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1, SES, READING PASSAGES, 479, ITYPE-I: FACTUALI, 1. Read the following passage carefully., 1. High-altitude climbing is still a very dangerous task in spite of the availability of oxygen, masks and other protective equipments, which modern climbers take along with them., These, of course, are indispensable accessories of climbing, but more important than, these is the stamina of the climber, which ultimately determines the success of his, attempt to climb. Throughout his journey, death is his constant companion, which he, can keep at a distance only with his superb presence of mind. He has to tread every inch, of the ground with utmost care, for a false step may not only strike him a fatal blow,, but also bring disaster to the whole expedition. That is why, all expeditions invariably, take with them local guides who are experienced climbers and who have a thorough, knowledge of the nature of the terrain. Moreover, a huge amount of capital is needed, YGHA RASIR, NI CLASSE, 9BY, for financing these expeditions, and this is generally provided by government or rich, Y RAC, private organisations., 2. The primary objective of a mountaineering expedition is to get to the top of a high, mountain, which in the past has withstood all attempts to conquer it. But it should, not be presumed that the expedition is a complete failure, if it does not reach, destination. Sometimes, operations are temporarily suspended because of bad weather,, loss of some valuable equipment or sudden death of any member of the party. Every big, expedition takes with it men who are interested in botany, biology, geology and various, other branches of science, and these men carry with them equipment for recording, their observations concerning the weather, the terrain, and the different forms of life, in higher altitudes. Other scientists, explorers and expeditionists utilise the fruits of, their observations. Thus, every unsuccessful expedition contributes to the success of, later expeditions. The British Expedition led by Colonel Hunt would have found their, way to Everest much more difficult had not earlier expeditions armed them with useful, knowledge about the death-dealing weather which they had to encounter in the vicinity, of the summit., 3. To ordinary people, mountaineering need not be a fearful journey in the land of, snowstorms, where the brave adventurer is always face-to-face with death. They can, scale less ambitious heights, rest their weary limbs under a quiet shelter and feast their, eyes in the distant landscape. In the company of friends, they can enjoy an outing near, a waterfall or cross into the next valley with haversacks full of provisions dangling from, their shoulders. All those who can afford to go to hill station should seek this innoce, pleasure, for it can be hard without any risk to life or limb., 8tos RA, FS 8299479809BY, BY RA, YR, A. Choose the correct option to complete the following sentences., (i) Throughout the journey,, (a) protective equipment, (c) death, is a constant companion., (b) oxygen mask, (d) local guides, 1, ORASIR, Y RA, 299479809BY R, 09BYF

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(ii) The primary objective of a mountaineering expedition is to, (a) get to the top of a high mountain, (b) contribute to the success of later expeditions, (c) get a thorough knowledge of the nature of the terra, (d) feast the eyes in the distant landscape, (iii) Sometimes, operations are temporarily suspended because of, AV, CLAS8299479809BY P, 0479809BY RAC, sudden death, The British Expedition was led by, (a) local mountaineers, Y RA, (b) Colonel Hu, (C) a group of scientists, B. Answer the following questions in one word or one sentence., (i) What determined the success of the climbers?, (ii) What accessories do a climber have to be equipped with?, (iii) How should the terrain climbers tread every inch of their climb?, (1x4=4), (iv) What, should the climbers take during their journey?, 2. Read, following passage carefully., ·Just by the use of colours you can balance, attention to the food you eat. Nutrition experts strongly recommend adding colours, to your diet. Sweets and candy bars are generally colourful, but remember they do, not contain natural colours and hence, are not healthy. The key solution is a variety, of naturally coloured foods. The deeper the colour, the greater the benefits. Getting, more colours in your diet doesn't mean you have to drastically change your current, eating habits. Have a glass of 