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Reproduction in Lower and Higher Animals, , P LPn MHT-CET, , (2.18), , Fate to three Germ layers:, Ectodermal layer, ntegumentary system, , Mesodermal layer, , ernus, a rena cortex, +, , Endodermal la er, Linning of digestive system, , Lymphatic vessels., Skeletal system, , from phrynx to rectum., Urinary bladder, vagina., , Nervous system, , Circulatory system, , Endocrine glands; thyroid, , Endocrine glands: Post., pituitary and adrenal medulla, , Muscular and connective +, , Hairs, nails, sweat glands,, stomodeum, proctodium, teeth., , Sense organs ; nose, ears, eyes, cup, lens, , tissue system, Reproductive system, Excretory sytem, , and parathyroid, Lungs, trachea, bronchi., Excretory sytem, , Ant- pituitary, thymus., , iv) By the end of second trimester ie after 24 weeks,, , Pregnancy, , the body is covered with fine hairs, eyelids separate, and eye lashes are formed and the bones begins to, ossify., , Duration from fertilization to giving birth to new, born by female is called pregnancy or Gestation., In human female it is a period of about 266 days, , The third Trimester: [From 27th week to the, , parturition], , from fertilization or 280 days from the last, , The third trimester extended from 7thmonth to till, birth., Human pregnancy is divided into three month, ii), The foetus grows upto 50 cm long and weight, periods called Trimesters., increased upto 3.4 kg., In each trimester internal as well as external iii) Thus by the end of nine month of pregnancy, the, changes occurs such as :, foetus is fully developed and is ready for delivery., i), , menstrual cycle., , The First Trimester : [First 12 weeks], i), , Brain and spinal cord start to develop in the third, week from neural tube which arise from ectoderm., , ii), , At 8 week all major structures of the adult are, , Placenta, , formed in the rudimentary form and the embryo is, called foetus such as:, , Organic temporary connection between foetus and, uterine wall of mother is called Placenta., Placenta develops at the point of implantation in, about 3 months of pregenancy., , embryo's heart is formed and first sign of growing, , In human, placenta is referred to as chorionic, , a) After one month [4 weekJ of pregnancy the, foetus may be noticed by listening to the heart, sound through stethoscope., b), , By the end of second month of pregnancy the foetus, , develops limbs and digits in rudimentary form., By the end of third month. [12 week] of pregnancy,, most of the major systems are formed such as limbs, external genitalia etc.=, d) The foetus grows upto 7 to 10 cm in length., , c), , th, , The second Trimester : [From 13 to 26, weekl, i), , It is the period of growth of the foetus during which, foetus grows upto 30 cm long, , ii) The uterus becomes highly distensible, hormonal, level stabilized, corpus luteum degenerate and, placenata completely take over the production oi, progesterone which maintain the pregnancy., iii) The first movements of the foetus and appearance, , of hair on the head are observed during the 5", month., , C), , placenta i.e. choroin involved in the formation of, placenta., A connection between placenta and abdomin Of, foetus is called umbilical cord., , Umbilical cord is developed from allantois., Umbilical cord consist of two arteries and one vein•, The two umbilical arteries transport deoxygenated, , blood while single umbilical vein carries, oxygenated blood., Human placenta is Haemochrial type ie formed by, , maternal endometrium and foetal part chorionic, , villi., The fully formed placenta weighs about 600 gms, and measures about 15 to 20 cm in diameter and, aobut 3 cm thick at the centre.

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cup,ens, , Excretory, , syl., , Pregnancy, Duration from fertilization to giving birth to new, born by female is called pregnancy or Gestation., In human female it is a period of about 266 days, , a, , a, , from fertilization or 280 days from the last, menstrual cycle., , Human pregnancyis divided into three month, , a, , periods called Trimesters., , In each trimester internal as well as external, , a, , changes occurs such as :, , The First Trimester : [First 12 weeks], Brain and spinal cord start to develop in the third, week from neural tube which arise from ectoderm., ii) At 8 week all major structures of the adult are, formed in the rudimentary form and the embryo is, called foetus such as:, , i), , a) After one month [4 weekl of pregnancy the, embryo's heart is formed and first sign of growing, , foetus may be noticed by listening to the heart, , sound through stethoscope., b) by the end of second month of pregnancy the foetus, develops limbs and digits in rudimentary form., c) By the end of third month. [12 weekl of pregnancy,, most of the major systems are formed such as limbs, external genitalia etc.=, d) The foetus grows upto 7 to 10 cm in length., , The second Trimester : [From 13th to, weekl, , 26, , i), , It is the period of growth of the foetus during which, foetus grows upto 30 cm long, ii) The uterus becomes highly distensible, hormonal, level stabilized, corpus luteum degenerate and, , placenata completely take over the production oi, progesterone which maintain the pregnancy,, iii) The first movements of the foetus and appearance, , of hair on the head are observed during the 5', month.

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ie after, , 24, , weeks,, , trimester, iv) By the end Ofsecond fine hairs, eyelids separate, the body is covered with, begins to, bones, the, and, and eye lashes are formed, , ossify., , to the, week, 27th, [From, Trimester:, The third, parturition], , month to till, 7th, from, extended, trimester, third, i) The, birth., and weight, long, cm, 50, upto, grows, foetus, The, ii), increased upto 3.4 kg., the, iii) Thus by the end of nine month of pregnancy, foetus is fully developed and is ready for delivery., , Placenta, Organic temporary connection between foetus and, uterine wall of mother is called Placenta., Placenta develops at the point of implantation in, about 3 months of pregenancy., , In human, placenta is referred to as chorionic, placenta i.e. choroin involved in the formation of, placenta., , A connectionbetween placenta and abdomin of, foetus is called umbilical cord., Umbilicalcord is developed from allantois., Umbilicalcord consist of two arteries and one vein., Thetwo umbilical arteries transport deoxygenated, , blood while single umbilical vein carries, oxygenated blood., Human placenta is Haemochrial type ie formed by, maternal endometrium and foetal part chorionic, viJJi., , The fully formed placenta weighs about 600 gnts, and measures about 15 to 20 cm in diameter and, aobut 3 cm thick at the centre,

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Reproductionin Lower and Higher Animals, , (2.19), , placenta perfomrs the functions like nutrition,, , respiration, excretion, storage of glycogen, fats etc., , It also acts as a barrier i.e allow to pass only, , necessorymaterial and as a temporary endocrine, gland., Placenta secrete oestrogen, progestrone, HCG, HCS, [humanchorionic somatommotropin] and relaxin., HCSstimulate growth of mammary glands during, pregnancywhile Relaxin facilitates parturition by, , 1, , softening the connective tissue of the public, symphysis., , Parturition, The act by which fully developed foetus is expell, out of mother body is called parturition., Parturitionis induced by complex neuroendocrine, mechanismof both foetus and mother., , The signals of parturition originate from fully, developedfoetus and placenta which induce mild, , contractionof uterian muscles initiated during, parturitioncalled Labour pain., , Labourpain is induced by prostagladin from, placentaand oxytocin from pituitary gland of, mother., Theacts of parturition is completed in three stages., , a) Dialation Stage :, a, , a, , It is the first stage of parturition during which, baby is pushed downward towards cervix by, vigerous contraction of uterine muscles., The cervix get dialeted, the foetal membranes,, , amnion and chorion reptures and foetal, placenta separate from uterine wall., , As a result baby becomes free from uterine, wall., , a, , Diatationlasts for about 12 hours., , b) Expulsion stage :, Q It is the phase during which baby becomes, completelyfree from mother body., Q It last about 20 minutes to one hour., Q Babyexpell out through cervix due to forceful, uterine contraciton with head coming out first., , Q The umbilical cord cut, the infant's lungs, expand and it take first breath in the new, world., , c) After birth:, Q It is stage of 10 ot 15 minutes of delivery.

