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NURSING FOUNDATION, August-2016, M.M.: 35, , Time:2hrs., , Note: Attempt, , all questions., , briefly any, o.1. Explain, , two, , (2x3-6), , ofthe following:, , career roles for nurses., (a) Expanded, education in India., , of, (b) Development nursing, of a Good Nurse., Qualities, (c), (1), Assurance., Define Quality, Process., Q.2. (a), assessment used in Nursing, , (b), , (c), Q.3. (a), , Enumerate, , types of, , Enlist general guidelines, , Describe factors influencing, , physiological, (b) Explain, , Q4., , Q.5, , for Recording., Health., , effects of stress, , on an, , following:, two of the, brief, any, in, Standards, Explain, Nursing, maintaining, (a) Benefits of, Theory, ofa Nursing, , (6), , Components, , (c), , Functions, , Write short, , (a), b), , e), , of state Nursing, , notes on, , Health, , any, , Promotion, , Model, , Patient Care, , 367, , (4), Individual., , (4), (2x4-8), , India, , following:, two of the, , Primary Nursing, Progressive, , Council in, , (2), (2), , (2x4-8)
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368, , SES Post Basic B.Sc. Nursing (1st, Year, , SOLVED PAPER, QUESTION-1, Explain briefly about any two ofthe following, (a) Expanded career roles for nurses., (b) Development of nursing education in India., (c) Qualities of a Good Nurse., , ANSWER-1 (a), Roles for Nurses: Nursing is a very noble profession. Registered, nurse can have following expanded career, role, 1. Nurse practitioner: A nurse, who has an advanced education, and is a graduate of a nurse practitioner programme. It includes, adult, , practitioner, pediatric nurse practitioner, community, nurse practitioner, etc., They are employed in health care agencies or community based settings., nurse, , Nurse midwife: An RN, who has completed a programme in, midwifery and certified by licence. The nurse provides antenatal, and postnatal care and conducts delivery in normal, pregnancy., She can also perform routine breast examinations and family plan, , ning setting., 3. Nurse anesthetist: A nurse, who complete a course of study in, , anesthesiology, carriers out post-operative visits and assessments, and administer general anesthetics for, surgery under the supervi, sion of a, , 4., 4., , physician., , Nurse educator: Nurse educators are employed in nursing, programmes at educational institutions and in hospital staff edu-, , cation. The nurse educator usually has baccalaureate degree, o, more advanced. The nurse educator is responsible for classroon, and clinical teaching., , 5., , Nurse entrepreneur: A nurse, usually with an advanced degrec, may manage a clinic or health-related business, conduçt researcu., , provide education and serve as an advisor or consultant to inS, , tution, political agencies or business.
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Nursing Foundation (August-2016), administrator: A nurse, who works, in health, care, , Nurse, , 6., , 369, , at various, nanagement, is, levels of, setting, and, responsible, for the, of, administration, manage, a head, head nurse, nurse or.director of resources. The, administrator, nursing services. Functions may be, istrator include, of adminbudgeting, staffing and, Nurse researcher:, planning, ment, , or, , a, , 8., , A nurse with an, programme., advanced degree, research, investigate nursing, problems to improve conduct, and to expand, nursing knowledge. They are, nursing care, demic institutions,, employed in acaClinical nurse teaching hospitals and research centres., , specialist: Nurse with an advanced, cation or, experience, who is considered to be an degree, educialized area of, expert in a spenursing,, carries, a direct, client, ers, conducts, care, educates othresearch, consult and, manages care (e.g. gerontology, oncology, etc.), , ANSWER 1(b), , Development of nursing education in India:, 272Nalanda, 236 BC, , and Takshashila, universities introduced medical education, and nurses at the time were, usually men or old women, , 250 BC, 250, , The first nursing school was established in India and, , men., , Nursing was non formalized profession., , only admitted, , 1854, , ne Government sanctioned a training school for midwives in, Madras. Midwives training school, granted certificates, , 1867, , . Stephen's Hospital at Delhi was the first one begin to training, the Indian, girls as nurses, , 1871, , 1886, , chool of nursing started in General Hospital Madras., , School of nursins, sing in a full-fledged form was started in J.J. Hospital,, , Bombay., , 892, , i y hospitals in Bombay started nursing associaüons which were, D, , ed to provide additional facilities for the raining of loca, , nurses., , 1908, , TNAI established., Cont'd>>>
