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Articles, There are 3 (three) articles in English grammar. They are –, a, an, the., Let’s read a passage:, Once a businessman of the colony was shot dead by an armed, intruder on Sunday night. The dead man’s wife also received a, gunshot, but she is said to be progressing in a Govt. Hospital. The, murder is said to be the result of an old dispute over financial matters, between the killer and his victim. After three days the killer, surrendered before the police., • ‘A’ and ‘an’ are indefinite articles., • ‘The’ is called definite article., We use indefinite article to mean ‘not sure’ or ‘not certain’., We use definite article to indicate ‘certain’, ‘sure’ or a ‘particular’, thing., , Rules of Using Article ‘A’, Rule No.1: The article ‘a’ is used before a singular noun which is, countable, when it is mentioned for the first time and represents no, particular person or thing and the word must begin with consonant, sound., Example: i) He bought a book., ii) He gave me a flower.

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Rule No.2: ‘A’ is used before a word beginning with ‘O’ and, pronounced like ‘Owa’., Example: i)I saw a one-horned rhinoceros., ii) You will give me a one-rupee coin., , Rule No.3: ‘A’ is used before a word beginning with the sound ‘yu’,, ‘ew’, ‘eu’., Example: i)Her friend is a European., ii) Iron is a useful metal., Rules of Using ‘An’, Rule No.01: The article ‘an’ is used before a singular noun which is, countable, when it is mentioned for the first time and represents no, particular person or thing and the word must begin with vowel sound., Example: i) Rohan eats an orange everyday., ii) They saw an elephant., , Rule No. 02: ‘An’ is used before a singular noun beginning with silent, ‘h’., Example: i) He is an honourable person., ii) Give them an hour, they will finish the work., , Some Common Rules of Using ‘A’ or ‘An’, , ( * You have to follow the rule of consonant sound and vowel sound, while putting ‘a’ or ‘an’.)

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Rule No. 01: Before the name of a profession ‘a’ or ‘an’ is used., Example: i) Rita is a nurse., ii) She is a teacher., , Rule No. 02: ‘A’ or ‘an’ is used in expressions of price, speed, ratio etc., Example: i) She can run twelve kilometers an hour., ii) Rice sells 40 rupees a Kilo., iii) Take this medicine thrice a day., , Rule No. 03: ‘A’ or ‘an’ is used with certain numbers., Example: i) I have a hundred pens., ii) I have purchased a dozen eggs., iii) He has a thousand rupees., , Rule No. 04: ‘A' or ‘An' is used in exclamatory sentences before, singular, countable nouns., Example: i) What a shot!, ii) What a beautiful girl!, , Rule No. 05: Before a proper noun, when it is used as a common noun;, ‘a' or ‘an’ is used., Example: i) He is a Shakespeare., ii) You are a Hitler.

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Note: When we use an abbreviation (like S.D.O, M.A, B.A etc.), at first, we must pronounce the first letter. If the pronunciation of the first, letter sounds like a vowel then we shall use ‘an’ and if it sounds like a, consonant then we shall use ‘an’ before the abbreviation., Example: i) He is an M.P., ii) She is an IPS., iii) His grandfather was an S.D.O., iv) It is an H.S school., v) Ankita is a B.Ed student., vi) Abhiraj is a D.El.Ed student., vii) Ranbir is a B.A., , Rules of Using ‘The’, Rule No.01: While speaking of a particular person or thing or one, already referred to., Example: i) She found a purse. The purse contained a golden chain., The golden chain is very precious., , Rule No. 02: To denote the existence of only one in nature., Example: i) The moon looks beautiful, ii) The earth moves round the sun., , Rule No. 03: When a singular noun is meant to represent a whole, category/class, article ‘the' is used., Example: i) The cat loves comfort., ii) The dog is a faithful animal.

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Rule No. 04: ‘The’ is used before name of newspaper, community,, historical event, train, ship, building, river, ocean, aeroplane etc., Example: i) Everyday my grandfather reads ‘The Times of India’., ii) We experienced huge waves of the Indian Ocean., iii) The Jalianwala Bagh Massacre took place in 1919., iv) The Ganga is the longest river in India., v) The Taj Mahal is situated at Agra., , Rule No. 05: ‘The’ is used before superlatives., Example: i) She is the most intelligent girl in our college., ii) The Pacific is the largest ocean in the world., , Rule No. 06: ‘The’ is used before the name of directions., Example: The sun rises in the east and sets in the west., , Rule No. 07: ‘The’ is placed only before the plural names of islands and, the mountain ranges, chains of mountains., Example: The Laccadives Islands, The Himalayas, The Alps., , Rule No. 08: The is not used before names of countries but if the, names of countries contain words like - States, Kingdom, Republic, we, use ‘the’ before them., Example: The United States of America, The United Kingdom, The, Republic of Ireland.

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i)The USA and the UK both agreed on this point., , Rule No.09: Before the names of important, renowned books, article, ‘the' is used., Example: The Mahabharata, The Quran, The Ramayana., , Rule No. 10: Before term referring nationality, article ‘the’ is used., Example: The India, The French, The American, The English., , Rule No. 11: ‘The’ is used with ordinals ., Example: i) The sixth chapter of the book is very interesting., ii) He was the second man to arrive., • 1st, 2nd, 3rd, 4th........... are called ordinals., • 1, 2,3...... (one, two, three.......) are cardinals., , Rule No.12: When a person is referred by his designation, ‘the' is used., Example: i) All financial decisions will be taken by the chairman., ii) It is the president who will take final decision in this case., , Thank You., Pappu Shaw,, , Online Study.