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Sentence, and, clause
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•Whenever we speak or, converse....how do we, converse?
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We converse in, sentences
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•How can we define a, sentence?
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Sentence, •A group of words that, gives a complete, thought or idea
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For instance, •I have a pen., •They are praying to, God., , Predicate, , Subject, , Subject, , Predicate
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•What are the, components of a, sentence?
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•A subject and predicate, •Starts with a capital letter, •Ends with a suitable, punctuation mark.....(.)(?)(!)
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A sentence can be, • a statement,, •a question,, •a command, •an exclamation
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Kinds of sentences, • Assertive : Expresses statements, ., , The duster is on the table., , • Imperative : Expresses commands wishes requests., , Open the door., , • Interrogative: asks a question., , What is your name?, , • Exclamatory: Expresses suddenfeelings., , What a beautiful flower it is!
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Clause
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How can we define a, clause?
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•A clause is a group of words which, contains a subject and predicate of it’s, own and depends on another clause to, give its complete idea, •Note: it’s an incomplete sentence
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•It can be categorised, into two, •Independent clause, •Dependent clause
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Independent clause, •It’s a clause that can stand alone as a, sentence, •Because it expresses a complete thought, •The secret of life is honesty
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Dependent /Subordinate clause, •It’s a clause that can’t stand alone, •It depends on another clause, •It is combined with a Subordinating conjunction., •Hence it is called subordinate clause, • My sister who lives in London was arrested.
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Subordinating conjunctions, •after, •although, • as, •because, •before, •even if, •even though, , • that, •though, •unless, •until, •if, •since, •so that, , • when, • where, • why, • who, • whom, • which, • what
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•If we identify the given, Subordinating conjunctions, we can conclude that it’s a, subordinate clause
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•Based on the function of the clause in a, sentence., •Subordinateclauses are divided into the, following ways, •Adjectival Clauses, •Adverbial Clauses, •Noun Clauses
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Adjectival Clauses, • Palys the role of an adjective, • They are introduced by relative pronouns, • Answers the question..... Which? ..... What type of?...., • My sister who lives in london was arrested
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Adverbial Clauses, •Plays the role of an adverb, •It answers why?..when ....?, Where?..., •I stopped running when I saw my friend
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Noun Clauses, •Plays the role of noun ., •It answers.. What?/ to what?, Whom?/to whom?, •What my father advised helps me a lot.
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Let’s see the sentence, structures
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Type, , Structure, , Example, , Simple Sentence, , One independent only, , Humour is reason gone, mad., , Complex Sentence, , One independent and at, least dependent, , No man goes before his, time, unless the, boss leaves early., , Compound Sentence, , two independents, , I have had a perfectly, wonderful evening,, but this wasn't it., , Compound-Complex, Sentence, , two independents and at, least one dependent, , Those are my principles, and, if you don’t like, I have others.
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Simple Sentence
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Definition, , A simple sentence contains a, subject and a predicate., It expresses a single, complete thought that can, stand on its own.
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Subject, , Predicate, , •The baby cried for food.
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Compound Sentence
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Definition, , A compound sentence, contains two independent, clauses.
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•These independent clauses, are joined by a coordinating, conjunction .
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Coordinating Conjunctions, F, , For, , A, , And, , N, , Nor, , B, , But, , O, , Y, , Or, , S, , Yet, , So
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Examples, • The shoplifter had stolen clothes and he ran away, Independent Clause, , Independent Clause, , •Both sides of the conjunction “and” are complete, sentences. “The shoplifter had stolen clothes” can, stand alone and so also He ran away, • Therefore, this is a compound sentence.
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Complex Sentence
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Definition, , A complex sentence is an, independent clause joined by one or, more dependent clauses., A complex sentence always has a, subordinator
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Subordinating conjunctions, after, although, as, because, before, even if, even though, , that, though, unless, until, if, since, so that, , when, where, why, who, whom, which, what
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Examples, • After eating lunch at the restaurant,, Subordinate clause, Ramu went to the gym to exercise. Independent Clause, • If one is to say “after eating lunch at the restaurant” it, would be an incomplete thought., • So it is dependent on independent Clause “Ramu went, to the gym to exercise.”
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Compound –complex, sentence
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Definition, , •A compound-complex, sentence has two, independent clauses and at, least one dependent clause.
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Example, • After the two players lost their game, Subordinate Clause, they joined their other teammates for lunch and, they went to the movies., Independent Clauses, , • the dependent clause “after the two players lost, their game,”, • we have compound sentences joined by and., • Subordinate clause makes sentence compound-complex
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Let’s Recap, Identify the type of sentence, 1. Our teacher will congratulate us when we win our first, game., 2. Bhargavi and Bhanu went to the movies., 3. My mother prepared buns and my sister made a salad., 4. Since I got first rank, My father gifted me a bicycle., 5. Before Arun called me, he called his mom and his mom, asked him to look after his brother.
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Let’s Do, 1. Our teacher will congratulate us when we win our first, game. (Complex), 2. Bhargavi and Bhanu went to the movies.(Compound), 3. My mother prepared buns but my sister made a salad., (Compound), 4. Since I got first rank, My father gifted me a bicycle., (Complex), 5. Before Arun called me, he called his mom and his mom, asked him to look after his brother. (CompoundComplex)