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370, , SES Post Basic B.Sc., , Nursin (1st Year), , 1909, , Bombay Presidency Nursing Association was formed., , 1910, , United Board of Examination for Nurses, , 1913, , South India Board, , 1926, , First Nurses, , 1935, , Madras and Bombay nursing councils were established., , 1942, , ANM programme started., , 1943, , School of Nursing at RAK, , 1943, , Diploma programme in nursing administration started in New Delhi, , 1946, , Four years B.Sc. nursing programme started in RAK college and, CMC, Vellore., , was, , was, , organized., , organized., , Registration Act passed in Madras., , College,, , wwwwww, , New Delhi, , was, , started., , emne, , 1947, , INC act was, , 1949, , INC was established., , 1959, , M.Sc., , 1963, , Post basic B.Sc. programme started in various institutions., , 1968, , M.Sc. nursing at CMC, Vellore., , 1972, , Basic degree program.me started in Kerala., , 1985, , M.Sc. nursing started in CMC Ludhiena., , 1985, , IGNOU established., , 1986, , Curriculum change for GNM programme from three and a na, , passed., , Nursing started in, , RAK, , College., , year, , to three years., Cont'd>
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Nursing Foundation (August-2016), , 371, , M.Phil programme started in RAK, Delhi., 1986, , M.Sc. Nursing started in Kerala., 1987, , Separate directorate of nursing was created in Karnataka State, , 1987, , M.Sc Nursing at NIMHANS., , 1988, , New Delhi., Ph.D in RAK College,, , 1992, , started under IGNOU., Post basic programme, , 1992, , 1994, 1994, , M.Sc. nursing at MAHE, Manipal., Basic B.Sc. programme under, , Mahatma Gandhi University, Kottayam., M.Phil, , 1996, , and Ph.D at MAHE, Manipal., , 2001, , Ph.D at NIMHANS, , 2004, , Syllabus of all nursing courses, onwards., , 2008, , School of Medical Education in, , Post, , revised and implemented, , from, , 2006, , including independent, basic diploma in 10 nursing specialties, , nurse practitioner in midwifery was developed., , in governmernt, institution with 5-6%, , 2004, 2012, , orowth of nursing educational, produced by private, Sector and 84-94% of admission capacity, Schools and colleges of nursing emerged., , 2018, , Nursing Council revised the, GNM., , ual, i, t, i, e, s, ofa, Toer, whid, eer, which, , ANSWER-1 (), Nursing Is a cahave followqualities. A good nurse should, , good nurse are mentioned below:, , for many, ng qualitiescalls Or, "Equaitie, , gnity:, elwe The nurse, , between, , syllabus and regulation for the, , must, , be dignified. She must, , keep, , distance, , aCnt and herself and maintain professional attitude
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372, , SES Post Basic B.Sc., , towards each other. Irrational, 2., , argumentation,, , Honesty:, , exaggeration, , 3., , conversation, laughing, , lowers a nurse's, The nurse must be, , work. Avoid, ways thinks about, , Nursing (1st, (1st Yas, Year), , dignitv., , honest, , and confess, , zhing, anger and, , towards patient, , mistakes franl.nd her, patient's safety first. She, should mainto., interpersonal relationship (\PR) with, good, Discipline and Obedience: A nursepatient and their in 0d, relativ, cessity of self-discipline, so, must, that she trains understand the, the, important orders, ne-., a., , to, immediately and accurately.herself, carry out, She, She should, A, authority., not arnot, calm, well, emotions, , gue with the staff in, has her own, , ised nurse, nurse who, under. control, inspirespoised, respect. The nurse should, wh, obey the orders, should not do, confidence and, any arguments, given, by seniors. She, Loyalty: This quality matters with, seniors., in, matter should not, every field that is, be, 5., , discussed with other, The nurse, hospital., professional, should be loyal, persons outside the, the, hospital service and the, because, disloyalty can, Tact, Sympathy,, , affect, , nurse, , herself., Empathetic sense of humour, be, empathetic, i.e, , The nurse, must, herself at the, patient's, humour and should, 6., , easy adjustment., , Courtesy: This is a simple, 1s, form of, practised, consideration of, and, , 1, , towards, , appreciated by all., , others whicn, , require any extra time and is, , nu, , Personal, appearance: A nurse must, Wel, appear healtny, ia, grOomed that is, pleasing, personality. This will impr, impression on others., Jewellery, excessive, Xcessive cosmetics,, Snoes, torn,, cosmetics, , Adjustable and, , h, , and, her, , improper, , fitted, , professional appearance, , or, , soiled uniforms, , t, , completely ruin the, , resourceful: Nurse should be adjus, of situation. Being, she must, equipment supplies of waterresourceful, and electricity., ndenesS and, Quietness: She should touch au*, pauent, gently. She should not be short, tempereu, , CTy type, , 9., , help her in, , fellow nurses. It patients and their relatives, senior offices, does not, , poorly, , 8., , and, patience:, she should, think by, keeping, position. She must have, think, sense of, good, positively. This attitude will, , n, , ev-, , a, , the, , ndle, , the
