and we got the, correct answer., Come in handy (to be useful, dke dk gksuk)&, This opener comes in handy when we, need to open this container., Come to a pass (a difficult situation, fdlh ?kVuk dk gksuk)&, The accident came to pass due, to the negligence of the driver., English – from Plinth to Paramount

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Idioms And Phrases - 2, , 79., 80., 81., 82., , 83., 84., 85., 86., 87., 88., 89., 90., 91., 92., , 93., 94., 95., 96., 97., 98., , Come true (to prove true, lgh lkfcr gksuk)&, My dreams have come true as I have got, selected., Cool one’s heels (to be kept waiting, bUrtkj djk;k tkuk)&, We sat down and cooled our, heels for the minister who didn’t turn up., Corporal punishment (bodily punishment, 'kkjhfjd n.M)&, Corporal punishment is, banned in schools., Count chickens before they are hatched (To anticipate profit before hand, igys ls ykHk, dk fo’okl dj ysuk)& Don’t dream of profit now as it is futile to count your chickens, before they are hatched., Cross one’s mind (to occur to oneself, vpkud fnekx esa vkuk)&, I was resting when suddenly a new idea crossed my mind., Curry favour (to win favour by flattery, [kq'kken djds ds Ñik dk ik=k cuuk)&, Many developing, countries curry favour with America., Curtain lecture (a private scolding by wife to her husband, vdsys esa ifr dks nh xbZ Mk¡V)&, Don’t tell me that your father has never got any curtain lecture in his life., Cut both ends (to argue in support of both sides of the issue, nksuksa i{kks ds rjiQ ls rdZ nsuk)&, Mahesh always cuts both ends and hence he has neither friends nor foes., ½& The, Cut the Gordian knot (to solve a difficult problem, fdlh dfBu leL;k dk gy fudkyuk, national leaders cut the Gordian knot by making India a secular country., Cut throat (tough, dBhu)&We face cut throat competition in every field., Damp squib (complete failure though earlier thought to be exciting, iw.kZ vliQyrk] tks yxrk Fkk, mÙkstukRed gksxk)&, The performance of team India turned out to be a damp squib., cT+kkuk, Dance attendance upon (to be in servile attitude all the time, pkiywlh djuk@ gkftjh ½&, The mother-in-law wanted the lady to dance attendance upon her., Dark Horse (unexpected winner, vizR;kf'kr fotsrk)&, An unknown independent candidate, came out as a dark horse after the election., Days of reckoning (a time when the effects of one’s past mistakes or misdeed catch up, with one, tc Hkwrdky esa dh xbZ xfYr;kas dk vlj fn[kus, Youyxs)&, have been manipulating the, account for a long time. Now days of reckoning have come., Dead broke (penniless, fnokfy;k)&, Due to recession he has become a dead broke., gksuk)&, Die-hard (obstinately resistant to change, ifjorZu ds f[kykiQ n`<+rk ls He, is a die-hard, fan of Devanand., Dig one’s own grave (to do something which causes you harm, ,slk ÑR; tks eqlhcr esa Mky, ns)&You are digging your own grave by writing your pass word in your diary., Dog’s life (very miserable life, d"Vnk;d thou)&Due to unchecked inflation, the poor, are living a dog’s life., Double dealing (deceitful actions, /kks[ksckth ds dk;Z)&, The double dealing of the lawyer, was exposed by a sting operation., Double-edged sword (act that will harm oneself as well as the others, ,slk dk;Z tks nwljs dks, vkSj Lo;a dks Hkh uqdlku igqapk, lds)&, Corruption, is a doubled edged sword for the public as, well as the Government., , English – from Plinth to Paramount, , 385

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Idioms And Phrases - 2, , 99., 100., 101., 102., 103., 104., 105., 106., 107., 108., , 109., 110., , 111., 112., 113., 114., 115., 116., 117., 118., 119., 120., 386, , Down and out (lacking funds, resources or prospects, iQ.M] laink bR;kfn dh deh gksuk)&, He, was down and out when his factory was burnt to the ground., Down in the mouth (filled with melancholy and despondency, nq[k ,oa fujk'kk ls Hjk gksuk)&, She was down in the mouth when she saw her husband’s dead body., Draconian law (extremely severe law, vR;Ur Øwj dkuwu)&, There are still many draconian, laws in under developed countries., Draw the long bow (to tell large stories or to exaggerate, yEch dgkfu;k¡ cukuk ;k c<+k&p<+k dj, Come to the point. Don’t draw a long bow., dqN crkuk)&, Drawn battle /match (a battle or match in which no party wins, cjkcj dh ckth gksuk)&, The, drawn battle created a lot of excitement till the last ball., ek=kk)&, Drop in the ocean (very insignificant amount, vR;Ur gh FkksM+hMy, knowledge about, Archeology is only a drop in the ocean., Ducks and drakes (to waste money, iSls cckZn djuk)&, I cannot allow you to play ducks, and drakes with my hard earned money., lkgl)&, Dutch courage (bravery under alcoholic influence, 'kjkc ds u'ks esa fn[kk;s tkuk okykHis, dutch courage will vanish when he will gain his sense., Easy money (bribe, fj'or)& Many officers make easy money., Eat one’s word (to admit that something you said in the past was wrong, ;s Lohdkj djuk, fd dgh gqbZ ckr xyr FkhThose, )& who said that Amitabh Bachhan’s charm was over had, to eat their word after the success of Kaun Banega Crorepati., Egg on (to urge somebody to do some thing that is generally wrong, dqN xyr dk;Z djus ds fy,, izksRlkfgr djuk)&, He egged me on to drive faster., Eke out (to support (existence) with difficulty and effort or to add (something insufficient), especially with effort, cgqr eqf'dy ls dqN miyC/ djkuk)&, He is trying to eke out an, income by doing over time., Elixir of life (nectar of life, thou dk ve`r)& Contentment is the elixir of life., Enough and to spare (plentiful, izpqj ek=kk esa)&, He earns enough and to spare., Ever and Anon (now and then, tc&rc)& The night was dark and we could hear the, howling of dogs ever and anon., Every dog has his day (good fortune comes sooner or later, vPNk fnu lcdk vkrk gS)&, When, he bagged three movies in a row, he realized that every dog has his day., ls She is an honest person by every inch ., Every Inch (Completely, iw.kZ :i ½&, Eye wash (ineffective remedy which is just for show, fliQZ fn[kkos dk)&, The committee set, up to look into the multiple scams was just an eye wash., See eye-to-eye (showing agreement/ to agree, iw.kZr% lger gksuk)&, The two competitiors, never see eye to eye., djuk, Face the music (to face opposition, dfBukbZ ;k fojks/ dk lkeuk½&, Every leader has to, face the music if he doesn’t fulfill promises made by him., ½& I don’t want to fan the flame of the tension, Fan the flame (to aggravate, cnrj cukuk, between the husband and the wife., Few and far between (very rare, cgqr de)&The houses in this remote village are few, and far away., English – from Plinth to Paramount

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Idioms And Phrases - 2, , 121. Fight to the finish (to fight to the end, vkf[kjh urhts rd yM+uk)&, When she was blamed, and sued without any rhyme or reason, she pledged to fight the case to the finish., 122. Fish in troubled waters (to take advantage of the difficulties of others, nwljksa dh ijs'kkuh dk, ykHk mBkuk)&, Many lawyers don’t hesitate from fishing in troubled waters., 123. Fit to hold a candle to (match for, equal in quality, cjkcjh dk gksuk)&, He is such a miser, that he is not fit to hold a candle of such a lavish reception., 124. Flash in the pan (something or someone that became successful quickly and is unlikely, to be repeated, vLdekr liQyrk ikuk tks {kf.kd gks vkSj Hkfo"; esa fiQj 'kk;n, The usuccess, gks)& of, Kumar Gaurav in his debut movie ‘Love Story’ was a flash in the pan., 125. Flesh and blood (human nature or physical existence, together with its weaknesses /, substance and depth in artistic portrayal, gkM+&ek¡l dk gksuk@ fdlh dyk esa ik;h tkus okyh xgjkbZ)&, The movies of late seventies lacked flesh and blood with their ketchup blood and, round the tree romance., 126. Flog a dead horse (to waste one’s energy, csdkj dh dks'kh'k djuk)&, Trying to reform a, terrorist is like flogging a dead horse., 127. Fly in the face of (to defy/ to brave/ to withstand, voKk djuk@ lkgl ls lkeuk djuk)&, The, theory about the existence of heaven and hell flies in the face of all logic and common sense., 128. Fly into a passion (to be enraged, Øksf/r gksuk)&, He flies into a passion within seconds, if someone ignores his instructions., 129. Fool’s errand (a fruitless mission or undertaking, fu"iQy dk;Z)&, Many projects of, Mohammad -bin-tuglaq were fool’s errand., 130. Foot the bill (bear expenses, [kpZ ogu djuk)&, You had ordered these tasteless pizzaz ., Now you will have to foot the bill., 131. For good (for ever, ges'kk ds fy,)He educated him and sent him to America for good., 132. For the rainy day (precaution for emergency, dfBu ifjfLFkfr;ksa ds fy;s izcU/)&, I have kept, some money in the bank for the rainy days., 133. Foul Play (treachery, /ks[kk/M+h)&, Foul play destroys the fun of life., 134. French leave (leave without information, fcuk lwpuk ds vuqifLFkr gksuk)&, If you take french, leave, you will be fined., 135. From the bottom of one’s heart (very sincerely, vUrj eu ls)& I thanked him from the, bottom of my heart for his timely help., 136. Gain ground (to progress/ advance, rjDdh djuk@ opZLo c<+kuk)&, Due to the misgovernance, by the ruling party, the opposition is gaining ground., 137. Gentleman at large (wealthy man with time on his hands, /uh O;fDr ftlds ikl le; dh deh, Here he was, talking like a gentleman at large who was free to come and go, u gks)&, and roam about the world at pleasure,, 138. Get down to brass tacks (discuss the basic facts or realities/ to deal with the matter, djuk)&After avoiding the thorny question of tax reforms, straight, fdlh eq[; fo"k;ij ppZk, for months, the ruling party finally got down to brass tacks last week and drafted a, preliminary proposal., 139. Get into a scrape (find oneself in a difficult or awkward situation, [kqn dks eqf'dy gkykr esa, ikuk)&By signing the bond he will get into a scrape., English – from Plinth to Paramount, , 387