100% juice in the morning. Keep a mix of dried fruits on, hand for a quick snack. Grab an apple or banana on your way out. Include at least two, vegetables in your dinner. Get into the habit of starting your dinner with a salad., fruits for dessert. Always add greens to sandwiches., 2. Most red fruits and vegetables contain antioxidants, which offer, ultraviolet rays and cancer, and helps to prevent urinary tract infections and diseases, related to the circulatory system. Green vegetables along with being appealing possess, excellent antioxidant properties that protect the eyes by keeping the retina in good, condition and reduce the risk, rich in beta-carotene, an antioxidant that improves cell communication and thereby, helps to stop the spread of cancer. While the blue and purple group adds an element, of richness to your plate, it influences the pineal gland (the third eye) and the nervous, system. The white group contains sulphur compounds that protect the DNA and, flavonoids, an antioxidant that protects cell membranes., (8 marks), your diet. All you need to do is to pay a little, Y RAC VEN, Eat, against, cancerous tumours. The orange and yellow group is, Y RAC, 3. Therefore, the more colourful your diet is, the better equipped your immune system, would be to cope with diseases., 4 2am idea English-X, ES 829, OBY RAC, AVNI E8299479, SES9947809BY RAC, ORASIR, CLASS

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Y RAHA NSIR V SES 829479, OBY P, A. Choose the correct option to complete the following sentences., (i) Nutrition experts strongly, recommend adding, (1x4=4), (a) sugar, (b) salt, (C) colour, water, (ii) The deeper the colour, the greater, (a) benefits, (b) taste, (iii) Include at least two, apples, (c) bananas, (iv) Most red fruits and vegetables contain, (d) vegetables, (a) sweets, (c) fibre, (b) antioxida, (d) fat, B. Answer the following questions in one word or one sentence., (i) Why are sweets and candy bars not healthy?, (1×4=4), ASSES 8299479809BY RAC, (ii) How should the dinner be started?, (iii) How are green vegetables good for eyes?, (iv) What, oes the white group contain?, 3. Read the following passage carefully., Spices bring to mind the images of tempting cuisines, fascinating voyages and the bitter, struggle for independence. Expressions like 'variety is the spice of life' and 'sugar and, spice and all things are nice', explain how spices play upon the literary abilities, of letters., (8 marks), 2. To orientals, spices are indeed the soul of their food. In the western world, it evokes, dreams of exotic tropical islands, exciting expeditions, and the rise and fall of empires., Columbus went westwards in 1492, from Europe, to find a sea route to the land of, spices, but found the New World. Eight years later, Vasco da Gama went round Africa, and touched Kozhikode on the south-west coast of India. Long before that, Arabs, started trading with the Orients through land routes. During the 13th century, Marco, Polo began the travelling and experienced attraction of spices. The European conquests, and trade arrangements in India and the East Indies also have a lot to do with, 3. Thousands of years ago, great masters of Ayurveda notably, Susruta and Charaka, discussed in detail the uses of spices for culinary and medicinal purposes. Enterprising, soldiers of fortune carried the knowledge of spices to Egypt. There they used spices, and aromatic herbs in food, medicine, cosmetics and for embalming. The conquest, Egypt and Asia by Alexander the Great made spices an article of commercial value in, the Mediterranean countries, and central and northern Europe. There are reports of, pepper being used in the preservation of meat, and to mask the unpleasant odour of, stale meat available after the long winter storage., 4. Hippocrates, the father of modern medicine, and Theophrastus, a Greek scholar and, botanist, wrote treatises on medicinal plants, including spices., men, Po99479809BÝ RAC, RAC, spices., 3, DRAS, CLA E, Reading, BY RAC, Y RAGERDRAS, AV esES, Y RA, CLASSES 8299479809BY P, FS 824 BY P