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., , S
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SES Post Basic, , 374, , 3.Sc., , Nursing (1st, , ival to the ward or pre-admission, but must, be, within 24hours of admission., , 2., , completed, completed, condition, ch., , Shift assessment: Concise nursing assessment, the commencement of each shift or if patient, other time, , at any, , shift, , her, , during, , shift. At, , changes, commencem, of, every, , the, , assessment is completed on, patient, and, is, to, used, a, information, develop plan of care. Initial shift, , every, , an, , a, , ment is, , documented, , assessments, , or, , on, , changes, , the assessment, to be, , flowshee/progress notes., , 3., , Year, , Ongoing assessment: Repeat, , flowsheet, , the, , shift asses, and fuha, her, , documented in the, assessmens, of the focused, , or, , rapid emer., gency department assessment of a pre-hospital patient to detect, changes in condition and to judge the effectiveness of treatment, before or during transport. Repeated every 5 minutes for an un, , stable patient and every 15 minutes for a stable patient., , 4., , Emergency assessment: Emergency assessment is done dur, ing emergency conditions such as anaphylactic shock. burn and, , poisoning. Here the focus will be on specific symptoms., 5., , Time lapsed assessment: Time lapsed assessment is done af-, , ter a gap. It helps to distinguish the baseline data from the present, , condition., 6., , Focussed assessment: Detailed nursing assessment of specine, , body system(s) relating to the presenting problem or curre, , This may involve one or more, for, ensure the in, assessment,, of, n, the evaluation phase, system., ppropr, mation collected complete, accurate and documented., , concern(s) of the, , patient., , ately., , ANSWER-20, General guidelines for recording:, , A, , record, , is the perma, vant, , comnmunication that documents information ec, nealth care management. General guidelines for rec, en, , tioned below:, 1., , There must be standards framed, on content quality., , for record keeps, , ch, to a
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Nursing Foundation (August-2016), , ard, , 2, , should be for a specific, , 375, , purpose which should be, , understood., , Oacords should, , clearly, , 3., , contain only relevant, information and records, should not be duplicated., , 4., , Items on forms and in, registers should be, so as to make their, grouped, completion as easy as conveniently, possible., The wording should be, easily understood and where doubt is, to, ikely arise,, , 5., , instructions, , to, , included., , 6., , 7., , facilitate, , interpretation should be, , Records which are required by the teaching staff should be, , eas-, , ily accessible to them., Persons responsible for maintaining records should be aware of, their particular responsibility and every effort should be made to, keep records up to date and accurate., , 8., 9., , A simple system should be used for keeping records., There should be an accurate supply of stationary to permit records, to be maintained on the proper forms and in the proper registers, , at all times., 10. There should be sufficient number of filling cabinets and approa filling system which is simple and, to, , priate equipments, , operate, , requires the minimum possible time., of all records., There should be provision for periodic review, arrangeThere should be adequate, safe and fireproof storage, safe and, , ., 12., , ments., 13., , Records should be audited by trained peer, interval., , auditors at, , regular, , QUESTION-3, Health., factors influencing, stress on, physiological effects, , 4Describe, Explain, , of, , an, , lndividual., , ANSWER-3 (a), Factors Influencing Health:, , Health is the pr, e, , process, , tha, that promot, , Ocs, , according to, , ngto a, , which a person, , stability and, , comfort,, , person's perception, , seeks, , is, , a, , tomaintainan, , dynamic, , ofwell beng, , cquilibrium, , process, , that varies