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Idioms And Phrases - 2, , 140. Get the better of (to overcome, dkcw ik ysuk)&, At last he got the better of his problems, and opponents., 141. Get wind of (to know the secret, Hksn tku ysuk, ½& The opposition got the wind of the plans, of the ruling party., 142. Gird up the loin (to be well prepared for some difficult task, fdlh dfBu dk;Z dks djus ds fy,, dej dl dj rS;kj gksuk½& If we all gird up the loin, we can remove illiteracy., 143. Give a wide berth (to give ample space or distance to avoid an unwanted consequence,, fdlh vokaNfu; urhts ls cpus ds fy, nwjh cuk;s j[kuk)&, Being an understanding father, you should, give a wide berth to your son and wait for the right time to talk to him., 144. Give cold shoulder (pay no attention to, è;ku u nsuk)&, He went to the police for help but, they gave him cold shoulder., 145. Give somebody enough rope (to hang themselves) (to allow someone to do what he, wants to, knowing that he will probably fail or get into trouble, fdlh dks dqN djus dh vuqefr, Don’t stop him.Give him enough rope to hang., ns nsuk ;s tkurs gq, fd og vliQy gks tk,xkA)&, He will be rejected for his poor performance and will return home., 146. Give the devil his due (even the wicked person should be given the credit due to him,, In spite of being so rude, he helped me in need. The, cqjs vkneh dh Hkh mfpr iz'kalk, ½&djuk, devil should be given his due., 147. Give up the ghost (to die, ej tkuk)& My grandfather gave up to ghost last Sunday., 148. Give vent to (to express one’s thoughts or feelings, vius fopkjksa ;k Hkkoukvksa dks izdV djuk)&, Every Indian is free to give vent to his thoughts., jguk)&, 149. Wool-gathering (to engage in fanciful daydreaming, euHkkou dYiuk esa [kks, Work, hard. Wool gathering will not help you in any way., 150. Go back on one’s word (to change one’s mind about/ repudiate, ckr ls ihNs gV tkuk)&, She, has decided to do charity and she should not go back on her word., 151. Go broke (become bankrupt, fnokfy;k gksuk)&, He has gone broke and is unable to make, both ends meet.., 152. Whole hog (the whole way/Completely, iw.kZ :i ls)&, She went the whole hog and checked, the account of the whole month in one go., 153. Golden opportunity (very favourable opportunity or chance, lqugjk volj½& He missed, the golden opportunity by declining the offer., 154. Green horn (an inexperienced or immature person, especially one who is easily, gks)& heavy loss because he, deceived,vuqHkoghu O;fDr ftls csodwiQ cukuk vklku, He incurred, relied on the green horn who was his own nephew., 155. Hang in balance (have two equally possible results/ be uncertain, vfuf'p; dh fLFkfr)&, After, the opposition party won the election, whether or not the new highway will be built,, hangs in the balance., 156. Hang over one’s head (to have something bothering or worrying one, ijs'kkuh ;k leL;k dk cus, jguk)&He committed suicide because troubles and court cases hung over his head., 157. Hard and fast (definite, fuf'pr)& There is no hard and fast rule for solving these, numericals., 388, , English – from Plinth to Paramount

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Idioms And Phrases - 2, , 158. Harp on the same string (to keep on talking on the same topic, ,d gh fo"k; ij ckr djrs, jguk)& Some obsessed people have the habit of harping on the same string., 159. At the nick of time (at the last possible moment, Bhd le; ij)& I reached the examination hall at the nick of time., 160. Heart and soul (with complete faith and dedication, lPps fny ls)&He has put heart and, soul in his work., 161. Heart to heart (very frankly, iwjs fny ls] [kqys :i ls)&, The two friends had a heart to heart, talk as they met after many years., 162. Hen-pecked husband (admirer of one’s own wife in a servile manner, tks: dk xqyke)&, Every boy boasts, “I will never become a hen pecked husband.”, 163. Himalayan blunder (a serious mistake, xaHkhj xyrh)&, He committed a Himalayan blunder by leaving for work without his body guards and was shot dead., 164. Hit the nail on the head (to act in the right way, Bhd fu’kkus ij pksV ekjuk)&, You have hit, the nail on the head by making the bid at the right time., 165. Hold good (valid/ applicable, ykxw@ mfpr Bgjkuk)&, Rule of triple talaq doesn’t hold good, even in the Islamic countries., 166. Hold one’s ground (to stand firm, n`<+rk ls MVs jguk)&, The Indian soldiers held their, ground to the end., 167. Hold one’s jaw (to stop talking, cksyuk cUn gksuk)&, Please hold your jaw else I shall, go away., 168. Hold the fort (to stand firm on one’s position, vius LFkku ij MVs jguk)&, Our soldiers held, the fort and proved their valour., 169. Hold the scales even (to be impartial, fu"i{k jguk)&The Judge must hold the, scales even., 170. Hold water (to stand up to critical examination, lgh lkfcr gksuk)&, Your argument does not, hold water., 171. Hot water (trouble, ijs'kkfu;ka)&, Your cousin is in hot water due to his controversial speech., 172. In a fix (in a difficult mental state, ekufld my>u esa)&, He was in a fix when he saw his, mother in ICU., 173. In a tight corner (in difficult situation, eqf'dy gkykr eas)&, I found myself in a tight corner, when I lost my journey ticket., 174. In doldrums (to be depressed, fujk'kk esa)&, He was found in doldrum when he could not, succeed even in his third attempt., 175. In embryo (immature/ in the making, vfodflr voLFkk esa)&, My plan of expanding my, business is still in embryo., 176. In no time (in a very short time, FkksM+h gh nsj esa)&, He can solve any mathematical, problem in no time., 177. In one’s teens (from thirteen to nineteen years of age, rSjg ls mUuhl lky rd)&, A person in, his teen is spirited, full of dreams and optimistic., 178. In the air (in circulation/ in people’s thoughts, ppkZ esa)&, News of his cold blooded, murder is very much in the air., English – from Plinth to Paramount, , 389

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Idioms And Phrases - 2, , 179. Down in the dumps (unhappy, depressed, nq[kh@ fujk'k)&, He is down in the dumps after, his father’s death., 180. In the family way (pregnant, xHkZorh)&, She has applied for leave as she is in the, family way., 181. In the good books of (to be in favour with a person, i{k esa djuk)&, People usually flatter, their boss to remain in their good books., ½& The, esa boy was in the jaws of the, 182. In the jaws of (in the grip of, nkarksa ds chp] fdlh ds dCts, kidnappers., 183. In the limelight (at the centre of attention, vkdZ"k.k dk dsUnz)&, Film stars are habitual of, remaining in the lime light., 184. In the lurch (in a difficult and embarrassing position, eqf'dy ,oa chp ea>/kj okyh fLFkfr esa)&, when the experiment failed, the sub-ordinates left the eminent scientist in lurch., 185. Melting pot (a place where immigrants of different cultures or races form an integrated, gS)&, society, ,slk LFkku tgk¡ vizoklh yksx viuh&viuh lH;rk ds lkFk ,d lekt cukrs, With, immigrants, from all over the world getting an easy passage to India, our country is becoming a, melting pot., 186. In the red (in debt, dtZ esa)&, The company is in the red due to its unfeasible projects., 187. In the teeth of (in opposition to or defiance of/facing danger or threats, ds fo:¼@ [krjs dk, lkeuk djuk)&The tribe was in the teeth of starvation., 188. In the twinkling of an eye (in a moment/in no time, {k.k Hkj esa)&, The house came down, in the twinkling of an eye., 189. To fish in troubled waters (to take advantage of the problems of others, fo"ke ifjfLFkfr dk, Many self-centred lawyers fish in troubled water., ykHk mBkuk)&, 190. For all intents and purposes (for all practical purposes, gj O;kogkfjd mís'; ds fy,)&, This, dictionary is useful for all intents and purposes., 191. Snake in the grass (a secret enemy, vkLrhu dk lkai@ diVh fe=k)&, Politicians playing caste, based politics are snakes in the grass., 192. Keep abreast of (not to fall behind, ihNs u jg tkuk)&, We must keep ourselves abreast of, the latest development in technology., 193. Keep an eye on (to watch, utj j[kuk)& It is very necessary for us to keep an eye on, our growing children., 194. Keep an open table (to entertain all, lc dk Lokxr djuk)&It is not very difficult to keep, an open table in a party., 195. Keep at an arm’s length (to keep at a distance, nwjh cuk dj j[kuk)&, You must keep bad, habits at arm’s length., 196. Keep at bay (To keep someone at a distance, nwj j[kuk, ½& He held the police at bay with, a gun for several hours., 197. Keep body and soul together (to be able to pay for just those things that you need in, order to live, fliQZ thou&;kiu Hkj dk tqxkM+ dj They, can barely keep body and soul, ikuk)&, together on what he earns., 198. Keep the pot boiling (to keep going on actively, thou p;kZ tkjh j[kuk)&, One has to keep, the pot boiling inspite of all odds one has to face in life., 390, , English – from Plinth to Paramount

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Idioms And Phrases - 2, , 199. Keep up appearance (to keep one’s prestige/to maintain outward show, ckgjh fn[kkok cuk;s, j[kuk)& Inspite of being a bankrupt, he is able to keep up his appearance., 200. Kick one’s heels (wait impatiently to be summoned, cqykos ds fy, cslczh ls bartkj djuk)&, The, whole day we kicked our heels outside the court room., 201. Kick the bucket (to die, ej tkuk)&He kicked the bucket and left his family in extreme financial difficulty., 202. Kill the fat calf for (to arrange a lavish reception for someone, fdlh dk /we/ke ls Lokxr, djuk½& India killed the fat calf for the Common Wealth Games., 203. Kiss the dust (to be humiliated, viekfur gksuk)&, In Indo-Pak war our enemies had to, kiss the dust., 204. Knock against (to hit against, VDdj [kkuk)&, I couldn’t see the transparent door and, knocked against it., 205. Lapped in luxury (brought up in luxury, foykflrk esa iyuk)&, Great people are generally, not lapped in luxury., 206. Laugh in one’s sleeves (to laugh secretly, pqids ls)&Our neighbours laughed in their, sleeves when they saw my grand father wearing a pair of fashionable googles., 207. Lead by the nose (to lead someone by coercion/ to guide someone very carefully, nokc, I had, to lead him by the nose to the meeting., esa ;k ekxZn'kZu djus gsrq fdlh dks jkLrk, fn[kkuk)&, He will never find his way through the admission form unless you lead him by the nose., 208. Lead to the altar (to marry, 'kknh djus tkuk)&, He promised her to lead her to the altar., 209. Leap in the dark (to do something though there is uncertainty about the outcome, vfuf'pr, play lottery is to leap in the dark., ifj.kke gksus ij Hkh dksbZ dk;ZTo, djuk)&, 210. Leave no stone unturned (to make all possible efforts, dksbZ Hkh iz;Ru ckdh u NksM+uk)&, He, worked very hard to pass the Civil Services Exams and left no stone unturned., 211. Leave one in the lurch (to leave one in difficulties, fdlh dk dfBukbZ;ksa esa lkFk NksM+, He nsuk)&, kicked the bucket and left his family in the lurch., tkuk)&, 212. Let by-gones be by-gones (to forget old things, iqjkuh ckrksa dks Hkwy, India, and Pakistan must start bi-lateral talks and let by-gones be by-gones., 213. Lick the dust (to get defeated, gkj tkuk)&, The team licked the dust in the final match., 214. Lie in wait (wait in hiding to attack,?kkr yxk;s cSBs jguk)&, The policemen were lying in, wait for the kidnappers., 215. Live in an Ivory tower (where one can be aloof from the realities of life , tgk¡ thou dh, The queen lived in an ivory tower and did not know the meanokLrfodrk ls nwj jgrs gSa)&, ing of poverty., 216. Long and short (all that can or need be said., lkjka'k)&, The long and short of the whole, discussion will be made available to all in black and white., 217. Look down upon (To hate a person, fdlh O;fDr ls ?k`.kk djuk)&, I hate those people who, look down upon the poor., 218. Lose the day (to be defeated, gkj tkuk)&My favourite football team lost the day., 219. Make a fortune (To grow rich, /uh cu tkuk)& He made a fortune by selling smuggled, goods., English – from Plinth to Paramount, , 391

