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BK IAS ACADEMY PT 2022, , [3], , INDIAN POLITY - TEST, DAY - 1, Time Allowed: 30 mins, , 1. Consider the following statements, regarding the Preamble of the Indian, Constitution:, 1., , It is based on the ‘Objectives Resolution’,, drafted by Dr. B. R. Ambedkar., , 2., , It is a part of the Indian Constitution., , 3., , Since the time of adoption, it has been, amended two times., , 4., , The words Socialist, Secular, and, Republic were added by the 42nd, amendment., , Maximum Marks: 50, , 3., , (a) Parliament can change the name of the, state even without taking the view of, the State Legislature., (b) Parliament can create a new state out, of an existing state even against the, view of State Legislature., cannot, (c) Parliament, boundary of any state., , Which of the above statements is/are, correct?, (a) 1 and 3 only, , change, , 4., , (c) 1, 3 and 4 only, (d) 1, 2, 3 and 4, Consider the following statements, with respect to the term ‘Republic, ’mentioned in the Preamble of the, Indian Constitution:, , Consider the following statements, with respect to Indian Constitution?, 1., , The term ‘Judicial Review’ is mentioned, in Article 31B of the Constitution., , 2., , Ninth schedule was added by the 42nd, Constitutional Amendment Act., , 3., , In I.R. Coelho case (2007), the Supreme, Court removed the immunity of the, Ninth Schedule from Judicial Review., , 1., , In a Republican system, the Head of, the State is elected., , Which of the above statements is/are, correct?, , 2., , Every democratic country is also a, republic., , (a) 1 only, , 3., , In the Presidential form of Government,, the Head of the State is indirectly, elected while in a Republic, the Head, of the State is directly elected., , Which of the above statements is/are, correct?, , the, , (d) All of the above, , (b) 2 only, , 2., , Which of the following statements, is correct regarding the powers of, Parliament under Article 3?, , (b) 3 only, (c) 1 and 3 only, (d) 2 and 3 only, 5., , Which of the following is not a criterion, for acquiring Citizenship in India?, , (a) 1 only, , (a) Age of an applicant, , (b) 1 and 2 only, , (b) Years of stay in India, , (c) 2 and 3 only, , (c) Birthplace of an applicant, , (d) 1, 2 and 3, , (d) Origin country of a person

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857, , 4 BK IAS PT 2022 POLITY & CONSTITUTION, , 6., , 8574308854, 9717108622, , Consider the following statements, regarding the Indian Constitution:, 1. Being a sovereign state, India can, neither acquire a foreign territory nor, cede a part of its territory in favour of, a foreign state., , 1., , The Act transferred the powers of the, East India Company to the British, Crown., , 2., , It ended the system of double, government by abolishing the Board of, Control and Court of Directors., , 2., , 3., , It created a new office of the Viceroy of, India, who was a member of the British, Cabinet., , The liberty conceived by the Preamble, or Fundamental Rights is not absolute, but qualified., , Which of the, incorrect?, , above, , statements, , are, , (a) 1 and 2 only, , (a) 1 only, , (b) 1 and 3 only, , (b) 2 only, , (c) 2 and 3 only, , (c) Both 1 and 2, , (d) 1, 2 and 3, , (d) Neither 1 nor 2, 7., , Consider the following statements, regarding parliamentary systems of, India and Britain:, 1. Britain has the system of legal, responsibility of the minister while, India has not., 2., , Indian system is not based on, the doctrine of the sovereignty of, Parliament., , Which of the above statements is/are correct?, (a) 1 only, , N. Gopalaswami, , 2., , Alladi Krishnaswami Ayyar, , 3., , D.P. Khaitan., , 4., , Sardar Patel, , Select the correct answer using the codes, given below:, (a) 1 and 2 only, , (d) 1, 2, 3, and 4, , (d) Neither 1 nor 2, Consider the following statements, with respect to the Government of, India Act 1935:, 1. It introduced dyarchy in the provinces., 2., , It further extended the principle of, communal representation., , 3., , It abolished the Council of India and, the post of secretary of state., above, , statements, , are, , (a) 1 and 2 only, (b) 2 and 3 only, (c) 1 and 3 only, (d) 1, 2 and 3, 9., , 1., , (c) 3 and 4 only, , (c) Both 1 and 2, , Which of the, incorrect?, , 10. Who among the following were the, members of the drafting committee of, the Constitution?, , (b) 1, 2, and 3 only, , (b) 2 only, , 8., , Which of the above statements are correct?, , Consider the following statements, with respect to the ‘Act for the Good, Government of India’:, , 11. Consider the following provisions:, 1., , It abolished the office of the Secretary, of State for India and transferred his, functions to the Secretary of State for, Commonwealth Affairs., , 2., , It designated the Governor-General, of India and the provincial governors, to act on the advice of their respective, Council of Ministers in all matters., , 3., , It discontinued the appointment to, civil services and reservation of posts, by the Secretary of State for India., , Which of the following Acts have the above, provisions?, (a) Government of India Act, 1935, (b) Cabinet Mission, (c) Indian Independence Act of 1947, (d) Cripps Mission

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BK IAS ACADEMY PT 2022, 12. Which of the following are the unitary, features of the Indian Constitution?, , [5], 16. Which of the following is considered as, the first written document relating to, the Fundamental Rights of citizens?, , 1., , Written Constitution, , 2., , Flexibility of the Constitution, , (a) US Constitution, , 3., , Single Citizenship, , (b) French Constitution, , 4., , All India Services, , (c) Spanish Constitution, (d) Magna Carta, , Select the correct answer using the code, given below:, (a) 1 and 2 only, (b) 1, 2 and 3 only, (c) 2, 3 and 4 only, (d) 1, 2, 3 and 4, 13. Which of the following statements is/, are correct regarding Union Territories, (UT) in India?, 1., , All the UTs have their representation, in Rajya Sabha at the center., , 2., , For a UT to become a state, a, constitutional amendment under, Article 368 is needed., , 3., , Delhi is the only UT having a Legislative, Assembly., , 17. “Basic Features” of the Constitutions, was first mentioned by the Supreme, Court in which of the following cases?, (a) GolakNath V State of Punjab, (b) KesavanandaBharati, Kerala, , V, , State, , of, , (c) Sajjan Singh V State of Rajasthan, (d) KihotoHollohan V Zachillhu, 18. Consider the following statements, regarding B N Rau:, 1., , He was the legal advisor to the, Constituent Assembly., , 2., , He prepared the draft of the, Constitution and presented it to the, Drafting Committee., , 3., , He was the first Indian to become a, judge at the International Court of, Justice., , Select the correct option using the code, given below:, (a) 1 only, , Which of the above statement is/are, correct?, , (b) 2 and 3 only, , (a) 1 only, , (c) 3 only, , (b) 1 and 3 only, , (d) None of the above, , (c) 2 and 3 only, , 14. Which of the following had proposed, the idea of the Constituent Assembly, for the first time?, (a) Motilal Nehru, (b) Mahatma Gandhi, (c) Khan AbdurGaffar Khan, (d) Manbendra Nath Roy, 15. The national flag was adopted by, Constituent Assembly on, , (d) 1, 2 and 3, 19. Consider the following pairs:, 1., , Advisory Committee, Sardar Patel, , on, , Minority:, , 2., , Provincial Constitution Committee:, Jawaharlal Nehru, , 3., , Union Powers, Kripalani, , Committee:, , J.B., , Which of the above pairs is/are correctly, matched?, , (a) 22 July 1947, , (a) 1 only, , (b) 22 August 1947, , (b) 2 only, , (c) 26 November 1947, , (c) 2 and 3 only, , (d) 15 August 1947, , (d) 1, 2 and 3

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857, , 6 BK IAS PT 2022 POLITY & CONSTITUTION, , 20. Match List-I with List-II:, List-I, (Features), , (a) 1 only, (b) 2 only, , List-II, (Source), , A. Concurrent List, , 1. Russia, , B. Ideal of justice, , 2. France, , C. Judicial review, , 3. USA, , D. Rule of Law, , 4. Britain, , (c) Both 1 and 2, (d) Neither 1 nor 2, 23. Consider the following statements, regarding the recent HDI report 2019:, , Select the correct answer using the code, given below:, A, , B, , C, , D, , (a) 2, , 4, , 3, , 1, , (b) 3, , 1, , 2, , 4, , (c) 2, , 1, , 4, , 3, , (d) 1, , 2, , 4, , 3, , 1., , This year’s title is “Beyond income,, beyond averages, beyond today”., , 2., , There are four indicators to calculate, HDI., , 3., , India is in second place amongst, SAARC members., , Which of the above statements is/are, correct?, (a) 1 only, (b) 1 and 2 only, , 21. Consider the following statements, regardingtheCitizenship(Amendment), Bill, 2019:, 1., , 8574308854, 9717108622, , The Act allows the specified class of, illegal migrants to apply for citizenship, by naturalization after the five years of, residency in India., , 2., , The provisions of the Bill are applicable, across the country., , 3., , The cutoff date for the immigration is, on or before December 31, 2014., , Which of the above statements is/are, correct?, (a) 1 only, , (c) 3 only, (d) 1, 2, and 3, 24. Consider the following statements:, 1., , Both Hong Kong and Macau returned, to Chinese control from Britain., , 2., , Their mini-Constitutions would remain, valid for 50 years i.e. till 2047., , Which of the above statements is/are, incorrect?, (a) 1 only, (b) 2 only, (c) Both 1 and 2, , (b) 2 only, , (d) Neither 1 nor 2, , (c) 2 and 3 only, (d) 1 and 3 only, 22. Consider the following statements:, 1., , The total of two seats are reserved for, the Anglo-Indians in both Lok Sabha, and State Legislatures., , 2., , This reservation was added to the, Constitution by the First Amendment, Act, 1951., , Which of the above statements is/are, incorrect?, , Skills, Build, platform, 25. Recently,, has been launched by which of the, following pairs?, (a) Ministry of Skill Development &, Entrepreneurship, IBM, (b) Ministry of Skill Development &, Entrepreneurship, IIT Bombay, (c) IIT Bombay, IBM, (d) IIT Gandhi, Finance, , **********, , Nagar,, , Ministry, , of

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BK IAS ACADEMY PT 2022, , [7], , ANSWER HINTS, DAY - 1, , 1., , Correct Option: (b), , •, , Therefore, the term ‘Republic’ in our, Preamble indicates that India has an, elected head called the President. He is, elected indirectly for a fixed period of five, years., , •, , A Republic also means two more things:, one, vesting of political sovereignty in, the people and not in a single individual, like a king; second, the absence of any, privileged class and hence all public offices, being opened to every citizen without any, discrimination., , Explanation:, Preamble of Indian Constitution, It is based on the ‘Objectives Resolution’,, drafted by Jawaharlal Nehru., •, , It has been amended only once, in 1976,, by the 42nd Amendment Act., , •, , In the Berubari Union case, 1960, the, Supreme Court stated that Preamble is not, a part of the Constitution., , •, , But, in 1973, in the Kesavananda, Bharati case, the Supreme Court held, that Preamble is a part of the Indian, Constitution. Hence, the current opinion, held by the Supreme Court that the, Preamble is a part of the Constitution is in, consonance with the opinion of the founding, fathers of the Constitution., , •, , 3., , Correct Option: (b), Explanation:, Article 3, •, , As per the article, Parliament may by law, , ➤ form a new state by separation of, , However, two things should be noted-, , territory from any state or by uniting, two or more states or parts of states, or by uniting any territory to a part of, any State, , ➤ The Preamble is neither a source of, power to legislature nor a prohibition, upon the powers of legislature., , ➤ It is non-justiciable, that is, its, , ➤ Increase the area of any state, , provisions are not enforceable in, courts of law., , 2., , ➤, , Diminish the area of any state, , Correct Option: (a), , ➤ Alter the boundaries of any state, , Explanation:, , ➤ Alter the name of any state, , Republic, •, , A democratic polity can be classified into two, categories viz. Monarchy and Republic., , •, , In a Monarchy, the head of the state, (usually king or queen) enjoys a hereditary, position, that is, he comes into office, through succession, e.g. Britain., , •, , In a Republic, on the other hand, the head, of the State is always elected directly or, indirectly for a fixed period, e.g. The USA., , •, , A bill contemplating the above changes, can be introduced in the Parliament only, with the prior recommendation of the, President., , •, , Before recommending the bill, the President, has to refer the same to the state legislature, concerned for expressing its views within a, specified period., , •, , However, the Parliament is not bound, on the views of the State Legislature.

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857, , 8 BK IAS PT 2022 POLITY & CONSTITUTION, , 4., , 8574308854, 9717108622, , Correct Option: (b), , parliamentary system. However, it never, became a replica of the British system and, differs in the following respects:, , Explanation:, Judicial Review, •, , The provisions of several Articles explicitly, confer the power of judicial review on, the Supreme Court and the High Courts,, but not mentioned anywhere in the, constitution., , •, , In a significant judgment delivered in I.R., Coelho case (2007), the Supreme Court, ruled that there could not be any blanket, immunity from judicial review of laws, included in the Ninth Schedule., , •, , 5., , ➤ India has a republican system in place, of the British monarchical system. In, other words, the Head of the State in, India (that is, President) is elected,, while the Head of the State in Britain, (that is, King or Queen) enjoys a, hereditary position., , ➤ The British system is based on, the doctrine of the sovereignty of, Parliament, while the Parliament, is not supreme in India and enjoys, limited and restricted powers due to a, written Constitution, federal system,, judicial review, and Fundamental, Rights., , The Ninth Schedule was added by the, 1st Constitutional Amendment Act of, 1951., , Correct Option: (a), , ➤ Britain has the system of legal, , Explanation:, , responsibility of the, minister, while India has no such system., Unlike in Britain, the ministers in, India are not required to countersign, the official acts of the Head of the, State., , Citizenship in India, •, , •, , 6., , The age of an applicant is not a criterion, for acquiring citizenship in India either, under the Indian Constitution or under, Citizenship Act 1955 for acquiring, citizenship in India., , ➤ ‘Shadow cabinet’ is, , a, unique, institution of the British cabinet, system. It is formed by the opposition, party to balance the ruling cabinet, and to prepare its members for future, ministerial office. There is no such, institution in India., , It can be acquired by birth, registration,, descent, and Naturalization., , Correct Option: (a), Explanation:, 8., , Indian Constitution, •, , •, , •, , 7., , Liberty means the absence of restraints, on the activities of individuals, at the, same time providing opportunities for the, development of individual personalities., it doesn’t mean license to do what one likes, and has to be enjoyed within the limitations, mentioned in the constitution itself. The, liberty conceived by the preamble or, fundamental rights is not absolute but, qualified., India is neither a dependency nor a, dominion of any other nation, but an, independent state. Being a sovereign state,, India can either acquire a foreign territory, or cede a part of its territory in favour of a, foreign state., , Correct Option: (c), Explanation:, Parliamentary, Britain, •, , System, , of, , India, , Correct Option: (d), Explanation:, Government of India Act 1935, •, , It provided for the establishment of an AllIndia Federation consisting of provinces, and princely states as units. However, the, federation never came into being as the, princely states did not join it., , •, , It abolished dyarchy in the provinces, and introduced ‘provincial autonomy’ in its, place., , •, , It further extended the principle, of, communal, representation, by, providing separate electorates for, depressed classes (scheduled castes),, women and labour (workers)., , •, , It abolished the Council of India,, established by the Government of India Act, of 1858. The secretary of state for India, was provided with a team of advisors, but did not get abolished., , •, , It extended franchise. About 10 percent of, the total population got the voting right., , and, , The parliamentary system of government, in India is largely based on the British

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BK IAS ACADEMY PT 2022, , 9., , •, , It provided for the establishment of a, Reserve Bank of India., , •, , It provided for the establishment of not only, a Federal Public Service Commission but, also a Provincial Public Service Commission, and Joint Public Service Commission for, two or more provinces., , [9], •, , It was set up on 29 August 1947., , •, , At its first meeting on 30 th August 1947,, the Drafting Committee elected Dr. B.R, Ambedkar as its Chairman., , 11. Correct Option: (c), Explanation:, , •, , It provided for the establishment of a, Federal Court, which was set up in 1937., , •, , It introduced bicameralism in six out of, eleven provinces., , •, , •, , It provided for the adoption of dyarchy at, the Centre. However, this provision of the, Act did not come into operation at all., , It ended the British rule in India and, declared India as an independent and, sovereign state from August 15, 1947., , •, , It provided for the partition of India and, creation of two independent dominions of, India and Pakistan with the right to secede, from the British Commonwealth., , •, , It abolished the office of viceroy and, provided, for each dominion, a governorgeneral, who was to be appointed by the, British King on the advice of the Dominion, cabinet. His Majesty’s Government, in, Britain was to have no responsibility with, respect to the Government of India or, Pakistan., , •, , It empowered the Constituent Assemblies, of the two dominions to frame and adopt, any constitution for, their, respective, nations and to repeal any act of the British, Parliament, including the Independence, act itself., , •, , It empowered the Constituent Assemblies, of both the dominions to legislate for, their respective territories till the new, constitutions were drafted and enforced., No Act of the British Parliament passed, after August 15, 1947, was to extend to, either of the new dominions unless it was, extended thereto by a law of the legislature, of the dominion., , •, , It abolished the office of the Secretary of, State for India and transferred his functions, to the secretary of state for Commonwealth, Affairs., , •, , It proclaimed the lapse of British, paramountcy over the Indian, princely, states and treaty relations with tribal, areas from August 15, 1947., , Indian Independence Act, 1947, , Correct Option: (a), Explanation:, Government of India Act, 1858 (Act for the, Good Government of India), •, , The act transferred the powers of East, India Company to the British Crown., , •, , It provided that India henceforth was to, be governed by, and in the name of, Her, Majesty. It changed the designation of, the Governor-General of India to that, of Viceroy of India., , •, , Viceroy was the direct representative of, the British Crown in India. Lord Canning, thus became the first Viceroy of India., , •, , It ended the system of double, government by abolishing the Board, of Control and Court of Directors., , •, , It created a new office, Secretary of State, for India, vested with complete authority, and control over Indian administration., The secretary of state was a member of, the British cabinet and was responsible, ultimately to the British Parliament., , •, , It established a 15-member Council of India, to assist the secretary of state for India., The council was an advisory body. The, secretary of state was made the chairman, of the council., , •, , It constituted the secretary of state-incouncil as a body corporate, capable of suing, and being sued in India and in England., •, , 10. Correct Option: (b), Explanation:, Drafting committee:, •, , The Drafting Committee had seven, members: Alladi Krishnaswami Ayyar,, N. Gopalaswami; B.R. Ambedkar, K.M, Munshi, Mohammad Saadulla, B.L., Mitter and D.P. Khaitan., , It granted freedom to the Indian princely, states either to join the Dominion of India, or Dominion of Pakistan or to remain, independent., , •, , It provided for the governance of each, of the dominions and the provinces by, the Government of India Act of 1935, till, the new Constitutions were framed. The, dominions were however authorized to, make modifications in the Act.

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857, , 10 BK IAS PT 2022 POLITY & CONSTITUTION, , •, , •, , It designated the Governor-General of, India and the provincial governors to act, on the advice of the respective Council of, Ministers in all matters., It discontinued the appointment to civil, services and reservation of posts by the, Secretary of State for India., , 8574308854, 9717108622, , 14. Correct Option: (d), Explanation:, Constituent Assembly, •, , The idea of a constituent assembly for India, was proposed by ManabendraNath Roy, a, founder-member of the Communist Party, of India, in the year 1934., , •, , The proposal became a demand of the, Indian National Congress (INC) in 1935., The British accepted the proposal in 1940., , 12. Correct Option: (c), Explanation:, Features of Indian Constitution, Unitary features, •, , Strong Centre, , •, , Single Constitution., , •, , Flexibility of Constitution, , •, , Integrated judiciary, , •, , Single citizenship, , •, , Appointment of state governor by the, Centre, , •, , All-India Services,, , •, , Emergency provisions,, , •, , Veto over State Bills,, , •, , Parliament’s Authority over State List,, etc., , 15. Correct Option: (a), Explanation, Important, Assembly, , Division of powers (Schedule 7), , •, , Independent Judiciary, , •, , Bicameralism, , •, , Rigidity of the constitution, , •, , Supremacy of the Constitution, , •, , Written Constitution, etc., , Union Territories in India, •, , •, , •, , Out of the nine union territories, only, three (Delhi, J&K, and, Puducherry), have representation in Rajya Sabha. The, population of the other UTs are too small, to have any representation in the Rajya, Sabha., As union territories are placed under Article, 239-241, to confer statehood it requires a, normal amendment of constitution under, Article 2 to create a new state., Presently the union territories of J&K,, Puducherry, and Delhi are provided with, the Legislative Assembly and a council of, ministers headed by a chief minister., , the, , Constituent, , The National Flag of India was adopted, during the fourth session of the Constituent, Assembly on 22 July 1947., , •, , It ratified the India’s membership of the, Commonwealth in May 1949., , •, , It adopted the national anthem on January, 24, 1950., , •, , It adopted the national song on January, 24, 1950., , •, , It elected Dr. Rajendra Prasad as the first, President of India on January 24, 1950., , 16. Correct Option: (d), Explanation:, Magna Carta, •, , ‘Magna Carta’ is the Charter of Rights, issued by King John of England in 1215, under pressure from the barons., , •, , This is the first written document relating, to the Fundamental Rights of citizens., , 13. Correct Option: (d), Explanation:, , in, , •, , Federal features:, •, , dates, , 17. Correct Option: (c), Explanation:, Evolution of the basic features, •, , The “basic features” principle was first, expounded in 1953, by Justice J.R., Mudholkar in his dissent, in the case, of Sajjan Singh v. State of Rajasthan,, 1964., , •, , Justice Mudholkar in his minority, judgment observed that the Constitutional, Amendment be excluded from the definition, of law under Article 13 and he also gave, an argument that every Constitution has, certain basic principles which could not be, changed.