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376, , SES Post, , Basic, , B Sc, , Nursing (1st Ye, Factor affecting the health are mentioned, below., 1., Lifestyle: Lifestyle consist of a, usual dailyy actihe, and routines that are, acceptable practices in person, s, ntine and habits influence health, status. For, ex, tion of large amount of caffeine, one, , persons, , ample, , ,cigarette smokino, intake of high fat foods and, consisten, sedentary routine can adverel, fect health status. When life, style modifications are, necese, , improve health, many individuals, have, , the suggested changes., , 2., , difficulty mplemen, , Locus of control: Locus of control, refers to, of control over events and, individuals n, situations affecting the1r hfe, with an external locus of control, perun, feels like a victm with Derum, itle, any ,control over life events. However, a, , person with an nterna, feels able to influence, significant events, occurrence affecting self, that is:, they see themselves as resp, sible for their own life. Thus, with an, internal locus of, contrmi, are more, willing to make life style changes that will ead to wetlne, locus, , 3., , of control, , Self efficacy: It is an individuals perception of one's, ahin, to, perform a certain tasks. Self efficacy has powerful, on, own, , a, , umpa, , Initiating, , behavior changes. When clients are able maae, informed decision about their health behaviors' and feel thal e, are successful in these, areas,they are mote likely to attempt, to, , havior changes. Self efficacy is a form of self confidence, , leads to successful behavior, performance, Health care attitudes: Beliefs are powerful shapern, , 1or Health behaviors, , are, , based on beliefs. Atuude, , od, , c, , abeul hcal, , and personal vulnerability greatly intluence behavior, hes, , uon influences the developmnent of beliefs about heallha, , beliefs determine the, , person's willingness to paruecipu, , care, , Self concept: Self concept, , is an, , individuals perccp, , It includes self esteem and body mage, , 1he, , u, , ween self concept and health is strong Self conec, the, , development, , of beliefs about, , health care, , termine the person's willingness to partucipatc, , Cipate, , i, , l, , u, , c, , hets, , cu, , health, , m, , n, , i
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NUrsing Foundalion (August-2016, 377, , Individual's health behaviors' in that people who, , think highly, ofr themselves will tend to take care of, themselves, a person with a, negative self concept will On the other, engage in, cs, , hand,, , or, , self destructive behaviors' that, endanger health, , reck, , ANSWER-3 (b), , of Stress: Stress is, , the, stimulus that evokes a change., ts, , body's physiological, , reaction, , Physiological Effects:, , 1. Cardiovascular/respiratory effects:, Increased pulse, Increased blood pressure, Rapid, 2., , and shallow breathing, , Neurologic effects:, , Dizziness, , Headache, Dilated pupils, 3., 3., , Insomnia, Gastrointestinal effects:, Nausea, , Altered appetite, 4., 5., , Diarrhea or constipation, Genitourinary effects:, , Polyuria, , Musculoskeletal effects:, , Tension, Muscle, , Twitching, 6, , Endocrine effects, ncreased, , levels of blood glucose, , and, , cortisol, , QUESTION-4, two, , of the, , Explain in the brief about anyNursing, , (a) Ber, , (b, (b), (e), , of, , Standards, , maintaining, , nponents, , Function, , following:, , of, , of a, , Nursing, , state, , Theory, , in, Nursing Council, , ludia, , to, , any
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378, , SES Post Basic, , B.Sc. Nursing (1st ear), , ANSWER-4 (a), Nursing Standards:, Standards: Donabedian defined standard as professionally developej, expressions of the range of acceptable variations from a normal or, , criterion., , Components of Nursing Standards:, 1., , Inout, , 2, , Process, , Output, Benefits of Nursing Standards:, for, It Provides guidelines and directions, 1., , organizing nursing ac., , tivities and nursing performance., , 2, 3., 4., 4., , level of behavior in the, , Nursing standards describe a competent, activities related to ethics, education., professional role, including, etc., communication and quality of practice, and organized apIt Provides guidelines to enable systematic, proach to nursing care., consistent excellent nursing care, It Ensures that patient's right to, is met., , 5, 6., , It helps in supervision to improve the staff performance., curriculum development., Nursing Standards becomes a Basis for, or, and Code of Ethics for Nurses are also mainstays, , Standards, , Used as evaluaclinical evaluation tools. Nursing Standards are, by highet, tion tools for curiculum and for nursing programs, education accrediting bodies, 7., , 8., 8., , for resource allocation., It Helps in improving quality nursing care. increase eltecue, It, , Helps, , justify demands, , efficiency of care., Standards also have great contribution in nursing audit., ness, , 9., , to, , and, , 10. They are, , Useful in Performance and, , Quality Improvemen, , Information technology, , 11. The standards universally apply. Forexample:, ldentifying, , assessment, , to a, client and resident indicators appropriate, tional context., , ent., , elements specific to nursing pale, iza-, , given organ
