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ar en, > AA te ES SAD ar sel eae tee, , ain tay te ATE eh PN, a} a », , , , , Transition from the Medieval to the Modern, , , , * Literature changed from the oral to the written, + In written literature, the focus shifted from the text to the reader., + In oral literature, the text has a life of its own; it changes as it 1s, , transmiitied from listencrto listener., , « In ora! cultures, the author end listener are not distinctly, separated (listeners become zuthers when bring changes to the, poem that they transmit orally) > ‘, , + inthe age of written literature, scribes ccpied down texts, which oy, was an expensive effair since very few people could read 2, write, let alone copy books!, , * Who will read 2 macuscript was more important than;, , it, and book dicated, , , , , , , , , , , , 1A = tie = oN aa as, , , , , , The 14th century: a dark epoch, , * The corruptions, injustices and ignorance of the Middle, Ages were piling themselves ever higher —, , * Black Death, having devoured half the population, was, still hovering visibly like a terrible vulture over the, , country, , * Noble-men and gentry heard in indignant bewilderment, the sullen murmur of peasants awakening into outright, —_—_—, , rebellion, , * Intellectual life was dead or dying, not only in’, universities, but throughout the land é, , , , , , , , , , , , , Pe tee nae Ae, , , , , , , , , , WES guktedad Te Nae, , An early 14° century Latin manuscript, , , , , , , , , , , , "y EE Fines oe a Eres see trin elon _ pe LS 4 |, , Transition from Middle Ages to Modern, , + With printin , anonymity gave way to authorship, * The author becomes important, + The values of self-expression and originality are upheld, + English established as a literary language, + Translations, adaptations, and imitations appeared from, , , , , , , d, pom Lncorf, , , , I : SST, | coe ie eis ss SUE x Rd eer SOs es go a aa SO IE, Period of Chaucer, , =, , * In Chaucer's youth, England at the height of glory H, , / * Victories in the Hundred Years War 3, * Patriotic poetry 5, , | TROUBLES, , * Black Death; attacks of bubonic plague 1348-76, Economictroubles, , Serfdom changed to wage system ~, Seven Yrs’ War with France—disastrous, Peasants’ Revolt—1381 _ ees, , , , : —

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Comprehension Questions, Chapter 5: Chaucer and His Contemporaries, , 4 @) What does Black Death refer to? y) Fare, » An, 2. How many dream allegories has Chaucer written? Name them.tAe “#07 | i Cats of ae, 3. In which medieval allegory do Dowel, Dobet and Dobest figure? Thc Saou of Jre2s for Ploema has land, , 4. Who was the most accomplished courtier anne Catieet’s contemporaries and which work did Chaucer, dedicate to him? Tacilus ¢ Uicby de, , How many pilgrims are pen-pictured in The Prologue? a \, , How does The Canterbury Tales end? why Oy ‘Arise ~% he Yo of, J, , In which dream allegory by Chaucer does the narrator reach a desert and is carried off by a talking eagle?” Canes, , At the beginning of The General Prologue, Chaucer says that palmers are eager to seek strange shores of distant, Saints famous in many lands. What did the Palmers carry when they returned from the Holy Land? Pal Be, , 2 Kary, 9. Which age in English history is known as ‘a dark epoch’? Ada Cewdunty ; drmmeifiow Prom Mare dle He bo, , Wo ©, , 10. Chaucer’s father wasa Winnie, moth, , 11. In which period did English literature change from the oral to the written? Are ) olty, , 12. aw eh tosaks tf Chanter fA, 2. Why are the Chaucerians called so? Puy pa ii fart tvs 1 f Resi fr - f B, 13. In which dream allegory by Chaucer is the goddess of Nature a character? Tae Porvlamet, , 14. Which work of the 14" c is written in the form of a dialogue between the poet- lover and a goddess? Covfusio- Ads, , 3G, , 15. Who was the most important writer in the 1" phase of Scottish Chaucerianism? fan 7 4 rs, 16. In what ways can James | be considered a Chaucerian? © «2c chem, alls Aabrd Grrtm aaypurd Boa be, , 17. Which Scottish Chaucerian was the first to write in the Scots idiom? A* 4ect Nomryson, , {18} What was Magna Carta (1215) about?, 19. To which period of Chaucer’s period does The Canterbury Tales belong? |4@4C ,, 20. Which story from The Canterbury Tales is retold by Shakespeare? Kt fy Tote boJws Vi bla Aner, 21. In The Prologue, which character is described “a lusty bachelor’ by Chaucer?4h_o~ BA pre, , oN DH, , 22. In The Prologue to The Canterbury Tales, whose name does the narrator regret not knowing? proba, , 23. The Franklin is called ah being pleasure-loving., (24) Who wrote the 14" century work which has 50 extant manuscripts in 3'versions?, , 25. How does Piers the Plowman appear early in the poem? As Abrx nrounrleny ged fe htt, 26. Which is the allegorical work by Gower? Spel mw Me cle farfss lf cnch ), , 27. At the beginning of The Book of the Duchess, what was the narrator “Saeheutosert asleep? awd, 28. Who among the following is not an Oxford (London) Reformer; More, Ly sate, Grocyn, Linacre?, , annem Palamon apd Arcite ya, HE Par pele of P, , 29. Which of the following pairs is / are incorrectly matched? Troilus and Criseyde — Fi, Teseida; The Temple of Glass — The Book of the Duchess; A Complaynt of a Loveres Lyfe —, , Fowles; The Canterbury tales — Decameron, Name the late medieval movement which was the forerunner of Reformation., 31) What is the word for writings that are ambiguous and are not considered genuine?, 32. The change in Se abe G of English long vowels that took place in the beginning of Renaissance is called, a