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BK IAS ACADEMY PT 2022, •, , [11], , However, the Doctrine of the Basic, Structure was brought into limelight in the, majority judgment(7:6) of the 13-Judges, bench of the KesavanandBharti V State of, Kerala., , 20. Correct Option: (c), Explanation:, Features borrowed in the Constitution, •, , 18. Correct Option: (d), Explanation:, , The Indian Constitution borrowed various, features from other constitutions such as-, , ➤ Government, , India, Act, of, 1935: Federal Scheme, Office of, governor, Judiciary, Public Service, Commissions, Emergency provisions, and administrative details., , Benegal Narsing Rau, •, , Sir Benegal Narsing Rau was one of, the foremost Indian jurists of his time, who played a key role in drafting the, Constitution of India., , •, , Actually, the initial draft of the text of the, Constitution of India prepared by him., , •, , Rau helped draft the constitution of Burma, in 1947 also., , •, , From February 1952 until his death(30, November 1953), he was a judge of the, Permanent Court of International Justice,, The Hague., , •, , He was also India’s representative to the, United Nations Security Council from 1950, to 1952., , ➤ British Constitution: Parliamentary, government, Rule of Law, legislative, procedure,, single, citizenship,, cabinet system, prerogative writs,, parliamentary, privileges,, and, bicameralism., , ➤ US, , Constitution:, Fundamental, rights, independence of judiciary,, judicial review, impeachment of the, president, removal of Supreme Court, and high court judges and post of vice, president., , ➤ Irish Constitution: Directive Principles, of State Policy, nomination of members, to Rajya Sabha and method of election, of president., , 19. Correct Option: (a), Explanation:, Major, Committees, Assembly, , ➤ Canadian, of, , Constitution: Federation, with a strong Centre, vesting of, residuary powers in the Centre,, appointment of state governors by the, Centre, and advisory jurisdiction of, the Supreme Court., , Constituent, , •, , There were eight major committees under, the Constituent Assembly., , •, , These were—, , ➤ Union Powers Committee headed, , ➤ Australian Constitution: Concurrent, List, freedom of trade, commerce and, intercourse, and joint sitting of the, two Houses of Parliament., , by Jawaharlal Nehru., , ➤ Union Constitution Committee headed, by Jawaharlal Nehru., , ➤ Weimar Constitution of Germany:, , ➤ Provincial, , Constitution, Committee headed by, Sardar, Patel., , ➤, , Drafting Committee headed by Dr., B.R. Ambedkar., , Suspension of Fundamental Rights, during Emergency., , ➤ Soviet Constitution (USSR, now, Russia): Fundamental duties and the, ideal of justice (social, economic and, political) in the Preamble., , ➤ Advisory, , Committee, on, Fundamental Rights, Minorities, and Tribal and Excluded Areas, headed by Sardar Patel., , ➤ French Constitution: Republic and, the ideals of liberty, equality, and, fraternity in the Preamble, Concurrent, list, , ➤ Rules of Procedure Committee headed, by Dr. Rajendra Prasad., , ➤ States Committee, , ➤ South African Constitution: Procedure, headed, , by, , for amendment of the Constitution and, election of members of Rajya Sabha., , Jawaharlal Nehru., , ➤ Steering Committee headed by Dr., Rajendra Prasad., , of, , ➤, , Japanese Constitution:, established by Law., , Procedure

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857, , 12 BK IAS PT 2022 POLITY & CONSTITUTION, , 21. Correct Option: (d), Explanation:, , 8574308854, 9717108622, , •, , This year’s title is “Beyond income,, beyond averages, beyond today”., , •, , A total of 5 indices were published in this, reportviz.HumanDevelopmentIndex(HDI),, Inequality-adjusted Human Development, Index (IHDI), Gender Development Index, (GDI), Gender Inequality Index (GII), and, Multidimensional Poverty Index (MPI)., , •, , For HDI, a total of 4 indicators viz. life, expectancy at birth, expected years of, schooling, mean years of schooling, and, per capita gross national income (PPP) of 3, dimensions are used., , •, , India is at 129th place (one position gain, since last year)., , •, , Amongst SAARC nations, India is, in 3rd place after Srilanka(71) and, Maldives(104)., , •, , Norway, Switzerland, Ireland occupied the, top three positions., , Citizenship (Amendment) Bill, 2019, •, , Recently, the Bill has been passed by the, both Houses of the Parliament., , •, , The Bill proposes that the specified class, (communities) of illegal migrants from, the three countries will not be treated as, illegal migrants, making them eligible for, citizenship by Naturalization., , •, , These communities viz. Hindu, Sikh,, Buddhist, Jain, Parsi, or Christian are the, minorities of the three neighbor countries, viz. Afghanistan, Bangladesh, or Pakistan., , •, , For the specified class of illegal migrants,, the number of years of residency has been, relaxed from 11 years to 5 years., , •, , The Bill is not applicable to Schedule-VI, areas of Assam, Tripura, Mizoram and, Meghalaya., , •, , •, , The Bill is also not applicable to the, Inner Line Permit states viz. Arunachal, Pradesh, Mizoram, and Nagaland, The cutoff date for the immigration is, on or before December 31, 2014., , 24. Correct Option: (c), Explanation:, Macau and Hong Kong, •, , Both Hong Kong and Macau became Special, Administrative Regions of China., , •, , Hong Kong was returned to Chinese, control on July 1, 1997,, whereas,, Macau was transferred to China from, Portuguese control on December 20,, 1999., The regions would have their own, currencies, economic and legal systems, but, defense and diplomacy would be decided by, Beijing., , 22. Correct Option: (c), Explanation:, Reservation for Anglo-Indians, •, , Under Article 331, the President of India, is authorized to nominate 2 members, of the Anglo Indian community in Lok, Sabha, in case of under-representation., , •, , In the same way, under Article 332, the, governor of the state is authorized to, nominate 1 Anglo Indian in the lower, house of the State Legislature, in case of, under-representation., , •, , This reservation was provided by the, original Constitution for 70 years., , •, , Recently, the Government has decided to, introduce a bill to amend the Constitution, seeking to not to extend the provision, , 23. Correct Option: (b), Explanation:, , •, , •, , 25. Correct Option: (a), Explanation:, Skills Build platform, •, , Directorate General of Training (DGT),, under the aegis of the Ministry of Skill, Development, &, Entrepreneurship, (MSDE) together with IBM announced, the launch of the Skills Build platform., , •, , As part of the program, a two-year, advanced diploma in IT, networking and, cloud computing, co-created and designed, by IBM, will be offered at the Industrial, Training Institutes (ITIs) & National Skill, Training Institutes (NSTIs)., , •, , The platform will be extended to train ITI &, NSTI faculty on building skills in Artificial, Intelligence (AI)., , HDI report 2019, •, , The 2019 Human Development Report is, the latest in the series of global Human, Development Reports published by the, United Nations Development Programme, (UNDP) since 1990., , Their mini-Constitutions would remain, valid for 50 years i.e. till 2047 for Hong, Kong and 2049 for Macau.

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BK IAS ACADEMY PT 2022, , [13], , TEST, DAY - 2, Time Allowed: 30 mins, , 1., , Which of the following statements, is/are correct regarding the Right, to Education as provided under the, Indian Constitution?, 1., , It is the only provision in the, Constitution for free and compulsory, education for children., , 2., , It has been added by the 86th, Constitutional Amendment Act, 2002., , 3., , It is available to both citizens as well, as foreign nationals., , Only Supreme Court has been, empowered with Writ Jurisdiction., , 2., , Parliament by law can extend power to, issue Writ to any other courts., , 3., , The Writ system has been adopted, from the US Presidential system., , 4., , Writs, are, extra-constitutional, rights given to the Judiciary by the, Parliament., , Select the correct answer using the code, given below:, (a) 3 and 4 only, , (a) 2 and 3 only, , (b) 1, 2 and 4 only, , (b) 1 and 3 only, , (c) 2 only, , (c) 2 only, , (d) 1, 2, 3 and 4, , The definition of ‘State’, as provided in, Article 12 of the Indian Constitution,, includes which of the following, authorities?, 1., , The Parliament of India, , 2., , The Legislature of each of the States, , 3., , LIC and ONGC, , 4., , District Boards, , Select the correct answer using the code, given below:, (a) 1 only, , 3., , 1., , Select the correct answer using the code, given below:, , (d) 1, 2 and 3, 2., , Maximum Marks: 50, , 4., , Which of the following provisions, impose, limitations, upon, the, enforcement of the Fundamental, Rights?, 1., , State Legislatures shall have the, power to modify the application of the, Fundamental Rights to the members, of the Armed Forces., , 2., , The Parliament may enact a law, stating that certain jobs can only be, filled by applicants who are domiciled, in the area., , (b) 1, 2 and 3 only, , Select the correct answer using the code, given below:, , (c) 2, 3 and 4 only, , (a) 1 only, , (d) 1, 2, 3 and 4, , (b) 2 only, , Which of the following statements is/are, correct regarding Writ jurisdiction?, , (c) Both 1 and 2, (d) Neither 1 nor 2

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857, , 14 BK IAS PT 2022 POLITY & CONSTITUTION, , 5., , Which of the following items doesn’t, come under the ambit of the Right, to Freedom of Religion provided in, Indian Constitution?, , 8574308854, 9717108622, , 9., , How many types of educational, institutions are recognized by Article, 28?, (a) 3, , 1., , Practicing religion, , (b) 4, , 2., , Professing the religion, , (c) 5, , 3., , Propagating the religion, , (d) 2, , Select the correct answer using the code, given below:, , 10. Consider the following cases:, 1., , MP Sharma vs Satish Chandra, 1954, , 2., , Justice K.S. Puttaswamy (Retd) vs, Union of India, 2017, , (c) 1 and 3 only, , 3., , (d) None of the above, , Kharak Singh vs State of Uttar, Pradesh, 1962, , 4., , Sajjan Singh vs State of Rajasthan,, 1964, , (a) 1 and 2 only, (b) 2 and 3 only, , 6., , Under which of the following Article,, the Supreme Court has held that, hoisting the National Flag atop the, private buildings is a fundamental, right of every citizen?, (a) Article 14 of the Constitution, (b) Article 19(1)(a) of the Constitution, (c) Article 21 of the Constitution, (d) Article 25 of the Constitution, , 7., , Which of the following cases is/are related, to the Right to Privacy?, (a) 2 only, (b) 1, 2 and 3 only, (c) 1 and 3 only, (d) 1, 2, 3, and 4, 11. Consider the following Articles:, 1., , Article 31A, , The writ of Mandamus cannot be, issued against, , 2., , Article 31B, , 3., , Article 31C, , 1., , Private individuals, , 4., , Article 31D, , 2., , The Chief Justice of the High Court, , 3., , Governors, , Which of the above articles limit(s) the scope, of operation of the fundamental rights?, (a) 4 only, , Select the correct option using the codes, given below:, , (b) 1 and 2 only, , (a) 1 only, , (c) 1, 2, and 3 only, , (b) 3 only, , (d) 2, 3, and 4 only, , (c) 2 and 3 only, (d) 1, 2 and 3, 8. Which of the following Articles is, automatically suspended during the, national emergency?, (a) Article 32, , 12. Which of the following statements, regarding fundamental rights is/are, incorrect?, 1., , All of the fundamental rights are, negative in character., , 2., , All of them are directly enforceable., , 3., , They are defended and guaranteed by, the Supreme Court only., , 4., , They strike a balance between the, rights of the individual and those of, society as a whole., , (b) Article 14, (c) Article 21, (d) Article 19

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BK IAS ACADEMY PT 2022, , [15], , Select the correct option using the codes, given below:, , 1., , Institutions wholly maintained by the, State, , (a) 4 only, , 2., , Institutions administered by the State, but established under any endowment, or trust, , 3., , Institutions recognized by the State, , 4., , Institutions receiving aid from the, State, , (b) 2 and 3 only, (c) 1, 2 and 3 only, (d) 1, 2, 3, and 4, 13. Consider the following lists:, 1., , Ordinances, , 2., , Delegated legislation, , In which of the above institution(s), religious, instruction is completely prohibited?, , 3., , Customs, , (a) 1 only, , 4., , Bye-laws, , (b) 1 and 2 only, , Which of the above lists come(s) under the, purview of ‘law’ in Article 13?, (a) 1 and 4 only, (b) 1, 2 and 3 only, (c) 2 and 3 only, (d) 1, 2, 3, and 4, 14. The fundamental rights under which, of the following articles are available, only to the Indian citizens?, , (c) 2, 3, and 4 only, (d) 1, 2, 3, and 4, 17. Consider the following statements:, 1., , 2., , Article 29 grants protection of language,, script or culture to religious minorities, as well as linguistic minorities only., The political speeches or promises, made for the conservation of the, language amount to corrupt practice, under the Representation of the People, Act, 1951., , 1., , Article 14, , 2., , Article 15, , 3., , Article 19, , Which of the above statements is/are, correct?, , 4., , Article 20, , 5., , Article 30, , (a) 1 only, , Select the correct option using the codes, given below:, (a) 1, 2 and 3 only, (b) 2, 3 and 4 only, (c) 2, 3 and 5 only, (d) 1, 2, 3, and 5 only, 15. The Supreme Court in which of the, following cases held that the protection, under Article 21 is available only, against arbitrary executive action and, not from arbitrary legislative action?, (a) A.K. Gopalan Case, , (b) 2 only, (c) Both 1 and 2, (d) Neither 1 nor 2, 18. Consider the following statements, regarding the RTI (Amendment) Act,, 2019:, 1., , The Bill mandates that the Chief, Information Commissioner (CIC) will, hold office for a term of five years., , 2., , The salary of the CIC will be equivalent, to the salary paid to the Chief Election, Commissioner., , (b) Shankari Prasad Case, , Which of the above statements is/are, incorrect?, , (c) Menaka Gandhi Case, , (a) 1 only, , (d) ADM Jabalpur Case, , (b) 2 only, , 16. Consider the four types of educational, institutions under Article 28:, , (c) Both 1 and 2, (d) Neither 1 nor 2

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857, , 16 BK IAS PT 2022 POLITY & CONSTITUTION, , 19. The prevention of the following are, included in which Fundamental, Rights?, 1., , Human trafficking, , 2., , Forced labour, , 3., , Child labour, , (d) Vidyanjali Scheme, , (a) Ministry, of, Development, , Women, , and, , Child, , (b) Ministry of Home Affairs, (c) Ministry of Defense, , (a) Right to Equality, , (d) Ministry of External Affairs, , (b) Right to Freedom, (c) Right against Exploitation, (d) Right to Constitutional Remedies, 20. Which of the following statements is/, are correct?, , 2., , (c) HRIDAY Scheme, , 22. “Hausla 2018” has been launched by, which Ministry?, , Select the correct answer using the code, given below:, , 1., , 8574308854, 9717108622, , The Constitutional remedies under, both Article 32 and Article 226 are, mandatory., The writ jurisdiction of High Courts, under Article 226 is broader than those, of the Supreme Court., , 23. India’s first owl festival was held in, which state?, (a) Manipur, (b) Madhya Pradesh, (c) Maharashtra, (d) Jharkhand, 24. Which of the following state has not, achieved 100% electrification under, Saubhagya Scheme?, (a) Uttar Pradesh, , Select the correct option using the codes, given below:, , (b) Bihar, , (a) 1 only, , (c) Jammu and Kashmir, , (b) 2 only, , (d) Madhya Pradesh, , (c) Both 1 and 2, , 25. ‘COPE INDIA 2019’ is a joint exercise, between India and which country?, , (d) Neither 1 nor 2, 21. Bhasha Sangam has been launched, under which scheme?, , (a) Japan, (b) Russia, , (a) Know India Campaign, , (c) UAE, , (b) Ek Bharat Shreshtha Bharat, , (d) USA, , **********

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BK IAS ACADEMY PT 2022, , [17], , ANSWER HINTS, DAY - 2, , 1., , Correct Option: (a), , that is, executive and legislative, organs of State governments., , Explanation:, , ➤ All other authorities, that is, statutory, , Article 21A: Right to Education, •, , or non-statutory authorities like LIC,, ONGC, SAIL, etc., , Article 21 A declares that the State shall, provide free and compulsory education to, all children of the age of six to fourteen, years in such a manner as the State may, determine., , •, , Thus, this provision makes only elementary, education a Fundamental Right and not, higher or professional education., , •, , This provision was added by the 86th, Constitutional Amendment Act, of, 2002., , ➤, , •, , Thus, State has been defined in a wider, sense so as to include all its agencies. It is, the actions of these agencies that can be, challenged in the courts as violating the, Fundamental Rights., , •, , According to the Supreme Court, even a, private body or an agency working as an, instrument of the State falls within the, meaning of the ‘State’ under Article 12., , ➤ This amendment is a major milestone, in the country’s aim to achieve, ‘Education for All’. The government, described this step as ‘the dawn of the, second Revolution in the chapter of, citizens’ rights’., , ➤ This amendment also added a new, , •, , 2., , 3., , Correct Option: (c), Explanation:, Writ jurisdiction of Indian Constitution, , Fundamental Duty under Article, 51A that reads —‘It shall be the duty, of every citizen of India to provide, opportunities for education to his, child or ward between the age of six, and fourteen years’., , •, , Article 32 confers the right to remedies, for the enforcement of the Fundamental, Rights of an aggrieved citizen. In other, words, the right to get the Fundamental, Rights protected is in itself a Fundamental, Right., , It is available to both citizens as well as, foreigners., , •, , The origin of writs is from the English, Judicial system., , •, , Dr. Ambedkar called Article 32 as the most, important article of the Constitution., , •, , The Supreme Court has ruled that Article, 32 is a basic feature of the Constitution., , •, , The Supreme Court shall have the power, to issue directions or orders or writs for the, enforcement of any of the Fundamental, Rights. The writs issued may include:, , Correct Option: (d), Explanation:, Definition of State, •, , All local authorities, that is,, municipalities, Panchayats, district, boards, improvement trusts, etc., , The term ‘State’ has been used in different, provisions concerning the Fundamental, Rights. Hence, Article 12 has defined the, term for the purposes of Part III. According, to it, the State includes the following:, , ➤ Government and Parliament of India,, that is, executive and legislative, organs of the Union government., , ➤, , Government and Legislature of states,, , ➤ Habeas corpus, ➤ Mandamus, ➤ Prohibition, ➤ Certiorari

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857, , 18 BK IAS PT 2022 POLITY & CONSTITUTION, , ➤ Quo-warranto, •, , 4., , 8574308854, 9717108622, , 7., , Correct Option: (d), Explanation:, , Parliament can empower any other, court to issue directions, orders, and, writs of all kinds. However, this can be, done without prejudice to the above powers, conferred on the Supreme Court. Any other, court here does not include High Courts, because Article 226 has already, conferred these powers on the High, Courts., , Writ of Mandamus, , Correct Option: (b), , •, , The term ‘mandamus’ literally means, ‘we command’. It is a command issued by, the court to a public official asking him, to perform the official duties that he has, failed or refused to perform., , •, , It can also be issued against any public body,, a corporation, an inferior court, a tribunal, or government for the same purpose., , •, , However, the writ of mandamus cannot be, issued against-, , Explanation:, Fundamental Rights, •, , •, , •, , 5., , The power to make laws under Article 33, is conferred only on Parliament and, not on State Legislatures. Any such law, made by Parliament cannot be challenged, in any court on the ground of contravention, of any of the Fundamental Rights., Article 35 lays down that the power to, make laws, to give effect to certain specified, Fundamental Rights shall vest only in, the Parliament and not in the State, Legislatures. This provision ensures, that there is uniformity throughout, India with regard to the nature of those, Fundamental Rights and punishment for, their infringement., The Parliament can prescribe residence, as a condition for certain employments or, appointments in a state or union territory, or local authority or other, authority, (Article 16)., , ➤ private individual or body, ➤ to enforce departmental instruction, that does not possess statutory force, , ➤ when the duty is discretionary and, not mandatory, , ➤ to enforce a contractual obligation, ➤ the president of India or the state, governors, , ➤ the chief justice of a high court, acting in a judicial capacity., , 8., , Correct Option: (d), Explanation:, Suspension of Fundamental Rights, •, , After the 44th Amendment Act, 1978, Article, 358 provides that when the proclamation of, emergency is made by the president under, Article 352, the freedoms guaranteed, by, Article19(1), are, automatically, suspended for the period of emergency on, the ground of war or external aggression., , •, , Articles 20 and 21 cannot be suspended, even during the National Emergency., , Correct option: (d), Explanation:, Right to Freedom of Religion, •, , 6., , Article 25 says that every citizen of the, State has the right to not only practice, but also profess and propagate the, religion of his/her choice., , Correct Option: (b), Explanation:, Fundamental rights, •, , According to the Supreme Court of India,, hoisting the national Flag atop the private, buildings is a fundamental right of every, citizen under Article 19 (1)(a) of the, constitution., , •, , Article 14 guarantees equality before the, law or the equal protection of the laws., , •, , Article 21 deals with the right to life and, personal liberty., , •, , Article 25 provides for freedom of, conscience and free profession, practice, and propagation of religion., , 9., , Correct Option: (b), Explanation:, Article 28, •, , Article 28 distinguishes between four, types of educational institutions., , •, , These are (i) Institutions wholly maintained, by the State, (ii) Institutions administered, by the State but established under any, endowment or trust, (iii) Institutions, recognized by the State, and (iv) Institutions, receiving aid from the State., , •, , In (i) religious instruction is completely, prohibited while in (ii), religious instruction, is permitted. In (iii) and (iv), religious, instruction is permitted on a voluntary, basis.

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BK IAS ACADEMY PT 2022, 10. Correct Option: (b), , [19], •, , Some of them are negative in character, (Rights to Equality), that is, place, limitations on the authority of the State,, while others are positive in nature,, conferring certain privileges on the persons, (Rights to Equal Opportunity)., , •, , They are defended and guaranteed by both, the Supreme Court and High Courts., , •, , They are not sacrosanct or permanent. The, Parliament can curtail or repeal them but, only by a constitutional amendment act, without affecting the ‘basic structure’ of, the Constitution., , •, , Most of them are directly enforceable, (self-executory) while a few of them can, be enforced on the basis of a law made, for giving effect to them by Parliament only, under Article 35., , Explanation:, Right to Privacy, •, , The right to privacy in India has developed, through a series of decisions over the past, 60 years., , •, , In MP Sharma vs Satish Chandra in, 1954 and Kharak Singh vs State of, Uttar Pradesh in 1962 cases, Supreme, Court held that privacy was not a, fundamental right., , •, , But in the Justice K.S. Puttaswamy, (Retd) vs Union of India 2017, SC ruled, that the right to privacy is protected, as an intrinsic part of the right to life, and personal liberty under Article 21 and, as a part of the freedoms guaranteed by, Part III of the Constitution., , 11. Correct Option: (c), Explanation:, Limitation on the Fundamental rights, •, , •, , •, , •, , 13. Correct Option: (d), Explanation:, Article 13, •, , Article 31A and 31B were added to the, constitution by the First Amendment, Act, 1951. Article 31C was by the 25th, Amendment Act, 1971. All of these articles, limit the scope of the Fundamental Rights., , ➤ Permanent laws enacted by the, Parliament or the state legislatures;, , ➤ Temporary laws like ordinances, , The Fundamental Rights can be suspended, during the operation of a National, Emergency except the rights guaranteed, by Articles 20 and 21., , issued by the President or the State, Governors;, , ➤ Statutory instruments in the nature, of delegated legislation (executive, legislation) like order, bye-law, rule,, regulation or notification; and, , Further, the six rights guaranteed by, Article 19 are suspended naturally when, the emergency is declared on the grounds, of war or external aggression., , ➤ Non-legislative sources of law, that is,, custom or usage having the force of, law., , Furthermore, Article 33 and Article 34 too,, limit their scope., •, , Thus, not only legislation but any of the, above can be challenged in the courts as, violating a Fundamental Right and hence, can be declared as void., , •, , Further, the Supreme Court held in the, Kesavananda Bharati case (1973) that, a Constitutional amendment can be, challenged on the ground that it violates a, fundamental right that forms a part of the, ‘basic structure’ of the Constitution., , 12. Correct Option: (b), Explanation:, Nature of Fundamental rights, •, , Some of them are available only to the, citizens while others are available to all, persons whether citizens, foreigners or legal, persons like corporations or companies., , •, , They are not absolute but qualified. The, state can impose reasonable restrictions on, them. However, whether such restrictions, are reasonable or not is to be decided by, the courts. Thus, they strike a balance, between the rights of the individual, and those of society as a whole., , •, , Most of them are available against the, arbitrary action of the State, with a few, exceptions like those against the State’s, action and against the action of private, individuals., , The term ‘law’ in Article 13 has been given, a wide connotation so as to include the, following:, , 14. Correct Option: (c), Explanation:, FR available only to citizens and not to, foreigners, •, , Prohibition of discrimination on grounds, of religion, race, caste, sex or place of birth, (Article 15)., , •, , Equality of opportunity in matters of public, employment (Article 16).