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Idioms And Phrases - 2, , 220. Make after (to pursue or chase, ihNk djuk)&, The people made after the chain snatcher, and caught him., 221. Make amends (to compensate, gtkZuk nsuk)&, He had to make amends for his bad behavior., 222. Make head or tail of (to understand, le>uk)& The doctor could not make the head or, tail of his illness., 223. Make one’s mark (to achieve distinction, viuk izHkko NksM+uk)&, India has made its mark in, the field of technology., 224. Make out (to understand, le> ysuk)& I could not make out what he was saying., 225. Make up the leeway (struggle out of a bad position, especially by recovering lost time,, The Government will have to make up the, xoka pqds le; dh {kfriwfrZ djds cqjs gkykr ls fudyuk)&, leeway by taking remedial actions immediately., 226. Make up one’s mind (To determine, fu'p; djuk ½& She has made up her mind to, divorce her cruel husband., 227. Make a clean breast (to confess especially something bad or illegal, fdlh xqukg dk lp, dcwy ysuk )&, After months of lying about the money, he decided to make a clean, breast of it and tell the truth., 228. Man in the street (common man, lk/kj.k O;fDr)&The life of a man in the street has, become very difficult because of rising price., 229. Man of iron (man with strong will-power, n`<+ bPNk 'kfDr okyk)&, Nothing can deter a, man of iron ., ½& We were ready to, 230. Meet half-way (to be prepared for compromise, le>kSrs ds fy, jkth gksuk, meet the other party half way and settle all litigation., 231. Milk of human kindness (human compassion, ekuork ls Hkjk g`n;)&, Milk of human, kindness is necessary for the existence of humanity., 232. Narrow circumstances (hard days/ poverty, xjhch ds fnu)&, After his father’s death, he, is living in narrow circumstances., 233. Neither chick nor child (no child, dksbZ cPps dk u gksuk)&, She feels very lonely because, she has neither chick nor child., 234. No love lost (having no love, fdlh izdkj dk izse@fe=krk dk u gksuk)&, There is no love lost, between these two neighbours who are fighting an endless court case., 235. Nook and corner (at every place, izR;sd LFkku ij)&, I searched for my book at every nook, and corner of the house., 236. Oil someone’s hands (to bribe, fj'or nsuk)&We should stop oiling the officials’ hands., 237. Beauty is only skin deep (physical beauty is not important, ckgjh lqUnjrk egRoiw.kZ, She, ugha)&, took a wrong decision by not marrying this gentleman.She doesn't know that beauty, is only skin deep., 238. On and on (to continue, tkjh j[kuk)&She went on and on but nobody listened to her., 239. On the horns of a dilemma (to face a difficult situation between two problems, eqlhcr esa, drive has put many shops on the horns, iQaluk] nks dfBu voLFkkvksa dsThe, chp demolition, esa)&, of a dilemma because if they do not shut down, their shops will be sealed and if they, do, they lose their means of livelihood., 392, , English – from Plinth to Paramount

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Idioms And Phrases - 2, , 240. On the wrong side of (one’s age being more than, vf/d mez dk gksuk)&, He is on the wrong, side of fifty now., 241. Open secret (known to all, loZfofnr)&He is bankrupt and this is an open secret now., 242. Order of the day (some common things of the time, dksbZ izpfyr ckr)&, Following new, fashion is the order of the day., 243. Out of the wood (out of difficulties, eqlhcr ls NqVdkjk)&, At last India came out of the wood, and got independence., 244. Pay one back in one’s own coin (tit for tat, tSls dks rSlk)&, The person doing wrong, should be paid back in his own coin., 245. Pell mell (very fast and not organised, cgqr tYn vkSj vLr&O;Lr rjhds ls)&, Every thing was, done pell mell as we got the order at the eleventh hour., 246. Petticoat-Government ( undue influence of women, fL=k;ksa dk vuqfpr ncko)&, Petticoatgovernment may adversaly influence your whole project., ½&, fudkyuk, 247. Pick holes in (to find fault with, nwljksa esa nks"k, My boss has the habit of picking, holes in our performance., 248. Pin prick (troubles that are for short time, tks leL;k,a dqN fliQZ le; ds fy, gks)&, We should, ignore such pin pricks and get on with the job., 249. Play a double game (to act dubiously, /ks[kk/kM+h djuk)&, My friend was playing a double, game., 250. Play fast and loose (be unreliable, vfo'oluh; gksuk)&How can you trust a man who, plays fast and loose changing his statement every minute?, 251. Play one false (to deceive, fdlh dks /ks[kk nsuk)&, He played her false and married again., 252. Play one’s cards well (to do the correct things to achieve a desired result, le>nkjh ls dke, djuk)& If you play your cards well, you will get selected.., 253. Play the fool (to act foolishly, csodwiQh djuk)&, Why do you play the fool when it comes to, spending money?, 254. Pocket an insult (to bear insult, vieku lgu dj ysuk)& Indians had to pocket much, insult during their fight for Independence., 255. Poison one’s ears against (to set a person against another, fdlh ds fo#¼ dku Hkjuk)&, She, has poisoned the ears of my mother-in-law., 256. Past master (an expert, fdlh {ks=k dk fo'ks"kK)&, He is a past master in cheating others., 257. Pour oil on troubled waters (to pacify the anger of others, Øks/ dks 'kkUr djus dk iz;Ru)&, He, solved the matter by pouring oil on troubled waters with his good behaviour., 258. Pull the string (to exercise secret influence, fNis :i ls izHkko Mkyuk)&, When I saw extreme, level of red-tapism in the organization, I had to pull my strings to get my work done., 259. Pull to pieces (to criticise severely, dVq vkykspuk djuk)&, The leader of opposition has, pulled the ruling party to pieces., 260. Put an end to (to finish, lekIr dj nsuk)&She has put an end to her unfeasible ideas., 261. Put pen to paper (to start writing, fy[kuk vkjEHk dj nsuk)&, In my board examination I put, my pen to paper without wasting a second., 262. Put the saddle on the right horse (to blame the really guilty person, lgh vijk/h ij vkjksi, yxkuk)The court put the saddle on the right horse and passed the right order., English – from Plinth to Paramount, , 393

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Idioms And Phrases - 2, , 263. Put to the sword (to kill, ekj nsuk)&, Nadir Shah put even children to the sword., 264. Put up with (to tolerate, lgu djuk)& Maharana Pratap could not put up with insult., 265. Rank and file (lower middle class people, lk/kj.k Js.kh ds yksx)&, The extra-ordinary, speeches of the great orators cannot be appreciated by the rank and file., 266. Red rag to a bull (something that will surely produce a violent reaction, fuf'pr gh mÙksftr, djus okyh ckr)&The racial comments against the Indians proved to be a red rag to a, bull and the riot took place., 267. Rise to the occasion (to show that you can deal with a difficult situation, ;s fn[kk nsuk fd, vki eqf'dy gkykr dk lkeuk dj ldrs gS)&Mahatma Gandhi rose to the occasion and dared, the British., 268. Roll up one’s sleeves (to be prepared for hard work, dM+h esgur ds fy;s rS;kj jguk)&, We will, have to roll up our sleeves as the time of examination has come., 269. Rub shoulders with (to meet and spend time with, fdlh ds fudV lEidZ esa vkuk)&, He claims, to have rubbed shoulders with Salman Khan during his journey to Sydney., 270. Run down (reduced in health/to criticize, LokLF; esa fxjkoV@ fuUnkI djuk)&, was worried, because she looked run down ., Do not run down your friends in public., 271. Run short/ Hard up (not proving sufficient, shortage of money/ something, fdlh pht@ iSls, dh deh)& I am running short of money these days., If you are hard up, you can come to me., 272. Scratch one’s head (to be perplexed, ijs'kku gks tkuk)&, I scratched my head when I saw, the puzzles in the PO exam., 273. Screw up one’s courage (to gather courage, lkgl c<+kuk)&, Working women have to, screw up their courage to handle eve teasing incidents at their working places., 274. Seal of love (kiss, pqEcu)&They validated their marriage with a seal of love., 275. See the light (to be born, tUe ysuk)&Many female babies are aborted before they see, the light., 276. Set price on one’s head (to offer reward for killing or helping in the arrest of a criminal,, fdlh vijk/h dks ekjus ;k idM+okus esa enn djus ij buke dh, ½&?kks"k.kk, The government of America had, set price on Osama’s head., 277. Show a clean pair of heels (to run away, Hkkx tkuk)&, The chain snatcher showed a, clean pair of heels and the people were unable to catch him., 278. Sink fast (to deteriorate in quality or condition, cn ls cnrj gksuk)&, The patient was sinking fast., 279. Slip of the pen (a small unintentional mistake in writing, fy[kus esa vutkus esa dh tkus okyh, xyrh)& The slip of the pen created a lot of confusion., 280. Snake in the grass (some hidden enemy, vKkr 'k=kq)&, Many leaders are snake in the, grass creating disharmony in the society., djuk)& always, 281. Sow wild oats (indulgence in youthful follies, ;qokoLFkk dh csodwfiQ;ka, Mothers, keeps an eye on their daughters to see that they do not sow wild oats., 282. Square meal (full meal, isV Hkj Hkkstu)&, A poor person does not get even one square, meal a day., 394, , English – from Plinth to Paramount

