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1.Fundamental of computer and Its history, , 2. Operating System, 1.MS DOS 2. MS Windows 7/ 10 Pro, 3.MS-Office 2013/16/19, i. MS-Word, ii. MS-Excel, iii. MS-PowerPoint, iv. MS-Access, 4.Internet and Multimedia, 5.Tally Erp 9.0 With GST
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6.Desktop Publishing (DTP), i. Adobe Pagemaker 7.0, ii. Corel Draw X7, iii. Adobe Photoshop 7.0, iv. Adobe PhotoImpression, 7. Video Editing on OBS software, 8.Language Programming, i. C, ii. C++, iii. Visual Foxpro, 9.Website Designing, i. HTML, ii. CSS
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What is Computer ?, Computer is an electronic device which can, perform our job with great speed and, accuracy., Computer is a machine operating, under the control of instructions(Program or, Software ) that are stored in its own memory., It can accept data manipulate them and, convert it into information. It can also store, the data/Information for further use.
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Some Important Words:1. Data- It is a collection of raw fact in the form of, Words, Number, Image and Sounds., 2. Instruction- It is an order given by the user to, computer for performing a specific task., 3. Information- It is a set of data which is, arranged and presented in a logical and, meaningful way., , 4. User- A person who communicates with a, computer or enter the data & information is
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NAME OF DEVICE, Abacus, , PREPARED BY, , YEAR, , DESCRIPTION, , Chinese, , 3000BC, , The first calculating device capable for, addition and subtraction. Used in, china japan and Russia., , Pascaline, , Blaise Pascal, , 1642, , Like calculator., , Leibniz wheel, , Von Leibniz, , 1671, , Simple arithmetical operation, , Analytical Engine, , Charles Babbage, , 18321837, , Able to calculate all type of, calculations automatically., , Herman Hollerith, tabulating machine, , Dr. Herman, Hollerith, , 1880, , Tabulating machine with fast speed., , Mark-I COMPUTER, , Howard Aiken, , 1937, , ENIAC, , John Eckert & J.W., Mauchly, , 1946, , Electric driven Mechanical, COMPUTER, High speed calculator with small, memory, , UNIVAC, , John Eckert & J.W., Mauchly, , 1951, , First commercial and Super Computer
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FIELDS OF COMPUTER, Computer, , Software, System, Software, Application, Software, , Hardware
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FIELDS OF COMPUTER, 1)Hardware: -All physical components, or peripherals and touchable things are, known as hardware., 2) Software: -All programs, data,, information or non-touchable things, are known as software., There are two types of Software:-
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A.System Software: -System Software is, computer software designed to operate, the computer hardware and it provide or, maintain a platform for running, computer . E.g.:- WINDOWS,DOS, LINUX, etc., B. Application Software: -Application, softwares are also known as an, application,and designed to help the, user to perform a specific task. E.g.: Notepad, MS Paint etc.
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Operations, (i) INPUTTING –The process of entering data and instructions, into the COMPUTER is called inputting., (ii) STORING – Saving data and instructions so that they are, available for initial or for additional processing as and when, required is called storing., (iii) PROCESSING –Performing arithmetic operations or logical, operations on data in order to convert them into useful, information, is called processing., (iv) OUTPUTING-The process of producing useful information, or result for the user such as printed report or a visual display, is called Outputing., (v)CONTROLLING – Directing the manner and sequence in, which all of the above operations are performed is called, controlling.
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DEVICE, Any machine or component that physically attaches, to a computer is an Example of device., There are two types of device:INPUT DEVICE- Through which we can input or enter, the data in COMPUTER is called input device., OUTPUT DEVICE- Through which we can get the, result of our work is called output device.
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MOUSE, It is an input device through which, we can display the menu pad and, also used to select or draw the, picture. It is also called pointing, device, There are three buttons in mouse:, 1. LEFT BUTTON: - Which is used to draw a picture or select, , the item., 2. RIGHT BUTTON:-Which is used to display the menu pad/, , option pad., 3. SCROLL BUTTON: - Which is used to up & down the, page.