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Nursing, , FoundalTlon, , (August, , 2016, 379, , dentifying, , and, , securing adequate resoerces for, decision, collabTation, , analysis, with appropriate, in, Assisting dentifhcation, development anddepartmenteof, otilization d, abases that include nursing measures and decired, outcome, in, , Facilitating the development and continuws improvement of, organizational systems in which plans related the delivery, to, , of nursing services, and evaluated, , can be, , developed, modified. documented, , Utilizing appropriale findings, , to, , evaluate and improve, car, processes, structures and measurement of outcomes that, , promote organizational effectiveness, 12 Uses of Standards in Research:, , Standards are helpful, , in, , Making statements of accountability, , for evidence-based practice., , Standards are helpful in updating current knowledge and, , Evaluating practice., , ANSWER-4 (b), Nursing Theory:, plains phenomena, , A set of related statements that describes, in a systematic way., , or, , ex-, , Kerlinger, views theories as a set of interrelated concepts that, give a systematic view of a phenomenon (an observable fact or event), , that, , is, , explanatory, , and, , predictive, , in, , nature, , Nursing theory is an organized and systematic articulation of a, et, , d, , of statements, , related to questions in the discipline of nursing, A, nursing theory is a set of concepts, definittons, relanonships., assunyptions or propositions derived from nursing models or from, er, , d, , disciplines andproject a, , purposive. systematic, , view, , of phenom, , Dy d e s i g n i n g s p e c i f i c i n t e r - r e l a t i o n s h i p s a m o n g c o n c e p t a j o r the, , s e s of describing. explaining. predac tng und lor prexribung, , Four concer, lcepts, , common in nursing theory thal inlueace and, , letermine nursing practice are:, Pers (Patient): Persous reles to all buman beings. Peupic, Tecipients of nursung care, uhey clude, , s, communities, , and groups, , ndividuals, lan
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380, SES Post Basic B.Sc., , Environment:, , Nursing (1et, , s, , Year, , Environment includes factors that affect, affect inl, ind, viduals internally and, not, It, means, externally., only in the, the every, eve., , 3., 4., , day surroundings but all settings where nursing care, are isis provided, , Health: Health generally addresses, , wellbeing., , provided, , the person's, state of, , Nursing: The concept of nursing is central to all nursing the, , theo-, , ries. Definition of nursing describes what nursing is,what, ses, do and how nurses interact with cliebnts.most nursing theorie, , nurve, , ries, address each of the four central concepts implicitly or explicity, Components of nursing theory are following:, 1., , Concept: It is a mental idea of a phenomenon. Concepts are the, , building blocks (the primary elements) of a theory., , 2., , Construct: It is a phenomena that cannot be observed and must, , be inferred. Constructs are concepts developed or adopted for, use in a particular theory. The key concepts of a given theory are, its constructs., , 3., , Proposition: It is a statement of relationship between concepts., , 4., , Conceptual model: This model is made up of concepts and, propositions. They present ways of thinking about a problem or, ways of representing how complex things work the way that, , they do. Different Frameworks will emphasize different vanables and outcomes and their interrelatedness. Models may draw, on a, in a, , number of theories to, certain, , help understand a particular problem, , setting or context. They, , are, , not, , always, , as, , specified, , as theory., 5., , Variables: Variables, , the operational forms of construeis, Ticy define the way a construct is to be measured in a specine, are, , situation. Match variables to constructs when, identify1ng wha, needs to be assessed, during evaluation of a theory-driven pio, , gram, 6., , Middle range, , theory: This theory, , is, , a, , testable theory, , atcon, that, , tains a limited number of variables and is limited in scope aswell,, , yet is of sufficient generality to be useful with a variety or, , cal research questions.