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857, , 20 BK IAS PT 2022 POLITY & CONSTITUTION, , •, , Protection of six rights regarding freedom of, (i) speech and expression, (ii) assembly, (iii), association, (iv) movement, (v) residence,, and (vi) profession (Article 19)., , •, , Protection of language, script, and culture, of minorities (Article 29)., , •, , Right of minorities to establish and, administer, educational, institutions, (Article 30)., , 15. Correct Option: (a), Explanation:, , 8574308854, 9717108622, , •, , 17. Correct Option: (d), Explanation:, Article 29, •, , Article 29 provides that any section of the, citizens residing in any part of India having, a distinct language, script or culture of its, own, shall have the right to conserve the, same., , •, , However, the Supreme Court held that the, scope of this article is not necessarily, restricted to minorities only, as it is, commonly assumed to be. This is because, of the use of the words ‘section of citizens’, in the Article that includes minorities as, well as the majority., , •, , The Supreme Court also held that the, right to conserve the language includes, the right to agitate for the protection of the, language. Hence, the political speeches, or promises made for the conservation, of the language of a section of the, citizens does not amount to corrupt, practice under the Representation of, the People Act, 1951., , Right to life, •, , Article 21 declares that no person shall be, deprived of his life or personal liberty except, according to the procedure established by, law., , •, , In the A.K. Gopalan Case 1950, the Supreme, Court has taken a narrow interpretation, of Article 21. It held that the protection, under Article 21 is available only against, arbitrary executive action and not from, arbitrary legislative action., , •, , This means that the State can deprive, the right to life and personal liberty of a, person based on a law. This is because of, the expression ‘procedure established by, law’ in Article 21., , •, , But in the Menaka Gandhi Case 1978, the, Supreme Court overruled its judgement, in the Gopalan case by taking a wider, interpretation of Article 21., , •, , It ruled that the right to life and personal, liberty of a person can be deprived by law, provided the procedure prescribed by that, law is reasonable, fair and just. Thus,, it introduced the ‘due process of law’ in, Article 21., , 16. Correct Option: (a), Explanation:, , 18. Correct Option: (c), Explanation:, RTI (Amendment) Act, 2019, •, , The Amendment Act changes the terms, and conditions of service of the CIC and, Information Commissioners at the center, and in states which was provided by the, original Act of 2005., , •, , The Amendment Act of 2019 states that, the central government will notify the, term of office for the CIC and the ICs, against the fixed term of five years,, provided by the 2005 Act., , •, , It also states that the salaries,, allowances, and other terms and, conditions of service of the central and, state CIC and ICs will be determined, by the central government against the, equivalence of the salary paid to the, Election Commissioners and the Chief, Secretary to the state government,, respectively, as provided by the, original Act., , Article 28, •, , Under Article 28, no religious instruction, shall be provided in any educational, institution wholly maintained out of State, funds., , •, , Article 28 distinguishes between four types, of educational institutions viz., , ➤ Institutions wholly maintained by the, State, , ➤ Institutions administered by the State, but established under any endowment, or trust, , ➤ Institutions recognized by the State, and, , ➤ Institutions receiving aid from the, State, , In (i) religious instruction is completely, prohibited while in (ii), religious instruction, is permitted. In (iii) and (iv), religious, instruction is permitted on a voluntary, basis.

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BK IAS ACADEMY PT 2022, •, , As per the Government, the CIC is a, statutory body and Election Commission, is a Constitutional body hence, the, mandate of the Election Commission of, India and Central and State Information, Commissions are different and needed to, be determined accordingly., , 19. Correct Option: (c), Explanation:, Right against exploitation, •, , The Constitution of India has special, provision mentioned right under the, columns of Fundamental Rights to prevent, and prohibit human trafficking, forced and, child labour., , •, , The fundamental right which deals with, the same is known as “Right against, Exploitation”. Through this Right, the, Constitution of India prohibits human, trafficking, forced labor, as well as Child, labour, which means the children who are, working under 14 years if their age., , 20. Correct Option: (b), Explanation:, Articles 32 and 226, •, , A remedy under Article 32 is in itself, a Fundamental Right and hence, the, Supreme Court shall not refuse to, exercise its writ jurisdiction., , •, , On the contrary, the remedy under, Article 226 is discretionary and hence,, a high court may refuse to exercise its writ, jurisdiction., , •, , The Supreme Court is thus constituted as a, defender and guarantor of the fundamental, rights., , •, , Unlike Article 32, Article 226 confers, power on a High Court to issue writs for, the enforcement of fundamental rights, as well as other rights. Hence, the writ, jurisdictions of High Courts, under Article, 226, are broader than those of the, Supreme Court., , 21. Correct Option: (b), Explanation:, •, , •, , The Government has launched a unique, initiative called Bhasha Sangam to, introduce school students to 22 Indian, languages., The initiative, under Ek Bharat Shreshtha, Bharat, was launched on the 22 nd of this, month and will continue till the 21st of, December., , [21], •, , Bhasha Sangam is a programme for, schools and educational institutions to, provide multilingual exposure to students, in Indian languages., , •, , Another objective of Bhasha Sangam is to, enhance linguistic tolerance and respect, and promote national integration., , 22. Correct Option: (a), Explanation:, •, , The National Festival for Children of, Child Care Institutions (CCIs)- “Hausla, 2018” of the Ministry of Women and Child, Development (MWCD) was inaugurated in, New Delhi., , •, , The inter-Child Care Institution festival, is witnessing the participation of more, than 600 Children drawn from CCIs from, 18 states in various events like painting, competition, athletics meet, football, chess, competition and speech writing as part of, the Festival., , 23. Correct Option: (c), Explanation:, •, , The Indian Owl Festival, the country’s, first owl fest, was held at Pingori village in, Purandar taluka of Pune, Maharashtra., , •, , The two-day festival, organised by Ela, Foundation, an NGO working towards, nature education and conservation, will, give information on owl conservation and, feature art forms like pictures, paintings,, lanterns, lampshades, posters, origami,, stitched articles, poems and stories on, owls., , 24. Correct Option: (a), Explanation:, •, , 8 States have achieved 100% saturation in, household electrification under Saubhagya, namely Madhya Pradesh, Tripura, Bihar,, J&K, Mizoram, Sikkim, Telangana, and, West Bengal., , 25. Correct Option: (d), Explanation:, •, , Air forces of the United States and India, are scheduled to participate in a 12-day, joint exercise ‘Cope India 2019’ at two air, force stations in West Bengal. The exercise, showcases the efforts and commitment of, the two nations to a free and open IndoPacific region.

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857, , 22 BK IAS PT 2022 POLITY & CONSTITUTION, , 8574308854, 9717108622, , TEST, DAY - 3, Time Allowed: 30 mins, , 1., , Maximum Marks: 50, , Which of the following is/are not the, Fundamental Duties of a Citizen of, India under Article 51A of the Indian, Constitution?, , 1., , Promotion of Panchayati Raj System., , 2., , Adherence to Non-Alignment, , 1., , To vote in general elections., , 3., , 2., , To defend the country., , 3., , To develop humanism and the spirit of, inquiry., , 4., , To strive towards excellence., , Panchsheel., , 4., , Formation of National Commission for, Backward Classes., , Select the correct answer using the code, given below:, , (a) 1 only, , (a) 1 and 2 only, , (b) 1 and 3 only, , (b) 3 and 4 only, , (c) 2 and 4 only, , (c) 2 and 3 only, , (d) 2, 3 and 4 only, , (d) 1, 2, 3 and 4, , Which of the following Directive, Principles of State Policy is/are not, based on Socialist principles?, 1., , Equal pay for equal work., , 2., , Free legal aid to the poor., , 3., , Participation of workers, management of industries., , 4., , Protection and improvement of the, environment., , 4., , Which of the following pairs is correctly, matched?, 1., , 42nd Amendment: Opportunities for the, healthy development of children., , in, , the, , Select the correct answer using the code, given below:, , 2., , 44th, , Amendment:, , Promotion, , 3., , 97th, , Amendment:, , Minimize, , inequalities in income, status, facility, & opportunities., Select the correct answer using the code, , (b) 4 only, , given below:, , (d) 1, 2 and 3 only, Which of the following led to the, successful implementation of Directive, Principles of State Policy in India?, , of, , management of co-operative societies., , (a) 1 and 3 only, (c) 3 and 4 only, , 3., , The Maternity Benefit (Amendment), Act of 2017., , Select the correct answer using the code, given below:, , 2., , and, , (a) 1 only, (b) 2 and 3 only, (c) 2 only, (d) 1, 2, and 3

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BK IAS ACADEMY PT 2022, 5., , [23], , Consider the following statements, regarding Fundamental Duties:, 1., , These were added by the, Constitutional Amendment Act., , 2., , Some of the Fundamental Duties are, applicable to foreigners also., , 3., 4., , They are not justiciable in nature., They help the courts in examining and, determining the constitutional validity, of a law., , (a) 1 only, (b) 2 only, (d) Neither 1 nor 2, 9., , (c) 4 only, (d) 3 and 4 only, , Verma Committee, , 2., , Swaran Singh Committee, , 3., , H. R. Gokhale Committee, , There has not been any instance to, amend the Fundamental Duties., , (c) Both 1 and 2, , (b) 1 and 4 only, , 1., , 2., , Select the correct option using the codes, given below:, , (a) 1 and 2 only, , Which of the following is/are, related to Fundamental duties?, , Morarji Desai government tried to, annul the Fundamental Duties in the, Lok Sabha but failed., , 44th, , Which of the above statements is/are, correct?, , 6., , 1., , not, , Which of the following statements is/, are correct?, 1., , Rights and duties of the citizens are, correlative and inseparable., , 2., , Except for India, none of the, constitutions of any democratic country, contains a list of duties of citizens., , 3., , The socialist countries, on the, contrary, gave equal importance to the, fundamental rights and duties of their, citizens., , Select the correct option using the codes, given below:, (a) 2 only, (b) 1 and 2 only, (c) 3 only, (d) 1 and 3 only, 7., , Consider the following Acts enacted, by the Parliament?, 1., , The Wildlife (Protection) Act, , 2., , The Unlawful Activities (Prevention), Act, , 3., , The Protection of Civil Rights Act, , 4., , The Prevention of Insults to National, Honour Act, , Which of the above Acts had been enacted, before the enactment of Article 51A?, (a) 1 only, (b) 2, 3, and 4 only, (c) 1 and 4 only, (d) 1, 2, 3, and 4, 8. Which of the following statements, regarding Fundamental Duties is, incorrect?, , Select the correct option using the codes, given below:, (a) 2 only, (b) 2 and 3 only, (c) 1 and 3 only, (d) 1, 2, and 3, 10. Which of the following shall adopt the, ideals of the Principles of Directive, Principles of State Policy while, formulating policies and laws?, 1., , Union Legislature, , 2., , State Government, , 3., , Local authorities, , 4., , Public Sector Enterprises, , Select the correct answer using the code, given below:, (a) 1 only, (b) 1, 2 and 3 only, (c) 1, 3 and 4 only, (d) 1, 2, 3 and 4

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857, , 24 BK IAS PT 2022 POLITY & CONSTITUTION, , 11. Which of the following statements is/, are correct?, 1., , Indian Constitution strikes a balance, between socialism and liberalism., , 2., , Rawlsian theory of distributive justice, can be observed in both Part III and IV, of the Indian Constitution., , Select the correct option using the codes, given below:, (a) 1 only, (b) 2 only, , 8574308854, 9717108622, , Select the correct option using the codes, given below:, (a) 1 only, (b) 2 only, (c) Both 1 and 2, (d) Neither 1 nor 2, 15. Consider the following statements, regarding Directive Principles:, 1., , Fundamental rights are the rights to, citizens against the state., , 2., , Directive Principles are the right to, state against citizens., , 3., , Fundamental rights promote the, welfare of the individual while DPSPs, promote the welfare of the community., , 4., , The courts cannot declare a law violative, of any of the Directive Principles as, unconstitutional and invalid., , (c) Both 1 and 2, (d) Neither 1 nor 2, 12. Which of the following DPSPs is not, based on the Liberal–Intellectual, Principles?, (a) To secure for all citizens a uniform civil, code throughout the country, (b) To secure the right to work to education, and to public assistance in cases of, unemployment, old age, sickness and, disablement, (c) To organize agriculture and animal, husbandry on modern and scientific, lines, (d) To promote international peace, and security and maintain just and, honorable relations between nations., 13. Consider the following list:, 1., , Part III, , 2., , Part IV, , 3., , Part IVA, , Which of the above parts of the Constitution, was (were) amended by “The Constitution, (Eighty-sixth Amendment) Act, 2002”?, , Which of the above statements is/are, incorrect?, (a) 2 only, (b) 3 and 4 only, (c) 1 and 2 only, (d) 1, 2, and 4, 16. To implement which of the following, Articles of the Directive Principles,, the Act of Parliament can contravene, the Fundamental Rights conferred by, Article 14 and Article 19?, 1., , Article 39, , (a) 1, 2, and 3, , 2., , Article 39(a), , (b) 2 only, , 3., , Article 39(b), , (c) 1 and 3 only, (d) 1 and 2 only, , 4., , Article 39(c), , 14. Which of the following statements, regarding DPSPs is correct?, 1., , 2., , The harmony and balance between Part, III and IV is an essential feature of the, basic structure of the Constitution., Fundamental Rights enjoy supremacy, over the Directive Principles., , Select the correct option using the codes, given below:, (a) 3 and 4 only, (b) 2, 3, and 4 only, (c) 1, 2 and 3 only, (d) 1, 2, 3, and 4

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BK IAS ACADEMY PT 2022, , [25], , 17. In which of the following cases, the Supreme Court ruled that “the, Fundamental, Rights, cannot, be, amended for the implementation of, the Directive Principles”?, (a) Champakam Dorairajan Case, , 21. The Paramarsh Scheme is launched, by:, (a) Ministry, of, Human, Resources, Development, (b) Ministry of Corporate Affairs, (c) Ministry of Home Affairs, , (b) Golaknath Case, , (d) Ministry of Rural Development, , (c) Waman Rao Case, (d) Minerva Mills Case, 18. The Legal Services Authorities Act, was established in 1987 to give effect, to which of the following Directive, Principles?, , 22. Which bank has conducted its firsteauction for forest produce?, (a) ICICI Bank, (b) Yes Bank, , (a) Article 39A, , (c) Canara Bank, , (b) Article 39(a), , (d) HDFC Bank, , (c) Article 43A, , 23. Recently, the government has set up, Aruna Sundararajan Committee for, making recommendations on:, , (d) Article 43B, 19. Which of the following is not related to, the 97th Amendment Act?, (a) Article 19(1), , (d) Coal auction, , (c) Part IXA, (d) None of the above, 20. In which of the following parts of the, Constitution has the provisions for, the protection of the environment and, wildlife?, Part III, , 2., , Part IV, , 3., , Part IVA, , (b) Telecom sector, (c) Education sector, , (b) Article 43B, , 1., , (a) Indian Railways, , 24. The Indian government has recently, extended the financial aid to which of, the following country for rebuilding, Earthquake-hit Houses?, (a) Nepal, (b) Philippines, (c) Indonesia, (d) Turkey, , Select the correct answers using the options, given below:, , 25. Which bank will provide a line of, credit to Ghana and Mozambique for, agricultural and railway projects?, , (a) 2 and 3 only, , (a) Yes Bank, , (b) 2 only, , (b) IDBI Bank, , (c) 1, 2, and 3, , (c) Exim Bank, , (d) 3 only, , (d) None of the above, , **********

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857, , 26 BK IAS PT 2022 POLITY & CONSTITUTION, , 8574308854, 9717108622, , ANSWER HINTS, DAY - 3, , 1., , Correct Option: (a), , child, or a ward between the ages of, 6-14 years as the case may be., , Explanation:, 2., , Fundamental Duties, •, , According to Article 51A, it shall be the, duty of every citizen of India:, , ➤ To abide by the Constitution and, respect its ideals and institutions,, the National Flag and the National, Anthem., , Correct Option: (b), Explanation:, DPSP based on Socialist Principle, •, , To promote the welfare of the people by, securing a social order permeated by, justice—social, economic and political—, and to minimize inequalities in income,, status, facilities, and opportunities., , •, , To secure, , ➤ To cherish and follow the noble ideals, that inspired the national struggle for, freedom., , ➤ the right to, , adequate, livelihood for all citizens;, , ➤ To uphold and protect the sovereignty,, unity, and integrity of India., , ➤ To defend the country and render, , resources of the community for the, common good;, , ➤ To promote harmony and the spirit of, common brotherhood amongst all the, people of India transcending religious,, linguistic and regional or sectional, diversities and to renounce practices, derogatory to the dignity of women., , ➤ prevention of concentration of wealth, and means of production;, , ➤ equal pay for equal work for men, and women;, , ➤ To value and preserve the rich heritage, , ➤ preservation of the, , health, and, strength of workers and children, against forcible abuse; and, , of the country’s composite culture., , ➤ To protect and improve the natural, , ➤ To develop a scientific temper,, humanism and the, inquiry and reform., , spirit, , of, , ➤, , To promote equal justice and to provide, free legal aid to the poor (Article 39A)., , •, , To secure the right to work, to education, and to public assistance in cases of, unemployment, old age, sickness and, disablement (Article 41)., , •, , To make provision for just and humane, conditions of work and maternity relief, (Article 42)., , •, , To secure a living wage, a decent standard of, living and social and cultural opportunities, for all workers (Article 43)., , abjure violence., spheres of individual and collective, activity so that the nation constantly, rises to higher levels of endeavor and, achievement., , ➤ To provide opportunities for education, by the parent the guardian, to his, , opportunities, for, the, healthy, development of children (Article 39)., , •, , ➤ To safeguard public property and to, ➤ To strive towards excellence in all, , of, , ➤ the equitable distribution of material, , national service when called upon to., , environment including forests, lakes,, rivers, and wildlife and to have, compassion for living creatures., , means

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BK IAS ACADEMY PT 2022, •, , •, , 3., , [27], , To take steps to secure the participation, of workers in the management of, industries (Article 43A)., , 5., , Correct Option: (d), Explanation:, , To raise the level of nutrition and the, standard of living of people and to improve, public health (Article 47)., , Features of the Fundamental Duties, , Correct Option: (d), , •, , These were added by, Amendment Act, 1976., , •, , These are the set of constitutional, duties for Indian citizens only., , •, , Some of them are moral duties while others, are civic duties. For instance, cherishing, noble ideals of freedom struggle is a moral, precept and respecting the Constitution,, National Flag and National Anthem is a, civic duty., , •, , They refer to such values that have been, a part of the Indian tradition, mythology,, religions, and practices. In other words,, they essentially contain just a codification, of tasks integral to the Indian way of life., , •, , Like the Directive Principles, the, fundamental duties are also nonjusticiable. The Constitution does not, provide for its direct enforcement by, the courts. Moreover, there is no legal, sanction against their violation However,, the Parliament is free to enforce them by, suitable legislation., , •, , They are not enforceable by law but, they help the courts in examining, and determining the constitutional, validity of a law., , Explanation:, Implementation of DPSPs, •, , 4., , The 73rd Amendment Act (1992) has been, enacted to provide constitutional status, and protection to these Panchayati Raj, Institutions. It aims to achieve Gandhiji’s, dream of every village being a republic and, self-sufficient., , •, , Adherence to the policy of non-alignment, and Panchsheel will promote international, peace and security., , •, , The Maternity Benefit (Amendment) Act, 2017 has been made to protect the interests, of women workers., , •, , National, Commission, for, Backward, Classes will promote and protect the social,, educational and economic interests of the, weaker sections of the society., , Correct Option: (b), Explanation:, Amendments and DPSP added, •, , The 42nd Amendment Act of 1976 added, four new DPSP:, , 6., , healthy, , Correct Option: (c), , Committees for Fundamental duties, , ➤ Article 39 A: To promote equal justice, , •, , In 1976, the Congress Party set up the, Sardar Swaran Singh Committee to make, recommendations about, fundamental, duties and amended the Constitution by, adding Article 51A., , •, , In 1999, the Verma Committee on, Fundamental Duties of the Citizens (1999), identified the existence of legal provisions, for the implementation of some of the, Fundamental Duties, , and to provide free legal aid to the, poor., , ➤ Article 43 A: To take steps to secure, the participation of workers in the, management of industries., , ➤ Article 48 A: To protect and improve, the environment and to, forests and wildlife., •, , •, , safeguard, , The 44th Amendment Act of 1978 added, Article 38: It requires the State to minimize, inequalities in income, status, facilities,, and opportunities., The 97th Amendment Act of 2011 added, Article 43B: It requires the state to, promote voluntary formation, autonomous, functioning,, democratic control and, professional management of co-operative, societies., , 42nd, , Explanation:, , ➤ Subclause in Article 39: To secure, opportunities, for, the, development of children., , the, , 7., , Correct Option: (d), Explanation:, Acts related to the Fundamental Duties, •, , The Prevention of Insults to National, Honour Act was enacted in 1971 to prevent, disrespect to the Constitution of India, the, National Flag, and the National Anthem.