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Idioms And Phrases - 2, , 283. Stand in good stead (to be of great service, cgqr lgk;d gksuk)&, Your experience will, always stand in good stead when you join a full time job., 284. Storm in a tea cup (much hue and cry over a little matter, NksVh lh ckr ij cgqr 'kksjxqy djuk)&, Do not worry about these silly rows. They are just storm in a tea cup., 285. Strain every nerve (to make every possible effort, gj izdkj dk iz;Ru djuk)&, I strained, every nerve to get out of the problem., 286. Sword of Damocles (an imminent danger, flj ij yVdh ryokj)& Terrorism is a sword of, Damocles hanging over the whole world., 287. Take a leaf out of another man’s book (to imitate another person, udy djuk)& He has, no originality of thought; he only takes a leaf out of another man’s book to make, quick money., 288. Take an exception to (to be offended by something, fdlh ckr dk cqjk ekuuk)&, She took an, exception to his joke., 289. Take into one’s head (to suddenly decide to do some thing, often silly or surprising,, took into their heads to get married, dqN csodwiQh Hkjh gjdr djus dk vpkud fu.kZ;Itysuk)&, next sunday., 290. Take pains (to work hard, dfBu ifjJe djuk)& She took pains to bring up her children, after her husband's death., 291. Take the bull by the horns (to face danger with courage, [krjs dk fgEer ls lkeuk djuk)&, Bhagat Singh took the bull by the horns and bravely challenged the British empire., 292. Take to one’s heels (to run away, Hkkx tkuk)&, when the police came, the robber took, to his heels., 293. Tall talk (boasting, 'ks[kh ekjuk)&, One of my friends Rajesh is famous for his tall talks., 294. The Fourth Estate (the press, izsl)&Today the fourth estate can influence the court, proceedings of any case., 295. The knock down price (very low price, cgqr de dher)& I bought every thing at the, mega sale at knock down prices., 296. Sheet anchor (a person or thing to be relied upon in an emergency, vkikrdky esa dke vkus, His uncle proved to be his sheet anchor after his father’s death., okyk O;fDr vFkok oLrq)&, 297. Thick-skinned person (not easily offended, insensitive, yTtkghu ;k laosnughu O;fDr)&, He is, such a thick- skinned person that he laughed when people cursed and abused him., 298. Think lightly (not to be serious about a thing, etkd ds :i esa ysuk)&Don’t think of your, married life lightly., 299. Throw light on (to make something easier to understand, fdlh fo"k; ij izdk'k Mkyuk)&, I, wanted to throw light on the pitiful life of the bar dancers., 300. Throw mud at (try to make a low opinion of someone by saying unpleasant things about, him, cnuke djuk)&Companies should think carefully before slinging mud at someone, who may respond with a libel action costing it crores of rupees., 301. Tool in the hands of (under the authority of another, nwljs ds gkFk esa dBiqryh dh Hkkafr)&, The, whole legal system has become a tool in the hands of the politicians., 302. Turn one’s coat (to change one’s party, ny cny ysuk)&Some people are so ambitious, that they often turn their coat., English – from Plinth to Paramount, , 395

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Idioms And Phrases - 2, , 303. Turn the tables (to change the situation completely, fLFkfr dks fcydqy cny nsuk)&, The ruling, party had an easy victory in the last Lok sabha election but inflation and corruption, have totally turned the table., 304. Under a cloud (under suspicious conditions, lansgiw.kZ fLFkfr, Ever, since the rumours of, esa)&, corruption started, the former chief minister has been under a cloud ., 305. Under the rose (secretly, xqIr :i ls)& He is selling confidential documents under the rose., 306. Under the thumb of (completely under one’s power or influence, fdlh ds opZLo esa nck gksuk)&, He is under the thumb of his mother and does not listen to the problems of his wife., 307. Upto the mark (up to standard, mfpr Lrj rd)& I have to watch my staff all the time to, keep them up to the mark., 308. Vexed question (much debated and discussed, ftl iz'u ij dkiQh cgl gks pqdh gks)&, 'Mercy, killing should be granted or not' has become a vexed question., 309. Wash dirty linen in public (to expose private affairs in public, O;fDrxr ckrksa dks ckgj, mNkyuk)&, There is nothing as bad as washing one’s dirty linen in public., 310. Wash one’s hand of (to be free from, fdlh ckr ls eqDr gks tkuk)&, Police have washed their, hands of the kidnapping case., 311. Wear a long face (to look gloomy, mnkl fn[kkbZ nsuk)&, Inspite of losing his job, he did not, wear a long face., 312. Wild goose chase (useless efforts, O;FkZ dk iz;Ru)&, Pakistan’s efforts to grab Kashmir, have proved to be a wild goose chase., 313. Win laurels (to win honours, ; ’k izkIr djuk)&, Sachin won laurels for India., 314. Without rhyme or reason (without any justification, vdkj.k)&Don’t shout at anyone, without rhyme or reason., , 396, , English – from Plinth to Paramount

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Idioms And Phrases, , 24, , IDIOMS AND PHRASES, , CHAPTER, , (PRACTICE SET), Directions : In questions 1 to 300, four alternatives are given for the idiom/ phrase, underlined in the sentence. Choose the alternative which best expresses the meaning, of the idiom/phrase and mark it in the Answer Sheet., 7., She could never measure up to her, 1., To strain every nerve, parent’s expectation., (A) to make utmost efforts, (A) Reach the level, (B) to feel weak and tired, (B) Work as hard, (C) to be a diligent worker, (C) Assess the amount, (D) to be methodical in work, (D) Increase her height, 2., To flog a dead horse, (A) to whip a dead horse, (B) attempt to do the impossible, (C) waste one’s efforts, (D) to take advantage of a weakness, 3., , To show a clean pair of heels, (A) to hide, (B) to escape, (C) to pursue, (D) to follow, , 8., , The little girl with her flawless, performance stole the show., (A) Stole something from the show, (B) Crept into the show, (C) Won everybody’s praise, (D) Disappeared from the show, , 9., , The thief was on good terms with the, police., (A) Kept terms and conditions, (B) Was friendly, (C) Followed the rules, (D) Agreed with them, , 4., , To die in harness, (A) premeditated murder, (B) dying young in an accident, (C) to die while in service, (D) to be taken by surprise, , 5., , To feather one’s nest, (A) to make a residential house, (B) something that lasts for a short, time, (C) to profit in a dishonest way, (D) none of the above, , 10., , John’s offer of help was turned down, by the police., (A) Sent back, (B) Twisted around, (C) Refused, (D) Handed over, , 6., , To doctor the accounts, (A) to make changes in account books, (B) to clear the doctors’ bill, (C) to verify the accounts in detail, (D) to manipulate the accounts, , 11., , To be all at sea, (A) a family voyage, (B) lost and confused, (C) in the middle of the ocean, (D) a string of islands, , English – from Plinth to Paramount, , 397

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Idioms And Phrases, , 12., , To take to one’s heels, (A) to walk slowly, (B) to run away, (C) to march forward, (D) to hop and jump, , 13., , To bite the dust, (A) eat voraciously, (B) have nothing to eat, (C) eat roots, (D) to fail, , 14., , A bolt from the blue, (A) a delayed event, (B) an inexplicable event, (C) an unexpected event, (D) an unpleasant event, , 15., , 16., , 17., , 18., , 19., , 398, , Cold comfort, (A) absurdity, (B) deception, (C) slight satisfaction, (D)foolish proposal, The reputed company is in the red, due to the recession., (A) making money, (B) losing money, (C) in danger, (D) spending money, When the Principal was entering the, class, all my friends quietly, disappeared, leaving me alone to, face the music., (A) to listen to him, (B) to enter into the class, (C) to bear the criticism, (D) to listen to a favourable comment, The Kenyan team proved to be the, dark horse in the ICC World Cup, Cricket., (A) a strong intruder, (B) a skilled team, (C) the most powerful, (D) an unexpected winner, Having no arguments to defend his, point, the speaker began to beat, about the bush., , (A) wander across the words, (B) speak in a haphazard manner, (C) speak in a round-about manner, (D) make use of irrelevant reference, 20., , They were offered six months’ rent, in lieu of notice to vacate the, building., (A) in spite of, (B) in place of, (C) despite of, (D) in addition to, , 21., , We know that he is the one, responsible for the discord but as he, is well - connected all we can do is, send him to Coventry., (A) transfer him, (B) commend him, (C) boycott him, (D) dismiss him, , 22., , The noble man gave up the ghost., (A) left the ghost, (B) lived like a ghost, (C) invited ghost, (D) died, , 23., , A Prime Minister cannot ride, roughshod over his ministerial, colleagues for long., (A) deal unkindly with, (B) take for granted, (C) be high-handed with, (D) exploit wilfully, , 24., , He was down in the mouth as he was, defeated in the elections., (A) unable to speak, (B) very depressed, (C) very angry, (D) very confused, , 25., , They say, join the Army to drink life, to the lees., (A) to have the best of fun and fortune, (B) to enjoy a life of drinking and, dancing, (C) to have a life full of adventures, (D) to have the best of life, English – from Plinth to Paramount

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Idioms And Phrases, , 26., , The car in the backyard is proving, to be a white elephant., (A) very huge item, (B) costly and useless possession, (C) very expensive investment, (D) useful material, , 27., , He takes leave once in a blue moon., (A) regularly, (B) often, (C) rarely, (D) once a fortnight, , 28., , The meeting has been put off, indefinitely., (A) cancelled, (B) postponed, (C) advanced, (D) announced, , 29., , The rules of the deal are set forth in, the brochure., (A) stated, (B) accepted, (C) contradicted, (D) printed, , 30., , She bought her new house for a song., (A) very cheaply, (B) on loan, (C) at a loss, (D) very easily, , 31., , Raju had given up doing exercise after, surgery., (A) learned, (B) started, (C) continued, (D) stopped, , 32., , The chairman tried to get his point, across, but the members just, wouldn’t listen., (A) give them a lesson, (B) insist on, (C) make them understand, (D) motivate them, , 33., , Ashok had all fair-weather friends., (A) friends who face difficulties calmly., (B) favourable friends, (C) friends who desert you in difficulties, (D) reliable friends, , English – from Plinth to Paramount, , 34., , 35., , 36., , 37., , 38., , 39., , 40., , 41., , Since the company has lost a good, deal of time and money, you will, have to make good the loss., (A) make a good effort, (B) try to minimize the loss, (C) compensate for the loss, (D) ensure that there are no forth, losses, a damp squib, (A) rainy weather, (B) a disappointing result, (C) a skirt in a laundry, (D) none of the above, in cold blood, (A) angrily, (B) deliberately, (C) excitedly, (D) slowly, to take someone for a ride, (A) to give a ride to someone, (B) to deceive someone, (C) to be indifferent, (D) to disclose a secret, to move heaven and earth, (A) to cause an earthquake, (B) to try everything possible, (C) to pray to all Gods, (D) to travel in a rocket, to smell a rat, (A) to smell foul, (B) to see a rat, (C) to chase a rat, (D) to be suspicious, The possession of Jerusalem is a, bone of contention between Israel, and Palestine., (A) a subject of peace, (B) a subject of trade, (C) a subject of dispute, (D) a subject of exports, My friend turned a deaf ear to my, tale of loss and refused to help me., (A) paid no heed, (B) went far away, (C) listened carefully, (D) turned his ear away, 399

