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Chapter 1, Sociology and Education, Introduction, Sociology can be defined as the study of man and his environment in their, relations with each other. He is born in the society and he has to develop his, personality only in society. Man lives in the society, acquires socialization through, his contact with his family, his relatives, his neighbors and friends. He cannot hope, to exist outside society. His behaviour is determined mainly by two forces– physical, and social which he has been trying to understand from time immemorial., While dealing with the elements of 'human relationship' in diverse fields, covered by various social sciences—sociology seeks to discover the interrelationship of human activities in the fields-familial, education, economic, political, or religious. The basic assumption on which the sociologists proceed is that what, happens in any of these fields affects others. In Other words, sociology is concerned, with the 'whole' of human society, and not with the 'parts' which make up the, 'whole', Sociology studies social elements and social processes in a scientific, manner. These processes and elements are the results of social interactions among, humans on one side and among humans and non-humans on the other. Sociology, studies the multidimensional behavior of humans manifested in a group of, individuals. Since individual behavior is always affected by the behavior of the, group and vice versa, group behavior is given more importance than individual, behavior in sociology. When man lives in a group, he comes across a number of, problems there. Sociology studies those problems objectively by analyzing their, 1

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possible causes and then gives tentative solutions to these problems. Sociology, makes the society better by changing the group behavior of men in a desirable, manner., Sociology is the study of man's behaviour in groups or of the interaction, among human beings of social relationships and the processes by which human, group actively takes place. The word 'Sociology' is derived from the Latin word, 'Societus' meaning 'Society and the Greek word 'logos' meaning 'study' or 'science'., The etymological meaning of 'Sociology' is thus 'the science of society'., Sociology is the youngest of the recognised social sciences. Auguste Comte, in France coined the word 'sociology' in his Positive Philosophy published in 1838., Sociology is the scientific study of human society and social behavior. As Peter, Berger (1963) has observed, sociology is nothing less than a special form of, consciousness., The basic insight of sociology is that human behaviour is largely shaped by, the groups to which people belong and by the social interaction that take place, within those groups. The main focus of sociology is the group, not the individual., Sociologist is mainly interested in the interaction between people—the ways in, which people act towards, respond to, and influence one another., Sociology is distinguished by two characteristics: First, by its approach to, phenomena—the approach of science; and second, by its subject matter—human, interaction. In brief, Sociology is the scientific study of human interaction., Sociology, does not, however, study everything that happens in society or, under social conditions. For example, sociologists study religion only insofar as it, , 2

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affects social relationship, i.e., the relationship of man to man, one group to another,, or one group to the whole society., Definitions, “The subject-matter of sociology is the interaction of human minds.”, L.T. Hobhouse, “Sociology is the science that deals with social groups; their internal forms or, modes of organization, the processes that tend to maintain or change these forms of, organisation and relations between groups.”, H.M.Johnson, “Sociology may be defined as a body of scientific knowledge about human, relationship.”, , J.f.Cuber, , Sociology is body of learning about society. It is a description of ways to, make society better. It is social ethics, a social philosophy. Generally, however, it is, defined as a science of society.”, W.F.Ogburn, , “Sociology asks what happens to men and by what rules they behave, not in, so far as they unfold their understandable individual existences in their totalities, but, in so far as they form groups and are determined by their group existence because of, interaction.”, Simmel, , 3

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“Sociology is the science of collective behaviour.”, R.E. Park and F. W. Burgess, “General sociology is on the whole the theory of human beings living, together.”, Ferdinand Tonnies, “Sociology is a body of related generalizations about-human social behaviour, arrived at by scientific methods.”, Lundberg, G.A. Schrag, C.C Larson, “Sociology is the science which attempts the interpretive understanding of social, action.”, Max Weber, "Sociology may be defined as the study of the ways in which social experiences, function in developing, maturing and repressing human beings through interpersonal stimulation.”, E.S.Bogardus, “Sociology is the scientific study of the structure of social life.”, Young and Mack, “Sociology is the synthesizing and generalising science of man in all his social, relationships.”, Arnold Green, , 4