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a, , During this stage, the placenta and remains of, umbilical cord which is called after birth is, , a, , expelled out., The further contraction of uterus helps to close, , a, , cervix and prevent excessivebleeding through, vagina., When there is delay in normal parturition then, , labour pains can be induced artificiallyby, injection of oxytocin or by inseration of, prostaglandin into the vagina., When induced parturition fails then the baby, , is made free by surgical procedure called, Caesarean., , Lactation, Symthesis and release of milk by mammary glands, is called Lactation., Milk synthesis is stimulated by pituitary hormone, prolactin and release of milk is stimulated by a rise, in level of oxytocin when the baby begins, nourshing., , Increased level of estrogen in the blood acts as, inhibitory to the secretion of prolactin., The first milk which comes out from the mother's, mammary glands just after child birth is called as, colostrum., Colostrum is rich in protein and energy along with, antibodies like IgA that provides passive immunity, , a, , for the new born infant., Therefore,breast feeding during the initial period, of infant growth is recommended by doctors for, bringing up a healthy baby., , Reproductive Health, According to WHO. Total well being in all aspect of, health is called Reproductive health., , It includes healthy reproductive organs with, , normal function as well as emotional and social, aspects., , a, , a, , Programmesinvolved in maintaining reproductive, health are Family planning programme, introduced, in 1951and currently lounched programme, is child, Health, , care (RCH)., Problems Related to Reproductive, Health:, The problems associated with, myths and miscanceptions reproductive health are, about sex related aspects,, Ignorance about problems of, adolescence, sex hygien,, risk of STD, victim of sex, crime etc.

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The other problems regarding newly married couples, are care during pregnancy, child care, food and hygien, problems, lack of knowledge about birth control methods etc., Efforts of RCH :, a Efforts and steps under taken by Govt. of India and, other voluntary organizations are :, i) Introduction of sex education at school level to provide scientific information about sex to young as well, , as discourse children from myths and misconceptions., , ii) Proper information about growing reproductive organs to adolescence thorugh family members. It also, includes the informationregarding sexual hygiene,, STD, AIDS etc., , iii) Educating the people those in marrigeable age group, , and married couples about available birth control, , options to keep to size of the family in limit., iv) Preventing the people from sex abuse and sex related, crime and their bad consequences., v) Concentrat on three critical health indicators like to, , reduce the rate of infertility, infant mortality and, materanal mortality., , Methods of Birth Control, There are two main methods of birth control such, as temporary and permanent., , I., , Temporary methods:, , a), , Sefe period or Rhythm method:, , a, a, , Avoid sexual contact around the time of, ovulation is called safe or rhythm method., ie, days, 10, to, days, 7, about, for, abstinence, Total, , a week before and week after menstrual, as well, , beleeding, during Wichno ovulation, , as life span of ovum and sperm in female genital, , tract is about 2 to 3 days., , This method may reduce the chances of, fertilization upto 80%., , a, , But chances of fertilization are there if, menstrual is irregular or calculation of, , menstrual period becomeswrong., b) Coitus interruption:, It is the oldest method of birth control which, involve withdrawl of the penis by the male, , before ejaculation so that semen is not, deposited in the vagina of female., , It is depends on self decipiline and penis may, leak some sperm before ejaculation hence there, is failure rate.

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c), , Chemical, , a, , means, , or spermicides:, , Spermicidalfomes, jellies, pestes and creams,, , if introducedinto the vagina before sexual, intercourse, then deposited sperms get, , immoblize and killed in the vagina., d) Barrier methods or Mechanical means:, , In this methods ovum and sperms are, prevented from physically meeting., Such methods are available for both the sexes, such as:, , i), , Condom or Nirodh:, , a It is most widely used contraceptiveby, male., , a It is cheep, easily available, simple to handle, and effective method, has no side effects., , a It is rubber sheat to cover the errect penis, before the intercourse., , a It cheek the pregnancy by preventing, deposition of semen in the vagina., , Itis also safeguard against AIDS, , and STD., , ii) Diaphragm and cervical caps:, a These, mechanical devices, , are, , recommended for female sex., These are rubber plastic flexible covers that, , fit in the vagina which check the entery Of, sperms during intercourse., , a These devices have to kept at least for six, hours after the inter course to reduce the, chances of sperm entery., , a Thus they acts as counterpart of condom, , in the male., iii) Intrauterine contraceptive device [ IUCDI :, a These are small devices of rubber or metal, like copper or stainless stell, inserted in the, , uterus by doctor e.g. copper T. spiral ring/, Bowl, shield etc., It can be left in place upto 5 years., , Q They prevent the fertilization of egg or, implanation of the embryo., , The draw backs of these devices are, in, , many cases may cause bleeding and, , discomfort or IUD may come out., e) Hormonal methods:, i) Oral contraceptive pills:, , a These are synthetic pills contain estrogen, and progesterone hormones,, , a By taking these pills once, in a day inhibitS, , the secretionof FSH and LH and inturn, ovulation e.g. Mala D is taken daily an, , Saheli nonsteriod is taken weekly., a A combined pill that contain estrogen and, progesterone is most commonly used birth, control ill.

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The draw back of use of oral pills are side, , effects like nausea, breast tenderness,, weight gain and slight blood loss during, menstrual period., , f), , Other contraceptives:, , The modern pills are available as Implant, which can be used for long term effect., , It contain progesterone alone or in, combinationwith estrogen can be used by, a, , a, , female as injections or implant under the skin., Their mode of action is similar to oral pills and, , effective period is much longer [ie prevent, pregnancy for 3 to 4 years], Injectable one month contraceptives are made, available by Germany, China etc., , 2. Permanentmethod of Birth control:, It includes sterilization of male and femal by, surgical method., It is most effective method of birth control by which, 100%success is achieved., , Themain aim of this method to block gamete, transportby surgical intervention., , In male, it is called as vasectomy in which cutting, , and lagation of vasa deferns are done while in, femaleit is called as Tubectomy or Leproscopy ie, cuttingand lagation of fallopian tubes., , Medical Termination Of Pregnancy, [MTPI, Intentionalor voluntary termination of pregnancy, , beforefull term is called MTP or Induced aboration., , It has significant role in decreasing the population, thoughit is not meant for that purpose., , Govt of India has legalized MTP in 1971 and come, into force from 01 April 1972 with some restrictions, , to avoid or prevent female foeticides. Such, , restrictionsare important to check indiscriminate, and illegal female foeticides which are reported, to be high in India, as a result, female sex number, decreasingday by day., MTP is allowed maximumally of 4 monthes [10, weeks] pregnancy under following conditions., i) Any genetical or physiological abnormality, dected in developing foetus., , continue, to, want, not, is, ii) Voluntarilya couple, pregnancy., , un, to, due, accidentally, iii) Pregnancy conceived, contraceptive, protected intercourse, failure of, used during coitus, rape etc., iv) Continuation of pregnancy could be harmful, , or even fatal either to the mother or to, foetus or both., , the