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Idioms And Phrases, , 42., , Helena was over head and ears in, love with Demetrius., (A) carefully, (B) completely, (C) brilliantly, (D) cautiously, , 43., , Gopi works by fits and starts., (A) consistently, (B) irregularly, (C) in high spirits, (D) enthusiastically, , 44., , 45., , 46., , 47., , 48., , 49., , 400, , Naresh Goyal had to stand on his, feet very early in his life., (A) to be physically strong, (B) to be independent, (C) to stand erect, (D) to be successful, It is high time he came out of his, shell., (A) appeared suddenly, (B) became more sociable, (C) became a loser, (D) removed his clothes, Every political party is at present, playing to the gallery., (A) adopting cheap tactics, (B) befooling the common man, (C) fighting for votes, (D) appeasing the masses, His blood ran cold when he heard his, uncle was murdered., (A) He was frightened, (B) He was horrified, (C) He was disgusted, (D) He was depressed, This is so simple that even a man in, the street can understand it., (A) an ordinary person, (B) an illiterate person, (C) an unknown person, (D) a stranger, When he went to claim insurance for, his car, the agent said he hadn’t a leg, to stand on., (A) had been injured in an accident, (B) was lame, (C) did not have much hope of getting it, (D) would have to wait for some time, , 50., , to cast aspersions, (A) to act as the pillar of support, (B) to raise aspirations, (C) to make unpleasant remarks, (D) to dissolve all the differences, , 51., , on the cards, (A) impossible, (B) shocking, (C) evident, (D) anticipated, , 52., , To turn over a new leaf, (A) to change for the better, (B) to start writing a new book, (C) to work on a novel idea, (D) to clear the garden, , 53., , To keep up one’s appearances, (A) to make public appearances now and, then., (B) to maintain one’s looks and, appearance., (C) to keep up an outward show of, prosperity., (D) to make it appear that one is not, concerned., , 54., , Off and on, (A) repeatedly, (B) always, (C) occasionally, (D) never, , 55., , To take with a grain of salt, (A) to make more palatable, (B) to take a small quantity of, (C) to make something meaningful, (D) to accept with misgiving, , 56., , To talk through one’s hat, (A) to talk carefully, (B) to talk softly, (C) to talk nonsense, (D) to talk secretively, , 57., , Ins and outs, (A) entrances and exits, (B) details and complexities, (C) passages and pathways, (D) rules and regulations, English – from Plinth to Paramount

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Idioms And Phrases, , 58., , The thief passed himself off as a, ticket examiner., (A) described himself, (B) deceived everyone, (C) disguised himself, (D) was regarded, , 65., , He looked blank when he was, informed about his dismissal., (A) was without any emotion, (B) was puzzled and surprised, (C) was uninterested, (D) was unhappy, , 59., , A brave soldier will never show the, white feather in the face of his, enemy., (A) show signs of cowardice, (B) act arrogantly, (C) show intimacy, (D) act impudently, , 66., , That fellow trumped up a story, (A) translated, (B) sang with the music of a trumpet, (C) concocted, (D) copied, , 67., , Though he is not a scholar, he wins, arguments because he has the gift of, the gab., (A) gifts from many people, (B) a lot of money, (C) talent for speaking, (D) a good memory, , 68., , The A.T.S. set the bait to arrest the, terrorists., (A) laid the trap, (B) announced the reward, (C) set the record, (D) put the bet, , 69., , I have decided to give it a shot., (A) click a picture, (B) try something, (C) pose for a picture, (D) injure someone, , 70., , He turned a blind eye to his son’s, pranks., (A) pretended not to notice, (B) paid special attention to, (C) covered up for, (D) punished severely, , 71., , All his schemes to murder the king, ended in smoke., (A) fructified gradually, (B) came to nothing, (C) were discarded, (D) were partially carried out, , 60., , The poor man moved from pillar to, post to get money., (A) went to pillars, (B) went to post, (C) went to money lender, (D) tried his best, , 61., , You have to be tactful in handling, the sensitive matters rather than, putting the cart before the horse., (A) treating these indifferently, (B) behaving thoughtlessly, (C) dealing with these in haste, (D) tackling things in the wrong way, , 62., , The boys cried with one voice that, the examination should be, postponed., (A) unanimously, (B) vehemently, (C) loudly, (D) strongly, , 63., , The scheme appears worthless at the, first blush., (A) first attempt, (B) first sight, (C) first step, (D) first phase, , 64., , His pronunciation was so bad and his, voice so low that the speech he made, was all Greek to me., (A) strange, (B) incomprehensible, (C) inaudible, (D) uninteresting, , English – from Plinth to Paramount, , 401

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Idioms And Phrases, , 79., , Even though the new clerk was, given a difficult task, he remained, cool as a cucumber., (A) not nervous or emotional, (B) caught cold, (C) was happy, (D) was scared, , 80., , Some people do not grease anybody’s, palm on any account., (A) bribe, (B) flatter, (C) cheat, (D) fight, , 81., , I had to pull strings to put up a good, show., (A) play music, (B) use personal influence, (C) use the instrument, (D) play a song, , 82., , You can easily overcome this, situation if you keep your head., (A) keep faith in, (B) remain calm, (C) believe in, (D) trust the others, , 83., , The car broke down just as it reached, the edge of a cliff. It was indeed a, close shave., (A) to share one’s brand, (B) very risky, (C) narrow escape from danger, (D) to be happy, , It is clear that the ideas of both, reformers ran in the same groove., (A) promoted each other, (B) clashed with each other, (C) moved in harmony, (D) moved in different directions, , 84., , The parents are in high spirits as, their son has got a decent job., (A) in good position, (B) drunk, (C) cheerful, (D) shocked, , This place affords a bird’s eye view, of the green valley below., (A) a beautiful view, (B) a narrow view, (C) an overview, (D) an ugly view, , 85., , To foam at one’s mouth, (A) to brush properly, (B) to get very angry, (C) to salivate on seeing food, (D) none of the above, , 86., , To feel like a fish out of water, (A) disgusted, (B) uncomfortable, (C) disappointed, (D) homeless, , 72., , This fashion of long flowing skirts, will run its course., (A) continue for a long time, (B) become very popular, (C) develop and then come to its usual, end, (D) end very soon, , 73., , The police caught the thief redhanded., (A) in a red uniform, (B) with blood in hands, (C) at the time of committing the crime, (D) after reading the rules, , 74., , 75., , 76., , 77., , 78., , 402, , I was so disappointed when my close, friend left me in the lurch., (A) went away without waiting for me, (B) helped me in difficult times, (C) abandoned me when I needed help, (D) stopped helping me in emergency, His position in the company was on, the brink of disaster., (A) at the top of, (B) at the point of, (C) on the side of, (D) on the back of, , When she realised that she had, bought a fake product, she knew that, her money had gone down the drain., (A) was lost forever, (B) dropped in the drain, (C) got washed away, (D) her money was safe, , English – from Plinth to Paramount

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Idioms And Phrases, , 87., , At the eleventh hour, (A) too late, (B) too early, (C) immediately, (D) at the last moment, , 96., , to explore every avenue, (A) to search all streets, (B) to scout the wilderness, (C) to find adventure, (D) to try every opportunity, , 88., , to burn one’s fingers, (A) to get hurt physically, (B) to suffer financial losses, (C) to find work, (D) to suffer nervous breakdown, , 97., , 89., , to add fuel to fire, (A) to investigate, (C) to initiate, , a red letter day, (A) a dangerous day in one’s life, (B) a sorrowful day in one’s life, (C) an important or joyful occasion in one’s, life, (D) both a dangerous and sorrowful day, in one’s life, , 98., , to have something up one’s sleeve, (A) to hide something in the sleeve, (B) to play a magician trick, (C) to have a secret plan, (D) to play hide and seek, on the spur of the moment, (A) to act at once, (B) to ride a horse in a race, (C) to act deliberately, (D) to act at the appointed time, , (B) to insulate, (D) to incite, , 90., , To bring to light, (A) to reveal, (B) to conceal, (C) to provide luminescence, (D) to appeal, , 91., , To hit the jackpot, (A) to gamble, (B) to get an unexpected victory, (C) to be wealthy, (D) to make money quickly, , 99., , 92., , To burn the candle at both ends, (A) to spend cautiously, (B) to be stingy, (C) to be extravagant, (D) to survive difficulty, , 93., , Status quo, (A) unchanged position, (B) excellent place, (C) unbreakable statue, (D) long queue, , 100. When my friend was in Kolkata, he, ra n in to an o l d f r i en d a t th e, theatre., (A) hit, (B) met accidentally, (C) planned to meet, (D) invited, , 94., , 95., , By fair means or foul, (A) without using common sense, (B) without difficulty, (C) in any way, honest or dishonest, (D) having been instigated, at one’s beck and call, (A) to attend a call, (B) to be helped by someone, (C) to be useful to someone, (D) to be dominated by someone, , English – from Plinth to Paramount, , 101. The news of the President’s death, spread like wild fire., (A) spread rapidly, (B) caused a major confusion, (C) was a wild rumour, (D) set the nation on fire, 102. Going abroad for a holiday was out, of the question., (A) undesirable, (B) impossible, (C) unpleasant, (D) irresistible, 403