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“Sociology is a descriptive and analytical discipline concerned with structural, aspects of human society.”, G.Duncan Mitchell, “Sociology is the scientific study of social relationships, their variety, their forms,, whatever affects them and whatever they affect.”, T. Abel, “Sociology is the science of the structure and functions of social life.”, John W. Bennet, 'Sociology is a generalizing science of a socio-cultural phenomena viewed in their, generic form, types and manifold interconnections.”, P.A. Sorokin, , “Sociology in its broadest sense may be said to be the study of interactions arising, from the association of living beings.”, Gillin and Gillin, “Sociology deals with the behaviour of men in groups.”, Kimball Young, “Sociology seeks to discover the principles of cohesion and of order within, the social structure, the ways in which it roots and grows within an environment, the, moving equilibrium of changing structure and changing environment, the main, trends of the incessant change, the forces which determine its direction at any time,, 5

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the harmonies and conflicts, the adjustments and maladjustments within the, structure as they are revealed in the light of human desires, and thus the practical, application of means to ends in the creative activities of social men.” Maclver., If we analyse the above mentioned definitions, we find that no two definitions, are exactly alike. However, almost all the scholars have agreed to the following, characteristics of sociology as a separate discipline. To begin, with, Sociology is the, science of society. Sociology is a network of reciprocal relationships and, interactions among persons and groups within a cultural framework., , Scope of Sociology, , Scope means area of study or field of inquiry or the subject matter. Each and every, science has its own field of study or field of enquiry, so is also sociology. Study of, sociology is organised within a specific boundary which is known as the scope of, Sociology. Similarly each and every science has its demarcated boundary without, which it is very difficult to study a subject systematically. Hence it is necessary to, demarcate the boundary and delimit the scope of a subject. But Sociologists are not, unanimous about the scope of Sociology. Some Sociologists opines sociology, studies everything and anything under the Sun., The two main schools of thought about the scope and subject matter of, sociology such as (1) Formalistic or specialist School of thought and (2) The, Synthetic School of thought., The formalistic or Specialist School of Thought, , 6

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This school of thought is headed by German Sociologist George Simmel. The other, main supporters of this school of thought are Alfred Vierkandt, Leopold Vonwiese,, Max-Weber, Albion Small and Ferdinand Tonnies., According to this School of thought the scope of Sociology consists, of forms of social relationships. These Sociologists want to keep the scope of, Sociology distinct from other social sciences. These schools of thought consider, sociology as a pure and independent science. However the views of the supporters, of this school of thought are as follows:, (i) George Simmel:, Simmel agree with the formalistic view that Sociology is a pure and independent, science. According to him Sociology is a specific social science which should, describes, classifies, analyses and delineates the forms of social relationships, the, process of socialization and social organization. Sociology should confine itself in, studying formal behaviour instead of studying actual behaviour., Simmel makes a distinction between the forms of social relationships and their, contents and opines that sociology should confine itself in explaining different, forms of social relationships and study them in abstraction whereas their contents, are dealt with by other social sciences. Hence Sociology is the science of the forms, of social relationship because it comprehends the forms of social relationships and, activities,, , not, , the, , relationships, , themselves., , Co-operation,, , competition,, , subordination, division of labour etc. are different forms of social relationships or, behaviour. Thus, according to Simmel the scope of Sociology is very limited., (ii) Alfred Vierkandt:, 7

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Another leading advocate of formalistic school Vierkandt opines that Sociology is a, special branch of knowledge which deals with the ultimate forms of mental or, psychic relationships which link men to one another in society. These mental, relationships consist in love, hate, co-operation etc. which shape particular types of, social relationships. He further maintains that Sociology can be a definite science, only when it abstains from a historic study of concrete societies. Thus in, Vierkandt’s opinion the scope of sociology is very limited as it deals with the, ultimate forms of mental or psychic relationships., , (iii) Leopold Vonwiese:, Another advocate of formalistic school Vonwiese opines that the scope of, Sociology is very limited because it only studies the forms of social relationships, and forms of social processes., He has divided these social relationships and social processes into many types., According to Vonwiese there are two social processes in society such as associative, and dissociative social process. Co-operation, accommodation, assimilation etc. are, example of associative process whereas competition and conflict are example of, dissociative process. ., (iv) Max-weber:, Another supporter of formalistic school Max-weber agrees with the formalistic view, that the scope of Sociology is very limited because Sociology attempts to make an, interpretative understanding of social action and social behaviour. It should confine, itself in the analysis and classification of social action and social behaviour. Social, 8