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There are three types of mouse, available in the market:-, , (a) Mechanical Mouse, (b) Opto Mechanical Mouse, (c) Optical Mouse
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SPECIAL KEY, Escape Key(ESC)– It is used to cancel any, type of unwanted message or window., Enter Key- It is used to insert or break the, line and also perform the selected work., Space Bar– It is used to leave the blank, space., Back Space Key– It is used to delete or, remove a letter from right to left., Caps Lock– It is used to write the letter in, upper and lower case (Capital & small)
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Shift Key – It is used for multiple purposes., Window Key– It is used to open the menu, option pad of start button., Del or Delete – It is used to delete or erase the, selected data or file or folder., Home Key– It is used to send the cursor at the, beginning of current line., End Key – It is used to send the cursor at the, last of current line., Tab Key – It is used to set the position of cursor, and jump the selection pointer at required, optionpad.
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., Multimedia Key –This type of key is used, for the internet or multimedia suffering., Mouse Key– It is used to display the menu, or option, Directional Keys - This types of keys are, used to move the cursor in desired, direction.
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PRINTER:It is an output device which, is used to produce the hard, copy of data or information.
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There are two types of printer., (I) Impact printer – It doesn’t produce, the high quality in printing. The data are, printed in dot (.) form. Ex: Dot Matric, Printer, Daisy Wheel Printer etc., (II) Non-Impact printer – It produces high, quality in printing.The data are printed with, ink. E.g.:- Laser (Black& White), Ink-Jet, (Color) etc.
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SPEAKER, It is an output device which is used to, produce the voice/Sound., SCANNER, , It is an input device which sends the photo, copy of data as well as Original data, in the computer., SOME POPULAR SCANNING DEVICE:(I) OCR(Optical Character Reader ), (II) OMR(Optical Mark Reader), (III) MICR(Magnetic Ink Character Recognizer), (IV) Image Scanner.
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TOUCH SCREEN – It is an input, & output device which display, the information and allows us, to input the data., DIGITAL CAMERA – It is an input, &output device which is used to, take the picture of an object, and also displays it.
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PORTS, It is the interface or point of attachment of input, and output device to the system unit., , TYPES OF PORTS, (A) PS2 (Personal system):- connect the mouse, and keyboard., (B) SERIAL PORT – A serial port is one type of, interface used to connect a device to the system, unit. It transmits only one bit of data at a time., (C) PARALLEL PORT – It is interface used to, connect device that are capable of transferring, more than one bit at a time.
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(D) USB PORT (Universal Serial Bus) –It, allows the user to connect any type, of Devices with the computer., (E) VGA (Video Graphics Array):connected the monitor., , (F) SWITCH MODE POWER SUPPLY, (SMPS):-It takes AC current and converts, it into DC12 volt and supplies in the, motherboard.
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MEMORY, It is a place/space where we can store the data, temporarily or permanently., TYPES OF MEMORY, 1. Primary (Internal) memory – ROM, RAMetc., 2. Secondary (External) memory – Disk etc., * Primary memory has two parts:(A) ROM (Read Only Memory) – It holds the instructions, that prepare a computer for use. It also consists of, program that checks the proper working of all the, computer parts when the user turns on computer. We, cannot make any modification in this memory. It is, provided by manufacturing company. It is also known as, Non-volatile memory.
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(b) RAM (Random Access Memory) – It, stores the information temporarily and, works like a whiteboard which can be, constantly overwritten with new data. The, information stored in this memory is lost, when computer is turned off. All software or, programs are loaded in this memory during, execution. It is also known as volatile, memory.
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SECONDARY (EXTERNAL) MEMORY- DISKS, 1. FD (Floppy Disk) – Unsecure disk, of two, sizes 3 ’’and 5 “having 1.44MB and, 2.88MB capacity. Common drive name A:, and B:, 2. HD (Hard Disk) – Main storage medium., Available of different size Maximum size up, to 4 T.B. (Tetra byte)., 3. CD (Compact Disk) – An Optical storage, media of 4.7”diameter. Having capacity of, 700MB.
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4. DVD (Digital Versatile Disk) – its look, like a CD having Greater storage capacity., It can store 4.7GB data., Two types CD &DVDs are available in, market i.e., A.) CD-R/DVD-R (One Time Recordable), B.) CD-RW/DVD-RW (Re-writable), 5. USB Flash Drive– These are easy to, carry and can store large, volume of data. In current market (on, 2013) flash drive of approx. 800GB is, available. (E.g. Pen drive, memory card
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MEASUREMENT OF, DATA/DISK, 0 And 1are bit, A group of 4 bit, =One Nibble, A group of 8 bit, =One Byte, A group of 2 Nibble =One Byte, A character, =1 Byte, 1024 byte, =One kilo Byte, 1024 K.B., =One Mega Byte, 1024 M.B., =OneGiga Byte, 1024 G.B., =One Tetra Byte