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v), , Misuse of MTP provision resulted in large scale, female foeticide., vi) To prevent such misuse of MTP Gove. Of India, , has enacted a law Pre-Natal Diagnostic, , Technique [Regulationand preventation of, misuse act- 19941.With amendment in 2003., vii) Those who violet the law is punishable with, imprisonment of 5 years and fine of Rs., , along with cancellation of medical registration, licence., , Detection Of Foetal Disorders During, Early Pregnancy, Foetal disorders during early preganancy can be, detected by following techniques., , Amniocentesis:, The proceduce used for prenatal diagnostic test is, called amniocentesis., , It includes the study of genetic and biochemical, , disorder in developing foetus as well as to, determine foetal maturity., The amniotic fluid contains foetal cells. The fluid is, drawn out with a hypodermic needle and examine, chromosomal defects if any in the foetus., , This technique is misused by some doctors and, couple for prenatal sex determination and abortion, of female sex which is baned by law., , Sexually Transmitted Diseases [STD], The diseases which are transmitted through sexual, intercourse are collectively called as sexually trans, mitted diseases [STDI or veneral diseases [VDI or, , reproductive tract infection [RTIl e.g. Syphilis,, Gonorrhoea, Genital herpes, Genital warts,, Chlamydiasis, Trichomoniasis etc., , 1. Syphilis:, Causative agent:, , It is caused by spirochaete bacterium called, , Treponemapallidum,, , Incubation period: 3 to 4 weeks,, , Symptoms:, There are three clearly marked stages through, , which mild to severe types of symptoms are, expressed such as:, a) Primary stage:, , Q It affects the mucous membrane of genital,, a, , rectal and oral regions and causes lesions., The primary lesions are called chancre ie sores, , at site of infection e.g. vulva, vagina, penis etc.

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The primary lesions becomes hard and heals, spontaneously in several weeks., b) Secondary stage:, , Secondarylesions appears 3 to 4 months of, infection., , They consistsof red rashes on the external, , c), , genitalia and any where of the body., This is accompanied by fever, inflamed joints, and loss of hairs., All these symptoms subside spontaneously in, several months and followed latent period of, variable number of years., Tertiary stage:, During this stage spirochaetes becomes highly, , infectionsand produce the lesion in skin,, , bones, and liver., It causes degenerative changes in the heart and, brain which may leads to paralysis., In the latent phase, there is no evidence of the, disease, , VDRL is a confirmative test for syphilis., , Control measures:, 1., , Primary control measures includes sex hygiene and, avoid multiple sexual parterns, , 2. Reported cases are treated properly, 3. Finding out the source of infection and treating, them., 4., , Use condom for safe sexual intercourse., , 5. Treatment includes the use of antibacierial drugs, like peniccillin, tetracyline etc., , 2. Gonorrhoea:, Causative agent:, It is caused by a diplococcusbacterium Neisseria, gonorrhoeae., Incubation period:, It is most commonly occurring venereal disease and, , affects both men and women., In male, incubation period is 2 to 14 days and in, female 7 to 21 days., About 60% cases of gonorrhoea occurs in male and, most of the infection occur between the age group, 15 years to 30 years,, Symptoms:, , It mainly affects mucosa of reproductive and, urinary tracts and victim feels burning sensation, and pain during urination., the penis and excessive, from, pus, be, may, There, ii), i), , secretion of vagina., may spread to prostate gland,, infection, the, male,, iii) In, testis., , epididymis and, , iv), , may, infection, the, In female,, , spread from vulva to

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2), , vagina, and cervix to body of uterus, uterine tubes, and ovaries., , v) In female, causes fibrosis which may leads to, obstruction of uterine tubes and inturn infertility., vi) In male,it may cause urethral stricture, vii) The disease causes inflammation of the urinogenital, , tract, rectum, throat and eye, viii) It may also causes arthritis, ix) The children born to infected mother often suffer, from eye infection called Neonatal ophthalamia like, , gonococcal opthalamia and gonococcal, vulvovaginitis of girls before pubrty., , Diagnosis of the disease is carried out by gram, staining of discharge and culture., The disease can be cured by antibiotic like cefixime., , Infertility, Inspite of unprotected intercourse for more than, , one year, the couple is unable to conceive, naturally, called infertility., , The possible cuases of infertility are physical,, congenital, diseases, immunological or even, physiological., , In male, infertility could be caused due to, oligosperm, azospermy, chronic diabetes STD, infections. etc., , In femaleovulation problem due polycystic, ovarian cyst syndrome [POCS],blocked fallopian, , Tubes, uterin fibrids, hormonal imbalance,, endometrosis etc., , Assisted Reproductive Technology, [ARTI, ARTis used mainly to solve the problem Of, infertility., Some of the important techniques are as follows,, , 1. In vitro fertilization: [IVF] or Test tube, Baby:, , Bringingunion of egg and sperm outside the mother, , body in almost similar conditions of that of the, mother body is called IVF or test tube baby, The mature egg of such women are taken out from, , ovary and are fertilized in test tube with their, husband's sperms or the sperms barrowed from, sperm bank and allowed to fertilize and form, , zygote., Further technique involves two methods such as:

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a) Zygote Intra Fallopian Transfer : [ZIFT]:, , The early embryo upto 8 blastomere stage is, transferred into the fallopian tube instead of, , the uterus., b) Intra uterine Transfer [IUTI:, , The embryo with more than 8 blastomersis, transferredinto the uterus., The first test tube or IVF baby named Louise, Joy Brown was born on July 25th 1978in, , England., India's first test tube baby was born on Augest, 6, 1986at K.E.M Hospital, Mumbai and her, name is Kum. Harsha., The credit for India's first test tube baby goes, , to Dr. Indra Hinduja., Robert Edwards was awarded the 2010Nobel, , prize for developing the technique of, producing the first test tube baby., , 2. GIFT : Gamete Intra fallopian Transfer:, It is modified form of IVF, transfer of an ovum, collectedfrom donor into the fallopian tube of, femalewho can not produce ovum but can provide, , suitable environment for fertilization and, development., , 3. Intra cystoplasmic sperm Injection [ICSII:, In this technique, sperm is directly injected into, , the ovum to form the an embryo into the, laboratory., , The embryo is later transferred by ZIFT or IUT, methodin the uterus., 4. Artificial Insemination, Q The technique involves introduction of semen, COIIected, from the husband or healthy donor into, the vagina or into the uterus [IUIJ [Intra. Uterine, insemination]of the female, u This technique is used in those females where the, husband is either unable to inseminate the female, or has very low sperm count in the ejaculation., , 5. Surrogate mother:, Q This method is used to those females who can not, Providesuterus for implantation and development, of embryo., Q In this technique the embryo is implanted into the, uterus of substitute female called surrogate mother, to the, , who nourishes the embryo and give birth, baby.