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behaviour is that which is related to the behaviour of others. Sociology studies these, behaviour only., (v) Albion Small:, Another advocate of formalistic school Small opines that the scope of sociology is, very limited because it does not study all the activities of society. It only confines, itself in studying the genetic forms of social relationships, behaviour and activities., (vi) Ferdinand Tonnies:, Tonnies strongly support the formalistic school of thought and opine that Sociology, is a pure and independent science. On the basis of forms of social relationships, Tonnies differentiated between ‘Gemeinschaft’ and ‘Gesellschaft’ i.e. society and, community and opines that the main aim of sociology is to study the different forms, of social relationship that comes under these two categories., Thus we conclude that according to this school of thought sociology studies a, particular aspect of social relationships in their abstract nature and not in any, concrete situation., The Synthetic School of Thought, Synthetic School of thought is another important school of thought of Sociology. It, arises in reaction to the formalistic school of thought. The synthetic school of, thought wants to make sociology a synthesis of social sciences. According to this, school of thought the scope of sociology is very wide. It wants to make sociology a, general science and encyclopedic or all inclusive. This school opines that different, aspects of social life are inter-related. Hence we can’t understand society with the, study of only one aspect it-should attempt to study social life as a whole. As, 9

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sociology studies social life as a whole hence it is obvious that the scope of, sociology is very wide. The main advocates of this school of thought are Emile, Durkheim, L.T. Hobhouse, P. A. Sorokin, Morris Ginsberg, Karl Mannheim and, Alex Inkles. Opinions of these scholars about the scope of sociology are described, below:, (i) Emile Durkheim:, The chief exponent of synthetic school of thought Emile Durkheim opines that the, scope of sociology has three main divisions or field of study such as Social, Morphology, Social Physiology and general sociology., (a) Social Morphology includes all those subjects which are fundamentally, geographic such as population its size, density, distribution, mobility etc. It analyses, the size and quality of the population in as much as it affects the qualities of social, relationships and social groups., (b) Social Physiology includes all those subjects which are studied by particular, social sciences such as religion, language, economy, law etc. In other words social, physiology has different branches such as sociology of law, sociology of religion, etc. which are regarded as special sociologies. These branches deal with a set of, social facts related to different social groups., (c) General Sociology is the philosophical part of Sociology. It aims at discovering, the general character of social facts and to formulate general social laws., (ii) L.T. Hobhouse:, Famous English Sociologist L.T. Hobhouse holds similar view like Durkheim about, the scope of Sociology. According to him Sociology is a synthesis of social sciences, 10

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but the immediate task of Sociologist is threefold such as (a) one must pursue his, studies in his particular part of the social field (b) keeping in mind the, interconnections of social relations one should try to interconnect the results arrived, at by different social sciences (c) Sociologist should interpret social life as a whole., (iii) P.A. Sorokin:, Sorokin opines sociology studies various aspects of the social relationships hence it, cannot be called as a special science. According to him the scope of sociology, includes (a) the study of relationship between various aspects of social phenomena, (b) the study of relationship between the social and non-social (c) the study of, general features of social phenomena., (iv) Morris Ginsberg:, Another exponent of synthetic school Ginsberg opines that Sociology studies and, classifies all forms of social relationships, studies the relationship between, individual and society and the relationship among different aspects of social life, such as economic, political, religious etc. However Ginsberg divides the scope of, Sociology into four main divisions such as social morphology, social control, social, process and social pathology., Social Morphology studies the quality and quantity of population, social group,, social structure and social institutions. Social control studies the mechanisms i.e., both formal and informal by which society controls the behaviour of its members., Social process studies different types of interaction like co-operation, competition, and conflict. Social Pathology studies social problems of poverty, population, crime, etc., 11

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(v) Karl Mannheim:, Another exponent of synthetic school of thought Karl Mannheim divides the scope, of sociology into two main divisions such as systematic and general sociology and, historical sociology. Systematic and general sociology explain the main factors of, living together. Historical sociology studies the historical variety and actuality of, the general forms of society. It is divided into two sections such as comparative, sociology and social dynamics., (vi) Alex Inkles:, Another modern exponent of synthetic school Alex Inkles opines that the scope of, sociology includes social analysis, primary concepts of social life, basic social, institutions and social processes., Thus, it is concluded that the scope of sociology is very wide. It is both a social, science and a special science. It synthesizes all special sciences. Society is the, subject matter of all social sciences. But there is no conflict between two schools of, thought. One studies the part and other studies the whole. Both part and whole are, interrelated. We can’t study the part without studying the whole and vice-versa., Hence the scope of sociology must be wide., , 12