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Idioms And Phrases, , 103. As a businessman, my father always, maintained that his transactions, constituted an open book., (A) an account book always open, (B) a book of open confessions, (C) an opening for new ventures, (D) straight forward and honest, dealings, 104. The project advanced by leaps and, bounds., (A) rapidly, (B) slowly, (C) sharply, (D) simply, 105. She is too fond of her own voice., (A) loves singing, (B) very selfish, (C) does not listen properly to anyone, else, (D) very talkative, 106. Indian police is, on the whole, high, handed in dealing with citizens., (A) kind, (B) overbearing, (C) prompt, (D) adept, 107. I take exception to your statement, that I am bad tempered., (A) do not agree, (B) feel unhappy, (C) object, (D) feel angry, 108. His speech fell short on the audience., (A) had no effect, (B) moved the audience, (C) impressed the audience, (D) was quite short, 109. The officer called for an explanation, from the cashier for the shortage of, cash., (A) asked, (B) begged, (C) served a notice, (D) demanded, 110. We wanted the gift to be a surprise, for my mother, but my sister gave the, game away., (A) lost the game, (B) gave out the secret, 404, , 111., , 112., , 113., , 114., , 115, , 116., , 117., , 118., , (C) gave away the gift, (D) withdrew from the plan, The actress took cue from her, brother and became successful., (A) some help, (B) a hint, (C) some money, (D) learnt acting, Let us have a heart to heart talk to, solve this problem., (A) good talk, (B) emotional talk, (C) frank talk, (D) loving talk, To miss the bus, (A) to miss the bus that one regularly, takes, (B) to miss an opportunity, (C) to have something to fall back upon, (D) to find fault with others, Birds of the same feather, (A) persons of same caste, (B) persons of same colour, (C) birds with same type of feather, (D) persons of same character, To fight tooth and nail, (A) to fight a losing battle, (B) to fight heroically, (C) to fight cowardly, (D) to make every possible effort, To call a spade a spade, (A) to be frank, (B) to be sly, (C) to be rude, (D) to be diplomatic, by putting two and two together, (A) to mix several things, (B) to make an arit hmetical, calculation, (C) to keep people in pairs, (D) to deduce from given facts, to look down one’s nose, (A) to show anger, (B) to retaliate, (C) to insult in the presence of others, (D) to regard with contempt, English – from Plinth to Paramount

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Idioms And Phrases, , 119. to shed crocodile tears, (A) to weep profusely, (B) to pretend grief, (C) to grieve seriously, (D) to mock something, , 128. on this side of the grave, (A) outside the grave, (B) by the side of the grave, (C) in this world, (D) before going to grave, , 120. To call it a day, (A) to conclude proceedings, (B) to initiate proceedings, (C) to work through the day, (D) None of the above, , 129. A man who, while pretending to be, your friend, sets a spy to watch your, activities is indeed a snake in the, grass., (A) secret enemy, (B) mean fellow, (C) dangerous man, (D) cunning fellow, , 121. To put up with, (A) to accommodate, (C) to understand, , (B) to adjust, (D) to tolerate, , 122. To take to heart, (A) to be encouraged, (B) to grieve over, (C) to like, (D) to hate, 123. Yeoman’s service, (A) medical help, (B) excellent work, (C) social work, (D) hard work, 124. to go scot-free, (A) to walk like a native of Scotland, (B) to get something free, (C) to escape without punishment, (D) to save tax, 125. to see red, (A) get broke, (B) get angry, (C) feel lucky, (D) become rich, 126. in the nick of time, (A) in an unexpected time, (B) after some time, (C) at a time when it was too late, (D) precisely in the right time, 127. the stage has been set, (A) the conditions are beyond control, (B) the platform for meeting is ready, (C) the situation is getting worse, (D) the situation is conducive, English – from Plinth to Paramount, , 130. The audience was greatly impressed, though I spoke off the cuff., (A) away from the mike, (B) without preparation, (C) off the subject, (D) about the cuff, 131. After listening to the student’s, statements, the teacher had to eat, her words., (A) withdraw her words, (B) stop speaking, (C) apologize, (D) quarrel, 132. to lose ground, (A) to become less powerful, (B) to become less popular, (C) to lose foundation, (D) to be without a leader, 133. to make both ends meet, (A) to buy costly articles, (B) live a luxurious life, (C) to live within one’s income, (D) to please all people, 134. to fall back on, (A) to oppose something important, (B) to suffer an injury on the back in an, accident, (C) to fail to do something important, in time, (D) to seek support out of necessity, 405

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Idioms And Phrases, , 135. to make one’s blood boil, (A) to make somebody furious, (B) to develop fever, (C) to get excited, (D) to make someone nervous, 136. She decided that she would get this, job by hook or by crook., (A) by compromising or other, responsi-bilities, (B) by impressing the interviewers, (C) by any means, right or wrong, (D) by becoming a specialist in the, field, 137. In a debate, no one is allowed to sit, on the fence., (A) to avoid taking sides, (B) to insult a speaker, (C) to relax while others speak, (D) to agree with everyone, 138. The matter has been sorted out., (A) revised, (B) supported, (C) resolved, (D) changed, , 143. When things go wrong, everyone, starts passing the buck., (A) analyses the problem, (B) prepares to resign, (C) pays a bribe, (D) blames someone else, 144. To keep the wolf away from the door., (A) to avoid a bad person, (B) to clean the house, (C) to avoid extreme poverty, (D) to visit the zoo, 145. To break the ice, (A) to clear the snow, (B) to start quarreling, (C) to commence an interaction, (D) to revive old enmity, 146. Spick and span, (A) neat and clean, (B) hard-working, (C) kitchen implements, (D) calm and quiet, , 139. The soldiers carried out the orders, of the General very effectively., (A) exited, (B) executed, (C) supported, (D) applied, , 147. The pros and cons, (A) good and evil, (B) first and last, (C) fair and foul, (D) for and against, , 140. They set off by car for Mumbai late in, the evening., (A) started, (B) travelled, (C) entered, (D) resonated, , 148. Build castles in the air, (A) waste time, (B) daydream, (C) build houses, (D) work hard, , 141. Once his crime was discovered, he, had no option but to come clean., (A) to deny the crime, (B) to confess to the crime, (C) to accuse someone else of the, crime, (D) to apologize for the cirme, 142. The employees were kept in the dark, about the latest developments., (A) were informed after office hours, (B) were informed when it was too late, (C) were given secret information, (D) were not informed at all, 406, , 149. Sought after, (A) highly paid, (B) pursued by, (C) in great demand, (D) with great talent, 150. All at sea, (A) very proud, (C) puzzled, , (B) overjoyed, (D) excited, , 151. To hit below the belt, (A) to punish, (B) to tie with a belt, (C) to hit with a belt, (D) to attack unfairly, English – from Plinth to Paramount

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Idioms And Phrases, , 152. Pot-luck dinner, (A) dinner where everybody brings, something to eat, (B) dinner where everybody brings his, food, (C) dinner where only soup is served, (D) dinner where people eat and play, games at the same time, 153. His friends beat the boy to pay off old, scores., (A) to refund old dues., (B) to take revenge., (C) to force him to be a scorer in a, match., (D) because he had not scored well, earlier., 154. Chintan is so innocent that he wears, his heart on his sleeve., (A) Wears dress that does not match., (B) Expresses his feelings openly., (C) Wears colourful dresses., (D) Expresses his feelings with the, shape of a heart printed on its sleeve., 155. Tagore was a man of letters., (A) of wide contacts., (B) an excellent letter dictator., (C) a great writer of letters., (D) proficient in literaterary art., 156. The poor subordinates are made, scapegoats by their superiors., (A) punished for others’ misdeeds., (B) developed poor relations., (C) treated humbly and respectfully., (D) scolded with arrogant reactions., 157. She was on the horns of a dilemma, as she had either to leave her job or, divorce her husband., (A) in nervous condition, (B) in terrible mood, (C) in difficult situation, (D) in suspense, 158. Brown study, (A) to study sincerely, (B) to study uselessly, English – from Plinth to Paramount, , (C) deep in thought, (D) practical advantage, 159. The young boy was kicking his heels, inspite of his mother’s stern, warnings., (A) playing happily, (B) kicking someone, (C) forced to wait, (D) passing a gesture of disrespect, 160. She denied point-blank, involvement in the crime., (A) directly, (B) desperately, (C) stubbornly, (D) rudely, , her, , 161. It is hard to strike a bargain with a, woman., (A) to finalize a deal, (B) to negotiate a deal, (C) to negotiate, (D) to deal, 162. He took his father’s advice to heart., (A) casually, (B) patiently, (C) seriously, (D) quietly, 163. Can you give me a hand with this, luggage?, (A) keep a watch on, (B) handle, (C) provide me with, (D) help me with, 164. Fling away, (A) to have an affair, (C) to throw violently, , (B) to flare up, (D) to swing, , 165. Stick by, (A) to adhere closely, (B) stand by someone, (C) to paste, (D) to pass by, 166. Wink at, (A) to tease somebody, (B) to like someone, (C) to pretend not to see, (D) to stare at, 407

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Idioms And Phrases, , 167. To be on the wane, (A) to complain, (B) to be sick, (C) to be on boat, (D) to be diminishing, 168. To give a person the cold shoulder, (A) to offer someone ice-cream, (B) to be humble, (C) to threaten, (D) to treat coldly, 169. To get one’s back up, (A) to become irritated or angry, (B) to sit straight, (C) to act proud, (D) to give support, 170. To strike oil, (A) to have found an oil well, (B) to have lucky success, (C) to have a close escape, (D) to be unsuccessful, 171. To talk shop, (A) to talk a lot, (B) to use phrases peculiar to one’s, employment, (C) to like to shop, (D) to lie, 172. To draw a line, (A) to fix a limit, (B) to caution someone, (C) to be stern, (D) to insult someone, 173. A swan song, (A) melodious song, (B) disharmonious display, (C) utterance/statement made just, before death or retirement, (D) concocted tale, 174. Knit one’s brows, (A) to disappoint somebody, (B) to frown, (C) to have a headache, (D) to express discontentment, 408, , 175. To plough the sands, (A) to be extremely accomplished, (B) to be resourceful, (C) to be dejected, (D) to busy oneself in an unprofitable, proposition, 176. To rip up old sores, (A) to destroy something, (B) to act cruelly, (C) to reopen a quarrel, (D) to inflict pain on someone, 177. To rate soundly, (A) to censure strongly, (B) to acquire heavy profits, (C) to be at peace, (D) to assure somebody, 178. To be no spring chicken, (A) to be brave, (B) to be honest, (C) to be no longer young, (D) to be childish, 179. To take to one’s bed, (A) to be very attached to one’s, belongings, (B) to lie in bed due to illness, (C) to fight with one’s husband, (D) to agree with someone, 180. To stand on ceremony, (A) to celebrate an occasion in a grand, way, (B) to be extravagant, (C) to get married, (D) to insist on excessive formality, 181. To be at sixes and sevens, (A) a state of total confusion and, disorder, (B) to be a great success, (C) to be certain, (D) to give away generously, 182. To break the ice, (A) a strong man, (B) to start a quarrel, (C) to break the awkward silence, (D) to become violent, English – from Plinth to Paramount