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Adoption:, parent, single, or, couple, a, which, by, process, A legal, can obtain all rights of a child of some other parent,, called adoption., adoptive, for, conditions, down, laid, have, court, Hon., parent such as :, , and, age, years, 21, than, more, be, must, He/she, i), , medically fit, enough, sound, must, be, condition, fanancial, her, His/, ii), needs., his/her, fillfal, and, child, of, care, take, to, , aaa

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Reproduction, 1., , Binary fission is characteristic of, , 3., , Multiple fission occurs in, , b) Poriferans, a) Protozoan, d) Helminthes, c) Coelenterates, 2. Commonaly, Hydra reproduce through, a) Sexualreproduction b) Gemmule formation, d) Budding, c) Fission, b) Plasmodium, d) Paramecium, , a) Hydra, c) Planaria, Regeneration is found in, , 4., , a)Sponges, 5., , b) Coelenterates, d) All of these, c) Planaria, Which type of binary fission is found in Euglena., b) Transverse, a)Irregular, d) Oblique, c) Longitudinal, , 6., , Gemmule formation occurs in, a) Some fresh water sponges, , b) Some marine sponges, c) a and b, d) Nematode, , parasites, , 7., , Internal bud of spongilla are, a)Spores, b) Gemmules, c) Gametes, d) Spicules, , 8., , Budding is normal mode of asexual reproduction in, a) Hydra and Starfish, , b) Hydra and Sponges, c) Hydra and Tape worm, , d) Sponges and Planaria., , Human Male Reproductive System, 9., , The testis is fixed in the scrotum by, a) Sperimatic cord, , b) Gubernaculum, c) Connective tissue, d) Adipose, , tissue, , 10. Scrotum serves as, , a) Hydroregulator, b) Electroregulator, d) 'a' and 'c', c) Thermoregulator, Il.In man, testes descend from abdomen to scrotum, a) During foetal development

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foetus, of, development, early, During, b), development of foetus, of, completion, after, Just, c), d) During 7th month of development, , human, encloses, that, layer, most, inner, 2. The, , testes, , is called, , b) Tunica membrane, a) Tunica albicans, d) Tunica vasculosa, c) Tunica vaginalis, the, system, reproductive, male, of, part, which, In, 13., sperms are stored and nourished ?, b) Epididymis, a) Testes, d) Spermatic cord, c) Seminal vesicles, , 14. In man, which of the following cells secrete, hormone ?, a)Spermatogonia, c) Cells of Leydig, , b) Sertoli cells, , d) Spermatids, , 15. Which of the following is secreted by Interstitial, cells ?, a) Estrogen, c) Progesterone, , b) Cholesterol, d) Testosterone, 16. The ducts leading from rete testis of man are, b) Vasa efferentia, a)Genital, ducts, c) Vas deferens, d) Spermatic duct, 17. There is a connective tisuue cord extending, betweenthe scrotumand abdominal wall called, a) Inguinal canal, , b), , Gubernaculum, , c)Spermatic, cord, d) Testis cord, 18. Bulbourethral glands are present, a) On either side of vagina of female, b) In the cervix of female, c) On either side of membranous urethra of mal e, d) On prostatic urethra of male, , 19. Clans penis is surrounded by, a) PerpÜce, b) Perfuse, c) Labial folds, d) Skin folds, 20. Shaft of penis in man is surrounded by, a) Two corpora cavernosa tissue, b) Two corpus spongiosum tissue, , c) 'a' and'b', d) Two corpora cavernosa and one corpuS, spongiosum, , 21. External genitalia of man is called, , a) Urethra, c) Penis, , b) Ureter, d) Penile

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of the following is associated with, one, Which, 22,, human male reproductive system ?, , b) Bartholin's, a) Prostate, d) Phallic gland, 'b', and, 'a', c), fluid contains an enzyme, Prostatic, 23., b) Acid phosphatase, a) Acid sulphatase, d) Lipase, c) Acid hydrolase, passing through shaft of penis, 24. Thepart of urethra, is called, , b) Penile urethra, , a) Prostaticurethra, , c) Membranous urethra d) Urinogenital duct, , 25. Ingunial canal is the connection between the, scrotalsac and the, b) Urethral lumen, a) Tunicavaginalis, d) Urethramasculinus, c) Abdominal cavity, 26. Failureof descending of testes into the scrotum is, known as, , a)Paedogenesis b) Castration, d) Impotency, , c) Cryptochidism, , 27. In whichmammal the testes are abdominal during, , embryonicstages but migrate to scrotum just, beforebirth where they remain through out life ?, a)Elephants, b) Rats, c) Whales, d) Men, 28, Tunicaalbuginea is external covering of, a)Kidney, b) Liver, d) Ovary, , c) Testis, , 29. The scrotal sac of a male mammal is homologous, to, , a) Clitoris, , b) Labia majora, , c) Vagina, , d) Hymen, , 30. Whichof these is mismatched ?, a) Interstitial cells testosterone., b) Seminiferoustubules - sperms, c) Vasdeferens - seminal fluid production, d) Penis - sexual stimulation, 31. The cavity, of scrotum is called:, a) Coelom, b) Vaginal coelom, c) Vagina, d) Haemocoel, 32. Whichof the following, muscles is responsible for, wrinkling of scrotum?, a)Dartos, muscles b) Cremaster muscles, c) Alary muscles, d) Detrusar muscles, 33. Subtentacular, cells are found in:, , a) Testis, , c) Epididymis, 34. The narrow, middle, , b) Ovary, d) Follicles, part of epididymis is called, , a) Caput epididymis, , c) Corpus, epididymis, , b) Cauda epididymis, d) All of these

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35. Which of the following is unpaired?, b) Prostate gland, a) Seminal vesicle, , d) Cowper's gland, c) Bartholin's gland, 36. The sugar fructose is present in the secretion of :, b) Prostate gland, a) Seminal vesicles, d) Salivary gland, c) Cowper's gland, , 37. Which of the following provides a proof for, forensic test in case of rape in female genital tract, , b) Acid phosphatase, , a) Prostaglandin, , d) Citric acid, c) Fructose, 38. The primary sex organs of males are the:, , b) Beard, , a) Penis, c), , d) a and c, , Testes, , 39. The correct order of internal genital organs of male, human begins is, , a) Rete testis, epididymis, vasa efferentia and, urethra, b) Rete testis, vasa efferentia, epididymis, vas, deferens and urethra, , c) Vasa efferentia, epididymis, rete testes, vas, deferens, d) Epididymis, rete testis, vas deferens and utethra, are:, 40. Human testes, , a)Ectodermal, c)Endodermal, , b) Mesodermal, d) Ectomesodermal, 41. What would happen if vasa differentia of man are, cut?, a) Spermatogenesis, , does not occur, , b) Semen will be without sperms, c) Sperms become non motile, d) Sperms, , will not mature, , 42. Partitions of testis develop from, q)Tunicævasculosab) Tunic albuginea, vaginalis d) Rete testis, c)Tunica, 43. Uterus masculinus is present in, a) Male sex, b) Female sex, c) Hermaphrodite, , animals, , d) a and b, , 44. Inhibin and ABP are secreted by, b) Sertolicells, a) Leydig cells, c) Rete testis, d) Epididymis, 45. Libido is maintained by, a) Leydig cells, b) Epididymis, c) Sertoli cells, d) Prostate gland, 46. Decapiciation of sperms occur in, a) Sertoli cells, b) Epididymis, c) Vagina, d) Penis

