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(a), , (b), , (c), , Sports related injuries :, Types of sports related injuries: Soft tissue injuries (contusion, abrasion, strain and, sprain) bone injuries (fracture) and joint injuries (dislocation): cause and prevention of, each, Role of a sportsperson in prevention of sports related accidents :, Types of injuries due to : sudden movement; environment (hot, cold, wet and dry); lack, of preparation (warm up, cool down); inadequate clothing, body protection; not, following instructions; surface and facilities, equipment being unsafe. Role of individual, in prevention of sports related accidents, First Aid :, Meaning and importance of ‘First Aid’. First Aid for various sports related injuries. First, Aid for cuts, grazes, strains, sprains, cramps, blisters, bruises, injuries of bone (fracture, and dislocation); application of splints and Thomas splint; First Aid in drowning; Cardio, Pulmonary Resuscitation (CPR) and Rest, Ice, Compression and Elevation (RICE).
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Sports Injuries, • Sports injuries are injuries that occur when engaging in sports or, exercise. Sports injuries can occur due to overtraining, lack of, conditioning, and improper form or technique. Failing to warm up, increases the risk of sports injuries. Bruises, strains, sprains, tears,, and broken bones can result from sports injuries. Soft tissues like, muscles, ligaments, tendons, fascia, and bursae may be affected., Traumatic brain injury (TBI) is another potential type of sports injury., Injuries may range from mild to severe.
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•, , •, , •, , •, •, , A soft tissue injury is the damage of muscles, ligaments and tendons throughout the body., Common soft tissue injuries usually occur from a sprain, strain, a one-off blow resulting in, a contusion or overuse of a particular part of the body. Soft tissue injuries can result, in pain, swelling, bruising and loss of function., A sprain is a type of acute injury which results from the stretching or tearing of a ligament., Depending on the severity of the sprain, the movement on the joint can be compromised since, ligaments aid in the stability and support of joints. Sprains are commonly seen in vulnerable areas, such as the wrists, knees and ankles. They can occur from movements such as falling on an, outstretched hand or a twisting of the, A strain is a type of acute injury that occurs to the muscle or tendon. Similar to sprains, it can vary, in severity, from a stretching of the muscle or tendon to a complete tear of the tendon from the, muscle. Some of the most common places that strains occur are in the foot, back of the leg, (hamstring), or back. ankle or foot, A contusion, or bruise, is caused by a direct blow to the body that can cause damage to the, surface of the skin and to deeper tissues as well depending on the severity of the blow., An abrasion is a type of open wound that’s caused by the skin rubbing against a rough surface. It, may be called a scrape or a graze. When an abrasion is caused by the skin sliding across hard, ground, it may be called road rash.
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FRACTURE, A fracture is a broken bone. It can range from a thin crack to a complete break. A fracture can happen, lengthwise, crosswise, into many pieces or in several places. A fracture could happen to anyone; however,, people with low bone density or brittle bones are at a higher risk of developing a fracture., There are different types of fractures and are largely classified as open or closed and complete or, incomplete., Open – In an open fracture, the ends of the broken bone tear your skin, Closed – In a closed fracture, the broken bone doesn’t injure your skin, Complete – In a complete fracture, the bone breaks completely, Incomplete – In an incomplete fracture, the bone doesn’t break completely, it only cracks. This is the most, common type of fracture. Types of incomplete fractures include hairline fracture, greenstick fracture and, buckle or torus fracture., , CAUSE, Generally, a fracture occurs when a bone is impacted by more pressure or force than it can support. The, pressure tends to be very intense or occurs suddenly. The severity of the fracture depends on the strength, of the force. Causes of fractures include injuries from sports, direct strike to your body, road accidents,, falls.
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Prevention, •, , •, , •, , •, , •, , Eat Healthy: Keep your bones fit with a healthy diet. I’m sure when you think of a, nutritious diet for bone health the first thought that comes to mind is Calcium. But,, calcium is actually not the only important nutrient needed for bone health. Vitamin D and, Vitamin K are important as well., Exercise: Exercising regularly will strengthen your muscles and improve balance, which, will make you stronger and help you to avoid falls., Fall Proof Your Home: As we get older, our vision begins to fail us; this can lead to falls., Keep your home well-lit, so you can better see where you’re going and decrease your, chance of falling. Keep rooms clutter free of things that you could easily trip over, avoid, slippery floors by putting down runners or carpeting, install handrails where needed, and, avoid slips in the shower or bathtub with a rubber mat., Take Care of Your Health: If you have health conditions that require attention, make sure, that you’re taking care of yourself. Treating medical conditions keeps you strong and, healthy, so that you’re in good physical shape. Ignoring medical conditions makes you, weak and therefore more susceptible to falls., Medications: Certain medications can increase your chances of falling due to side effects, that affect your balance. Talk to your doctor about any balance issues as well as your fears, of falling and resulting bone fractures.
