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Drugs are chemicals of low molecular masses which interact, with macromolecular targets and produce a biological response., , ▪When the biological response is therapeutic and useful, these, chemicals are called medicines and are used in diagnosis,, prevention and treatment of diseases., , ▪Most of the drugs used as medicines are potential poisons, if, taken in doses higher than those recommended., , ▪Use of chemicals for therapeutic effect is called chemotherapy.
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Drugs are classified on the basis of the following criteria:, i), , Based on pharmacological effect, , ii) Based on drug action, iii) Based on molecular structure, , iv) Based on molecular target, , Antacid:, Over production of acid in the stomach causes irritation and pain. The, , chemicals used to reduce the acidity in stomach are called antacids., E.g. NaHCO3, metal hydroxides, ranitidine etc.
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Neurologically Active Drugs:, , •Tranquilizers and analgesics are neurologically active drugs., •Tranquilizers are a class of chemical compounds used for the treatment, of stress, and mild or even severe mental diseases., •These relieve anxiety, stress, irritability or excitement by inducing a, , sense of well-being., •They are essential component of sleeping pills., E.g. Iproniazid, phenelzine (nardil), chlordiazepoxide, meprobamate,, , Equanil,, •derivatives of barbituric acid like veronal, amytal, nembutal, luminal, and seconal., •Iproniazid, phenelzine are used as anti-depressant drugs.
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Analgesics reduce or abolish pain without causing impairment of, , consciousness, mental confusion etc., These are classified into two:, (i) Non-narcotic (non-addictive) analgesics:, •These groups of drugs are antipyretics and analgesics., •They give immediate relief from pain and fever and prevent, platelet coagulation., •They abolish (remove) the cause of pain. E.g. aspirin,, paracetamol, novalgin etc., (ii) Narcotic analgesics:, • These are sleep inducing analgesics., • They help to relieve the feeling of pain, but they do not remove, the cause of pain., • E.g. morphine, heroin, codeine etc.
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Anti microbials:, ❑Antiseptics and disinfectants are the chemicals which kill or prevent, the growth of microorganisms., , ❑Antiseptics can be applied to the living tissues such as wounds, cuts,, ulcers and diseased skin surfaces., •Examples are furacine, soframicine, tincture of iodine, bithional,, , dettol etc.
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Disinfectants are applied to inanimate objects such as floors,, , drainage system, instruments, etc. Cl 2, SO2 etc. in very low, concentration are disinfectant., --Some substance can act both as an antiseptic and disinfectant at, different concentrations., , --For example 0.2% solution of phenol is an antiseptic, while its one, percent solution is disinfectant.