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47. Prostaglandinpresent in seminal fluid stimulates, a) Sperm motality, b) Ejaculationof spernls, c) Sperm viability, d) Vaginalcontraction to bring fusion of gametes, 48. Tyson's glands are found, a) Around the testis, b) Around the penis, c) In the skin of glans penis, , d) Around prostate gland, 49. Smegma is secretion of, a) Phallic gland, b) Tyson's glands, c) Prostate gland, , d) Perineal gland, , 50. Liquification of coagulated semen is made to, increase mobility of sperms by, a) Fibrinogen, b) Fibrolysin, c) Prostaglandin, d) Acid phosphotase, 51. Seminal fluid has a PH of about, a) 5.6.OO, b) 6.00, c) 7.4, d) 8.00, 52. Count of sperms in semen below normal level is, called, b) Azospermy, a) Oligospermy, d) Impotency, c) Microspermy, 53. The functional unit of testis of man is, b) Leydig cells, a)Sperms, d) Seminiferous tubules, c) Sertoli cells, , Human Female Reproductive Syste, 54. Ovaries are attached to the uterus by means of, b) Mesoarchium, a) Mesovarium, d) Mesoderm, c) Peritoneium, 55. The free end of oviduct is called, b) Fimbrae, a)Ampulla, c)Infundibulum d) Ostium, 56. Fertilization occursin, b) Uterus, a) Infundibulum, c) Fallopian tube, d) Ampulla of oviduct, 57. The circular gap or reccess that lies between the, cervix and vaginal wall is called, a) Fornix, b) Fenstra, d) Clitoris, c) Vestibule, 58. External genitalia of 'female is called, b) Vulva, a) Vagina, d) Vaginal orifice, c) Vestibule, , 59. Vaginal orifice, urethral orifice and clitoris are, protected in, b) Labia minora, a) Labia majora, d) Pelvis, c)Vulva

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60. Name the structure in female genitalia which is, homologous to penis of male, b) Clitoris, a) Fornix, d) Labial folds, c) Hymen, 61. Mesovarium referes to, , a) A peritoneal folds that connect ovaries with, kidneys, , b) A peritoneal fold that connect ovaries with, fallopian tubes, c) A ligament that connects ovaries with uterus, , d) A peritoneal fold that connects ovaries with, dorsal body wall, 62. Graafian follicles are found in, a) Ovary of mammals b) Ovary of frog, c) Uterus of mammals d) None of these, 63. Young girls at puberty begin to, a) Response to estrogen stimulation, b) Response to progesterone stimulation, c) Response to growth hormone, d) 'a' and 'b', , 64. In virginal female the vaginal orifice is partly, coverdby, a) Clitoris, b)Hymen, c) Hilus, d) Hilium, 65. Bartholins glands are located, a) On either side of glans penis of male, b) At the base of prostate of male, c) On lateral wall of vestibule of female, d) Around the clitoris of female, 66. Urethral and vaginal orifice opens on, a) Cervix, b) Vestibule, c)Vagina, d) Labial folds, 67. Main function of corpus luteum is, a) Facilitate fertilization b) Facilitate ovulati011, c) Secrete progesterone d) Secrete estrogen, 68. The development of secondary sexual characters, in woman is controlled by, a) Estrogen, b) Oxytocin, c) Progesterone, d) Testosterone, 69. Vgina in female sex is, a) Primary sex organ, b) Secondary sex organ, c) Secondary sexual character, d) Accessory sex organ, , 70. Secondaryoocyteis, a) Primordial cells, c) Diploid cells, , b) Haploid cells, d) Mature ovum

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Reproduction, , in lower, , and higher, , animals, , (2., , 71. Eggs from ovary are released in, b) Vagina, a) Fallopian tube, d) Coelom, c) Uterus, 72. Ovaries lies, a) Dorsal to kidney, , b) Ventralto kidney, c) Lateral to kidney, d) Reteroperitoneal in coelom., 73. Antrium is present in, b) Blastula, a) Morula, c) Graffian follicle, , d) Gastrula, , 74. Fallopian tubes are internally lined by, a) Cuboidal epithelium, b) Squamous, , epithelium, , c) Ciliated epithelium, d) Transitional epithelium, 75. Mammaryglands are modified., a)Sebaceous, glands b) Sweat glands, d) Perineal glands, c) Lymphatic glands, , 76. Primordialfollicles are formed in the overy of, femaleduring, a) Her child hood, b) Puberty, d) At the time of birth, c) Foetallife, 77. During the reproductive life, how many mature, folliclesare produce by a female?, a)200, b) 400, c) 600, d) 800, 78. Degenerative follicles are called, a) Atrefied, b) Corpus albicans, c) Corpus luteum, , d) Cumulus., , 79. Whichof the following part of female reproductive, system is called as womb?, , a) Ovaries, b) Fallopian tubes, c) Uterus, d) Vagina, 80. Uterus of female reproductive system is, a) Primary sex organ, b) Secondary sex organ, c) Internal sex organ, d) Accessory sex organ, 81. Which one is odd one?, a) Ureter, b) Fallopian tube, c) Uterus, d) Vagian', 82. Germinalepithelium of ovary internally lined by, a) Reticular connective tissue, b) Elastic cartilage, c) Fibrous connective tissue, d) None of these, 83. Follicogenesis, involves, a) Developmentof ovary, b) Formation of follicles

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c) Ovulation, d) Activation of secondary oocyte, 84. In female which of the following type of follicles, develop in the ovary at the time of puberty?, a) Primary, b) Primordial, c) Secondary, d) Tertiary, 85. Follicular cells present around the ovum are called, , a) Discusproligerous, , b) Cumulusoophrus, , c) Corona radiata, , d) a and b, , 86. Yellowbody is present in, a)Ovary, c) Secondary oocyte, , b) Graafian follicle, , d) Mature ovum, , 87. Fallopian tubes are suspended in the abdominal, cavityby, a)Meso_salpinax b) Mesoorchium, d) Mesovarium, c) Mesometrium, 88. Internal os and external os are present in., , a)Oviduct, , b) Uterus, , c) Cervix, , d) Vagina, , 89. The medium of vagina is highly acidic due to, presence of, b) HCI, a) Lactobacilli, d) Fungi, c) Glycogen, 90. Corpus albicans is, a) Connective tissue present in the ovary, b) Whitish scar present in the vagina, c) Whitsh body formed by degeneration of corpus, luteum, , d) Uterian milk secreted by uterus, 91. Muscle coat of oviduct consists of, a) Radial and circular muscles, b) Longitudinal and circular muscles, c) Longitudinal and oblique muscles, d) Radial and oblique muscles,, 92. In the stroma of the ovary which type of protein is, present?, a) Collagen, b) Albumin, c) Globulin, d) Fibrin, 93. Ostium is an opening present in, a)Ovary, b) Fallopian funnel, c) Uterus, d) Vagina, , 94. Removalof both, the ovaries in women result in, decrease of, a) Gonadotropic, releasing factor, b) Prolactin, c) Oxytocin, d) Estrogen