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857, , 28 BK IAS PT 2022 POLITY & CONSTITUTION, , 8., , •, , The Protection of Civil Rights Act was, enacted in 1955 to provide punishments, for offenses related to caste and religion., , •, , In India too, the original constitution, contained only the fundamental rights and, not the fundamental duties., , •, , The Unlawful Activities (Prevention) Act, was enacted in 1967 to provide for the, declaration of a communal organization as, an unlawful association., , •, , These were added in the Constitution, during the Emergency by the 42nd, Amendment Act., , •, , •, , The Wildlife (Protection) Act of 1972, prohibits trade in rare and endangered, species., , The Fundamental Duties, in, the, Indian Constitution are inspired by, the Constitution of erstwhile USSR as, the socialist countries give equal, importance to the fundamental rights, and duties of their citizens., , Correct Option: (c), Explanation:, Significance of Fundamental Duties, •, , •, , •, , In spite of criticisms and opposition,, the fundamental duties are considered, significant as:, they serve as a reminder to the citizens, that while enjoying their rights, they, should also be conscious of the duties they, owe to their country, their society and to, their fellow citizens;, they serve as a warning against antinational and anti-social activities like, burning the national flag, destroying public, property and so on., , •, , they serve as a source of inspiration for the, citizens and promote a sense of discipline, and commitment among them and, , •, , they help the courts in examining and, determining the constitutional validity of, a law., , •, , •, , The Morarji Desai government sought, to undo many changes introduced in the, Constitution by the 42nd Amendment Act, (1976) but did not annul Article 51A., This shows that there was an eventual, consensus on the necessity and desirability, of including the Fundamental Duties in the, Constitution., In 2002, one more Fundamental Duty, was added by the 86th Amendment Act,, to provide opportunities for education to, his child or ward between the age of six and, fourteen years., , 9., , 8574308854, 9717108622, , Correct Option: (c), Explanation:, Fundamental Duties, •, , Although the rights and duties of, the citizens are correlative and, inseparable, none of the Constitutions of, major democratic countries except India, and Japan contain a list of duties of, citizens., , 10. Correct Option: (d), Explanation:, Directive Principles of State Policy, •, , The phrase ‘Directive Principles of State, Policy’ denotes the ideals that the State, should keep in mind while formulating, policies and enacting laws., , •, , These are the constitutional instructions or, recommendations to the State in legislative,, executive and administrative matters., , •, , According to Article 36, the term ‘State’, in Part IV has the same meaning as, in Article 12 Part III dealing with, Fundamental Rights. Therefore, it includes, the legislative and executive organs of the, central and state governments, all local, authorities and all other public authorities, in the country., , •, , Article12 defines the, includes:, , “state”, , which, , ➤ Government and Parliament of India,, that is, executive and legislative, organs of the Union government., , ➤ Government and legislature, , of, states, that is, executive and legislative, organs of state government., , ➤ All local, , authorities, that is,, municipalities, panchayats, district, boards, improvement trusts, etc., , ➤ All other authorities, that is, statutory, or non-statutory authorities like LIC,, ONGC, SAIL, etc., , ➤ According to the Supreme Court,, even a private body or an agency, working as an instrument of the, State falls within the meaning of the, ‘State’ under Article 12., , 11. Correct Option: (c), Explanation:, Philosophy of Indian Constitution

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BK IAS ACADEMY PT 2022, •, , The guiding philosophy of the Indian, Constitution is enshrined in Part III, (Fundamental Rights) and Part IV, (DPSPs)., , •, , Of the two main rights viz. political and, socio-economic (enshrined in the Preamble, too), Part III provides political rights, whereas, DPSPs provides Indian citizens, the socio-economic rights and justice., , •, , Thus, Part III implies liberalism while Part, IV, the socialism. Since both are equally, important(As per the Supreme Court, in, the Minerva Mills Case, 1980), the Indian, Constitution strikes a perfect balance, between liberalism and socialism., , •, , Articles 15(2), 16(2), 23, 24, etc of Part, III and Articles 38, 39, 41, etc of Part IV, imply the Rawlsian theory of distributive, justice., , [29], 13. Correct Option: (a), Explanation:, 86th Amendment Act, 2002, •, , The Act enshrined right to education as a, fundamental right in Part-III of the Indian, Constitution by adding Article 21A. it, states that “The State shall provide free and, compulsory education to all children of the, age of six to fourteen years in such manner, as the State may, by law, determine”., , •, , Also, the Act substituted “age of fourteen, years” with “age of six years” in the, Article 45 and now its is read as “The State, shall endeavor to provide early childhood, care and education for all children until, they complete the age of six years”, , •, , The clause (k) was added to the Article, 51A stating that- “It shall be the duty, of every citizen of India who is a parent, or guardian to provide opportunities, for education to his child or, as the case, may be, ward between the age of six and, fourteen years”., , 12. Correct Option: (b), Explanation:, Liberal–Intellectual Principles, •, , A total of seven directive principles, are based on the Liberal–Intellectual, Principles. These are-, , ➤ To secure for all citizens a uniform, civil code throughout the country, (Article 44)., , 14. Correct Option: (c), Explanation:, Relationship between Fundamental Rights, and Directive Principles, •, , The Supreme Court in the Minerva, Mills case (1980) held that the Indian, Constitution is founded on the bedrock, of the balance between the Fundamental, Rights and the Directive Principles., , •, , To give absolute primacy to one over the, other is to disturb the harmony of the, Constitution. This harmony and balance, between the two is an essential feature of, the basic structure of the Constitution., , •, , Therefore, the present position is that the, Fundamental Rights enjoy supremacy over, the Directive Principles., , •, , Yet,DirectivePrinciplescanbeimplemented, and the Parliament can amend the, Fundamental Rights for implementing, the Directive Principles, so long as the, amendment does not damage or destroy, the basic structure of the Constitution., , ➤ To provide early childhood care and, education for all children until they, complete the age of six years9 (Article, 45)., , ➤ To organize agriculture, , and, animal husbandry on modern and, scientific lines (Article 48)., , ➤, , To protect, and, improve, the, environment and to safeguard forests, and wildlife (Article 48 A)., , ➤ To protect monuments, places, and, objects of artistic or historic interest, which are declared to be of national, importance (Article 49)., , ➤ To separate the judiciary from the, executive in the public services of the, State (Article 50)., , ➤ To promote international peace, and, security, and, maintain, just and honorable relations, between nations; to foster respect, for international law and treaty, obligations, and to encourage, settlement of international disputes, by arbitration (Article 51)., , 15. Correct Option: (a), Explanation:, Distinction Between Fundamental, Rights and Directive Principles, •, , Fundamental Rights are negative as they, prohibit the State from doing certain

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857, , 30 BK IAS PT 2022 POLITY & CONSTITUTION, , 8574308854, 9717108622, , things; DPSPs are positive as they require, the State to do certain things., •, , •, •, , •, , •, , Fundamental Rights are justiciable, that, is, they are legally enforceable by the, courts in case of their violation; DPSPs are, non-justiciable., FRs have legal sanctions; DPSPs have, moral and political sanctions., , Principles even the Act contravenes the, Articles 14 and 19., , 17. Correct Option: (b), Explanation:, Golaknath Case, •, , FRs promote the welfare, of, the, individual. Hence, they are personal, and individualistic; DPSPs promote the, welfare of the community. Hence, they are, societarian and socialistic., , In the Champakam Dorairajan case (1951),, the Supreme Court ruled that in case of any, conflict between the Fundamental Rights, and the Directive Principles, the former, would prevail., , •, , FRs do not require any legislation for their, implementation as they are automatically, enforced; DPSPs require legislation for, their implementation., , But in the Golaknath case (1967), the, Supreme Court ruled that the Parliament, cannot take away or abridge any of the, Fundamental Rights., , •, , In other words, the Court held that the, Fundamental Rights cannot be amended, for the implementation of the Directive, Principles., , The courts are bound to declare a law, violative of any of the Fundamental Rights, as unconstitutional and invalid; The courts, cannot declare a law violative of any of the, Directive Principles as unconstitutional, and invalid. However, they can uphold the, validity of a law on the ground that it was, enacted to give effect to a directive., , 18. Correct Option: (a), Explanation:, Article 39A, •, , It directs the State “To take steps to, secure the participation of workers in the, management of industries”., , •, , It was added to the Constitution by the 42 nd, Amendment Act 1976., , 16. Correct Option: (a), Explanation:, The 25, Amendment Act, Kesavananda Bharati case, th, , •, , and, , The 25th Amendment Act inserted a new, Article 31C which contained the following, two provisions:, , ➤ No law which seeks to implement, the socialistic Directive Principles, specified in Article 39 (b) and (c) shall, be void on the ground of contravention, of the Fundamental Rights conferred, by Article 14, Article 19 or Article 31, (later repealed), , 19. Correct Option: (c), Explanation:, 97th Amendment Act, 2011, •, , It amended Article 19(1)(c) by adding the, word “co-operatives”., , •, , It added a new Directive Principle (Article, 43B). relating to co-operative societies. It, directs the state to promote voluntary, formation,, autonomous, functioning,, democratic control and professional, management of co-operative societies., , •, , It inserted Part IXB into the Constitution, explaining definitions, subjects of laws,, terms, and conditions, etc of the cooperative societies., , ➤ No law containing a declaration for, giving effect to such policy shall be, questioned in any court on the ground, that it does not give effect to such a, policy., •, , But, in the Kesavananda Bharati case, (1973), the Supreme Court held the, above second provision of Article 31C as, unconstitutional and invalid citing Judicial, Review as a “basic feature”., , •, , However, the above first provision of, Article 31C was held to be constitutional, and valid., , •, , Thus, the Parliament can implement, Articles 39(b) and 39(c) of the Directive, , 20. Correct Option: (c), Explanation:, Environment, Protection, under, Constitutional Framework of India, •, , The specific provisions on environment, protection can be, found, in, the, Constitution.

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BK IAS ACADEMY PT 2022, •, , [31], , Article 21 guarantees the fundamental, Right to Life and Personal L. The right to, clean environment, free from the danger of, diseases and infection is inherent in it., , •, , The right to a healthy environment is an, important attribute of the right to live with, human dignity., , •, , The right to live in a healthy environment, as part of Article 21 of the Constitution was, recognized in the case of Rural Litigation, and Entitlement Kendra vs. State in, 1988 (Popularly known as Dehradun, Quarrying Case)., , •, , In M.C. Mehta vs. Union of India, 1987,, the Supreme Court treated the right to live, in a pollution-free environment as a part of, the fundamental right to life under Article, 21 of the Constitution., , •, , Article 48A of the constitution says that, “the state shall endeavor to protect and, improve the environment and to safeguard, the forests and wildlife of the country”., , •, , Article 51-A (g), says that “It shall be the, duty of every citizen of India to protect and, improve the natural environment including, forests, lakes, rivers, and wildlife and to, have compassion for living creatures.”, , a specific focus on quality as enumerated in, the UGC “Quality Mandate”., , 22. Correct Option: (b), Explanation:, E-auction for forest produce, •, , 23. Correct Option: (b), Explanation:, Aruna Sundararajan Committee:, •, , Explanation:, Aid to Nepal, •, , Explanation:, Paramarsh Scheme:, , •, , Recently, the Ministry for Human Resource, Development has launched ‘Paramarsh’a University Grants Commission (UGC), scheme, for, Mentoring, Institutions, aspiring to achieve National Accreditation, and, Assessment, Council, (NAAC), Accreditation., , Union Telecom Minister has formed Aruna, Sundararajan Committee to spell out, revival plans for the Telecom sector, , 24. Correct Option: (a), , 21. Correct Option: (a), , •, , YES Bank has conducted the first e-auction, of forest produce in Dhanora Mahasangh, in Maharashtra, something it will now aim, to replicate in other states., , India extended a financial aid of 1.6 billion, Nepalese rupees to Nepal to help 50,000, people in Nuwakot and Gorkha districts, to rebuild their houses damaged in the, devastating earthquake in 2015., , 25. Correct Option: (c), Explanation:, LoC to Ghana and Mozambique, •, , The scheme will target 1000 Higher, Education Institutions for mentoring with, , **********, , Export-Import Bank of India (Exim Bank), will provide a line of credit worth USD, 245 million to Ghana and Mozambique for, agricultural and railway projects.

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857, , 32 BK IAS PT 2022 POLITY & CONSTITUTION, , 8574308854, 9717108622, , TEST, DAY - 4, Time Allowed: 30 mins, , 1., , Maximum Marks: 50, , Which of the following can sit in both, Houses of the Parliament?, , 3., , 1., , Comptroller and Auditor General of, India, , 2., , Attorney General of India, , Which of the above statements is/are, correct?, , 3., , Prime Minister, , (a) 1 and 2 only, , 4., , Cabinet Ministers, , (b) 2 and 3 only, , Select the correct option using the codes, given below:, , (c) 3 only, (d) 1, 2, and 3, , (a) 2 and 3 only, (b) 3 only, , 4., , (c) 2, 3, and 4 only, , Consider the following statements:, 1., , The minister is responsible and liable, in the court for discharge of his/her, duties., , 2., , Deputy ministers are not members of, the cabinet and do not attend cabinet, meetings., , 3., , Principal Secretary to the Prime, Minister is the ex-officio head of the, Civil Services Board., , 4., , Only IAS can become the Principal, Secretary to the Prime Minister., , (d) 1, 2, and 4 only, 2., , Which of the following do(es) not take, part in the presidential election?, 1., , Nominated Anglo-Indian member from, Uttar Pradesh Assembly, , 2., , Elected members from Puducherry, Assembly, , 3., , Nominated members of Rajya Sabha, , Select the correct option using the codes, given below:, , Which of the above statements is/are, correct?, , (a) 2 only, , (a) 2 only, , (b) 1 and 2 only, , (b) 1 and 3 only, , (c) 1 and 3 only, , (c) 1, 3, and 4 only, , (d) None of the above, 3., , Project Monitoring Group which tracks, stalled investment projects is also, under its jurisdiction., , (d) 2, 3, and 4 only, , Consider the following statements:, 1., , Prime Minister’s Office(PMO) was, established in 1977., , 2., , Atomic Energy Regulatory Board, (AERB) comes under the jurisdiction of, the PMO., , 5., , Given below are two statements, one is, labeled as Assertion (A) and the other, is as Reason(R)., A. The president can dismiss the Prime, Minister at any time.

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BK IAS ACADEMY PT 2022, , [33], , R. The Prime minister holds office during, the pleasure of the President., , (a) 1 only, (b) 1 and 2 only, , Select the correct answer from the codes, given below:, (a) Both A and R are true and R is the, correct explanation of A., (b) Both A and R are true but, R is not the, correct explanation of A., (c) A is true, but R is false., (d) A is false, but R is true., 6., , Which of the following statements is/, are incorrect?, 1., , The Constitution does not require that, a person must prove his majority in, the Lok Sabha before he is appointed, as the Prime Minister., , 2. The Prime Minister has to be a member, of any of the two Houses of parliament, at the time of appointment., Select the correct option using the codes, given below:, (a) 1 only, (b) 2 only, , 7., , 9., , The security money to be paid by the, Presidential, and, Vice-presidential, candidates are deposited in which of, the following banks?, 1., , Reserve Bank of India, , 2., , State Bank of India, , 3., , Central Bank of India, , 4., , Government Treasury, , Select the correct option using the codes, given below:, (a) 1 only, (b) 1 and 4 only, (c) 2 and 4 only, (d) 1, 2, 3 and 4, 10. The word “cabinet ” is mentioned in, which of the following Articles of the, Indian Constitution?, , (c) Both 1 and 2, , (a) Article 75, , (d) Neither 1 nor 2, , (b) Article 78, , Which of the following Amendment Acts, made it mandatary to the President to, be bound by the advice of the council, of ministers?, (a) 24th Amendment Act, (b) 25th Amendment Act, (c) 42nd Amendment Act, (d) 44th Amendment Act, , 8., , (c) 3 only, (d) 1, 2, and 3, , Which of the following statements is/, are correct?, 1., , The state legislature cannot override, the veto power of the President., , 2., , The 42 Constitutional Amendment, Act made it obligatory for the President, to give his assent to a constitutional, amendment bill., , 3., , nd, , Even the use of “Pocket Veto” is not the, discretionary power of the President., , Select the correct option using the codes, given below:, , (c) Article 352, (d) Nowhere in the Constitution, 11. Given below are two statements, one is, labeled as Assertion (A) and the other, is as Reason(R)., A. In case of the vacancy in the president’s, office, the Vice-President becomes the, President., R. The office of Vice-President has been, created to maintain the political, continuity of the Indian State., Select the correct answer from the codes, given below:, (a) Both A and R are true and R is the, correct explanation of A., (b) Both A and R are true but, R is not the, correct explanation of A., (c) A is true, but R is false., (d) A is false, but R is true.

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857, , 34 BK IAS PT 2022 POLITY & CONSTITUTION, , 8574308854, 9717108622, , 12. Given below are two statements, one is, labeled as Assertion (A) and the other, is as Reason(R)., , 3., , The nominated members of either, House of Parliament can participate in, this process., , A. The President is the ex officio member of, the Parliament., , Which of the above statements is/are, correct?, , R. The President, Parliament., , (a) 1 only, , is, , a, , part, , of, , the, , (b) 3 only, , Select the correct answer from the codes, given below:, , (c) 2 and 3 only, , (a) Both A and R are true and R is the, correct explanation of A., (b) Both A and R are true but, R is not the, correct explanation of A., (c) A is true, but R is false., (d) A is false, but R is true., 13. Consider the following statement:, 1., 2., , The President has no constitutional, discretion., He can appoint the Prime Minister, when no single party attains majority, after elections to the Lok Sabha., , 1., , Elected members of Lok Sabha, , 2., , Nominated members of Lok Sabha, , 3., , Elected, members, Assemblies, , 4., , Nominated members of Rajya Sabha, , of, , Legislative, , Select the correct answer using the code, given below:, (b) 1, 2, and 4 only, , (a) 1 only, , (c) 2, 3, 4 only, , (b) 2 only, , (d) 1, 2, 3 and 4, , (c) Both 1 and 2, (d) Neither 1 nor 2, 14. With reference to the functions of the, Prime Minister, which of the following, statements is correct?, (a) The salaries and allowances, Ministers are decided by him., , of, , (b) He advises the President to dismiss, the minister in case of difference of, opinion., for, , 17. The Supreme Court has examined, the pardoning power of the President, under different cases and laid down, various principles. In this context,, which of the following statements are, correct?, 1., , The petitioner for mercy has no right, to an oral hearing by the President., , 2., , The power is to be exercised by the, President on the advice of the Union, Cabinet., , 3., , The pardoning power does not come, under judicial review., , the, , (d) He allocates funds to each Ministry., 15. Consider the following statements, regarding the removal of President:, 1. The President can be removed from, office by a process of impeachment for, ‘proved misbehavior and incapacity’., 2., , 16. Which of the following groups, participate(s) in the election of VicePresident?, , (a) 1 only, , Which of the above statements is/are, correct?, , (c) He, advises, President, appointment of Speaker., , (d) 1, 2, and 3, , The impeachment charges, against, him can be initiated only by the Lower, House., , Select the correct answer using the code, given below:, (a) 1 and 2 only, (b) 2 and 3 only, (c) 1 and 3 only, (d) 1, 2 and 3

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BK IAS ACADEMY PT 2022, , [35], , 18. Consider the following statements:, , (c) 2 and 3 only, , 1., , The Council of Ministers exists even, after the dissolution of Lok Sabha., , 2., , The advice tendered to the president, by the Council of Ministers does not, come under judicial review., , Which of the above statements is/are, correct?, , 21. Which country recently became the, Deputy Chair of the general body of the, Parliamentary Union of Organisation, of Islamic Cooperation (OIC)?, (a) Afghanistan, (b) Pakistan, , (a) 1 only, , (c) Kingdom of Saudi Arabia, , (b) 2 only, , (d) Qatar, , (c) Both 1 and 2, (d) Neither 1 nor 2, 19. Which of the following statements are, incorrect?, 1., , The Union Ministers are responsible to, the President only., , 2., , The Prime Minister is appointed by the, President but other ministers are by, the Prime Minister himself., , 3., , (d) 1, 2 and 3, , Parliamentary secretaries are the part, of the Council ministries., , Select the correct option using the codes, given below:, (a) 1 only, , 22. A joint military, Kurukshetra–2019’, between:, , exercise ‘Bold, is, conducted, , (a) India and Indonesia, (b) India and Nepal, (c) India and Singapore, (d) India and Bhutan, 23. Door-step banking facility named, “Bank on Wheels” has been introduced, by which of the following bank?, (a) India Bank, (b) Union Bank of India, (c) Indian Overseas Bank, , (b) 2 only, , (d) Punjab National Bank, , (c) 1 and 2 only, (d) 1, 2, and 3, 20. Consider the following statements:, 1., , The highest law officer of the, Government of India is appointed by, the Parliament., , 2., , He/she, is, Parliament., , 3., , He/she must represent Government in, Courts., , responsible, , to, , the, , 24. “Momo-3”, the first privately developed, rocket, belongs to which country?, (a) China, (b) Japan, (c) Taiwan, (d) South Korea, 25. Amasebailu, recently in news is a:, (a) Festival of Karnataka, , Which of the above statements is/are, incorrect?, , (b) Karnataka’s first solar-powered Gram, Panchayat, , (a) 1 only, , (c) Faction of Lingayat, , (b) 1 and 2 only, , (d) Karnataka’s first Organic Block, , **********

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857, , 36 BK IAS PT 2022 POLITY & CONSTITUTION, , 8574308854, 9717108622, , ANSWER HINTS, DAY - 4, , 1., , Correct Option: (c), , •, , The PMO provides secretarial assistance, to the Prime Minister. It is headed by the, Principal Secretary to the Prime Minister., , •, , The office houses the Prime Minister, and few selected officers of Indian Civil, Service who work with him to manage and, coordinate government and his office. It is, located at the South Block of the Secretariat, Building., , •, , The PMO was originally called the, Prime Minister’s Secretariat which, was established in 1947, , •, , In 1977 it was renamed as PMO during, the Morarji Desai ministry., , •, , AERB, BARC, UCIL, TIFR and its sister, institutes, Department of Space including, ISRO, etc are under its jurisdiction., , •, , Project Monitoring Group was created, to track stalled investment projects, both, in the public and private sectors and to, remove the implementation bottlenecks. It, was established in 2013 under Cabinet, Secretariat but it was removed into, the PMO in 2014., , Explanation:, •, , •, , •, , 2., , Council of Ministers including the, Prime Minister is responsible for, Lok Sabha in particular & to the, Parliament in general. So they are, entitled to be present in both Houses, proceeding if he is deemed to do so. But, she/he cannot vote in the House of which, she/he is not the member., Attorney-General too can sit in both, Houses but cannot vote in any of the, Houses., CAG does not sit in the Parliament but, his report is laid by the President on the, floor of the Houses., , Correct Option: (a), Explanation:, Presidential election, •, , The President is elected not directly by, the people but by members of the electoral, college consisting of:, , ➤ the elected members of both, , the, , Houses of Parliament;, , ➤ the elected members of the legislative, assemblies of the states; and, , ➤, , •, , 3., , Correct Option: (c), Explanation:, Political and permanent executive, •, , The Principal Secretary to the Prime, Minister is generally a civil servant,, commonly from the Indian Administrative, Service and occasionally from the, Indian Foreign Service (for example, P N, Haksar in the Indira Gandhi government.)., He/She is the senior-most bureaucrat in,, and the administrative head of, the Prime, Minister’s Office., , •, , The head of the Civil Services Board is, the Cabinet Secretary who is also head, of the Cabinet Secretariat, the Indian, Administrative Service, and all civil, services under the rules of business of the, government., , the elected members of the, legislative assemblies, of, the, Union Territories of Delhi and, Puducherry, , The nominated members of the, Parliament, take, part, in, the, impeachment process but not in the, election process., , Correct Option: (b), Explanation:, PMO, , 4.