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a Satire of the Three Estates, by Scottish ee David, , Lindsay, a morality play first performed in I, , » morality play fst PE staes of HE, attacked corruption in all the three estates of the —, , society, + Estates Satire developed after this and became a, , dominant theatrical mode of late 16th c., , * Printing and growth of literac i, ed, (Remember Ascham’s The. Sch aes 2, . Benevolent Tudor governmen g. nry V Il), 7 Genente F t(1st king—He, : r lyot’ s The. Book of the Governor), , : Dats al hte, , lude, o amuse rather than, , grew into the the Interlude, , + Moralit, t of the social need | t, , - Born ou, instruct, , » Patronage of Henry VIII, , + Short, alleg orical, farcical pieces fillings i interval, , . Forerunner of regular drama, , - Example:, , The Four Ps (by John Heywood), Palmer, Pedlar, Pardoner, *Pothecary, , ———__

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ck to 12th century, : f saints, , . arrowin of Hell, St. Nicholas, aising of Lazarus, (last two by Hilarius), , e plays Mary and Nicholas are alw, ' pid as coming ——— Vays, Ps hesling the sil and protecting C, , aves, , " Mystery, Plays and Morality Play, ay, , Clical ¢, ‘ ramas Acted j, 'N Felation to religi, ous, , , , , , . York, Chester, Wakefield, E. Anglia (Coventrie) are, , main cycles, ; The Wakefield or Towneley cycle is the most, renowned for being freer and less religious in spirit,, thus being more dramatic, + pie play in the Wakefield cycle is The Second, Shepherd 's Play by Wakefield-Master ss, : Alater group of Mysteries is the Digby cyclett ER :, , slays; c. 1500), , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , ses » Examples: ., , : Everyman (Best known Morality) |, , a ] will go with thee and be thy guide,, Seems “pyerymal, 4 “, , on nost need to go by thy side, i, , nie collection of Moralities, , aysan interesting, , ', Progress of a single universal character, tle 2 Perseverance (, , cradle to the grave and sometimes beyon, yil, ete:, , ' Personified virtues and vices. God. De, , . The character of Vice Sees, * Most important character, * Took many roles ~ ', , * Acted by the most talented ac, , + Macro Pl, , tor in