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Dislocation, Dislocation is a condition that happens when the bones of a joint are knocked out of place. A, joint can be partially dislocated (subluxation) or fully dislocated. A dislocation can be caused by, a trauma (car accident or fall) or the weakening of muscles and tendons. A dislocated joint can, be treated through medication, manipulation, rest or surgery., , Cause, It's usually caused by a sudden impact from a blow, fall or other trauma., You can dislocate almost any joint in your body— your ankles, knees,, shoulders, hips, elbows or jaw. You can even dislocate your finger and toe, joints. When more pressure is put on a bone than it can stand, the bone may, split or break.
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Preventions, • You can take several steps to reduce the risk of a dislocation. They, include:, • Being cautious on stairs to help avoid falls, • Wearing protective gear during contact sports, • Staying physically active to keep the muscles and tendons around, the joints strong, • Maintaining a healthy weight to avoid increased pressure on the, bones
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Role of a sportsperson in prevention of sports related accidents, •, , An individual plays an important role to avoid any kinds of accidents and sports-related injuries. The reasons of injury, can be error in sports training, improper sports equipment, climatic conditions, poor coaching, previous injury, lack of, fitness components, anatomical abnormalities and inappropriate clothing and footwear. These are the basic reasons, responsible for risk of accidents during sports participation. It is essential to prepare ourselves properly for sports, activities., , The following points should be kept in mind to reduce or prevent sports related accidents., •, (a) Health and fitness: If you maintain your health and fitness level throughout your life you are less likely to get injury., Proper medical checkup on routine basis before participating in any activity is essential., •, (b) Proper training and coaching: It is responsible for reducing major accidents. A physical educator is responsible for, structure and administration of physical training programme and athletes conduct on the playing field. He must have, knowledge of sports psychology. safety and first aid training., •, (c) Protective equipment: It is essential to make sure that protective equipment is used while participating in sports, activities during practice as well as during competitions. Sports equipment protects a sportsperson, allows freedom of, movement and is safe and comfortable. Never play or enter the field without proper protective gear to avoid any, accident in the field. Always check the equipment before use., •, (d) Environmental conditions: An individual should be aware of environment around him. While participating in sports in, hot and humid or cold and wet conditions he can suffer a variety of accidents and injuries. It may ire due to overheating, or overcooling. Extreme heat may cause dehydration, heat exhaustion and heat **. Practice should be held early in the, morning or late in the afternoon to avoid any complicated situation.
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•, , (e) Avoid playing when tired: Limit your workout and practice to maximum two hours. Athletes must be aware of onset of, fatigue as it dulls the senses, muscles and points and chances of injury are more. Therefore, adequate rest between sessions, is necessary to prevent an injury., , •, , (f) Obey the rules and regulations: We must know and understand the rules ,four game or sport. Rules must be followed, strictly to avoid accidents and if any participant breaks the rule he should be punished. Coach is responsible for making the, athlete aware of all the rules and regulations of games and sports., , •, , (g) Warm-up and limbering down: Warm-up allows the body to adapt gradually to the oncoming activity. Proper warm-up is, essential to prevent muscle pull, stress, aches, pain before you involve yourself in major games and sports. Likewise limbering, down is also important to prevent soreness, muscle cramps, body pain as it relaxes our muscles after vigrous workout., , •, , (h) Proper clothing and footwear: At the time of training and competition the athletes must be in proper clothing as per the, requirement of the games sport. The correct footwear is critical to sports. A pair of tennis sneakers is not appropriate for the, vertical forces in running, therefore footwear must be worn according to game/sport you are involved in. Always prefer light, shoes., , •, , (i) Previous injury: An athlete' return to practice after injury increases the risk of re-injury. One must r.rot engage in physical, exertion until there is optimum healing, free from all pain, has regained normal strength and functional ability. So, avoid return to activity to reduce further injury.