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Concept of Educational Sociology, Educational sociology is said to be the study of the principles of sociology as, applied to the theory and practice of education. The main concern of educational, sociology is to describe the influence of educational institutions which determine, the social personality of those who come within their influence. Educational, sociology is a new science which applies sociological principles to the whole, process of education including subject-matter, methods, measurement and school, organization etc. Educational sociology like educational psychology, was evolved, as a discipline designed to prepare educators for the future tasks. It uses the results, of sociological research in planning educational activities and in developing, effective methods of realising these plans. Educational sociology is the application, of general principles and findings of sociology to the administration and process of, education. This approach attempts to apply principles of sociology to the institutions, of education as a separate social unit., , Educational sociology is a branch of discipline of sociology which studies the, problems of relationship between society and education. The main aim of, educational sociology was to study social interaction. Francis Brown considered, that, “All education proceeds by the participation of the individual in the social, consciousness of the race.” He defined educational sociology as that discipline, which applied the general principles and findings of sociology to the process of, education., , Educational Sociology threw light on the importance of the interactions of, different elements of the society with an individual. It emphasized the progress of, 13

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the society through the medium of education. The problems of schooling and, instructions were looked upon as problems of the society. The educational, sociology tried to answer the questions -- as to what type of education should be, given? What should be the curriculum? Why children become delinquent?, It threw light on those institutions and organizations and on those social, interactions that were important in educational process. It used educational, interactions that helped in the development of the personality of the individual so, that he becomes a better social being., It was realized that though educational sociology made everyone realize, the social nature of education, formulated ideals by which educational planning, was guided, used the theoretical knowledge gathered by researches conducted by, either sociologists or educational sociologists, there appeared to be confusion as, to what the proper dimensions of educational sociology should be. There were, differences of opinion regarding what types of researches are to be classified, under the head of educational sociology., This led to the thinking that there should be a separate branch of, knowledge which can be designated as sociology of education. Soon educational, sociology became a historical phenomenon. In 1963, the Journal of Educational, Sociology became the Journal of Sociology of Education., , Some of the definitions of educational sociology are as under:, •, , Carter's view: "Educational sociology is the study of those phases of, sociology that are of significance for educative processes.", , 14

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•, , Ottoway's view: "The sociology of education may be defined briefly as a, study of the relations between education and society.", , •, , Brown's view: "Educational sociology is the study of the inter- action of the, individual and his cultural environment including other individual, social, groups and patterns of behaviour.", , •, , Payne's view: "By educational sociology we mean the science which, describes and explains the institutions, social groups- and social processes,, that is, the social relationships in which or through which the individual gains, and organises his experiences.", , •, , View of Cook and Cook: "Educational sociology is the study of human, factors in the educative process, with the aim to improve teaching and, learning in all types of educational systems.", , CONCEPT OF SOCIOLOGY OF EDUCATION, Sociology of Education may be defined as the scientific analysis of the social, processes and social patterns involved in the educational system. Brookover and, Gottlieb consider that ―this assumes education is a combination of social acts and, that sociology is an analysis of human interaction. Educational process goes on in a, formal as well as in informal situations. Sociological analysis of the human, interaction in education may include both situations and might lead to the, development of scientific generalizations of human relations in the educational, system., The sociology of education is the study of how public institutions and, individual experiences affect education and its outcomes. It is most concerned with, the public schooling systems of modern industrial societies, including the, 15

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expansion of higher, further, adult, and continuing education. It is a philosophical, as well as a sociological concept, denoting ideologies, curricula, and pedagogical, techniques of the inculcation and management of knowledge and the social, reproduction of personalities and cultures. It is concerned with the relationships,, activities and reactions of the teachers and students in the classroom. It, emphasizes sociological problems in the realm of education., , Sociology of Education is an analysis of sociological process involved in the, educational institution. This area of study evolved out of the educational sociology, and emphasises the study within the institution of education. Sociology of, Education is the area of discipline developing on the basis of researches in school, situation. Sociology of Education presents a sociological theory of education, developed through the various analytical studies of the interaction between, individuals in the formal school like educational situations or other multiple, information educational situations., So sociology of education can be can defined as the scientific study and, analysis of the social processes, social patterns and sociological problem in formal, as well as informal educational situations., Concept of Sociology of Education can be further highlighted under the, following points., • Study of social aspect: Sociology of education is the study of social aspect in, education., • Analysis of sociological processes: Sociology of education is an analysis of, sociological processes involved in the educational institution., 16