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Reproductionin lower and higher animals, , (2.28), , P L? n MHT-CET, 106.The shortest phase in menstrual cycle is:, , Menstrual Cycle, 95. The process of shedding of the endothelial lining, of the uterus is called, , a)Menopause, , b) Menstruation, , c) Estrous cycle, d) Puberty, 96. The human female shows menstruation at regular, , intervals right from, a) Infant of puberty, b) Puberty to pregnancy, c) Menopause to puberty, d) Puberty to menopause, 97. Menstruation indicates the, a) Presenceof pregnancy, , Gametogenesis, 108. A parro cen rro es are oun In w, sperm ?, a) Acrosome, b) Head, c) Neck, , 99. During proliferative phase estrogen hormone acts as, , a) Distructiveto endometrium, c) Stimulator to Follicles, d) Stimulator to FSH, 100. During ovulatory phase the level of, a) FSH increases, b)LH increases, , d) FSH decreases, , 101. Longest phase of menstrual cycle is, a) Distructive phase, , b) Repair phase, , c) Ovulatory pahse, , d) Secretory phase, , 102. Which one of the following hormone is produced, in the human female, if a pregnancy has occured ?, a) Estrogen, , a) Inducing formation of cone of reception in, oocyte, , b) Secreting sperm lysin to dissolve covering, membrane of ovum, , c) Stimulating oocyte to dissolve covering, d) Activating the oocyte to fuse with the sperm, 111. Decapaciation factor present on head of sperm is, removed by, a) Lytic enzyme, , of acrosome, , b) Estrogen hormone of female, c) Testosterone hormone of male, d) Androgen hormone of male, , 112. During spermatogenesis meiosis occur in, a) Sperm mother cells, b) Primary spermatocyte, c) Secondary spermatocyte, d) Spermatid, , 113.Conversion of spermatid into spermatozoais, , b) Progesterone, , called, , c) Lutinizing, d) Chorionic gonadotropin, 103. Menopause is a stage in female when, a) Menstruation, , is on peak, , b) Reproductive, , capacity ends, , a) Spermatogenesis, , c) Pregnancy occurs, d) Lactation period of mother, 104. Uterine glands and uterine endometrium grows, and increases in size during, , c) Proliferative phase, , b) Phosphatase, , c) Lytic enzyme, d) Lipase, 110. Acrosome of sperm helps in fertilization by, , membrane of ovum, , b) Constructive to endometrium, , phase, , d) Middle piece, , a) Sulphate enzymes, , d) Maturity, 98. During proliferative phase level of, a) LH increases, b) LTHincreases, c) GTH increases, d)FSH increases, , a) Pre menstrual, , region of, , 109. Acrosomeof sperm contains, , b) Absence of pregnancy, c) Supression of pregnancy, , c) LH decreases, , a) Menstrual phase, b) Ovulatory phase, c) Secretory phase, d) Proliferative phase, 107. During ovulation female gamete release at which, stage?, a) Oogonium, b) Primary oocyte, c) Secondary oocyte, d) Mature ovum., , b) Post menstrual, , phase, , d) Ovularoty phase, , 105. Menstrual cycle occurs in:, b) Eutherian animals, a)Allmammals, c) Metatherian animals d) Except primates, , c) Gametogenesis, Spermatids are, a) Haploid, c) Motile cells, , b) Spermiogenesis, d) Karyokinesis, , b) Diploid, d) Functional sperms, , 115. Correct sequence of cell stages in spermatogenesis is, , a) Spermatogonia, spermatocytes, spermatids,, spermatozoa, , b) Spermatocytes, spermatogonia, spermatids,, spermatozoa, , c) Spermatogonia, spermatids, spermatocytes,, spermatozoa, d) Spermatocytes, spermatids, spermatogonia,, spermatozoa

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116.How many secondary spermatocytes are required, to form 400 sperms?, b) 200, a) 100, c) 300, , d) 400, , 117.Majority of mammalian spermatozoa acquired, capaciationin, a) Epididymis, c) Seminal vesicle, , b) Vasa deferntia, d)Vagina, , 128. How many sperms and ova will be produced from, , 25 primary spermatocytes and 25 primary oocyte, , respectively, a) 100 sperms and 100 ova, b) 100 sperms and 50 ova, c) 100 sperms and 25 ova, d) 50 sperms and 25 ova, , 129.The cells of corona radiata are glued together by, b) Hyaluronic acid, a) Hyaluronidase, 118.The transparent layer found around the outer, d) Fertilizin, c) Lytic enzymes, surface of a developing ovum is, 130. Fertilizin is a chemical substance produced from, b) Zona pellucida, a) Zona radiata, b) Polar bodies, a) Matureegg, d) Vitelline membrane, c) Theca interna, d) Acrosome of sperm, c) Germ disc, 119.Oocyteis protected upto fertilization by, 131. During oogenesis polar bodies are fomed by, b) Corona radiata, a) Zone pellucida, b) Mitosis, a) Amitosis, d) none of these, and'b', c)'a', d) Cytokinesis, c) Meiosis, 120.The membrane investing the ovum just next to the, is, 132. Which of the following absent in human ovum., membrana granulosa is, b) Centrosome, a) Centromere, b) Theca interna, a) Zona pellucida, d) Ribosome, c) Mitochondria, c) Vitelline membrane d) Discus proligerous, 133.Chemicalsubstance present on the surface of, 121.The corona radiata present around ovum is, sperm is, b) Fibrous, a)Mmebranous, b) Antifertilizin, Hyalouronidase, a), d) Non- cellular, c) Cellular, d) Capiciation, c) Fertilizin, 122.The stage of oogenesis which enters meiosis for, 134. Breaking of acrosome membrane is, first meiotic division is called, b) Activation, a) Agglutination, b) Polocyte, a)Oogonium, d) Decapiciation, c) Capiciation, d) Secondary oocyte, c) Primary oocyte, 135. 5 oogonia yield 10 primary oocyte, then how many, 123.Spermatocytogenesis refers to, ova are produced on completion of oogenesis, a) Initiation of spermatogenesis, b) 10, spermatozoa, b) Converation of spermatids into, d) 40, c) 20, c) Growth of spermatocytes by accumulation of, food into the cytoplasm, EmbryonicDevelopment, d) Degenerationof spermatocytes, 124.If formed sperms are not ejaculated then, a) They get distroyed in the epididymis, Fertilization, b) They get absorbed in vasa deferntia, c) They causes infertility, 136. The initial step in the activation of ovum during, the process of fertilization is the, d) They inhibit spermatogenesis, 125.The number of chromosomes in ovum get halved, a) Penetration of sperm in the egg, during, b) Formation of fertilization cone, a) Growth phase, c) Fertilizin antifertilizin reaction, b) Meiosis Il, d) Formation of the fertilization membrane, c) Formationof first polar body, 137.The final event in the process of fertilization is, d) Formation of second polar body, a) Fusion of gametes, b) Egg activation, 126.Nebenkern is a part of, c) Amphimixis, d) Coitus, a) Human ovum, b) Human sperm, 138. Acrosomal reaction occurs during, c) Foetus, d) Placenta, a) Copulation, b) Fertilization, 127.What is essential for the motality of sperm?, c), Insemination, a) Acrosomal cap, filament, d) Migration of sperms, b) Axial, c) Centrioles, , d) Mitochondria