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CUTS, •, •, •, •, •, •, •, •, •, •, , If the cut is severe and you can't get your child to a hospital right away or must wait for an, ambulance, begin this treatment:, Rinse the cut or wound with water and apply pressure with sterile gauze, a bandage, or a, clean cloth., If blood soaks through the bandage, place another bandage on top of the first and keep, applying pressure., Raise the injured body part to slow bleeding., When bleeding stops, cover the wound with a new, clean bandage., Do not use a tourniquet ., Get Medical Care if:, the cut is deep or its edges are widely separated, the cut continues to ooze and bleed even after applying pressure, the injury was caused by an animal or human bite, burn, electrical injury, or puncture, wound (such as a nail)
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SPRAIN and STRAIN, •, •, •, , •, •, •, , Follow the RICE management plan:, Rest the patient and the injury, Apply an icepack (cold compress) wrapped in a wet cloth to the injury for 15 minutes, every 2 hours for 24 hours and then for 15 minutes every 4 hours for 24 hours, Apply a compression elastic bandage firmly to the injury that extends well beyond the, injury, Elevate the injured part., 3. Seek medical aid.
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CRAMPS, • Rest briefly and cool down, • Drink clear juice or an electrolyte-containing sports drink, • Practice gentle, range-of-motion stretching and gentle, massage of the affected muscle group, • Don't resume strenuous activity for several hours or longer, after heat cramps go away, • Call your doctor if your cramps don't go away within one hour, or so
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BLISTERS, •, •, •, •, , Wash your hands and the blister with soap and warm water., Swab the blister with iodine., Clean a sharp needle with rubbing alcohol., Use the needle to prick the blister in several spots near the edge. Let the, fluid drain, but leave the overlying skin in place., • Apply an ointment such as petroleum jelly to the blister and cover it with, a nonstick gauze bandage. If a rash appears, stop using the ointment., • Follow-up care. Check the area every day for infection. After several days,, use a tweezers and scissors sterilized with rubbing alcohol to cut away the, dead skin. Apply more ointment and a bandage.
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DISLOCATION, • Don't delay medical care. Get medical help immediately., • Don't move the joint. Until you receive help, splint the affected joint into, its fixed position. Don't try to move a dislocated joint or force it back into, place. This can damage the joint and its surrounding muscles, ligaments,, nerves or blood vessels., • Put ice on the injured joint. This can help reduce swelling by controlling, internal bleeding and the buildup of fluids in and around the injured joint.
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FRACTURES, •, •, •, •, •, •, •, , Apply ice to the site of the fracture., Keep the patient lying down and as still as possible. Cover to keep warm., If there is bleeding, place a clean cloth or hand over the wound and apply, gentle pressure to stop the bleeding., Do not move the patient unless he or she is in danger of further injury at that, location., Do not attempt to re-align a broken bone yourself., Do not provide the patient with foods or fluids by mouth. This may delay, administration of a general anesthetic when emergency surgery is required., When the patient is moved, make sure that a splint is used to immobilize the, injury.
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Splint and Thomas Splint, • Provide pain relief of the fractured limb. Support bone ends of the fracture site., Bones ends of the fracture site are very sharp. A splint helps prevent bone, protruding through the skin, soft skin and tissue damage, as well as bleeding., • The Thomas splint is a common piece of equipment in emergency departments, and orthopaedic units in hospitals worldwide. Its basic design has changed little, since its first description by Hugh Owen Thomas was published in 1875. We have, reviewed the origins of the Thomas splint as a means of correction of deformities, , of the lower limb and its evolution through both World Wars into an essential, item for the management of trauma of the lower limb.
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First Aid for Drowning, • Place the drowning person on their back on a flat surface, and be, careful when handling them as they may be unconscious after, bumping their head against something., • Try to call the drowning person and shake their shoulders to make, sure they are responding., • If the person does not respond, check their breathing., • Ask someone to call the Ambulance, • If the person is breathing: Place them in the recovery position and, warm them up with clothes or blankets. Change their wet clothes, while waiting for the ambulance.
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CPR, • Cardiopulmonary resuscitation (CPR) is a, lifesaving technique that's useful in many, emergencies, such as a heart attack or near, drowning, in which someone's breathing or, heartbeat has stopped. The American Heart, Association recommends starting CPR with, hard and fast chest compressions.
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RICE, • If you’ve ever hurt your ankle or had another type of sprain or strain,, chances are your doctor recommended rest, ice, compression, and, elevation (RICE) as one of your first treatments. The RICE method is a, simple self-care technique that helps reduce swelling, ease pain, and, speed up healing., • You can treat minor injuries with the RICE method at home. You might, try it if you have an achy knee, ankle, or wrist after playing sports. If you, have pain or swelling that gets worse or doesn’t go away, see a doctor., • REST, • ICE, • COMPRESSION, • ELEVATION