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BK IAS ACADEMY PT 2022, •, , Article 74 provides for a council of ministers, with the Prime Minister at the head to aid, and advise the President in the exercise of, his functions., , •, , In India, unlike in Britain, there is no, provision in the Constitution for the, system of legal responsibility of a, minister., , •, , •, , 5., , [37], a person must prove his majority in, the Lok Sabha before he is appointed, as the Prime Minister. The President, may first appoint him the Prime Minister, and then ask him to prove his majority in, the Lok Sabha within a reasonable period., , 7., , Correct Option: (c), Explanation:, , Moreover, the courts are barred from, inquiring into the nature of advice rendered, by the ministers to the president., , Constitutional position of the President, •, , The Constitution of India has provided, for a parliamentary form of government., According to Dr. Ambedkar, the President, is the head of the State but not of the, Executive. He represents the nation but, does not rule the nation. He is the symbol, of the nation. His place in administration, is that of a ceremonial device or a seal, by which the nation’s decisions are made, known., , •, , There shall be a council of ministers with, the Prime Minister at the head to aid and, advise the President who ‘shall’, in the, exercise of his functions, act in accordance, with such advice. This mandatary provision, (‘shall’) was added to the Article 74 by 42nd, Amendment Act, 1976., , •, , The President may return a matter once, for reconsideration of his ministers, but, the reconsidered advice shall be binding., This provision was added by the 44th, Amendment Act,1978., , Deputy Ministers are not given independent, charge of ministries/departments. They, are attached to the cabinet ministers or, ministers of state and assist them in their, administrative,political,andparliamentary, duties. They are not members of the, cabinet and do not attend cabinet, meetings., , Correct Option: (d), Explanation:, Office of Prime Minister, •, , •, , •, , 6., , The term of the Prime Minister is not, fixed and he holds office during the, pleasure of the president., However, this does not mean that the, president can dismiss the Prime, Minister at any time. So long as the, Prime Minister enjoys the majority support, in the Lok Sabha, he cannot be dismissed, by the President., However, if he loses the confidence of the, Lok Sabha, he must resign or the President, can dismiss him., , 8., , Correct Option: (a), Explanation:, Powers of President, •, , The President can neither ratify nor rejects, nor return the bill, but simply keeps the bill, pending for an indefinite period. It is called, Pocket Veto and is the discretionary, power of the President., , •, , The President has no veto power in respect, of a constitutional amendment bill. The 24th, Constitutional Amendment Act of 1971, made it obligatory for the President to give, his assent to a constitutional amendment, bill., , •, , In case of the state bills, the President may, direct the governor to return the bill (if it, is not a money bill) for the reconsideration, of the state legislature. And if it is passed, again, the President is not bound to give, his assent to the bill. This means that, the state legislature, unlike Parliament,, cannot override the veto power of the, President., , Correct Option: (c), Explanation:, Office of Prime Minister, •, , •, , Constitutionally, the Prime Minister may, be a member of any of the two Houses of, parliament. But in 1997, the Supreme, Court held that a person who is not a, member of either House of Parliament, can be appointed as Prime Minister, for six months, within which, he should, become a member of either House of, Parliament; otherwise, he ceases to be the, Prime Minister., In 1980, the Delhi High Court held that, the Constitution does not require that

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857, , 38 BK IAS PT 2022 POLITY & CONSTITUTION, , 9., , Correct Option: (b), , 8574308854, 9717108622, , 13. Correct Option: (c), , Explanation:, , Explanation:, , Security deposit, , Situational, president, , •, , The Security Deposit for the election of, President and Vice-President of Rs.15000/is deposited either in cash with the, Returning Officer or a receipt showing, that the amount has been deposited by the, candidate or on his behalf in the Reserve, Bank of India or in a Government, Treasury., , •, , The security deposit is liable to be forfeited, in case the candidate fails to secure onesixth of the votes polled., , •, , Indian constitution didn’t mention it, originally but inserted in Article 352 by, the 44th Amendment Act, 1978., , 11. Correct Option: (d), Explanation:, , when it cannot prove the confidence in, the Lok Sabha., , ➤ Dissolution of the Lok Sabha if the, council of ministers has lost its, majority., , 14. Correct Option: (b), Explanation:, Functions of the Prime Minister, •, , Vice-President, •, , be appointed as ministers by the, President. The President can appoint, only those persons as ministers, who are recommended by the Prime, Minister., , ➤ He allocates and reshuffles various, portfolios among the ministers., , • The Constitution has not assigned any, significant function to the Vice-President, in that capacity. Hence, some scholars call, him ‘His Superfluous Highness’., , ➤ He presides over the meeting of the, council of ministers and influences its, decisions., , ➤ He guides, directs, controls, and, , • This office was created with a view to, maintain the political continuity of the, Indian State., , 12. Correct Option: (d), Explanation:, President, , The Prime Minister enjoys the following, powers as head of the Union Council of, Ministers:, , ➤ He recommends persons who can, , Unlike American Vice-President, the, Indian Vice-President does not assume, the office of the President when it falls, vacant for the unexpired term. He merely, serves as an acting President until the, new President assumes charge., , • The Constitution (Article 64) has provided, the Vice-President as the ex officio, Chairman of Rajya Sabha., , As per Article 74 President is bound by the, advice of the council of ministers headed, by the Prime Minister. Though he has, no constitutional discretion, he has some, situational discretion. In other words, the, President can act on his discretion (that is,, without the advice of the ministers) under, the following situations:, , ➤ Dismissal of the council of ministers, , Cabinet, , •, , of, , no party has a clear majority in the, Lok Sabha or when the Prime Minister, in office dies suddenly and there is no, obvious successor., , Explanation:, , Cabinet is the supreme policy-making,, highest decision making & supreme, executive body of the central government., , powers, , ➤ Appointment of Prime Minister when, , 10. Correct Option: (c), , •, , discretionary, , coordinates the activities of all the, ministers., , ➤ He can bring about the collapse of the, council of ministers by resigning from, office., •, , Article 75(6): The salaries and, allowances of Ministers shall be such, as Parliament may from time to time, by law determine and, until Parliament, so determines, shall be as specified in the, Second Schedule.

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BK IAS ACADEMY PT 2022, •, , [39], ➤ The petitioner for mercy has no right, , The Speaker is elected by the Lok, Sabha from amongst its members;, President has no role to play., , to an oral hearing by the President., , ➤ The President can examine, , the, evidence afresh and take a view, different from the view taken by the, court., , • Funds are granted by Parliament to, each ministry, Prime Minster does not, play an exclusive role in this context., , ➤ The power is to be exercised by the, , 15. Correct Option: (b), , President on the advice of the union, cabinet., , Explanation:, , ➤ The President is not bound to give, , Removal of President, , reasons for his order., , • The President may be removed from his, office before the expiry of his term, only for, the “violation of the Constitution” by, the process of impeachment., • For impeachment, a charge against him, may be initiated by either house of, Parliament. The resolution can be moved, only after giving at least 14 days written, notice signed by not less than 1/4th of the, total number of members of the House., •, , •, , •, , The resolution must be passed by a, majority of not less than 2/3rd of the total, membership of the House. The charge is, then investigated by the other house., The President has the right to appear and, to be represented at such investigation. If, the majority declaring that the charge is, proved, such resolution majority declaring, that the charge is proved, such resolution, shall have the effect of removing the, President from his office from the date on, which the resolution is so passed., All the members of both Houses, participate in the impeachment process., , ➤ Where the earlier petition for mercy, has been rejected by the President,, stay cannot be obtained by filing, another petition., • The exercise of power by the President, is not immune to judicial review. The, Supreme Court in the Epuru Sudhakar, case has given a small window for judicial, review of the pardon powers of President, and governors for the purpose of ruling out, any arbitrariness., , 18. Correct Option: (c), Explanation:, Article 74, • Article 74(1) states that there shall (must), be a Council of Ministers with the Prime, Minister at the head to aid and advise the, President who shall, in the exercise of his, functions. This means that the Council of, Ministers exists even after the dissolution, of Lok Sabha., •, , 16. Correct Option: (a), Explanation:, Elections of Vice-President, • Vice President is elected indirectly by the, Electoral College, consisting of all the, Members of Parliament (both elected, & nominated)., • State Legislature do not participate in, Vice-President’s election., , 17. Correct Option: (a), Explanation:, Pardoning Power of the President, • Article 72 of the Indian Constitution, empowers the President to grant pardon., •, , The Supreme Court examined the, pardoning power of the President under, different cases and laid down the following, principles:, , Article 74(2) says that the advice, tendered to the president cannot be, inquired into any court, thus it does not, come under judicial review., , 19. Correct Option: (c), Explanation:, Council of Ministers, • Article 75(1) states that the Prime Minister, shall be appointed by the President and, the other Ministers shall be appointed, by the President on the advice of the, Prime Minister., • Article 75(2) states that the Ministers shall, hold office during the pleasure of the, President., • Article 75(3) states that the Council of, Ministers shall be collectively responsible, to the House of the People., • Parliamentary, secretaries, the, members of the last category of the

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857, , 40 BK IAS PT 2022 POLITY & CONSTITUTION, , council of ministers. However, since, 1967, no parliamentary secretaries have, been appointed except during the first, phase of Rajiv Gandhi Government., , 20. Correct Option: (d), , 8574308854, 9717108622, , 23. Correct Option: (c), Explanation:, Bank on Wheels, •, , Indian Overseas Bank (IOB) announced, that it has launched ‘Bank on Wheels’, facility in 14 of its lead districts in Tamil, Nadu and Kerala, besides Vijayawada., , •, , The bank said the mobile van facility will, enable the public, especially senior citizens,, conveniently get door-step banking facility, available at identified locations of the lead, districts, , •, , A dedicated banking correspondent will, accompany the vehicle with a micro ATM, inside the van to take care of services, such as account opening, enrollment of, customers in Social Security Scheme,, passbook printing, and other financial, inclusion activities., , Explanation:, Attorney General of India, •, , Article 76 says that the President shall, appoint a person who is qualified to be, appointed a Judge of the Supreme Court to, be Attorney General for India., , •, , The Attorney General shall hold office, during the pleasure of the President i.e. he/, she is responsible to the President., , •, , Attorney General has the right of, audience in all courts in the territory of, India, but he/she can also send Solicitor, General of India or, Additional, Solicitor General to represent the, Government., , 21. Correct Option: (b), , 24. Correct Option: (b), Explanation:, Momo-3, , Explanation:, , •, , A, Japanese, aerospace, startup, successfully launched a small rocket on, Saturday, making it the country’s first, privately developed model to reach outer, space., , •, , Interstellar Technology Inc. said the, unmanned Momo-3 launched from its test, site in Hokkaido and reached about 110, kilometers (68 miles) in altitude before, falling into the Pacific Ocean after 10, minutes of flight time., , Parliamentary Union of Organisation of, Islamic Cooperation (OIC), •, , •, , Pakistan has been elected as the deputy, chairman of the general body of the, Parliamentary Union of Organisation of, Islamic Cooperation (OIC), an influential, grouping of 57 countries, majority of which, are Muslim-dominated., According to an official announcement,, Pakistan, was, elected, deputy, chairman of the general body of, the Parliamentary Union of the, OIC member States (PUIC) in Rabat,, Morocco, , 22. Correct Option: (c), , 25. Correct Option: (b), Explanation:, Amasebailu, •, , Amasebailu in Kundapura Taluk of Udupi, district has become Karnataka’s first, solar-powered Gram Panchayat., , •, , Over 1800 houses were provided solar, lamps at a total cost of 2.13 crore rupees., , Explanation:, Bold Kurukshetra–2019, •, , Singapore Armed Forces (SAF) and, the Indian Army joined hands to conduct, a three-day joint exercise in India between, April 8 and April 11., , •, , The project was funded by Centre and, State Government in the ratio of 30:20 and, the rest was paid by the Panchayat and, charitable organizations., , •, , Named as ‘Bold Kurukshetra 2019,’ the, joint exercise is being conducted to develop, military technology, enhance the maritime, security and bolster the nations’ fight, against terrorism., , •, , Amasebailu Charitable Trust President A, G Kodgi has said that the solar lamps have, a guarantee of five years and any faulty, lamps will be replaced by the supplier, within the guarantee period., , **********

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BK IAS ACADEMY PT 2022, , [41], , TEST, DAY - 5, Time Allowed: 30 mins, , 1., , Consider the following statements, regarding the Question Hour in the, Parliament:, , 2., , The Constitution provides that the, maximum strength of the Lower House, to be 550 elected members., , 1., , A starred question requires an oral, answer and supplementary questions, cannot follow., , 3., , If a Cabinet Minister is from the Rajya, Sabha, he shall be the Leader of the, House., , 2., , An unstarred question requires a, written answer and supplementary, questions cannot follow., , 4., , Prime Minister is always the leader of, the Lok Sabha., , (a) 1, 2 and 4 only, , (a) 1 only, , (b) 1, 2, and 3 only, , (b) 2 only, , (c) 3 and 4 only, , (c) Both 1 and 2, , (d) 1, 2, 3, and 4, , Which of the following statements is/, are incorrect?, 1., , 2., 3., , The Constitution has fixed the term of, office of members of the Rajya Sabha, to six years., The Rajya Sabha was first constituted, on 26 January 1950., Allocation of seats in Rajya Sabha is, similar to the Senate of the USA., , 4., , Which of the following statements, regarding the prorogation of the house, is/are correct?, 1., , Prorogation terminates both the sitting, as well as the session of the House., , 2., , Prorogation of the house is done by the, presiding officer., , Select the correct answer using the code, given below:, (a) 1 only, , Select the correct option using codes given, below:, , (b) 2 only, , (a) 3 only, , (d) Neither 1 nor 2, , (b) 1 and 2 only, (c) 1 and 3 only, (d) 1, 2, and 3, 3., , Select the correct option using codes given, below:, , Which of the above statements is/are, correct?, , (d) Neither 1 nor 2, 2., , Maximum Marks: 50, , Which of the following statements are, correct?, 1., , The origin of the Lok Sabha traces back, to the Charter Act of 1853., , (c) Both 1 and 2, , 5. Consider the following statements, regarding the Contingency Fund of, India:, 1., , According to the Indian constitution, the, President can establish a Contingency, Fund of India., , 2., , Contingency Fund of India is placed at, the disposal of the Parliament.

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857, , 42 BK IAS PT 2022 POLITY & CONSTITUTION, , Which of the above statements is/are, incorrect?, (a) 1 only, (b) 2 only, (c) Both 1 and 2, , 8574308854, 9717108622, , 9., , Which of the following statements is/, are correct?, 1. The Chairman of Rajya Sabha presides, all the committees of the House., 2., , (d) Neither 1 nor 2, 6., , Which of the following statements is/, are correct?, 1. There is no provision for a joint sitting, in case of a deadlock over a Constitution, Amendment Bill., 2., , In the history of Parliament of India,, there have been only three occasions of, the Joint Sitting of the Parliament., , 3., , Rajya Sabha can neither introduce nor, amend the Money Bills., , Select the correct option using codes given, below:, , Select the correct option using codes given, below:, (a) 1 only, (b) 2 only, (c) Both 1 and 2, (d) Neither 1 nor 2, 10. Which of the following statements are, incorrect?, 1. Deputy Speaker can decide whether a, bill is a money bill or not., 2., , Deputy Speaker alike Speaker can only, exercise a casting vote in the event of a tie., , 3., , In the order of precedence, the Speaker, has a higher rank than all cabinet, ministers, except the Prime Minister., , 4., , Speaker can be removed by the Lok, Sabha by a resolution passed by an, absolute majority., , (a) 1 only, (b) 2 and 3 only, (c) 1 and 3 only, (d) 1, 2, and 3, 7., , Which of the following statements is/, are correct?, 1. The office of the Speaker of Lok Sabha, is responsible to the Parliament., 2., , The Deputy Speaker is responsible to, the Speaker., , 3., , The term of Office of the Speaker ends, as soon as Lok Sabha gets dissolved., Only Speaker or the Deputy Speaker, can preside over the Lok Sabha., , 4., , Select the correct option using codes given, below:, (a) 1 only, (b) 1, 2 and 4 only, , Select the correct option using codes given, below:, (a) 1 and 4 only, (b) 2 and 4 only, (c) 1, 2 and 4 only, (d) 1 and 3 only, 11. Which of the following statements, regarding parliamentary proceeding, is/are incorrect?, 1., , The first hour of every parliamentary, sitting is slotted for Zero Hour., , 2., , Unlike the question hour, the zero, hour is mentioned in the Rules of, Procedure., A Bill becomes an Act as soon as passed, by both the Houses of Parliament., , (c) 2 and 4 only, , 8., , Unlike the Speaker of Lok Sabha, the, Chairman of the Rajya Sabha does not, have a right to cast a vote., , (d) 1, 2, 3, and 4, , 3., , Which of the following Presidents, of India was also a Speaker of Lok, Sabha?, , Select the correct option using codes given, below:, , (a) Neelam Sanjiva Reddy, , (a) 1 only, , (b) Varahagiri Venkata Giri, , (b) 2 only, , (c) Giani Zail Singh, , (c) 1 and 2 only, , (d) None of the above, , (d) 1, 2 and 3

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BK IAS ACADEMY PT 2022, 12. Which of the following statements, regarding the ‘Leader ofthe Opposition’, is/are correct?, 1., , The Leader of the Opposition (LoP) is a, statutory position in India., , 2., , The 1977 Act mandates that the Leader, of the Opposition to the Government, must be from that party which have at, least one-tenth of the total number of, members of the House”., , [43], Select the correct answer using the code, given below:, (a) 1 only, (b) 1 and 2 only, (c) 1 and 3 only, (d) 2 and 3 only, 15. Which of the following statements, regarding parliamentary proceeding, is/are correct?, , 3., , The first LoP in Rajya Sabha was, formed in 1969., , 1., , Censure Motion can be moved against, the entire council of ministers., , 4., , The Lok Sabha of India was without, LoP during 1980-89., , 2., , If it is passed in the Lok Sabha, the, council of ministers must resign from, office., , Select the correct option using codes given, below:, (a) 1, 2, and 3 only, (b) 1, 2, and 4 only, (c) 3 and 4 only, (d) 1,3, and 4, 13. Consider the following statements:, 1., , Confidence motion can be moved in, both the Houses whereas, the noconfidence motion can only be moved, in Lok Sabha., , 2., , Parliament cannot make laws on the, state list except in emergencies., , 3., , Certain Financial Bills also cannot be, introduced in Rajya Sabha but it can, reject or amend the Bills., , Which of the above statements is correct?, (a) 3 only, , Select the correct option using codes given, below:, (a) 1 only, (b) 2 only, (c) Both 1 and 2, (d) Neither 1 nor 2, 16. Which of the following does not, imply the Judicial Powers of the, Parliament?, (a) Impeachment of President, (b) Punishment for its contempt, (c) Recommendation of the removal of, judges, (d) Ratification of the pardoning by the, President, 17. With regard to enactment of Budget,, consider the following statements:, 1., , The, budget, shall, distinguish, expenditure on revenue account from, other expenditure., , 2., , Parliament can reduce or increase a, tax but cannot abolish it., No demand for a grant shall be made, except on the recommendation of the, Speaker., , (b) 2 and 3 only, (c) 1 and 2 only, (d) 1 only, 14. Which of the following constitutes the, special powers of the Rajya Sabha?, , 3., , 1., , It can authorize the Parliament to, create new All-India Services common, to both the Centre and states., , 2., , It can authorize the Parliament to, make a law on a subject enumerated in, the State List and Concurrent List., , (b) 1 only, , Removal of the Vice-President., , (d) None of the above, , 3., , Which of the above statements given above, is/are correct?, (a) 1 and 2 only, (c) 2 and 3 only

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857, , 44 BK IAS PT 2022 POLITY & CONSTITUTION, , 8574308854, 9717108622, , 18. Which of the following factors have, led to the decline of the Indian, Parliament?, , 21. Gottiprolu, recently excavated by, the Archeological Survey of India, is, situated on the bank of which river?, , 1., , Frequent promulgation of ordinances., , (a) Cauvery, , 2., , Lack of strong and steady opposition in, the Parliament, , (b) Narmada, , 3., , Frequent, amendment, Constitution., , 4., , of, , the, , (c) Swarnamukhi, (d) Krishna, , Large size of the Parliament, , Select the correct answer using the code, given below:, (a) 1, 2, and 3 only, , 22. Recently, the Shodh Shuddh initiative, is in news. It is, (a) Anti-corruption initiative, , (b) 2, 3, and 4 only, , (b) Program to give, whistleblowers, , (c) 1, 2, and 4 only, , (c) Plagiarism Detention Software, , (d) 1, 2, 3, and 4, , (d) Cleanliness, Railways, , 19. When a Cut Motion states that the, amount of the demand be reduced by, Rs 1, it is called as, (a) Economy Cut Motion, , protection, , program, , by, , to, , Indian, , 23. Tatpar App is launched by, (a) Central Information Commission, (b) Delhi Police, , (b) Token Cut Motion, , (c) Central Bureau of Investigation, , (c) Policy Cut Motion, , (d) Department of Telecommunications, , (d) None of the above, 20. Which of the following statements, regarding ‘delegated legislation’ is/are, incorrect?, 1., , It is in conflict with the ‘parliamentary, democracy’., , 2., , The rules made by this process need, not to be laid in the Parliament., , 3., , It is not under the purview of judicial, review., , Select the correct option using codes given, below:, , 24. Which of the following countries is not, a member of the Shanghai Cooperation, Organization?, (a) Uzbekistan, (b) India, (c) Turkmenistan, (d) Tajikistan, 25. Pegasus, which was recently in the, news, is a, (a) Extinct bird declared by IUCN, , (a) 2 only, , (b) Spyware, , (b) 3 only, (c) 1 and 3 only, , (c) A newly found disease in Central, Africa, , (d) 2 and 3 only, , (d) A protoplanet, , **********

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BK IAS ACADEMY PT 2022, , [45], , ANSWER HINTS, DAY - 5, , 1., , Correct Option: (b), , •, , The Constitution has not fixed the term, of office of members of the Rajya Sabha, and left it to the Parliament. Subsequently,, the Parliament in the Representation of, the People Act (1951) provided that, the term of office of a member of the, Rajya Sabha shall be six years., , •, , The Fourth Schedule of the Constitution, deals with the allocation of seats in the, Rajya Sabha to the states and union, territories. The allocation is based on, the population and varies from 1 to 31, whereas in the USA it is equal (2) from, each state., , Explanation:, Question Hour, •, , •, , The first hour of every parliamentary, sitting is slotted for this. During this, time, the members ask questions and the, ministers usually give answers., The questions are of three kinds, namely,, starred, unstarred and short notice., , ➤, , A starred question (distinguished, by an asterisk) requires an oral, answer and hence supplementary, questions can follow., , ➤ An unstarred question, on the, other hand, requires a written, answer and hence, supplementary, questions cannot follow., , ➤ A short notice question is one that is, , •, , •, , 2., , 3., , Correct Option: (b), Explanation:, Parliament, , asked by giving a notice of less than, ten days. It is answered orally., , •, , Parliament is the supreme legislative body, of India., , In addition to the ministers, the questions, can also be asked to the private members., Thus, a question may be addressed to a, private member if the subject matter of the, question relates to some Bill, resolution or, other matter connected with the business, of the House for which that member is, responsible. The procedure in regard, to such a question is the same as that, followed in the case of questions addressed, to a minister., , •, , The origin of Rajya Sabha can be traced, back to 1919 when in pursuance to the, Government of India Act, 1919, a second, chamber known as the Council of States, was created whereas, the origin of the, Lok Sabha traces back to the Charter, Act of 1853, when for the first time a, 12 member Legislative Council was, established., , •, , The Constitution (Article 81) provides, that the maximum strength of the House, to be 552 (550 elected) members - 530, members to represent the States,, 20 members to represent the Union, Territories, and 2 members to be, nominated by the President from the, Anglo-Indian Community. At present, the, strength of the House is 545 members., , •, , The senior-most Minister, who is a, member of Rajya Sabha, is appointed, by the Prime Minister as Leader of the, House., , The list of starred, unstarred, short notice, questions and questions to private members, are printed in green, white, light pink and, yellow colour, respectively, to distinguish, them from one another., , Correct Option: (d), Explanation:, Rajya Sabha, •, , The Rajya Sabha was first constituted in, April 1952 after the first general election.