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Nursing Foundat, , (August-2016), 381, , ANSWER-4), of State Nursing Council in India:, A f i l i a t i o n : .An institution, obtains the No, , Hons, , AMliation:, 1., , Objection Certificate, inspection is cartaken according to the, , feam State Government After obtaining NOC,, , ried out by the Council and decision is, Inspection report for fresh affiliation., , a. The Council gets the affidavit/Self Certification Certificate, from the institutions functioning more than three years, where, required inspection is done for renewal of affiliation., b. The Council has the power to make by laws to provide for, the recognition of institutions competent to give such train-, , ing., 2., , Issue of Registration Certificate State Nurses Registration Council, , registers the candidates who have undergone the necessary course, of training and passed the examination prescribed for Nurses, Health Visitors, Midwives, Auxiliary Nurse and Midwife and Dais., a., , Reciprocal Registration: Council also register the, , candidates, , from the other States of India on the basis of No Objection, Council., Certificate from the concerned State Nursing, SNRC., b. Registration of Dais also comes under, , 3., , issues, , certifi-, , issue Good, verification: Council also, , Standing certifi-, , diploma, Issue of Diploma Certificate: SNRC, the examination concate to the Candidate who have passed, of, SNRC as per the Syllabus, of, behalf, on, or, SNRC, ducted, , by, Indian Nursing Council, , Foreign, , have, Calion to the candidates who, , applied for, , Countries., QUESTION-5, , Write, , short notes, , on any, , following:, two of the, , a) Health Promotion Model, , (b) Primary Nursing, c)Progressive Patient Care, , various foreign
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382, , SES Post Basic B., , Nursing (1st Year, , ANSWER-5 (a), Health Promotion Model: Health promotion, , by, , Nola J.Pender. It, , was, , model was, , proposed, , multidimensional, , demonstrate, with their environment, , designed, , to, , nature of person interacting, as they, Sue, health. Health promotion model focuses on following three areas:, , 1., , Individual characteristics and, , experiences:, , It, , can, , be useful, , in predicting, if an individual will use health related behavior., , Each person has unique personal characteristics and experience, that effect subsequent action. For example a person who has, , high self esteem defines self as healthy, consequently, a person, with low self esteem defines self as unhealthy and more likely to, have poor nutrition, etc., , 2., 2., , Behavior-specific cognitions and affect: It is considered a major, motivator for health promoung behavior cognition concerning, , behavior, beliefs, attitudes of others., , 3., , Interpersonal influence include: Norms, social support and, modeling. Primary source of Interpersonal influence are fami-, , 4., , lies, peers and health care providers., Situational influence include: Perception option available, demand characteristics and features of the environment ,in which, given health promotion is proposed to take place. It has both, , direct or indirect influence on the behavior., 5., , Behavioral outcomes: Health related behavior is initiated by, action plan, developing strategies to perform the values behavior. It is the end point or action outcome directed towards attan-, , ing positive health outcome such as optimal well being. personal, fulfillment and productive living., , ANSWER-5(b), Primary Nursing: Primary Nursing is a system of nursing care, , livery which emphasizes continuity of care and responsibility accep, tance by having one registered nurse (RN), often teamed with a, censed practical nurse (LPN) and/or nursing assist&nt (NA),, , together provide complete care for a group of patients througn, their stay in a hospital unit or department. For the duration of a patier, , ho