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139.During fertilization two cells fuse, yet the, blastomeres of zygote contains the same number, of chromosomesas in all body cells because, a) Meiosis occur during cleavage, b) Gametesare diploid, c) Chromosomesare absent in sperm, d) Meiosis occur during gametogenesis., 140. The region where sperm enters is called, b) Receptor cone, a) Animal pole, d) Penetration cone, c) Vegetal pole, 141. On fertilization of egg with sperms, , a) First maturation division is completed, b) Secondmaturation division is completed, c) Polar bodies are formed, d) Embryo is formed., 142. Polyspermy is avoided by, a) Formation of fertilization membrane, b) Fertilizin antifertilizin reaction, c) Formation of fertilization cone, d) Species specificity of the sperm, 143. Acrosome reaction in sperm is trigged by, a) Release of lysine, , b), , c)Influx, ofNa+, , d) Release of fertilizin, , Blastulation And Implantation, 149.The cells of the trophoblast which are in, connection with inner mass are called, a) Germ disc, b) Cells of Rauber, c) Germ hill, d) Amniotic cells, 150. Process of blastulation is completed in about, a) 2 to 3 days of fertilization, b) 5 to 6 days of fertilization, c) 10 to 15 days of fertilization, d) 15 to 20 days fertilization, 151. Implantation of the embryo in the uterus occur., a) Immediately after fertilization, b) Before completion of blastulation, c) Along with blastulation, d) After completion of blastulation, , Capiciation, , Cleavage, 144. In human, the cleavageis, a) Macroblastic, b) Holoblastic complete, , c) Holoblastic incomplete, d) Holoblastic unequal, , 145. The cleavage process occurs in, a) Anterior part of oviduct, b) Posterior part of oviduct, c) Uterus, d) Cervix, 146. Human morula is characterized by, a) Absence of cavity, b) Presence of cavity, c) Differentation of blastomers, d) a and c, , 147. When cleavage furrow passes, through the centre,, from animal pole to vegetal pole, it, is called, a) Meridional, b) Latitudinal, c) Radial, d) Spiral, 148. How many cleavages are required for, formation, of sixteen celled embryo?, a) Three, b) Five, d) Four, c) Eight, , 152.During implantation, which hormone plays, important role, a) Estrogen, , b) Progestrone, d) HGH, 153.Zona pellucida disintegrate, a) Before fertilization, b) After fertilization, c) During, , cleavage, , d) During completion of blastulation, 154. During implantation Villi are produced from, a) Embryonal knob, b) Trophoblast, c) Cytotrophoblast, d) Syncytiotrophoblast, 155. Nidation refers to, a) Blastulation, b) Implantation, , c) Gastrulation, , d) Organogenesis, , Gastrulation, Embryonic, Membranes, Fate Of Three Germ, Layers, 156, Gastrula encloses a cavity called, a) Blastocoel, b) Coelenteron, c) Archenteron, d) Yolksac, 157. Mammalian primitive, streak give rise to, a) Ectoderm, b) Mesoderm, , c) Endoderm, d) 'a' and 'b', 158. Which of the following, germ layer is formedbY, , delamination of cells from the inner mass, a) Ectoderm, b) Endoderm, c) Mesoderm, d) Extramesoderm

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159. Mesoderm proliferate from, a) Caudal end of embryonic disc, b) Embryonal knob, c) Cephalic end of embryonic disc, d) Inner mass of the cells, , 169. Human embryo will be called as a Foetus after, a) Two months, b) Four months, c) Six months, d) Seven months, 170. The first organ developed during pregnancy is, a) Brain, b) Heart, 160.The extraembryonicmembranes of mammalian, c) Lungs, d) Liver, , embryoare derived from, , b) Inner mass of cells, a) Trophoblast, d) Primitive streak, c) Formative cells, 161. Which one of the following serves as embryonic, urinary bladder?, b) Chorion, a)Amnion, d) Allantois, c) Yolksac, 162. Coelom is formed by splitting of, a) Mesoderm proper, b) Extra embryonic mesoderm, c) Endoderm, , d) Ectoderm, 163. Amniogenic cells forms the, a) Roof of amniotic cavity, b) Floor of amniotic cavity, c) Later wall of amniotic cavity, d) Amniotic fluid, 164. Which set of structures is ectodermal in orgin?, a) Epidermis, brain, retina, b) Brain Liver gills, c) Epidermis,, , spinal cord, heart, , d) Dermis, lungs, Adrenal, , cortex, , 165. Which of the following is derived from endoderm, a) Lungs, Liver, thyroid, b) Heart, lungs, thyroid, c) Lungs, liver, enemal, d) Eyes, urinary bladder, liver, 166. Enemal and dentine of teeth are, a) Ectodermal in orgin, b) Mesodermal in origin, c) Ectodermal and mesodermal _inorigin, respectively, d) Ecto and endodermal in origin respectively, 167. Eustachian tube is formed from, a) Ectoderm, b) Mesoderm, c) Endoderm, d) Ecto-endoderm, , Pregnancy, 168.Gestation is the period between, a) Birth and puberty, b) foetus forming and being born, c) Fertilization and the birth of the baby, d) Fertilization and implanation, , 171.During gestation, heart sound of developing, foetus can be heard., a) In second week, b) In third week, d) In fifth week, c) In fourth week, 172. Function of corpus luteum is take over by placenta, during which week of gestation, a) 5th, , b) 12 th, , C) 20th, , d) 24 th, , Placenta, 173. Presence of placenta is a characteristics of, a) Reptiles, , b) Birds, c) Eutherian mammals, d) Prototherian mammals., 174.In human beings, placenta is developed from, b) Allantois, a)Amnion, d) All of thes, c) Chorion, 175. Villi of human placenta develop from, b) Amnion, a)Chorion, d) Yolksac, c) Allantois, , Parturition, 176. Labour pain is induced by, a) Prostaglandin, , from placenta, , b) Oxytocin from pituitary gland of mother, c) Oxytocin and prostaglandin from mother, d) a and b, 177. First stage of parturition is, b) Expuléion, a) Dialation, d) Induced labour, c) After birth, 178. The stage of parturition during which placenta and, remains of umbilical cord is expelled, called, b) After birth, a) Expulsion, d) Dialation, c) Before birth, , Lactation, 179. Synthesis of milk inhibited by, a) High level of estrogen in the blood, b) Low level of estrogen in the blood, c) Low level of oxytocin in the blood, d Low level of ro esterone in the blood

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80. Colostrum is rich with, , a) Protein, b) Antibodies, c) Antigens, d) a and b, , ReproductiveHealth, 181. Currently launched programme in India regarding, reproductive health is, a) NRHM, , b) NPP, c) RCH, , d) Janani suraksha yojana, , Population Explosion And, , Birth Control, 182. Corrective method of birth control is, a) Sterilization, b) Abortion, c) Use of contraceptives d) Education, 183. Pills as contraceptive is used for, a) Blockingfallopian tubes, , b) Preventing ovulation, c) Killing sperm in vagina, d) Delaying ovulation, 184.„Sterilizationis a technique used as, a) Correctivemethod of birth control, b) Contraceptivemethod of birth control, c) Preventive method of birth control, d) Abstinencemethod of birth control, 185. Removal of a segment surgically and ligation of, its ends of male reproductiveducts known as, a) Tubectomy, , b) Vasectomy, c) Hysterectomy, d) Gonadectomy, 186. MTP means, , a) Medically transferable pregnancy, b) Medicallytemporary pregnancy, c) Medical termination of pregnancy, d) Multiple temporary pregnancy, 187. WHO observe every year 11th July as, , a) Worldshealth day, b) Worlds immunization day, c) Worlds population day, d) Worlds environmental day