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Idioms And Phrases, , 183. Put one’s foot down, (A) to demand, (B) to take rest, (C) to be firm about something, (D) to do something stupid, 184. Backstairs influence, (A) one who is easily influenced, (B) influential person, (C) influence exerted secretly, (D) wife’s influence on her husband, 185. Long in the tooth, (A) distant journey, (B) rather old, (C) ailment, (D) young, 186. A brazen-faced fellow, (A) cruel person, (B) ugly person, (C) dark-complexioned person, (D) impudent fellow, 187. To see pink elephants, (A) to dream, (B) to anticipate luck, (C) to be afraid of, (D) to have hallucination due to, excessive alcoholic intake., 188. Elbow room, (A) opportunity for freedom of action, (B) special room for the guest, (C) to give enough space to move or, work in, (D) to add a new room to the house, 189. French leave, (A) a person who does not take leave, (B) leave without permission, (C) to take long leave, (D) to take a day off and have fun, 190. To commit to memory, (A) to learn by heart, (B) to tax one’s memory, (C) to be forgetful, (D) to commit oneself totally to a task, 191. To burn a hole in the pocket, (A) to steal from someone’s pocket, (B) to destroy other’s belongings, (C) to be very miserly, (D) money that is spent quickly, English – from Plinth to Paramount, , 192. To bury the hatchet, (A) to have found a treasure, (B) to make peace, (C) to purchase something without, discretion, (D) to act in a suspicious manner, 193. To beggar description, (A) something of least importance, (B) something beyond description, (C) to describe a beggar, (D) an accurate description, 194. To beat the air, (A) efforts that are vain or useless, (B) to be satisfied with one’s, performance, (C) to be extremely relieved, (D) to be very happy, 195. To provide against a rainy day, (A) to provide plentiful, (B) to provide for a possible future, in, time of difficulty or need, (C) to store for the family, (D) to store for the rainy season, 196. To be all eyes, (A) to be cautious, (B) watching closely and attentively, (C) to be amazed, (D) to be non-plussed, 197. Swollen headed, (A) to be suffering from illness, (B) to be conceited, (C) to be narrow-minded, (D) to be dumb, 198. To stir up a hornet’s nest, (A) to excite the hostility of people, (B) to do some social service, (C) to be totally at a loss in a situation, (D) to be bankrupt, 199. My hands are full, (A) I am having a lot of things to carry, (B) I am having lots of money, (C) I am very busy, (D) I am anxious, 409

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Idioms And Phrases, , 200. No love lost between them, (A) to have a fight, (B) to dislike each other, (C) to be as friendly as ever, (D) to be upset, 201. To be hand and glove with someone, (A) to be social, (B) to be playful, (C) to be annoyed, (D) to be intimate, 202. To play fast and loose, (A) to deceive someone, (B) to be agile, (C) say one thing and do another, (D) to be efficient, 203. To take stock of, (A) to imagine, (C) to survey, , (B) to supply, (D) to attract, , 204. A man of straw, (A) a man of no substance, (B) a man without means, (C) a man of character, (D) a generous man, 205. Wolf in sheep’s clothing, (A) to act on the sly, (B) to be a good actor, (C) to be a hypocrite, (D) to be money-minded or materialistic, 206. To cut someone short, (A) to oblige someone, (B) to assist someone, (C) to interrupt someone, (D) to insult someone, 207. To stick to one’s colours, (A) to refuse to yield, (B) to be patriotic, (C) to be notorious, (D) to be straightforward, 208. An old head on young shoulders, (A) to be old before one’s age, (B) to be wise beyond one’s age, (C) to be youthful in spite of one’s old, age, (D) to maintain good health, 410, , 209. To snap one’s fingers at, (A) to honour someone, (B) to greet someone, (C) to beckon someone, (D) to treat with contempt, 210. Falling foul of, (A) quarrelling with, (B) becoming friends with, (C) being dishonest with, (D) being scared of, 211. Harp on the same string, (A) to play music, (B) to dwell tediously on the same, subject, (C) to beat someone, (D) to acknowledge, 212. Keep a good table, (A) to have an artistic taste, (B) to throw a party, (C) to be a good host, (D) to be extravagant, 213. Take up the cudgels, (A) to take notice, (B) to accept a present, (C) to defend someone vigorously, (D) to accept a challenge, 214. Splitting hairs, (A) to be worried, (B) to be venturesome, (C) to trouble someone, (D) to dispute over petty points, 215. A great hand at, (A) to be a good artist, (B) to be an expert, (C) to be a good player, (D) to be generous, 216. To make a pile, (A) to make a fortune, (B) to make a mess, (C) to be absent-minded, (D) to be corrupt, 217. Under someone’s wing, (A) to work under someone, (B) to be under someone’s protection, (C) to be alert, (D) to be in the army, English – from Plinth to Paramount

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Idioms And Phrases, , 218. To sow one’s wild oats, (A) to swear, (B) to be at ease, (C) to engage in youthful excesses, (D) to till the land, 219. An olive branch, (A) an offer of peace, (B) an idea, (C) a lady, (D) a wicked person, 220. Not worth a rap, (A) worth nothing, (B) very expensive, (C) worth a lot, (D) modestly priced, 221. In merry pin, (A) perplexed, (B) merry making, (C) embarrassed, (D) in a cheerful mood, 222. To leap the pale, (A) to throw a bucket, (B) to get into debt, to spend more than, one’s income, (C) to have much of fear, (D) to become pale, 223. To cut the gordian knot, (A) to perform the opening ceremony, (B) to be present at the opening, ceremony, (C) to solve a difficult problem, (D) to get a sharp cut, 224. To sow the wind and reap the, whirlwind, (A) to enjoy the fruits of hard work, (B) to be deprived of one’ s reward, (C) to act wisely, (D) to suffer for one’s foolish conduct, 225. To play possum, (A) to play hide and seek, (B) to feign ignorance or pretend the, be sleeping or dead, (C) to cheat somebody, (D) to play seriously, English – from Plinth to Paramount, , 226. A grass widow, (A) a young widow, (B) widow who has illicit relations with, men, (C) a woman whose husband is, temporarily away from her, (D) a working old woman, 227. Mad as a March hare, (A) sane, (B) intoxicated, (C) as mad as a hare in spring, (D) slightly touched in the brain, 228. Halcyon days, (A) long days, (B) short days, (C) happy and peaceful days, (D) disturbed days, 229. Mother wit, (A) to have an intelligent mother, (B) university, (C) silly, (D) common sense, 230. A blind date, (A) a cloudy day, (B) unknown future, (C) meeting with someone you do not, know, (D) death-day, 231. Much ado about nothing, (A) to take something seriously, (B) to play false, (C) to make a fuss, (D) to add, 232. Judas’ kiss, (A) wooing, (B) a narrow escape, (C) hypocritical affection, (D) a religious person, 233. To have no truck with, (A) have no means of conveyance, (B) scientifically backward, (C) to have no trade with, (D) to have no dealings with, 411

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Idioms And Phrases, , 234. To clean the Augean stables, (A) to purge/ clean the administration, of its abuses, (B) to buy horses, (C) to sell horses, (D) to improve working conditions, 235. A fly in the ointment, (A) to clean a thing, (B) to sterilise, (C) Small annoyance that spoils a, pleasant experience., (D) an unsuccessful attempt, 236. Of the deepest dye, (A) of the worst/ extreme type, (B) of the best type, (C) of the most colourless type, (D) of the colourless type, 237. To throw up the sponge, (A) to accept the challenge, (B) to forget the past offences, (C) to admit defeat, (D) to send message, 238. To rule the roost, (A) to measure the height of something, (B) to measure the depth, (C) to strike with a stick, (D) to dominate, 239. Bats in the belfry, (A) to be mad, (B) something needed cleanliness, (C) an impending danger, (D) to be deceived, , 242. To egg on, (A) to egg on slowly, (B) to destroy slowly, (C) to give a walk over, (D) to instigate/ cause to proceed, further, 243. To haul over the coals, (A) to walk over the fire, (B) to burn, (C) to scold for something done wrong, (D) to throw into fire, 244. To draw a bead on, (A) to say prayers, (B) to count the beads, (C) to do one’s best, (D) to take careful aim at, 245. Fabian policy, (A) dictatorial policy, (B) democratic policy, (C) systematic policy, (D) policy of cautious persistence, 246. To play to the gallery, (A) to try to get the appreciation from, the least intelligent people, (B) to try to win appreciation of, intelligent people, (C) to play in the gallery, (D) to disturb people sitting in the, gallery, 247. Pyrrhic victory, (A) Permanent victory, (B) Defeat, (C) Easy victory, (D) Victory at high cost, , 240. To have a jaundice eye, (A) to have jaundice, (B) to have fever, (C) to be prejudiced, (D) to lose colour, , 248. Go the whole hog, (A) to do something thoroughly, (B) sleep, (C) to neglect duty, (D) to mishandle the case, , 241. Rank and file, (A) Common people, (B) Officers, (C) People of high rank, (D) Army personnel, , 249. To bite one’s lips, (A) to feel sorry, (B) to repress one's anger or other, emotions, (C) laugh at others, (D) to have doubt, , 412, , English – from Plinth to Paramount