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• Evolved out of education sociology: The area of study of sociology of, education is evolved out of the field of educational sociology., • Developed on the basis of researches: Sociology of education is the area of, discipline developing on the basis of researches in educational situations., • Scientific analysts-of social processes: Sociology of education is the, scientific analysis of social processes and social patterns involved in the, educational system., • Emphasis on sociological principles: Sociology of education emphasises, sociological principles., • Sociological theory of education: Sociology of education presents; a, sociological theory of education developed through the various analytic, studies of the interaction between individuals in the formal school like, educational situations or other multiple informal educational situation., • Scientific study sociological problems: Sociology of education is the, scientific study and analysis of the social processes, social pattern.', and, sociological problems in formal as well as informal educational situations., Meaning of Education, Education has a great importance; it is considered the ‘third eye of man’. It, gives insight into worldly and non-worldly matters. Obviously speaking no human, being is able to survive properly without education. By means of education only, ones potential can be used to maximum extent. Education tells men, how to think,, how to work properly and how to behave. Through education only one can make, separate identity. It is only the process of education which formulates the persona of, a person. It is the process of development, the development of the talent and, inherent capacities of child to the fullest extent. In inculcates in an individual moral,, 17

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social and spiritual values, nourishes the intellectual horizon of an individual,, shapes the personality, promotes social efficiency in an individual, develops the, qualities of democratic citizenship, social service, tolerance fellow feelings, cooperation, mutual, , understanding and consequently promotes an all round, , development of personality. Education helps in maintaining harmonious relation of, an individual with his environment. It develops both the child and the society to, higher and higher position of glory and cultural eminence., , Education is a systematic process through which a child or an adult acquires, knowledge, experience, skill and sound attitude. It makes an individual civilized,, refined and cultured. For a civilized and socialized society, education is the only, means. Its goal is to make an individual perfect. Every society gives importance to, education because it is a panacea for all evils. It is the key to solve the various, problems of life. An individual learns through his experiences, which are acquired, throughout his life. Education is not merely collection of some information. It is the, acquisition of experience through life in the social and natural environment. It, includes all the knowledge and experiences, acquired during infancy, childhood,, adolescence, adulthood or old age. Thus education becomes the sum total of all, experiences that the child either receives in school or outside .In this sense life is, education and education is life. Whatever broadens our horizon, deeps our insight,, refines our reaction and stimulates thought and feeling is education. In other words,, education is the process whereby a human being gradually adopts himself in various, ways to his physical, social and spiritual environment., Education therefore is a purposeful activity. By education we intend to bring, desirable changes in the students. Education is conscious effort and, as such, it has, 18

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definite aims. Education without aim is like a boat without its rudder. Aims give, direction to activity. Absence of aim in education makes a blind alley. Every stage, of human development had some aim of life. The aims of life determine aims of, education. The aims of education changed from age to age and thus it is dynamic, because the aims of life are dynamic., , ETYMOLOGICAL MEANING OF EDUCATION, Etymologically, the word ‘Education’ has been derived from different, Latin words ‘educare’ means ‘to nourish’, ‘educo’ which means to lead, out, ‘educere’ which means ‘to draw out.’, ‘educatum’ which means ‘act, of training’., DEFINITIONS, Since time immemorial, education is estimated as the right road to, progress and prosperity Different educationists have explained the term, ‘education’ according to their own point of views. Some important, definitions of education are:, 1. Mahatma Gandhi – “By education I mean an all-round drawing out, of the best in man – body, mind and spirit.”, 2. Rabindranath Tagore – “Education enables the mind to find out the, ultimate truth, which give us the wealth of inner light and love and gives, significance to life.”, , 19

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3. Zakir Husain – “Education is the process of the individual mind,, getting to its full possible development.”, 4. Swami Vivekananda – “Education is the manifestation of divine, perfection already existing in man.”, 5. Aristotle - “Education is the creation of sound mind in a sound body.”, 6. Rousseau - “Education is the child’s development from within.”, 7. Herbert Spencer - “Education is complete living.”, 8. Plato – “Education is the capacity to feel pleasure and pain at the right, moment.”, 9. Pestalozzi – “Education is natural, harmonious and progressive, development of man’s innate powers.”, 10. Froebel -“Education is enfoldment of what is already enfolded in the, germ.”, 11. T.P. Nunn - “Education is the complete development of the, individuality of the child.”, 12. John Dewey – “Education is the process of living through a, continuous reconstruction of experiences.”, 13. Nelson Mandela – ‘Education is the most powerful weapon which, you can use to change the world.”, 20