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188. The term leproscopy refers to, a) Removal of uterus, b) Cutting and ligation of oviducts, c) Fitting of copper T, d) Removal of ovaries, 189. The technique used for invitro fertilization of egg, and inserted into oviduct is called, b) ZIFT, a) GIFT, d) IVF., c) ICSI, 190. Prenatal defects in the foetus can be detected by, b) Endoscopy, a) Laproscopy, d) MRI, c) Amniocentesis, 191. MTP is safe upto, a) 21 weeks, b) 12 weeks, c) 24 weeks, d) 30 weeks, , 192.Coitus interruption method of birth control, involves, a) No intercourse, b) Withdrawl of penis just before male ejaculates, c) Application of cream in vagina before coitus, d) Use of foam, , during coitus., , 193. The term infanticide refers to, a) A condition of dwarfism, , b) killing of live foetus before birth, c) killing of baby after birth, , d) Pre mature birth of the baby, 194. Depo, , provera, , refers to, , a) Oral contraceptive, b) Injectable contraceptive, , c) Intrauterine device, , d) Implant, , 195. What is correct about test tube baby?, a) Invivo fertilization and and growth in test tube, b) Invitro fertilizationand growth in the womb, of mother, c) Taking care of premature baby in the incubatOr, d) Invivo fertilization and growth in the womb Of, surrogate mother., 196. ARTis mainly used to, a) Solve the problem of infertility, b) Produce test tube baby, c) Find out foetal abnormalites, d) Artificial insemination, 197. Ions released from copper T;, a) Prevent ovulation, b) Suppress sperm motality, c) Prevent implanatation, d) Kills sperms

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SexuallyTransmitted Diseases :, (STD), 198.Causative agent of syphilis is, b) Virus, a) Bacterium, d) Fungus, c) Protozoan, 199.Whichof the following is not STD, a) Syphilis, b) Gonorrhoea, c) Q Fever, d) Chancroid, 200.Gonorrhoea is a, a) Bacterial diseases, b) Veneral disease, c) STD, d) All of these, 201.Neonatalopthalmia is found among children born, from, a) Mothers infected by gonorrhoea, , b) Mother's infected by syphilis, c) Mothers infected by AIDS, , d) Mothers infected by trichomoniasis, , 202.Whichof the following statement is incorrect, regarding gonorrhoea?, a) It is caused by diplococcus bacterium, b) The bacterium passes through sexual contact, c) It is caused by Herpes simplex, d) All of these, 203. Vaccineagainst which STD is produced by r DNA, technology., a) Syphilis, b) Chancroid, c) AIDS, , d) Hepatitis, , B, , 204. Select the option including all sexually, transmitted diseases., [NEET-20201, a) AIDS,Malaria, Filaria, b) Cancer,AIDS,Syphilis, c) Gonorrhoea,Syphilis, Genital herpes, d) Gonorrhoea,Malaria, Genital herpes, , 205. Meiotic division, of the secondary oocyte is, completed, , [NEET-2020J, , a) After zygote formation, b) At the time of fusion of a sperm with an ovum, c) Prior to ovulation, d) At the time of copulation

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Human Reproduction, , 1 (a), , (Bio-2.34), , 3 (b), , 2, , 4 (d), , 5, , (c), , p L? n MHT-CET, , (c), , 7 (b), , 8 (b), , 15 (d), , 16 (b), , 17 (c), , (c), , 26 (c), , 6, , 9, , (b), , 10 (c), , 18 (c), , 19 (a), , 20 (d), , 27 (d), , 28 (c), , 29 (b), , 30, , 11 (d), , 12 (d), , 13, , 14 (c), , 21 (c), , 22 (a), , 23 (b), , 24, , 31 (b), , 32 (a), , 33 (a), , 34 (c), , 35 (b), , 36 (a), , 37 (c), , 38 (c), , 39 (b), , 40 (b), , 41 (b), , 42 (b), , 43 (a), , 44 (b), , 45 (a), , 46, , 47 (d), , 48, , (c), , 49 (b), , 50 (b), , 51 (c), , 52 (a), , 53 (d), , 54 (a), , 55, , (c), , 56 (d), , 57 (a), , 58 (b), , 59 (b), , 60 (b), , 61 (d), , 62 (a), , 63, , (a), , (b), , 65, , (c), , 66 (b), , 67 (c), , 68 (a), , 69 (b), , 70 (b), , 71 (d), , 72 (b), , 73, , (c), , 74 (c), , 75 (b), , 76 (c), , 77 (b), , 78 (a), , 79 (c), , 80 (b), , 81 (a), , 82, , (c), , 83 (b), , 84 (c), , 85 (d), , 86 (b), , 87 (a), , 88 (c), , 89, , 90, , 91, , 92 (a), , 93 (b), , 94 (d), , 95 (b), , 96 (d), , 97 (b), , 98 (d), , 99 (b), , 101 (d), , 102 (b), , 103 (b), , 104 (a), , 105 (b), , 106 (b), , 107 (c), , 108 (c), , 109, , (c), , 110 (b), , 111 (b), , 112 (b), , 113 (b), , 114 (a), , 115 (a), , 116 (b), , 117 (d), , 118 (b), , 119, , (c), , 120, , 121 (c), , 122 (c), , 123 (c), , 124 (b), , 125 (c), , 126 (b), , 127 (b), , 128 (c), , 129 (b), , 130 (a), , 131 (c), , 132 (b), , 133 (b), , 134 (a), , 135 (b), , 136 (a), , 137 (c), , 138 (b), , 139 (d), , 140 (b), , 141 (d), , 142 (a), , 143 (c), , 144 (b), , 145 (b), , 146 (d), , 147 (a), , 148 (d), , 149 (b), , 150 (b), , 151 (c), , 152 (b), , 153 (d), , 154 (d), , 155 (b), , 156 (c), , 157 (b), , 158 (b), , 159 (a), , 160 (a), , 161 (d), , 162 (b), , 163 (a), , 164 (a), , 165 (a), , 166 (c), , 167 (c), , 168 (c), , 169 (a), , 170 (a), , 171 (d), , 172 (b), , 173 (c), , 174 (c), , 175 (a), , 176 (d), , 177 (a), , 178 (c), , 179 (a), , 180, , 181 (c), , 182 (b), , 183 (b), , 184 (c), , 185 (b), , 186 (c), , 187 (c), , 188 (b), , 189 (b), , 190 (c), , 191 (b), , 192 (b), , 193 (b), , 194 (b), , 195 (b), , 196 (a), , 197 (b), , 198 (a), , 199 (c), , 200 (d), , 201 (a), , 202 (c), , 203 (d), , 204 (c), , 205, , 206 (b), , 207 (c), , 208 (c), , (c), , 25, , (b), , (a), , (c), , (c), , 100 (b)