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857, , 46 BK IAS PT 2022 POLITY & CONSTITUTION, , •, , 4., , 8574308854, 9717108622, , Prime Minister is the Leader of the, House if he/she is a member of the, House. For instance, if he/she is a member, of the Rajya Sabha then he shall be the, Leader of the Rajya Sabha but not Lok, Sabha., , 6., , It is kept under the Finance Secretary on, behalf of the President., , •, , Each state in India has its own consolidated, and contingency funds., , Correct Option: (d), , Correct Option: (a), , Explanation:, , Explanation:, , Joint Sitting of the Houses, , Prorogation, •, , 5., , •, , Prorogation means the termination, of a session of the House by an order, made by the President under article, 85(2)(a) of the Constitution., , •, , Prorogation terminates both, sitting and session of the House., , •, , Usually, within a few days after the House, is adjourned sine die by the presiding, officer, the President issues a notification, for the prorogation of the session. However,, the President can also prorogue the House, while in session., , •, , The period spanning between the, prorogation of a House and its reassembly, in a new session is called ‘recess’., , •, , A joint sitting of the Houses is convened for, any deadlock between the two Houses over, a Bill., , •, , In the case of Money Bills, there is no, question of a deadlock as the Rajya Sabha, has a limited say in such matters. Only, Lok Sabha can introduce the Money, Bills. Rajya Sabha has to return the, Money Bill to Lok Sabha within a period, of fourteen days from its receipt. Rajya, Sabha cannot amend the Money, Bill directly; it can only recommend, amendments to the Bill and Lok Sabha, may either accept or reject all or any, of the recommendations made by the, Rajya Sabha., , •, , There is no provision for a joint, sitting in case of a deadlock over a, Constitution Amendment Bill., , •, , In the history of Parliament of India, there, have been three occasions when both, Houses of Parliament held a joint sitting, to resolve deadlock on Bills between them,, i.e.,, , the, , Correct Option: (c), Explanation:, Types of Funds of Indian Government, •, , The Constitution of India provides for, the following three kinds of funds for the, Central government:, , ➤ 6 and 9 May 1961 on the Dowry, Prohibition Bill, 1959;, , ➤ 17 May 1978 on the Banking Service, , ➤ Consolidated Fund of India (Article, , Commission (Repeal) Bill, 1977; and, , 266), , ➤ 26 March 2002 on the Prevention of, , ➤ Public Account of India (Article 266), , Terrorism Bill, 2002., , ➤ Contingency Fund of India (Article, 267), Contingency Fund of India, •, , According to the Article 267(I) of the Indian, constitution, Parliament may by law, establish a Contingency Fund in the, nature of an imprest into which shall be, paid from time to time such sums as may, be determined by law., , •, , Contingency Fund shall be placed at, the disposal of the President to enable, advances to be made by him for the purposes, of meeting unforeseen expenditure., , •, , However, authorization of parliament, is needed to recharge this fund from the, consolidated fund by law under Article 115, or Article 116., , 7., , Correct Option: (a), Explanation:, Presiding officers of Lok Sabha, •, , The Speaker and the Deputy Speaker are, the Presiding Officers of the Lok Sabha., But, When the Offices of both the Speaker, and the Deputy Speaker fall vacant, the, duties of the Office of the Speaker are, performed by any member from the, Panel of Chairpersons, as elected by the, House., , •, , President may appoint Speaker pro, tem for this purpose., , •, , The Speaker continues in office till, immediately before the first meeting of Lok

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BK IAS ACADEMY PT 2022, Sabha after dissolution of the one to which, he/she was elected, unless he/she ceases, to be a Member by any of the reasons, specified in articles 94, 101 and 102 of the, Constitution., , 8., , •, , The Deputy Speaker presides over the Lok, Sabha when the Speaker is absent from, the sitting of the House., , •, , The Speaker and the Deputy Speaker are, the Presiding Officers of the Lok Sabha., Both of them are selected by the Lok, Sabha hence they are responsible to, the House directly., , total strength excluding vacancies) of the, House., •, , If the Speaker is absent from the, House, the Deputy Speaker performs, all the functions of the Speaker, including decision on the Money Bills, or presiding the Joint Sitting of the, Houses., , •, , Deputy Speaker unlike Speaker can, vote in the House similar to other, members of the House if the Speaker, is presiding the House. However, he, can exercise only a casting vote, in the, event of a tie, if he performs the duty, of the Presiding Officer., , Correct Option: (a), Explanation:, President and Speaker both, •, , •, , 9., , [47], , Neelam Sanjiva Reddy was the, Speaker of the Lok Sabha in 1967-69, and in 1977 before elected as the sixth, President of India., PA Sangma was also the Speaker of Lok, Sabha and he was a candidate for the, presidential election but couldn’t get, elected., , Correct Option: (d), , 11. Correct Option: (d), Explanation:, First Hour and Zero Hour, •, , The first hour of every parliamentary, sitting is slotted for ‘First Hour’. During, this time, the members ask questions and, the ministers usually give answers., , •, , Zero Hour is an informal device available, to the members of the Parliament to raise, matters without any prior notice., , •, , It starts immediately after the question, hour and lasts until the agenda for the day, is taken up., , •, , Unlike the question hour, the zero, hour is not mentioned in the Rules of, Procedure of the Parliament., , •, , A Bill becomes an Act when it is passed, by both the Houses of Parliament and, gets assent from the President., , Explanation:, Chairman of Rajya Sabha, •, , •, , The Chairman of Rajya Sabha (or, the, Vice-President of India) is elected by both, the House., S/he is the Chairman of the Business, Advisory Committee, General Purposes, Committee and Committee on Rules. The, Deputy Chairman is the Chairman of, the Committee of Privileges., , • The Chairman has a casting vote in, the case of an equality of votes., , 10. Correct Option: (b), Explanation:, Lok Sabha presiding officers, • The Speaker has been given a very high, position in the order of precedence., S/he is placed at seventh rank, along, with the Chief Justice of India. This, means s/he has a higher rank than all, cabinet ministers, except the Prime, Minister or Deputy Prime Minister., • Speaker can be removed by the Lok, Sabha by a resolution passed by an, effective majority ( more than 50% of, , 12. Correct Option: (d), Explanation:, Leader of the Opposition, • In each House of Parliament, there is the, ‘Leader of the Opposition’., • The leader of the largest Opposition party, having not less than one-tenth seats of the, total strength of the House is recognized as, the leader of the Opposition in that House., This is why the post of LoP was vacant, during 1980-89 and at present, since, 2014., • The 1977 Act defines LoP as that, member of the House who is the, “Leader in that House of the party in, opposition to the Government having, the greatest numerical strength and, recognized as such by the Chairman, of the Council of States or the Speaker, of the House of the People.

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857, , 48 BK IAS PT 2022 POLITY & CONSTITUTION, , • The Speaker’s decisions in this, regard have so far been determined, by Direction 121(c) which laid down, one of the conditions for recognition, of party or group as having “at least, a strength equal to the quorum fixed, to constitute a sitting of the House,, that is one-tenth of the total number, of members of the House”., • Although they were accorded statutory, recognition in 1977, it was in 1969 that, an official leader of the opposition was, recognized for the first time in Rajya, Sabha., • His/her main functions are to provide a, constructive criticism of the policies of the, government., •, , LoP plays a crucial role in bringing, bipartisanship and, neutrality, to, the appointments in institutions of, accountability and transparency viz. CVC,, CBI, CIC, Lokpal etc., , 13. Correct Option: (a), Explanation:, Relationship of the two Houses, • As the Council of Ministers is directly, responsible to the Lower House, both, Confidenceand No-Confidence motions, can be moved in the Lok Sabha only., • Apart from a Money Bill, certain other, introduced in Rajya Sabha but there, is no other limitation on the powers of, Rajya Sabha with regard to such Bills, and Rajya Sabha has powers to reject, or amend such Financial Bills like any, other Bill., • Besides emergency situations, Parliament, can make laws on the subjects under the, state list under Articles 249, 252, 253,, etc., , 14. Correct Option: (a), Explanation:, Special Powers of Rajya Sabha, • The Rajya Sabha has been given two, exclusive or special powers that are not, enjoyed by the Lok Sabha:, , ➤ It can authorize the Parliament to, make a law on a subject enumerated, in the State List (Article 249)., , ➤ It can authorize the Parliament to, create new All-India Services common, to both the Centre and states (Article, 312)., , 8574308854, 9717108622, , ➤ It is clear that the position of the Rajya, Sabha in our constitutional system is, not as weak as that of the House of, Lords in the British constitutional, system or as strong as that of the, Senate in the American constitutional, system., , ➤ Except in, , financial matters and, control over the council of ministers,, the powers and status of the Rajya, Sabha in all other spheres are broadly, equal and coordinate with that of the, Lok Sabha., , • Lok Sabha and Rajya Sabha share, equal power related to the election, and removal of the Vice-President., However, Rajya Sabha alone can initiate, the removal of the vice-president., , 15. Correct Option: (a), Explanation:, Censure Motion vs. No-Confidence Motion, • Censure Motion can be moved against, an individual minister or a group, of ministers or the entire council, of ministers whereas No-Confidence, Motion can be moved against the, entire council of ministers only., • For Censure Motion, the reasons for its, adoption should be mentioned whereas no, such thing is necessary in adopting the NoConfidence Motion., • If the No-Confidence Motion is, passed in the Lok Sabha, the council, of ministers must resign from office, whereas the council of ministers, need not resign from the office if the, Censure Motion is passed., , 16. Correct Option: (d), Explanation:, Judicial Powers of the Parliament, • The judicial powers and functions of the, Parliament include the following:, , ➤ It can impeach the President for the, violation of the Constitution., , ➤ It can remove the Vice-President from, his office., , ➤ It can recommend the removal, , of, judges (including chief justice) of, the Supreme Court and the high, courts, chief election commissioner,, comptroller and auditor general to the, president.

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BK IAS ACADEMY PT 2022, ➤ It can punish its members or outsiders, , [49], •, , The, frequent, promulgation, of, ordinances by the president dilutes, the Parliament’s power of legislation., , •, , The Parliament’s control is sporadic,, general and mostly political in nature., , •, , Lack of strong and steady opposition, in the Parliament, and a setback in the, parliamentary behavior and ethics, have, also contributed to the ineffectiveness of, legislative control over administration in, India. Etc., , for the breach of its privileges or its, contempt., •, , Parliament has no role to play in the, ratification of the pardoning of the, President. It is in the domain of the, Cabinet., , 17. Correct Option: (b), Explanation, Budget, •, , The Constitution of India contains the, following provisions with regard to the, enactment of budget:, , ➤ Article, , 112(2) provides that, the, budget, shall, distinguish, expenditure on revenue account, from other expenditure., , 19. Correct Option: (c), Explanation:, Cut Motions, •, , The Parliament while discussing the, Demand for Grants can move motions to, reduce any demand for the grant. Such, motions are called ‘cut motion’, which, are of three kinds viz. Policy Cut Motion,, Economy Cut Motion, and Token Cut, Motion., , •, , Policy Cut Motion represents the, disapproval of the policy underlying, the demand. It states that the amount, of the demand be reduced to Re 1., , •, , Economy Cut Motion represents the, economy that can be affected in the, proposed expenditure. It states that the, amount of the demand be reduced by a, specified amount., , •, , Token Cut Motion ventilates a specific, grievance that is within the sphere of, responsibility of the Government of India., It states that the amount of the demand be, reduced by Rs 100., , ➤ Parliament can reduce or abolish, a tax but cannot increase it., , ➤ Article 113(3) states that, , no, demand for a grant shall be made, except on the recommendation of, the President., , 18. Correct Option: (c), Explanation:, Ineffectiveness of Parliamentary control, •, , The parliamentary control over government, and administration in India is more, theoretical than practical. In reality, the, control is not as effective as it ought to be., The following factors are responsible for, this-, , •, , Parliament’s financial control is hindered, by the technical nature of the demands for, grants., , •, , The legislative leadership lies with the, Executive and it plays a significant role in, formulating policies., , •, , The very size of the Parliament is, too large and unmanageable to be, effective., , •, , The financial committees like the Public, Accounts Committee examine the public, expenditure after it has been incurred by, the Executive. Thus, they do post mortem, work., , •, , The growth of ‘delegated legislation’ has, reduced the role of Parliament in making, detailed laws and has increased the powers, of bureaucracy., , 20. Correct Option: (d), Explanation:, Delegated legislation, •, , In most cases, the legislature enacts a law, covering the general principles and policies, and leaves detailed rule-making to the, government to allow for expediency and, flexibility. The government is required, to frame the rules in accordance with, the policy laid down by the legislature., Such rules are called subordinate, legislation and may be referred to asrules, regulations, bye-laws, orders,, and notification., , •, , However, certain functions and powers, cannot be delegated to the government., These include framing the legislative policy,, exceeding the scope of the delegating Act,, retrospective effect of rules, etc.

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857, , 50 BK IAS PT 2022 POLITY & CONSTITUTION, , •, , •, , •, , •, , According to the Manual of Parliamentary, Procedure, the rules have to be laid in, Parliament within 15 days from (a) the, date of their publication in the Official, Gazette if Parliament is in session; or (b) the, date of the commencement of Parliament,, if it is not in session, Parliament has the power to oversee rules, at various levels: (a) during the debate on, the Act; (b) statutory motion to discuss, rules; (c) Question Hour; and (d) Committee, on Subordinate Legislation (Each House, has this Committee)., Since delegated legislation forms a part, of law, courts have the jurisdiction to, examine them. The courts have held that, framing of legislative policy is an essential, function and cannot be delegated to an, administrative body. However, they have, generally leaned towards upholding the, validity of rules., , 8574308854, 9717108622, , the originality of ideas and publication of, the research scholars., , 23. Correct Option: (b), Explanation:, Tatpar App, • Delhi Police has launched Tatpar app, to provide safety and a convenient 24×7, online mode to its citizens., •, , 24. Correct Option: (c), Explanation:, Shanghai, (SCO), , Explanation:, , •, , •, , It is in Andhra Pradesh’s SPS Nellore, district and on the right bank of, Swarnamukhiriver., The excavation has indicated that the area, may have been a huge settlement and, flourishing trade center, over 2,000 years, ago., Several bricks were unearthed which, were comparable to the Satavahana and, Ikshvaku dynasty periods, , •, , On 8-9 June 2017 in Astana, India, and Pakistan were granted the full, membership., , 25. Correct Option: (b), Explanation:, Pegasus, •, , It is a spyware that works by sending an, exploit link, and if the target user clicks, on the link, the malware or the code that, allows the surveillance is installed on the, user’s phone., , •, , It is installed without the user’s knowledge, or permission and when installed, the, attacker has complete access to the target, user’s phone., , •, , It delivers a chain of zero-day exploits to, penetrate security features on the phone, and installs Pegasus without the user’s, knowledge or permission., , •, , Pegasus has been attributed to the NSO, Group, an Israeli company that uses it for, commercial purpose., , 22. Correct Option: (c), Explanation:, Shodh Shuddh initiative, •, , It is a Plagiarism Detention Software, (PDS) launched by the Ministry of Human, Resources Development., , •, , It will significantly help to improve the, quality of research outcome by ensuring, , Organization, , The Shanghai Cooperation Organization, is a permanent, intergovernmental, international organization, the creation, of which was announced on 15 June, 2001 in Shanghai by Kazakhstan, China,, Kyrgyzstan, the Russian Federation,, Tajikistan, and Uzbekistan., , Gottiprolu, •, , Cooperation, , •, , The, growth, of, the, delegated/, subordinate legislation has led to the, ineffectiveness of the parliamentary, process, and, parliamentary, democracy., , 21. Correct Option: (c), , The app brings together all the websites, and mobile applications of the Delhi Police, and over 50 services., , **********

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BK IAS ACADEMY PT 2022, , [51], , TEST, DAY - 6, Time Allowed: 30 mins, , 1., , Maximum Marks: 50, , Which of the following Constitutional, Amendment, Acts, facilitated, the, appointment of the same person as a, Governor for two or more states?, , 2., , (a) 1st Amendment Act, , Which of the following statements is/are, correct?, , (b) 7th Amendment Act, , (a) 1 only, , (c) 24 Amendment Act, , (b) 2 only, , (d) 42 Amendment Act, , (c) Both 1 and 2, , The Draft Constitution provided for, the direct election of the governor on, the basis of universal adult suffrage., But, the Constituent Assembly opted, for the present system of appointment, due to which of the following reasons?, , (d) Neither 1 nor 2, , th, , nd, , 2., , 1., , 2., , 3., , 4., , The direct election of the governor is, incompatible with the parliamentary, system established in the states., The governor being only a nominal, head, there is no point in making, elaborate arrangements for his election, and spending huge amount of money., The office of governor of a state is, an employment under the Central, government., , 1., , With respect to the administration of, tribal areas of Assam., , 2., , With respect to the administration of, plain areas of Manipur., , 3., , With respect to law and order in, Hyderabad., , 4., , Establishment of separate development, boards for Vidarbha and Marathwada., , (a) 1 and 4 only, (b) 2 and 3 only, , (a) 1 only, , (c) 1 and 3 only, , (b) 2 only, , (d) 1, 3, and 4, , (c) 1 and 2 only, (d) 1, 2, and 3, , In which of the following cases, the, Governor though has to consult the, council of ministers, acts finally on, her/his discretion?, , Select the correct option using the codes, given below:, , Which of the following statements is/are, correct?, , 3., , Recommendation for the imposition of, the President’s Rule in the state is the, discretionary power of the Governor., , 5., , Consider the following statements:, 1., , The 42nd Constitutional Amendment, (1976) mandates both the President, and Governor to be bound by the, ministerial advice., , 2., , The ministers in the state is individually, responsible to the Governor., , Consider the following statements, regarding the discretionary power of, the Governor, 1., , Unlike President, the Governor has, constitutional discretion also.

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857, , 52 BK IAS PT 2022 POLITY & CONSTITUTION, , Which of the following statements is/are, correct?, (a) 1 only, (b) 2 only, , 8574308854, 9717108622, , 9., , Consider the following statements, regarding the legislative powers of a, Governor:, 1., , S/he nominates one-third of the, members of the state legislative, council., , 2., , S/he can reserve the bill of the state, legislature only if it is against the, provisions of the Constitution., , 3., , Unlike, President,, s/he, promulgate ordinances., , (c) Both 1 and 2, (d) Neither 1 nor 2, 6., , Consider the following statements, regarding the pardoning power of, Governor:, 1. If a state law prescribes for death, sentence, then only the Governor can, pardon it., 2., , The Governor cannot pardon, suspend,, remit or commute a death sentence., , Which of the following statements is/are, incorrect?, (a) 1 only, (b) 2 only, (c) Both 1 and 2, (d) Neither 1 nor 2, 7. In which of the following cases the, reservation of a Bill by a Governor, for the consideration of President is, mandatary?, (a) If the Bill is related to the salary and, allowances of the officers of All India, Services., (b) If the Bill is related to the transfer of, High Court Judges., , 8., , 10. Which of the following statements is/, are incorrect?, (a) 1 only, (b) 1 and 3 only, (c) 2 and 3 only, (d) 1, 2, and 3, 11. Which of the following officials are, appointed as well as removed by the, Governor?, 1., , Advocate General of the state., , 2., , State Election Commissioner., , 3., , Members of the State Public Service, Commission., , 4., , Members of the State Human Rights, Commission., , Select the correct answer using the code, given below:, (a) 1 only, , (c) If the Bill endangers the position of the, state High Court., , (b) 1, 2 and 4 only, , (d) There is no such case., , (c) 1, 3 and 4 only, , Consider the following statements, regarding the financial powers of the, Governor:, 1. The Governor of a state cannot reserve, a Money Bill for the consideration of, the President of India., , (d) 1, 2, 3 and 4, , 2., , The Governor cannot return a Money, Bill for the reconsideration of the state, legislature., , Which of the following statements is/are, correct?, , cannot, , 12. Consider the following Cases:, 1., , D.C. Wadhwa & Ors vs State Of Bihar, & Ors, , 2., , Krishna Kumar Singh & Anr vs State, of Bihar & Ors, , 3., , S. R. Bommai v. Union of India, , Which of the above cases is/are related to the, ordinance making power of a Governor?, , (a) 1 only, , (a) 1 only, , (b) 2 only, , (b) 2 only, , (c) Both 1 and 2, , (c) 1 and 2 only, , (d) Neither 1 nor 2, , (d) 1 and 3 only

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BK IAS ACADEMY PT 2022, 13. In which of the following case(s) the, Governor needs the instructions from, President for the promulgation of, ordinances?, 1., , 2., , 3., , If a bill containing the same provisions, would have required the previous, sanction of the President for its, introduction into the state legislature., If s/he would have deemed it necessary, to reserve a bill containing the same, provisions for the consideration of the, President., If an act of the state legislature, containing the same provisions would, have been invalid without receiving, the President’s assent., , Select the correct option using the codes, given below:, (a) 1 only, (b) 2 and 3 only, (c) 3 only, (d) 1, 2, and 3, 14. Which of the following statements is/, are correct?, 1., , 2., , The salaries of the Advocate-General, of a stare is determined by State, Legislature., S/he holds the position during the, pleasure of the Governor., , Select the correct option using the codes, given below:, (a) 1 only, (b) 2 only, (c) Both 1 and 2, (d) Neither 1 nor 2, 15. Consider the following statements, regarding Council of Ministers at, state:, 1., , Unlike at Centre, there may not be a, Council of Ministers in state always., , 2., , The salary and allowances of the, Chief Minister are determined by the, Parliament., , Which of the above statements is/are, correct?, , [53], (a) 1 only, (b) 2 only, (c) Both 1 and 2, (d) Neither 1 nor 2, 16. Which of the following statements, regarding the post of Chief Secretary, of a state is/are correct?, 1., , The chief secretary acts as a secretary, to the state cabinet., , 2., , The state consults the Union, government regarding the appointment, and this consultation is binding., , 3., , S/he holds the office for 5 years., , Select the correct option using the codes, given below:, (a) 1 only, (b) 1 and 2 only, (c) 2 and 3 only, (d) 1, 2, and 3, 17. In case of a hung assembly following, are some of the recommendations of, the Sarkaria Commission. Arrange, the following recommendations in the, order of preference for the Governor:, A. Single largest party staking a claim to, form the government with the support, of others, including independents, B. Post-electoral coalition of parties, with, all the partners in the coalition joining, the government, C. Alliance of parties that was formed prior, to the elections, D. Post-electoral alliance of parties, with, some of the parties in the alliance forming, a government and the remaining parties,, including independents, supporting the, government from outside., Select the correct option using the codes, given below:, (a) A-C-B-D, (b) C-A-B-D, (c) C-B-D-A, (d) B-A-D-C

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857, , 54 BK IAS PT 2022 POLITY & CONSTITUTION, , 18. Which of the above statements is/are, incorrect?, 1., , 2., , The Constitution does not contain any, specific procedure for the selection and, appointment of the Chief Minister., Upon death of incumbent Chief, Minister, if the ruling party appoints, a new leader, then the Governor has, to appoint the new leader as Chief, Minister., , Select the correct option using the codes, given below:, (a) 1 only, (b) 2 only, (c) Both 1 and 2, (d) Neither 1 nor 2, 19. Which of the following Commissions, had suggested that the phrase “during, the pleasure of the President” should, be deleted from the Constitution?, (a) Venkatachaliah Commission, (b) Sarkaria Commission, (c) Punchhi Commission, (d) None of the above, 20. Which of the following statements, regarding is/are incorrect?, , 8574308854, 9717108622, , Select the correct option using the codes, given below:, (a) 1 only, (b) 2 only, (c) Both 1 and 2, (d) Neither 1 nor 2, 22. Regarding, Corporate, Social, Responsibility, which of the following, below provisions are not included in, the recently introduced bill amending, Companies Act 2013?, (a) The unspent amount of CSR fund in a, given year has to be spent in next 30, days., (b) Companies violating CSR norms will, attract fines ranging from ` 50,000 to, ` 5 lakh., (c) Listed firms need to disclose their CSR, activities., (d) Companies need to have a CSR team, that provides a regular progress report, to the CSR committee of the board., 23. Antimicrobial resistance (AMR)is an, important environment as well as a, public health issue. State governments, are coming up with action plans to, manage this. Consider the following, states with respect to this:, , 1., , The Constitution does not lay down any, grounds of the Governor’s removal., , 2., , The ‘pleasure’ of the President is not, subject to the judicial review., , 1., , Madhya Pradesh, , 2., , West Bengal, , A Governor can hold office beyond her/, his term of five years, , 3., , Kerala, , 4., , Maharashtra, , 3., , Select the correct option using the codes, given below:, (a) 1 only, (b) 2 only, (c) 1 and 2 only, (d) 1, 2, and 3, 21. Which of the following statements is/, are correct?, 1., , During the term of office, a Governor is, immune from any criminal proceedings,, except in respect of his personal acts., , 2., , The oath of office to the governor, is administered by the President of, India., , Which of the above states have developed, action plans for managing AMR?, (a) 2 only, (b) 1 and 3 only, (c) 3 only, (d) 1, 2 and 3 only, 24. ZConsider the following statements, about Indus Valley inscriptions:, 1., , These were discovered from 4,000, ancient inscribed objects., , 2., , Majority of the Indus Valley inscriptions, were written logographically (by using, word signs).