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Nusing Foundation (August-2016), , 383, , Primary, , Nurse accepts, responsibility for admincame and coordinaling all aspects of the patient's nursing, hen RNs supervise LPNs and NAs in the care of, care. Wh, ode ofcare,, , the, he, , cpis, , I s t e r i n g, , patients, , associated with labor and other resources typically decrease, cost, , o r e attentive, well-coordinated care is provided for patients, while m o r e a t t e n i, , increasi, , patient satisfaction and safety. Primary nursing is a method, , of nursing practice which emphasizes continuity of care by having, one nurse providing complete care fora small group of patients within, nursing unit of a hoOspital. The primary nurse is responsible for, , ordinating all aspectsofcare for the same group of patients through, out their, , stay in, , a, , ward., , In the primary nursing management system, the professional, nurse assumes full responsibility for total client care for a small number of clients. Although care may be delegated to other nurse, ates for shifts when the primary nurse is not in attendance, the pri-, , associ-, , for total client care 24 hours, mary nurse maintains the responsibility, a day. The primary nurse sets health care goals with the client and, , plans care to meet those goals., , Advantage, , of primary, , nursing, , is the continuity of, , care, , inherent, , in the system. Primary nursing is most effective with a total staff of, to maintain., registered nurses, which makes this system expensive, of team n u s, Primary nursing is distinguished from the practice, ng or functional nursing by dividing duties by patient rather than by, , Tunction i.e. passing medications, doing dressing etc)., , ANSWER 5 (), , rogressive, , Patient Care: Progressive patient, , which patients, C a r e as, , catio, , are, , placed in, , determined by the degree, , units, , on, , care, , is, , a, , system of, , the basis of their needs, rather than by classifi-, , of illness, , medical specialty and gender. The levels or stages of pro, , Bressive, , atient, , care are, , intermediate, intensive care,, , care, , and self, , Care units., , Intensive care units for eritically ill patients, egardiess, frOm, agnosis or sex, who need and would beuefit be, , of, , constant, , S n g allention. Skilled rained, , nurses, , would, , assigned, , to
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384, , SES Post Basic B.Sc., , Nursing, , (1st Yean, , these units and proper equipment provided for all the, compli., cated and advanced nursing procedures, e.g. ICCU for MI, , ch, , ent., , 2., , Intermediate care units for those patients not requiring to be, , admitted in either of the foregoing and who would constitute, , approximately 60%, of all patients in hospital. The services provided are similar to those in the usual medical or surgical ward, This unit admits ill patients (such as a simple pneumonia, uncomplicated appendectomy or hernia, post-operative recover., ies) and also patients transferred from the intensive unit. These, will not necessarily be bed-ridden for their entire stay in, , patients, , this type of unit. A large proportion of patients are admitted to, , 3., , and discharged from this unit., Self-care units for convalescent patients are those requiring, , investigation. These patients are ambulatory, physically self suf, ficient and need supervision. No special equipments are required., An, , the patients various, them instruction so that they could, , opportunity would be provided, , to teach, , give, client admit who, maintain their health on returning home. Here, need chemotherapy, radiotherapy, etc., as progressive paSome hospitals also keep following unit, health, , practices, , and, , tient care., , 4., , "one day, out-patient departments for, under anesthesia, patients. Many patients have minor operations, , Beds attached to, , after, able to returm home, in the out-patient department and are, recovery, of these cases are sent for, recovery. At present many, the, thus interrupting and confusing, to ordinary hospital wards,, normal, , should be made, of the nurses' work. Arrangements, minor, certain number of beds for out-patients, e g.:, , course, , to allocate a, , etc., surgery, cataract surgery,