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NATURE OF EDUCATION, Education is a triangular process. It involves the inter-play of the, educator, the educand and the social forces. The educator tries to modify, the personality of the child in the light of the needs of the individual and, the society to which he belongs. The nature of education is very complex., It is a life-long process. Education is a continuous and, lifelong process. It starts from the womb of the mother and continues till, death. It is the process of development from infancy to maturity. It, includes the effect of everything which influences human personality., It is a dynamic process. Education is not a static but a, dynamic process which develops the child according to changing, situations and times. It always induces the individual towards progress. It, reconstructs the society according to the changing needs of the time and, place of the society., It is a systematic and a purposive process. It refers to, transact its activities through a systematic institution and regulation., Every individual has some goal in his life. Education contributes in, attainment of that goal. There is a definite purpose underlined all, educational activities., It is development of individual and the society. Education, helps an individual in his adjustment. If he is not able to adjust himself in, 21

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different aspects of life his personality can’t remain balanced. Through, the medium of education he learns to adjust himself with the friends,, class fellows, parents, relations, neighbours and teachers etc. Education is, also a force for social development, which brings improvement in every, aspect in the society. It is the society which will determine the aims,, contents and methods of teachings., It is training and modification of behaviour. Education is a, training of human senses, mind, behaviour, activities, and skills are, trained in a constructive and socially desirable way. Human behaviour is, modified and improved through educational process. Education, reconstructs and remodels our experiences towards socially desirable, way., Education is instruction and direction. It directs and instructs, an individual to fulfill his desires and needs for exaltation of his whole, personality. Life without education is meaningless and like the life of a, beast. Every aspect and incident needs education for its sound, development., It is balanced development. Education is concerned with the, development of all faculties of the child. It performs the functions of the, physical, mental, aesthetic, moral, economic, spiritual development of the, individual so that the individual may get rid of his animal instincts by, sublimating the same so that he becomes a civilized person., 22

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Education is growth. The end of growth is more growth and, the end of education is more education. According to John Dewey, “an, individual is a changing and growing personality.” The purpose of, education is to facilitate the process of his/her growth. Education is, continuous reconstruction of our experiences. Therefore, the role of, education is countless for a perfect society and man. It is necessary for, every society and nation to bring holistic happiness and prosperity to its, individuals., Relationship between education and sociology, The relation between sociology and education has always been a, subject of debate. Education and sociology are mutually interrelated and, interdependent disciplines. They are so closely intertwined and, interconnected that their subject matter and method of study are often, overlapped to a great extend. The following are the arguments to, highlight the relationship between education and sociology:, • Sociology is the science of society and education in an implicit, aspect of any social system., • Sociology studies the structure and functions of social systems,, while education is one of the important functions of any social, system., • The prime concern of sociology is socialized individuals while, education is the process of socializing individuals., 23

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• Education is the means for achieving the goals of sociology., • Education is the laboratory and workshop of sociology. Sociology, develops methods and techniques to be utilized by educational, system to attain its goals. The ever cherishing social values are, those attained through education., • Sociology provides the principles and education practices them., • Sociology put forth the ideals and values which education is to, achieve., • Education preserves the social and cultural heritage which is owned, by sociology., , • Education brings about reforms and changes in the field of, sociology., • Sociology contributes greatly to the planning, execution, monitoring, and evaluation of educational process., • Sociology attempts to ascertain the functions performed by the, educational system while education adopts the principles of, sociology to improve its functioning., • In the modern society, sociology generates the data base which is, consumed by educational system to realize the goal of social life., • Sociology develops laws and principles which are adopted by the, educational system for its improvement., 24

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Conclusion, Education and sociology are intimately and integrally related to each, other. Education is one of the major institutions of society which helps in, the transmission of vital elements of our cultural heritage to our future, generations. Sociology sets ups the goals while as education is the means, of achieving those goals Educational activities constitute a part of the, social activities of man. In this way ‘education’ appears as a branch of, sociology., , 25