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BK IAS ACADEMY PT 2022, , [55], , Which of the above statements is/are, correct?, (a) 1 only, , (c) Assam, (d) Chhattisgarh, 26. Gulf of Hormuz, recently in news for, seizure of British ships by Iran, is, located between which two countries?, , (b) 2 only, (c) Both 1 and 2, (d) Neither 1 nor 2, , (a) Oman and Iran, , 25. Operation Bedlam is related to which, of the following states?, , (b) Iran and UAE, , (a) Nagaland, , (c) UAE and Qatar, , (b) Jammu and Kashmir, , (d) Iran and Qatar, , **********

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857, , 56 BK IAS PT 2022 POLITY & CONSTITUTION, , 8574308854, 9717108622, , ANSWER HINTS, DAY - 6, , 1., , Correct Option: (b), , ➤ The election of a governor would be, entirely on personal issues. Hence,, it is not in the national interest to, involve a large number of voters in, such an election., , Explanation:, Governor in a state, •, , •, , 2., , Usually, there is a governor for each state,, but the 7th Constitutional Amendment, Act of 1956 facilitated the appointment of, the same person as a governor for two or, more states., , ➤ An elected governor would naturally, belong to a party and would not be, a neutral person and an impartial, head., , ➤ The election of governor would create, , By this Act, a new Article 258A was, inserted to provide that the Governor, of a State may, with the consent of the, Government of India, entrust any State, functions to the central Government or its, officers., , separatist tendencies and thus affect, the political stability and unity of the, country., , ➤ The system of presidential nomination, enables the Centre to maintain its, control over the states., , Correct Option: (c), , ➤ The direct election of the governor, , Explanation:, , creates a serious problem of leadership, at the time of a general election in the, state., , Appointment of Governor, •, , •, , A Governor is appointed by the president by, warrant under his hand and seal. In a way,, he is a nominee of the Central government, but not an employment under the, Central government., The Draft Constitution provided for the, direct election of the governor on the, basis of universal adult suffrage. But, the, Constituent Assembly opted for the present, system of appointment due to following, reasons:, , ➤ The direct election, , of, the, governor is incompatible with the, parliamentary system established, in the states., , ➤ The chief minister would like his, nominee to contest for governorship, etc., , 3., , Correct Option: (c), Explanation:, Discretionary powers of the Governor, •, , The Governor has both Constitutional and, Situational discretionary powers., , •, , As far as situational discretionary power is, concerned, it is similar to the President., , •, , During, exercising, situational, discretionary powers (in relation to, the State Legislature), s/he acts as, a Constitutional head of the state., Otherwise, s/he acts as a representative, of the Centre., , •, , The Constitution makes it clear that if, any question arises whether a matter falls, within the governor’s discretion or not, the, decision of the governor is final., , ➤ The mode of direct election is more, likely to create conflicts between the, governor and the chief minister., , ➤ The governor being only a, constitutional (nominal) head,, there is no point in making, elaborate, arrangements, for, his election and spending huge, amount of money.

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BK IAS ACADEMY PT 2022, •, , [57], , The Governor has constitutional discretion, in the following cases:, , ➤, , Reservation of a bill for, consideration of the President., , 5., , Correct Option: (b), Explanation:, , the, , Constitutional position of the Governor, , ➤ Recommendation, , for, the, imposition of the President’s Rule, in the state., , •, , The executive power of the state shall, be vested in the governor and shall be, exercised by him either directly or through, officers subordinate to him in accordance, with this Constitution., , •, , There shall be a council of ministers with, the chief minister as the head to aid and, advise the governor in the exercise of his, functions, except in so far as he is required, to exercise his functions in his discretion., , •, , The Council of Ministers in a state, is individually responsible to the, Governor, and collectively responsible to, the State Legislature., , •, , After the 42nd Constitutional Amendment, (1976), ministerial advice has been made, binding on the President, but no such, provision has been made with respect, to the Governor., , ➤ While exercising his functions as, the administrator of an adjoining, Union territory (in case of additional, charge)., , ➤ Determining the amount payable, by the Government of Assam,, Meghalaya, Tripura and Mizoram to, an autonomous Tribal District Council, as royalty accruing from licenses for, mineral exploration7., , ➤ Seeking, , information, from, the, chief minister with regard to the, administrative and legislative matters, of the state., , 4., , Correct Option: (a), Explanation:, , 6., , Special powers of the Governor, •, , Explanation:, , The, Governor, has, certain, special, responsibilities to discharge according to, the directions issued by the President. In, this regard, the Governor though has to, consult the council of ministers led by the, chief minister, acts finally on his discretion., They are as follows:, , •, , Maharashtra: Establishment of separate, development boards for Vidarbha and, Marathwada., , •, , Gujarat: Establishment of separate, development boards for Saurashtra and, Kutch., Nagaland: With respect to law and, order in the state for so long as the, internal disturbance in the Naga, Hills–Tuensang Area continues., , •, , •, , Assam:, With, respect, to, administration of tribal areas., , Correct Option: (c), , the, , •, , Manipur:Regardingtheadministration, of the hill areas in the state., , •, , Sikkim: For peace and for ensuring social, and economic advancement of the different, sections of the population., , •, , Arunachal Pradesh: With respect to, law and order in the state., , •, , Karnataka: Establishment of a separate, development board for HyderabadKarnataka region., , Pardoning power of the Governor, , 7., , •, , The Governor can pardon, reprieve, respite,, remit, suspend or commute the punishment, or sentence of any person convicted of any, offense against a state law but cannot, pardon a death sentence., , •, , But, the governor can suspend, remit, or commute a death sentence., , •, , Even if a state law prescribes for death, sentence, the power to grant pardon, lies with the President and not the, governor., , Correct Option: (c), Explanation:, Reservation of a Bill by Governor, •, , When a bill is sent to the governor after it, is passed by state legislature, he can, , ➤ Give his assent to the bill, or, ➤ Withhold his assent to the bill, or, ➤ Return the bill (if it is not a money, bill) for reconsideration of the state, legislature. However, if the bill is, passed again by the state legislature, with or without amendments, the, governor has to give his assent to the, bill, or

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857, , 58 BK IAS PT 2022 POLITY & CONSTITUTION, , ➤ Reserve the bill for the consideration, of the president. In one case such, reservation is obligatory, that is,, where the bill passed by the state, legislature endangers the position, of the state High Court., , 8., , •, , In addition, the governor can also reserve, the bill if it is of the following nature:, , •, , Ultra-vires, that is, against the provisions, of the Constitution., , •, , Opposed to the Directive Principles of State, Policy., , •, , Against the larger interest of the country., , •, , Of grave national importance., , •, , Dealing with compulsory acquisition, of property under Article 31A of the, Constitution., , 8574308854, 9717108622, , 10. Correct Option: (d), Explanation:, Legislative Powers of Governor, •, , A governor is an integral part of the state, legislature., , •, , He nominates one-sixth of the members, of the state legislative council from, amongst persons having special knowledge, or practical experience in literature,, science, art, cooperative movement, and, social service., , •, , When a bill is sent to the governor after it, is passed by state legislature, he can, , ➤ Give his assent to the bill, or, ➤ Withhold his assent to the bill, or, ➤ Return the bill (if it is not a money, bill) for reconsideration of the state, legislature. However, if the bill is, passed again by the state legislature, with or without amendments, the, governor has to give his assent to the, bill, or, , Correct Option: (b), Explanation:, Role of Governor with regard to Money, Bills, •, , ➤, , Every money bill, after it is passed by, the state legislature is presented to the, governor for his assent. He has three, alternatives:, , ➤ He, , can promulgate ordinances, when the state legislature is not in, session., , ➤ He may give his assent to the bill, the, bill then becomes an act., , ➤ He may withhold his assent to the bill,, the bill then ends and does not become, an act., , ➤ He may reserve the bill for the, , 11. Correct Option: (a), Explanation:, Executive powers of Governor, •, , The Advocate General is appointed by, the Governor. The Constitution does not, contain the procedure and grounds for his, removal. He/she holds office during the, pleasure of the Governor. This means, that he may be removed by the governor, at any time., , •, , Although the members of the State, Election Commission, members of, the SPSC, and the chairperson and, members of a State Human Rights, Commission are appointed by the, governor, they can be removed only, by the President., , consideration of the president., •, , •, , When the governor reserves the money, bill for the consideration of the President,, he will not have any further role in the, enactment of the bill., , •, , The President may give/withhold his assent, to the bill., , •, , 9., , Thus, the governor cannot return a, money bill for the reconsideration, of the state legislature. Normally, the, governor gives his assent to a money bill as, it is introduced in the state legislature with, his previous permission., , If the President gives his assent to the, bill, it becomes an Act. This means that, the assent of the governor is no longer, required., , Correct Option: (d), Explanation:, , Reserve the bill for, the, consideration of the president., , 12. Correct Option: (c), Explanation:, Cases related to Governor, •, , All of the above cases are related to, Governor’s role and powers. S. R. Bommai, v. Union of India, 1994 case is related, to the misuse of Article 356 whereas

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BK IAS ACADEMY PT 2022, D.C. Wadhwa case of 1986 and Krishna, Kumar Singh case of 1994 are related to, the misuse of ordinance making power of a, Governor (Article 213)., •, , •, , In the Krishna Kumar Singh case,, the seven-judge constitution bench of, the Supreme Court had held that repromulgation of ordinance is a fraud, on the Constitution. The Court also, held that the satisfaction of the President, of India under Article 123 and of the, Governor under Article 213 while issuing, an Ordinance is not immune from judicial, review., In D.C. Wadhwa case, the Supreme Court, held that it is unconstitutional to repromulgate ordinances, unless in, exceptional circumstances., , [59], Governor may determine., , 15. Correct Option: (a), Explanation:, Council of Ministers at state, •, , Article 163 states that there shall be a, Council of Ministers with the Chief Minister, as the head to aid and advise the Governor, in the exercise of his functions, except in, so far as he is required to exercise his, functions in his discretion. Thus, there, may not be a Council of Ministers in, the state always., , •, , In 1971, the Supreme Court ruled that a, council of ministers must always exist, to advise the governor, even after the, dissolution of the state legislative assembly, or resignation of a council of ministers., Hence, the existing ministry may continue, in the office until its successor assumes, charge., , •, , The salary and allowances of the Chief, Minister are determined by the State, Legislature., , 13. Correct Option: (d), Explanation:, Ordinance making power of Governor, •, , The Governor cannot make an ordinance, without the instructions from the President, in three cases:, , ➤ If a bill containing the same, provisions would have required, the previous sanction of the, President for its introduction into, the state legislature., , 16. Correct Option: (a), Explanation:, •, , The chief, secretary, acts, as, a, secretary to the state cabinet. S/he is, the administrative head of the cabinet, secretariat and attends the meeting of the, cabinet and its sub-committees., , •, , S/he acts as the principal advisor to the, chief minister on all matters of state, administration., , •, , The chief secretary is picked up by the, chief minister of the state who consults, the Union government regarding the, appointment but this consultation is, not binding., , •, , The office of chief secretary has been, excluded from the operation of the tenure, system. There is no fixed tenure for, this post., , •, , As per the ARC’s view, the chief secretary, should be the senior-most person, due, regard being paid to merit. S/he should, have a minimum tenure of 3 to 4 years. S/, he should be relieved of routine and nonessential work and, where necessary, given, proportionate staff assistance to enable him, to ensure quick implementation of cabinet, decisions and effective co-ordination in, the policies and programs of the state, government., , ➤ If he would have deemed it, necessary to reserve a bill, containing the same provisions, for the consideration of the, President., , ➤ If an act of the state legislature, containing the same provisions, would have been invalid without, receiving the President’s assent., , 14. Correct Option: (), Explanation:, Advocate general, •, , Article 165 has provided for the office of the, advocate general for the states., , •, , The advocate general is appointed by, the governor., , •, , Like of Attorney General, the term of office, of the advocate general is not fixed by the, Constitution., , •, , He/She holds office during the pleasure, of the governor i.e. he/she may be, removed by the governor at any time., , •, , The remuneration of the advocate, general is not fixed by the Constitution., He receives such remuneration as the

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857, , 60 BK IAS PT 2022 POLITY & CONSTITUTION, , 8574308854, 9717108622, , 17. Correct Option: (b), , removed before completion of their fiveyear tenure, except in rare and compelling, circumstances. This was meant to provide, Governors with a measure of security of, tenure, so that they could carry out their, duties without fear or favour. If such rare, and compelling circumstances did exist,, the Commission said that the procedure, of removal must allow the Governors an, opportunity to explain their conduct, and, the central government must give fair, consideration to such explanation. It was, further recommended that Governors, should be informed of the grounds of their, removal., , Explanation:, •, , Sarkaria Commission was set up in June, 1983 to examine the relationship and, balance of power between state and central, governments and suggest changes within, the framework of the Constitution., , •, , The order of preference for the Governor in, such case is as follows:, , A. An alliance of parties that was, formed prior to the elections,, B. The single largest party staking a, claim to form the government with, the support of others, including, independents,, C. A post-electoral coalition of parties,, with all the partners in the coalition, joining the government,, , •, , The Venkatachaliah Commission (2002), similarly recommended that ordinarily, Governors should be allowed to complete, their five-year term. If they have to be, removed before completion of their term,, the central government should do so only, after consultation with the Chief Minister., , •, , The Punchhi Commission (2010), suggested that the phrase “during the, pleasure of the President” should be, deleted from the Constitution, because, a Governor should not be removed at the, will of the central government; instead, he or she should be removed only by a, resolution of the state legislature., , •, , The above recommendations, however,, were never made into law by Parliament., Therefore, they are not binding on the, central government., , D. A post-electoral alliance of parties,, with some of the parties in the, alliance forming a government and, the remaining parties, including, independents,, supporting, the, government from outside., 18. Correct Option: (d), Explanation, Chief Minister, •, , •, , •, , •, , The Constitution does not contain any, specific procedure for the selection and, appointment of the Chief Minister., However, Article 164 only says that the, Chief Minister shall be appointed by the, governor. However, this does not imply, that the governor is free to appoint anyone, as the Chief Minister., In accordance with the convections of the, parliamentary system of government,, the Governor has to appoint the leader of, the majority party in the state legislative, assembly as the Chief Minister., On the Death of a Chief Minister,, the ruling Party usually elects a new, leader and the governor has no choice, but to appoint him as Chief Minister., , 19. Correct Option: (c), Explanation:, Important Commissions on the removal of, Governor, •, , The, Sarkaria, Commission, (1988), recommended that Governors must not be, , 20. Correct Option: (b), Explanation:, The term of Governor’s office, •, , The Constitution does not lay down, any grounds upon which a governor, may be removed by the President., , •, , S/he holds the position during the pleasure, of the President., , •, , “Pleasure of the President” merely refers to, this will and wish of the central government., The Supreme Court’s interpretation and in, 2010, a constitutional bench of the Supreme, Court interpreted these provisions and laid, down some binding principles (B.P. Singhal, v. Union of India). These are:, , ➤ The President, in effect the central, government, has the power to remove, a Governor at any time without giving, him or her any reason, and without, granting an opportunity to be heard., , ➤ However, this power, , cannot be, exercised in an arbitrary, capricious, or unreasonable manner. The power, of removing Governors should only

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BK IAS ACADEMY PT 2022, , [61], , be exercised in rare and exceptional, circumstances for valid and compelling, reasons., , ➤ The mere reason that a Governor, is at variance with the policies and, ideologies of the central government,, or that the central government has, lost confidence in him or her, is not, sufficient to remove a Governor. Thus,, a change in central government cannot, be a ground for removal of Governors,, or to appoint more favourable persons, to this post., , `25 lakh, with the officers concerned liable, for imprisonment of up to three years., Supplementary Notes:, •, , The government has planned to include a, specific penal provision in the Companies, Act in case of non-compliance with CSR., Listed firms need to disclose their CSR, activities, amount spent and framework, created to ensure adherence to norms., , •, , Under the new laws, any unspent amount, of CSR fund will have to be deposited into, an escrow account within 30 days of the, end of that fiscal., , •, , Companies need to have a CSR team that, provides a regular progress report and, updates to the CSR committee of the board., The committee is given a report of the, activities undertaken each quarter, along, with targets and reasons for variance, if, any. All this is needed to be submitted to, the corporate affairs ministry., , •, , In news: Recently, Parliament has passed, amendments to the Companies Act, 2013 to, strengthen laws governing corporate social, responsibility (CSR)., , ➤ A decision to remove a Governor, can be challenged in a court of, law. In such cases, first the petitioner, will have to make a prima facie case, of arbitrariness or bad faith on part, of the central government. If a prima, facie case is established, the court can, require the central government to, produce the materials on the basis of, which the decision was made in order, to verify the presence of compelling, reasons., •, , A Governor can hold office beyond his, term of five years until his successor, assumes charge. The underlying idea is, that there must be a governor in the state, and there cannot be an interregnum., , 21. Correct Option: (d), , 23. Correct option: (b), Explanation:, •, , Explanation:, Conditions of Governor’s office, •, , Like the President, the governor is also, entitled to a number of privileges and, immunities. He enjoys personal immunity, from legal liability for his official acts., , •, , During his term of office, he is immune, from any criminal proceedings, even, in respect of his personal acts. He, cannot be arrested or imprisoned., , •, , However, after giving two months’ notice,, civil proceedings can be instituted against, him during his term of office in respect of, his personal acts., , •, , The oath of office to the governor, administered by the Chief Justice, the concerned state high court and, his absence, the senior-most judge, that court available., , 22. Correct option: (b), , is, of, in, of, , Supplementary Notes:, •, , AMR is “the ability of a microorganism (like, bacteria, viruses, and some parasites) to, stop an antimicrobial (such as antibiotics,, antivirals and antimalarial) from working, against it. As a result, standard treatments, become ineffective, infections persist and, may spread to others.”, , •, , Misuse of antibiotics in humans, animals,, aquaculture, hospital effluents and, antibiotic use in livestock and poultry, contributes to AMR., , •, , The vast scale and diversity of the country, in terms of population, food animal sectors, (for instance, commercial and backyard, farming), extent of antibiotic use adds to, the challenges of addressing this multisectoral issue., , •, , With rising AMR, antibiotics are, increasingly becoming ineffective for, treating diseases in humans., , •, , If there is no timely containment, AMR, is likely to cause nearly 10 million deaths, , Explanation:, •, , Companies violating CSR norms will, attract fines ranging from `50,000 to, , Option (b) is correct: Kerala and, Madhya Pradesh are two states who, have developed action plans to manage, Antimicrobial resistance (AMR).

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857, , 62 BK IAS PT 2022 POLITY & CONSTITUTION, , 8574308854, 9717108622, , by 2050 and result in significant global, economic losses., •, , co-occurrence of restriction patterns, demonstrated by certain classes of Indus, signs, it was inferred that such patterns, can never be phonological co-occurrence, restrictions (two or more sound units that, cannot be pronounced together)., , Methods of controlling the spread of AMR:, , ➤ Tracking antibiotic use in humans,, animals, fisheries, crops., , ➤ Ensuring effective infection prevention, and control in human and animal, health, community and environment., , ➤ Optimised, , use of, antimicrobial, agents in the health, animal and food, sectors., , ➤, , •, , Promoting investments for AMR, activities, research and innovations, for AMR containment., , 25. Correct Option: (b), Explanation:, •, , Supplementary Notes:, •, , Tourism has suffered a major jolt in, Kashmir, , •, , Against an average footfall of 3,000 tourists, per day, a trickle of 350 arrived in the, Valley, , •, , Most hotels in tourist hotspots including, Gulmarg and Pahalgam had been emptied, , •, , Statement 1 is correct: Indus Valley, inscriptions are discovered from 4,000, ancient inscribed objects, including seals,, tablets, ivory rods, pottery shards., , Kashmir Chamber of Commerce and, Industry general secretary Farooq Amin, said the sudden advisory had proved, “Operation Bedlam” for people and the, State economy., , •, , Statement 2 is correct: Majority of the, Indus Valley inscriptions were written, logographically (by using word signs) and, not by using phonograms (speech sounds, units)., , Tourism, horticulture and other sectors of, our economy suffered tremendous losses, due to the decision of the government to, restrict movement of civilians on the only, road link of Srinagar-Jammu., , •, , In News - Operation Bedlam’ for the, tourism sector in Kashmir, , In news: Madhya Pradesh recently, became the second state of the country, after Kerala to bring action plan to manage, Antimicrobial resistance., , 24. Correct option: (c), Explanation:, Option (a) is correct:, •, , •, , Supplementary Notes:, •, , Option (b) is correct: ‘Operation Bedlam’, for the tourism sector in Kashmir, , The Indus inscriptions are one of the, most enigmatic legacies of the Indus, Valley civilization but these have not been, deciphered due to the absence of bilingual, texts, extreme brevity of the inscriptions,, and ignorance about the language(s), encoded by Indus script., , •, , In news: A research paper published, recently in Palgrave Communications,, a Nature group journal focuses on, understanding how Indus inscriptions, conveyed meanings, rather than on, deciphering what they conveyed., , •, , Another paper, titled “Interrogating Indus, inscription to unravel their mechanism of, meaning conveyance”, published recently, points out that the inscriptions can be, compared to the structured messages found, on stamps, coupons, tokens and currency, coins of modern times., , •, , Analysing the brevity of the inscriptions,, the rigid positional preferences maintained, by the signs of the inscriptions, and the, , Correct Option: (a), Explanation:, •, , Option (a) is correct: Gulf of Hormuz is, between Oman and Iran, , Supplementary Notes:

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BK IAS ACADEMY PT 2022, , [63], , TEST, DAY - 7, Time Allowed: 30 mins, , 1., , Maximum Marks: 50, , If a Money Bill is reserved by, the Governor of a State for the, consideration of the President. The, President may_, , 2., , 1., , Give his assent to the Bill, , (a) 1 only, , 2., , Withhold his assent to the Bill, , (b) 2 only, , 3., , Direct the Governor of the Stateto return, it to the House for reconsideration, , (c) Both 1 and 2, , Which of the above statements is/are, correct?, , Which of the above statements is/are, correct?, , (d) Neither 1 nor 2, 4., , (a) 1 only, , Arrange the following lists in the, increasing order of the composition of, a Legislative Council:, , (b) 1 and 2 only, , 1., , Members of local bodies in the state like, municipalities, district boards, etc., , (d) 1, 2, and 3, , 2., , Graduates of three years standing and, residing within the state,, , Consider the following statements, regarding a state legislature:, , 3., , Members nominated by the governor,, , (c) 1 and 3 only, , 2., , 1., , Governor is the ex officio chairman of, the legislative council in a state., , Select the correct option using the codes, given below:, , 2., , The State Assembly is authorized to, modify the composition of a legislative, council., The term of the State Assembly can be, extended during the period of national, emergency., , (a) 1-2-3, , 3., , Which of the above statements is/are, incorrect?, (a) 1 only, (b) 2 and 3 only, (c) 1 and 2 only, (d) 1, 2 and 3, 3., , In the case of Goa, it is fixed at 30., , Consider the following statements:, 1., , As per the Constitution, the maximum, strength of a Legislative Assembly is, fixed at 500 and minimum strength at, 60., , (b) 3-2-1, (c) 2-3-1, (d) 2-1-3, 5., , Which of the following is not a, power/duties of a Speaker in a State, Assembly?, (a) He is the final interpreter of the, provisions of the Constitution of India, within the Assembly., (b) He is the leader of the House., (c) He appoints the chairmen of all the, committees of the assembly and, supervises their functioning., (d) He decides whether a bill is a Money, Bill or not and his decision on this, question is final.