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A. Choose the correct option to complete the following, (1x4=4), (i) Columbus went westwards from, spices., to find a sea route to the land of, (a) America, Europe, (c) Egypt, NICLASSES, (d) Russia, (ii)., went around Africa and touched Kozhikode on the, uth-west, Vasco da Gama, (c) Columbus, (d) Marco Polo, (iii) During the, experienced attraction of spices., century, Marco Polo began the travelling, (a) 18th, (b) 12th, (c) 20th, (d) 13th, ES 8299479809BY RAC, A79809BY P, (iv),, (a), Susruta, (c), (d) Charaka, B. Answer the following questions in one word or one senter, (i) Why do spices fascinate people?, (1×4=4), (ii) Where did Columbus want to reach?, CLASSES 8299479809BY P, (iii) What did Susruta and Charaka discuss in detail?, (iv) What made spices an article of commercial value in Medite, anean countries?, 4. Read the following passage carefully., 1. Demonetisation refers to an economic policy where a certain currency unit ceases to be, used as a legal tender. It occurs whenever there is a change in the national currency: The, existing form or forms of money is pulled from circulation and retired, to be replaced, with new notes or coins. Sometimes, a country completely replaces the old currency, marks), new currecy., 2. On 8 November 2016, the Indian government decided to demonetise the, 1,000 rupee notes, the two biggest denominations in its currency system. These notes, accounted for 86% of the country's circulating cash. With little warning. India's Prime, Minister, Narendra Modi announced to the citizenry that these notes would be rendered, ineffective with immediate effect. People were given time till the end of the year, deposit or exchange them for newly introduced 2,000 rupee and 500 rupee notes., The government's goal was to combat India's thriving underground economy on several, fronts: eradicate counterfeit currency, fight tax evasion (only 1% of the population, pays taxes), eliminate black money accumulated from money laundering and terrorist-, financing activities, and to promote a cashless economy. Individuals and entities with, huge sums of black money acquired from parallel cash systems were forced to take then, large-denomination notes to a bank, and account for them satisfactorily and submit the, proof of tax paid. If the owner could not provide the proof of making any tax payments, on the cash he possessed,, 00 and, Y RAG, a penalty of 200% on the tax due will be imposed., RAS, 6 Xam idea English-X, BY RAC, Y RAG ENDR, Y RA NDAR, NI CSES 09479809BY RA, 64, OBYP

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4. Demonetisation had a severe impact on the gold market. The extraordinary demand, for the yellow metal, made a stiff hike in the cost. However, the Government made it, mandatory that every buyer had to submit his/her PAN card details for purchases made., Earing jewellers were brought to book., 5. Many Indians switched to alternative payment methods., mobile wallet companies that offered easy transactions through a large network of, partners. Alibaba-backed Paytm saw a sevenfold increase in overall traffic. Prepaid, cash card was another option that the customers found useful. Other alternatives were, mobile payment systems linked to e-commerce businesses like Ola Money, FreeCharge,, Flipkart Wallet, etc., ES, 479, biggest gainers., A. Choose the correct option to complete, Y RAG, following sentences., (i) 500- and 1,000-rupee notes accounted for, cash., of the country's circulating, (a) 96%, (c) 78%, (ii) Demonetisation, a severe impact on the, (a) currency circulation, (b) tax payments., nment made it mandatory that every buyer had to sub, (d) gold market, details for purchases made., his/her, proof of tax payment, CLASSES 299479809BY P, 479809BY RAC, (c) PAN card, (iv) Alibaba-backed, none of these, saw a sevenfold increase in overall traffic., (a) Paytm, (c) FreeCharge, (b) Ola Money, B. Answer the following questions in one word or one sentence., (i) What is meant by demonetisation?, (1x4=4), (ii) When did the government demonetise the 500- and 1,000-, (iii) When will the penalty of 200% be imposed?, pee notes?, (iv) Explain, idiom, 'brought to book'., AV, 5. Read the following passage carefully., My grandmother's house is like a chambered sea shell. It has many rooms, yet it, not a mansion. Its proportions are small and its design is simple. It is a house that has, grown organically, according to the needs of its inhabitants. To all of us in the family, it, is known as la casa de Mama. It is the place of our origin; the stage for our memories, and dreams of Island life., (8 marks), 2. I remember how in my childhood it sat on stilts; this was before it had a car park, downstairs-it rested on its perch like a great blue bird-not a flying sort of bird, more, like a nesting hen, but with spread wings. Grandfather had built it soon after their, 5, S 879, Reading 7, Y RAGHA KASIR NI C, NI SES 2994 Y RAC, RACAVE, AV ASES 8299479BYP, AeSES299479809BY RAC, ORAS