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Idioms And Phrases, , 250. To hold someone in leash, (A) to restrain, (B) to be firm, (C) to be unsure, (D) to touch the exact point, , 258. With a string, (A) not to give any aid, (B) to give unconditional aid, (C) gift or aid with condition, (D) to accept aid, , 251. To cool one’s heels, (A) to give a cold treatment to somebody, (B) to be kept waiting for sometime, (C) a closed chapter, (D) a hot issue, , 259. To set stores by, (A) to value highly, (B) to hoard a large quantity of, something, (C) to set up store, (D) fix a price, , 252. Bag of bones, (A) a bag full of bones, (B) a dead person, (C) a person about to die, (D) an extremely weak person, , 260. To draw the long bow, (A) to shoot, (B) to exaggerate, (C) to criticize, (D) to admire, , 253. All moonshine, (A) show, (B) lighted only by moon, (C) false, (D) far from reality, , 261. To know the ropes, (A) to recognize the lost things, (B) to do rigging, (C) to know the procedure of doing a, job, (D) to flog, , 254. To shake the dust off one’s feet, (A) to wash feet, (B) to walk fast, (C) to leave a place with a sense of, resentment, (D) to rest after a long journey, 255. Off hand, (A) Without preparation, (B) Out of hand, (C) Rehearsed, (D) In hand, 256. A bird of passage, (A) a flying bird, (B) an unreliable person, (C) one who stays for a short time, (D) bad time, 257. Count on, (A) Depend on, (B) as a result of, (C) ceremonially, (D) to wait for the benefactor, English – from Plinth to Paramount, , 262. To give the devil his due, (A) to be just to a person even though, he does not deserve such treatment, (B) to surrender oneself willingly when, one’s mistake is detected, (C) to punish an innocent person, (D) to punish a guilty person, 263. In the swim, (A) knowing latest current things, (B) to cross a river by a boat, (C) to cross a river by swimming, (D) to be in the river, 264. To knuckle under, (A) to be in a crisis, (B) to submit, (C) to take rest, (D) to go to bed, 265. To have a dig at, (A) to criticise someone, (B) to sow seeds, (C) to weed out, (D) to praise someone, 413

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Idioms And Phrases, , 266. In vogue, (A) in fashion, (B) fair, (C) smooth, (D) total absence, 267. Three R’s, (A) radiogram, radiograph, radio, telescope, (B) rabble, rattle, razzle, (C) reading, writing, arithmetic, (D) rail, radar, raft, 268. A wild goose chase, (A) foolish and useless enterprise, (B) to hunt, (C) a violent chase, (D) to speak harshly, 269. To rest on one’s laurels, (A) to cease to strive for further glory, (B) to be lazy, (C) to be proud of one’s victory, (D) to die, 270. Raw deal, (A) unjust treatment, (B) unripe fruit, (C) early stage of business, (D) contract not yet finally decided, 271. A forlorn hope, (A) a plan which has remote chances of, success, (B) hope about unforeseeable future, (C) hope of a single person, (D) hope of a silly person, 272. Printer’s devil, (A) an apprentice in a printing office, (B) blunder, (C) low type of printed material, (D) delay in printing, 273. To call on the carpet, (A) subject to criticism, (B) to summon for a scolding, (C) a heartfelt welcome, (D) on the ground, 274. To bring the house down, (A) to appeal greatly to the audience, 414, , 275., , 276., , 277., , 278., , 279., , 280., , (B) to pull down a building, (C) to defame one’s family, (D) to pass a bill unanimously, To have an edge on, (A) to cut with a knife, (B) to threaten to wound, (C) to be slightly better than, (D) to be in a dangerous situation, In sackcloth and ashes, (A) to cremate, (B) in a state of great mourning, (C) dirty clothes, (D) cheap clothes, To put two and two together, (A) to progress steadily, (B) to compare the debit and credit, (C) to conclude keeping in view the, merits and demerits, (D) to oppose as a last resort, To weather the storm, (A) to face a crisis, (B) to survive a crisis, (C) to be the victim of a crisis, (D) to create crisis, Lump in the throat, (A) to be hoarse, (B) a highly emotional state, (C) food of low type, (D) wind-pipe, To fight shy of, (A) to keep aloof from, (B) to fight social evils, (C) to be bold, (D) to fight and win, , 281. Hobson’s choice, (A) lion’s share, (B) the best choice, (C) option of taking the one offered or, nothing, (D) the last chance, 282. To hit it off, (A) to quarrel, (B) to be hostile, (C) to agree or be congenial, (D) to threaten, English – from Plinth to Paramount

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Idioms And Phrases, , 283. To whitewash, (A) to clean a place, (B) to work hard, (C) to retrieve damaged reputation, (D) to use cosmetics, 284. Within an ace of, (A) very close, (B) within one’s means, (C) within a narrow circle, (D) near centre, 285. To keep an open mind, (A) to remember, (B) to forget, (C) to come to no decision on a subject, until one knowns all the facts, (D) to be clear-headed, 286. Open question, (A) a question put to all, (B) a question without any generally, agreed answer, (C) a permanent problem, (D) a clearly-wr itten/expressed, question, 287. On one’s mettle, (A) roused to do one’s best, (B) to put on an overcoat, (C) to safeguard against attack, (D) to use one’s own money properly, 288. To keep the pot boiling, (A) to maintain interest, (B) to heat, (C) to show anger, (D) to do experiments, 289. Grist to one’s mill, (A) grain to be ground, (B) useful for one’s purpose, (C) income from will, (D) to work one’s machine, 290. Kangaroo court, (A) a group of kangaroos, (B) the young kangaroo, (C) unofficial court, (D) unofficial estimate, 291. Wool gathering, (A) to become a shepherd, (B) to shear sheep, English – from Plinth to Paramount, , (C) to engage in idle or aimless day, dreaming, (D) to live in the countryside, 292. Between Scylla and Charybdis, (A) between two hills, (B) between two rivers, (C) between two enemies, (D) between two dangers, 293. Achilles’ heel, (A) bare-foot, (B) to run fast, (C) to wait on somebody, (D) one’s vulnerable or susceptible spot, 294. To know which side the bread is, buttered on, (A) to know where one’s interest lies, (B) to be a glutton, (C) to be fond of rich diet, (D) to know how to increase one’s, income, 295. To eke out, (A) to subtract, (B) to supplement, (C) to etch, (D) to oust, 296. To be in the doldrums, (A) to be in low spirits, (B) to be within doors, (C) to praise loudly, (D) to be in a crisis, 297. Wild cat strike, (A) a furious attack, (B) strike not approved by the trade, union, (C) a strike in which violence is, committed, (D) to face a strong enemy, 298. Blind alley, (A) blindness due to old age, (B) a dark room, (C) unprofitable action, (D) to continue to make efforts in spite, of confusion, 415

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Idioms And Phrases, , 299. Tied to the apron strings of, (A) be independent, (B) to be dominated by, (C) to live together, (D) to fall in love with, , 300. Our school is within a stone's throw, from the railway station, (A) Very far-off, (B) with a certain radius, (C) at a short distance, (D) within a definite circumference, , ANSWER KEY, 1., 2., 3., 4., 5., 6., 7., 8., 9., 10., 11., 12., 13., 14., 15., 16., 17., 18., 19., 20., 21., 22., 23., 24., 25., 26., 27., 28., 29., 30., , 416, , (A) 31., (B) 32., (B) 33., (C) 34., (C) 35., (D) 36., (A) 37., (C) 38., (B) 39., (C) 40., (B) 41., (B) 42., (D) 43., (D) 44., (C) 45., (C) 46., (C) 47., (D) 48., (C) 49., (B) 50., (C) 51., (D) 52., (C) 53., (B) 54., (C) 55., (B) 56., (C) 57., (B) 58., (A) 59., (A) 60., , (D) 61., (C) 62., (C) 63., (C) 64., (B) 65., (A) 66., (B) 67., (B) 68., (D) 69., (C) 70., (A) 71., (B) 72., (B) 73., (B) 74., (B) 75., (D) 76., (A) 77., (A) 78., (C) 79., (C) 80., (D) 81., (A) 82., (C) 83., (C) 84., (D) 85., (C) 86., (B) 87., (C) 88., (A) 89., (D) 90., , (D), (A), (B), (B), (A), (C), (C), (A), (B), (A), (B), (C), (C), (C), (B), (C), (C), (A), (A), (A), (B), (B), (C), (C), (C), (B), (D), (B), (D), (A), , 91., 92., 93., 94., 95., 96., 97., 98., 99., 100., 101., 102., 103., 104., 105., 106., 107., 108., 109., 110., 111., 112., 113., 114., 115., 116., 117., 118., 119., 120., , (D), (C), (A), (C), (D), (D), (C), (C), (A), (B), (A), (B), (D), (A), (D), (B), (C), (A), (D), (B), (B), (C), (B), (D), (D), (A), (D), (D), (B), (A), , 121., 122., 123., 124., 125., 126., 127., 128., 129., 130., 131., 132., 133., 134., 135., 136., 137., 138., 139., 140., 141., 142., 143., 144., 145., 146., 147., 148., 149., 150., , (B), (A), (B), (C), (B), (D), (D), (C), (A), (B), (A), (B), (C), (D), (A), (C), (A), (C), (B), (A), (B), (D), (D), (C), (C), (A), (D), (B), (C), (C), , 151., 152., 153., 154., 155., 156., 157., 158., 159., 160., 161., 162., 163., 164., 165., 166., 167., 168., 169., 170., 171., 172., 173., 174., 175., 176., 177., 178., 179., 180., , (D) 181., (B) 182., (B) 183., (B) 184., (D) 185., (A) 186., (C) 187., (C) 188., (C) 189., (A) 190., (A) 191., (C) 192., (D) 193., (C) 194., (A) 195., (C) 196., (D) 197., (D) 198., (A) 199., (B) 200., (B) 201., (A) 202., (C) 203., (B) 204., (D) 205., (C) 206., (A) 207., (C) 208., (B) 209., (D) 210., , (A), (C), (C), (C), (B), (D), (D), (C), (B), (A), (D), (B), (B), (A), (B), (B), (B), (A), (C), (C), (D), (C), (C), (A), (C), (C), (A), (B), (D), (A), , 211., 212., 213., 214., 215., 216., 217., 218., 219., 220., 221., 222., 223., 224., 225., 226., 227., 228., 229., 230., 231., 232., 233., 234., 235., 236., 237., 238., 239., 240., , (B), (C), (C), (D), (B), (A), (B), (C), (A), (A), (D), (B), (C), (D), (B), (C), (C), (C), (D), (C), (C), (C), (D), (A), (C), (A), (C), (D), (A), (C), , 241., 242., 243., 244., 245., 246., 247., 248., 249., 250., 251., 252., 253., 254., 255., 256., 257., 258., 259., 260., 261., 262., 263., 264., 265., 266., 267., 268., 269., 270., , (A), (D), (C), (D), (D), (A), (D), (A), (B), (A), (B), (D), (D), (C), (A), (C), (A), (C), (A), (B), (C), (A), (A), (B), (A), (A), (C), (A), (A), (A), , 271. (A), 272. (A), 273. (B), 274. (A), 275. (C), 276. (B), 277. (C), 278. (B), 279. (B), 280. (A), 281. (C), 282. (C), 283. (C), 284. (A), 285. (C), 286. (B), 287. (A), 288. (A), 289. (B), 290. (C), 291. (C), 292. (D), 293. (D), 294. (A), 295. (B), 296. (A), 297. (B), 298. (C), 299. (B), 300. (C), , English – from Plinth to Paramount