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857, , 64 BK IAS PT 2022 POLITY & CONSTITUTION, , 6., , Consider the following statements:, 1., , The Deputy Speaker of Assembly is, elected by the Speaker., , 2., , S/he is removed by the Lower House, only., , 2., , There is no lower limit in this regard., , Which of the above statements is/are, incorrect?, , (a) 1 only, , (b) 2 only, , (b) 2 only, , (c) Both 1 and 2, , (c) Both 1 and 2, , (d) Neither 1 nor 2, , Which of the following statements is/, are correct?, 1. The Rajya Sabha reflects the federal, element of Indian polity whereas no, such issues in the case of a Legislative, Council., The Rajya Sabha consists of mainly, elected members whereas the Council,, of mainly nominated members., , Select the correct option using the codes, given below:, (a) 1 only, (b) 2 only, (c) Both 1 and 2, (d) Neither 1 nor 2, Consider the following bills in State, Legislature:, 1. A bill passed by the assembly but, pending in the council., 2., , A bill passed by the council but pending, in the assembly., , 3., , A bill passed by the state legislature but, pending the assent of the governor., , 4., , A bill passed by the state legislature, but returned by the president for, reconsideration., , Which of the above bills lapse when the, State legislative assembly is dissolved?, (a) 1 only, , 9., , The maximum strength of a Legislative, Council must be the half of Legislative, Assembly., , (a) 1 only, , 2., , 8., , 1., , Which of the above statements is/are, incorrect?, , (d) Neither 1 nor 2, 7., , 8574308854, 9717108622, , 10. Consider the following statements:, 1. Like the Rajya Sabha, the Legislative, Council is a continuing chamber., 2., , Unlike the members of Rajya Sabha,, the retiring members are not eligible, for re-election and re-nomination., , Which of the above statements is/are, correct?, (a) 1 only, (b) 2 only, (c) Both 1 and 2, (d) Neither 1 nor 2, 11. Disqualification of Member of State, Legislative Assembly for matters other, than those in the Tenth schedule is, decided by, (a) Speaker of Legislative Assembly, (b) Governor, (c) High Court, (d) State Election Commission, 12. Consider the following statements, regarding the legislative process in, State Legislature:, 1. There is no provision of a joint sitting, over ordinary bills in state legislature., 2., , Only the Legislative Assembly can has, the power to introduce any of the bills., , 3., , The Legislative Council can delay a, maximum of four months in case of, ordinary bills., , (b) 1 and 2 only, , Which of the above options is/are correct?, , (c) 2 and 3 only, , (a) 1 only, , (d) 3 and 4 only, , (b) 1 and 3 only, , Consider the following statements, regarding Legislative Council:, , (c) 2 and 3 only, (d) 1, 2 and 3

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BK IAS ACADEMY PT 2022, 13. When it comes to the passage of Money, Bills, how is the situation in the Union, Parliament different from that in the, State Legislature?, 1., , As in the Parliament, it can be, introduced only in the lower house of, state legislature., , 2., , Unlike in Parliament, it is not sent to the, upper house of the state legislature., , Select the correct option using the codes, given below:, , [65], (a) One-tenth of the total membership of, the House, (b) Ten members or one-tenth of total, membership whichever is more, (c) Ten members or one-tenth of total, membership whichever is less, (d) One-half of the total membership of, the House, 17. Which one of the following states does, not have Vidhan Parishad?, , (a) 1 only, , 1., , Bihar, , (b) 2 only, , 2., , Maharashtra, , (c) Both 1 and 2, , 3., , Jammu and Kashmir, , (d) Neither 1 nor 2, , 4., , Tamil Nadu, , 14. Which of the following statements, regarding State, Legislature are, incorrect?, 1., , 2., , 3., , Unlike Parliament, a Constitutional, Amendment Bill can only be introduced, in the Lower House., Constitution Amendment bills which, require ratification from states need, approval from both the Assembly and, the Council., Resolution to abolish the council in a, state legislature has to be passed by, both the Assembly and the Council., , Select the correct option using the codes, given below:, (a) 1 and 3 only, (b) 2 and 3 only, (c) 1 and 2 only, (d) 1, 2, and 3, 15. What is the time limit within which, an Ordinary Bill has to be sent to the, State Legislature by the Governor for, reconsideration?, (a) 4 months, (b) 3 month, (c) 1 months, (d) No time limit specified, 16. The quorum to hold a meeting of a, House of the State Legislature shall, be, , Select the correct option using the codes, given below:, (a) 1 and 2 only, (b) 2 and 3 only, (c) 3 and 4 only, (d) 2, 3 and 4 only, 18. In the case of Puducherry, the, President of India can legislate by, making regulations only, (a) When the Parliament, resolution to that effect, , passes, , a, , (b) When the Assembly passes a resolution, to that effect, (c) When the Assembly is suspended or, dissolved, (d) When the Lt. Governor requests him to, do so, 19. Which of the following can put a union, territory under the jurisdiction of the, high court of adjacent state?, (a) President of India, (b) Chief Justice of India, (c) Parliament of India, (d) Administrator of the concerned union, territory, 20. Consider the following statements:, 1. Presence of states and Union Territories, is a mark of federalism in India., 2., , Delhi is the only union territory that, has a high court of its own.

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857, , 66 BK IAS PT 2022 POLITY & CONSTITUTION, , Which of the above statements is/are, correct?, , 8574308854, 9717108622, , 1., , It was announced in 2015 to, issue soil cards to carry crop wise, recommendations of nutrients and, fertilisers., , 2., , It indicates soil health by testing it for, only primary nutrients., It was launched by Ministry of, Agriculture and Farmers’ Welfare., , (a) 1 only, (b) 2 only, (c) Both 1 and 2, , 3., , (d) Neither 1 nor 2, 21. Consider the following statements with, reference to Protection of Children, from Sexual Offences (Amendment), Bill, 2019:, 1. Itproposes death penalty for penetrative, sexual assault on children., 2., , It redefines child pornography as, “visual depiction of sexually explicit, conduct involving a child”., , 3., , It considers offences only against, female children as penalizing., , 4., , It penalizes administrating of drugs to, make children sexually active., , Which of the above statements is/are, correct?, (a) 1 only, (b) 2 and 3 only, (c) 3 only, (d) 1 and 3 only, 24. With reference to ‘One Nation One, Ration Card’ scheme, consider the, following statements:, 1., , Its objective is to introduce nationwide portability of ration card holders, under National Food Security Act,, 2013 (NFSA)., , 2., , It has been made available across the, country from July 1, 2020., , 3., , It has been launched by Ministry of, Agriculture and Farmers’ Welfare., , Which one of the following provision is/are, true?, (a) (a), , 1, 2 and 3 only, , (b) (b), , 2, 3 and 4 only, , (c) (c), , 1, 2 and 4 only, , (d) (d), , 1, 3 and 4 only, , 22. With reference to Sample Registration, System,, consider, the, following, statements:, 1., , 2., , The sex ratio at birth (SRB) has been, dropping continuously since Census, 2011., Only two states, Kerala, and, Chhattisgarh had an SRB of above 950, girls per 1000 boys., , Which of the above statements is/are, incorrect?, , Which of the above statements is/are, correct?, (a) 1 only, (b) 1 and 2 only, (c) 1 and 3 only, (d) 1, 2 and 3, 25. Consider the following statements, regarding Economic Census of India:, 1., , It is carried out by Ministry of Home., , 2., , It gives the count of all establishments, engaged in only non-agricultural, economic activities located India., , (a) 1 only, (b) 2 only, (c) Both 1 and 2, , Which of the above statements is/are, correct?, , (d) Neither 1 nor 2, , (a) 1 only, , 23. With reference to Soil Health Card, Scheme,, consider, the, following, statements:, , (b) 2 only, (c) Both 1 and 2, (d) Neither 1 nor 2, , **********

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BK IAS ACADEMY PT 2022, , [67], , ANSWER HINTS, DAY - 7, , 1., , Correct Option: (b), , 3., , Explanation:, , Explanation:, , Composition of Assembly, , State bills and the President, •, , Correct Option: (c), , When a money bill is reserved, consideration of the President:, , for, , ➤ The President may r give, , his, , assent to the bill,, , •, , The legislative assembly consists of, representatives directly elected by the, people on the basis of universal adult, franchise., , •, , Its maximum strength is fixed at 500 and, minimum strength at 60. It means that its, strength varies from 60 to 500 depending, on the population size of the state., , •, , However, in the case of Arunachal, Pradesh, Sikkim and Goa, the, minimum number is fixed at 30., , •, , In the case of Mizoram and Nagaland, it is, 40 and 46 respectively., , ➤ Withhold his assent to the bill, ➤ But, cannot return the bill for, reconsideration, legislature., , 2., , of, , the, , state, , Correct Option: (c), Explanation:, State Assembly, •, , •, , •, , •, •, , The Chairman of the, Legislative, Council is elected by the council, itself from amongst its members. As a, presiding officer, the powers and functions, of the Chairman in the council are similar, to those of the Speaker in the assembly., The Parliament is authorized to, modify the composition of a legislative, council., Like the Lok Sabha, the legislative assembly, is not a continuing chamber. Its normal, term is five years from the date of its first, meeting after the general elections., , 4., , Correct Option: (c), Explanation:, •, , Of the total number of members of a, legislative council:, , ➤ 1/3 are elected by the members, of local bodies in the state like, municipalities,, district, boards,, etc.,, , ➤ 1/12 are elected by graduates of, three years standing and residing, within the state,, , ➤ 1/12 are elected by teachers of three, years standing in the state, not lower, in standard than secondary school,, , ➤ 1/3 are elected by the members of the, legislative assembly of the state from, amongst persons who are not members, of the assembly, and, , However, the governor is authorized to, dissolve the assembly at any time., , ➤ the rest (1/6) are nominated by the, , Further, the term of the assembly can be, extended during the period of national, emergency by a law of Parliament for, one year at a time., , governor from amongst persons who, have special knowledge or practical, experience of literature, science, art,, cooperative movement, and social, service.

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857, , 68 BK IAS PT 2022 POLITY & CONSTITUTION, , 5., , 8574308854, 9717108622, , Correct Option: (b), , of the assembly. Such a resolution can be, moved only after giving 14 days’ advance, notice., , Explanation:, The Speaker in a State Assembly, •, , The Speaker has the following powers and, duties:, , •, , He maintains order and decorum in the, assembly for conducting its business and, regulating its proceedings. This is his, primary responsibility and he has final, power in this regard., , •, , He adjourns the assembly or suspends the, meeting in the absence of a quorum., , •, , He does not vote in the first instance. But,, he can exercise a casting vote in the case, of a tie., , •, , He can allow a ‘secret’ sitting of the, House at the request of the leader of, the House., , •, , He decides whether a bill is a Money, Bill or not and his decision on this, question is final., , •, , He decides the questions of disqualification, of a member of the assembly, arising on the, ground of defection under the provisions of, the Tenth Schedule., , 6., , He appoints the chairmen of all the, committees of the assembly and, supervises their, functioning., He, himself is the chairman of the Business, Advisory Committee, the Rules Committee, and the General Purpose Committee., , Correct Option: (a), Explanation:, , Correct Option: (a), Explanation:, Rajya Sabha and the Legislative Council, , He is the final interpreter of the, provisions of (a) the Constitution, of India, (b) the rules of procedure and, conduct of business of the assembly, and, (c) the legislative precedents, within the, assembly., , •, , •, , 7., , 8., , •, , Even though both the council and the, Rajya Sabha are second chambers, the, Constitution has given the council much, lesser importance than the Rajya Sabha, due to the following reasons:, , •, , The Rajya Sabha consists of the, representatives of the states and, thus reflect the federal element of the, polity. Therefore, it has to be an effective, revising body and not just an advisory body, or dilatory body like that of the council. On, the other hand, the issue of federal, significance does not arise in the case, of a council., , •, , The council is heterogeneously constituted., It represents different interests and some, nominated members (1/6 of the total). Its, very composition makes its position weak, and reduces its utility as an effective, revising body. On the other hand, the Rajya, Sabha is homogeneously constituted., It represents only the states and, consists of mainly elected members, (only 12 out of 250 are nominated)., , •, , The council should yield to the assembly,, which is a popular house., , •, , Thus, the Rajya Sabha is a second chamber, while the Council is a secondary chamber., , Correct option: (b), Explanation:, Bills in State Legislative Assembly, •, , The position with respect to lapsing of, bills on the dissolution of the assembly is, mentioned below:, , •, , A Bill pending in the assembly lapses, (whether originating in the assembly or, transmitted to it by the council), , •, , However, he also vacates his office earlier, in any of the following three cases:, , A Bill passed by the assembly but pending, in the council lapses., , •, , if he ceases to be a member of the, assembly;, , A Bill pending in the council but not passed, by the assembly does not lapse., , •, , A Bill passed by the assembly (in a, unicameral state) or passed by both the, houses (in a bicameral state) but pending, assent of the governor or the President, does not lapse., , Deputy Speaker of Assembly, •, , •, •, , Like the Speaker, the Deputy Speaker, is also elected by the assembly itself, from amongst its members. He is elected, after the election of the Speaker has taken, place., , •, , if he resigns by writing to the speaker; and, , •, , if he is removed by a resolution passed, by a majority of all the then members

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BK IAS ACADEMY PT 2022, •, , 9., , Bill passed by the assembly (in a unicameral, state) or passed by both the Houses (in, a bicameral state) but returned by the, president for reconsideration of Houses, does not lapse.”, , [69], •, , ➤ it may pass the bill as sent by the, assembly (i.e., without amendments);, , Correct Option: (c), , ➤ it may pass the bill with amendments, , Explanation:, , and return it to the assembly for, reconsideration;, , Structure of Legislative Council, •, , ➤ it may reject the bill altogether; and, , The maximum Strength of the, Legislative Council is fixed at onethird of the total strength of the, Assembly., , •, , The minimum strength is fixed at 40., , •, , Though the Constitution has fixed the, maximum and the minimum limits, the, actual strength of a Council is fixed by, Parliament., , 10. Correct Option: (a), , ➤ it may not take any action and thus, keep the bill pending., •, , If the council passes the bill without, amendments or the assembly accepts the, amendments suggested by the council, the, bill is deemed to have been passed by both, the Houses and the same is sent to the, governor for his assent., , •, , On the other hand, if the assembly rejects, the amendments suggested by the council, or the council rejects the bill altogether, or the council does not take any action for, three months, then the assembly may, pass the bill again and transmit the same, to the council., , •, , If the council rejects the bill again or passes, the bill with amendments not acceptable, to the assembly or does not pass the bill, within one month, then the bill is deemed, to have been passed by both the Houses, in the form in which it was passed by the, assembly for the second time., , •, , When a bill, which has originated in the, council and was sent to the assembly, is, rejected by the assembly, the bill ends and, becomes dead., , •, , Therefore, the ultimate power of passing, an ordinary bill is vested in the assembly., At the most, the council can detain or delay, the bill for a period of four months—three, months in the first instance and one month, in the second instance., , •, , Unlike parliament, there is not, any provision for the joint sitting, over ordinary bills in the State, Legislature., , Explanation:, Rajya Sabha and the Legislative Council, •, , •, , Like Rajya Sabha, the legislative, council is a continuing chamber,, that is, it is a permanent body and is not, subject to dissolution. But, one-third of its, members retire on the expiration of every, second year. So, a member continues as, such for six years., The retiring members are also eligible, for re-election and re-nomination any, number of times., , 11. Correct Option: (b), Explanation:, Disqualification of MLAs, •, , All the questions regarding disqualification, of Members of state legislature are decided, by the Governor in consultation with the, Election Commission of India., , •, , Speaker has the power to decide questions, of disqualification only under the Tenth, schedule i.e. Anti- defection law., , 12. Correct Option: (b), Explanation, Comparison between State Legislative, Assembly and Legislative Council, regarding ordinary bill, •, , Ordinary Bill can be introduced in, any house of both the Union and State, Legislature., , When a bill is passed by the legislative, assembly and transmitted to the legislative, council, the latter has four alternatives, before it:, , 13. Correct Option: (a), Explanation:, Comparison between Parliament and, State Legislature, •, , At Union level, a money bill can be, introduced only in the Lok Sabha

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857, , 70 BK IAS PT 2022 POLITY & CONSTITUTION, , 8574308854, 9717108622, , and at the state level a money Bill, can be introduced only in the state, Legislative assembly., , •, , Quorum is the minimum number of, members required to be present in the, House before it can transact any business., , • As in the Parliament, it is sent to the, upper house of the State Legislature, and the time limit within which a money, bill should be returned with or without, recommendation by Upper Houses both in, case of Parliament and state Legislature is, 14 days., , •, , It is ten members or one-tenth of the, total number of members of the House, (including the presiding officer),, whichever is greater., , •, , There is no provision of Joint sitting in case, of disagreement over money bill both in, case of Parliament and state Legislature., , 14. Correct Option: (d), Explanation:, Comparison between State Legislative, Council and Legislative Assembly, •, , State Legislature do not enjoy the, privilege to introduce a Constitutional, Amendment Bill., , •, , As per Article 368, a Constitutional, Amendment bill which requires, ratification from the states needs, approval only from Legislative, Assembly and that too by a simple, majority., , •, , There is no power to the Legislative Council, in case of abolishing the Council itself. The, resolution to abolish the Council has to, be passed by the legislative Assembly, only with a special majority., , Explanation:, in, , a, , Explanation:, •, , State, , Legislative, , • After passing, the ordinary bill goes to, Governor for assent. Here 4 courses of, action arise for the Bill:, , ➤ The Governor gives assent to bill and, it becomes an act, , ➤ Governor withholds the assent, ➤ Governor returns the bill, but there, is no time limit specified in the, Constitution for this., , ➤ Reserve the bill for consideration of, the President., , 16. Correct Option: (b), Explanation:, Quorum in a State Assembly, , Only 6 states viz. Andhra Pradesh,, Telangana, Uttar Pradesh, Bihar,, Maharashtra, Karnataka have the, Legislative Councils., , •, , J&K legislative council, with a strength of, 36 members, was created in 1957, is now, abolished., , •, , The legislative council, of, Tamil, Nadu had been abolished in 1986. In, 2010, the Legislative Assembly of Tamil, Nadu passed a resolution for the revival, of the Legislative Council in the state., Accordingly, the Parliament enacted, the Tamil Nadu Legislative Council Act,, 2010 which provided for the creation of, Legislative Council in the state. However,, before this Act was enforced, the Legislative, Assembly of Tamil Nadu passed another, resolution in 2011 seeking the abolition of, the proposed Legislative Council., , 18. Correct Option: (c), Explanation:, •, , 15. Correct Option: (d), , Legislation, Assembly, , 17. Correct Option: (c), , The Parliament can make laws on any, subject of the three lists (including the, State List) for the union territories. This, power of Parliament also extends to, Puducherry and Delhi, which have their, own local legislatures., , • The President can make regulations for, the peace, progress and good government, of the Andaman and Nicobar Islands,, Lakshadweep, Dadra and Nagar Haveli,, and Daman and Diu. In the case of, Puducherry also, the President can, legislate by making regulations but, only when the assembly is suspended, or dissolved., , 19. Correct Option: (c), Explanation:, • The Parliament can establish a high court, for a union territory., • Also, the Parliament can put it under, the jurisdiction of the high court of, the adjacent state.

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BK IAS ACADEMY PT 2022, , [71], , 20. Correct Option: (d), , legal protection to 39 per cent of population, or 43 crore children, irrespective of whether, they are a girl or boy., , Explanation:, Union Territories, • The states are the members of the, federal system in India and share a, distribution of power with the Centre., • The union territories, on the other, hand, are those areas which are under, the direct control and administration, of the Central government. In this way,, the existence of these territories constitutes, a conspicuous departure from federalism, in India., • The Parliament can establish a high court, for a union territory or put it under the, jurisdiction of the high court of adjacent, state. Delhi has a high court of its own, since 1966. But after the enactment of, the Jammu and Kashmir Reorganisation, Act, 2019, both the Union territories, Jammu & Kashmir and Ladakh have, a high court., , 21. Correct option: (c), Explanation:, • The Protection of Children from Sexual, Offences (Amendment) Bill, 2019 aims at, making offences against children genderneutral. It provides added legal protection, to 39 per cent of population or 43 crore, children, irrespective of whether they are, a girl or boy., Supplementary Notes;, • The amendment bill has a number of, provisions to safeguard children from, offences of sexual assault and sexual, harassment:, • For aggravated penetrative sexual assault, on children, the bill proposes death penalty, with a minimum of 20 years of rigorous, imprisonment., •, , •, , The bill significantly defines child, pornography as “visual depiction of, sexually explicit conduct involving a child”, including photograph, video, digital or, computer generated image., The punishment of using a child for, pornographic purposes is a minimum of five, years of jail term and on a repeat offence, for seven years along with a provision for, fine., , • The bill aims at making offences against, children gender-neutral. It provides added, , • There are cases wherein children were, administered drugs and hormones to make, them sexually active. This bill is aimed at, providing stringent punishment to such, offenders., •, , In news: Recently, the landmark legislation, for child rights, the Protection of Children, from Sexual Offences (Amendment) Bill,, 2019, was passed by both Lok Sabha and, Rajya Sabha and now requires President’s, assent to become the law., , 22. Correct option: (d), Explanation:, Supplementary notes:, Sample Registration System (SRS) data, findings on sex ratio at birth (SRB), • The sex ratio at birth (SRB) has been, dropping continuously since Census 2011,, coming down from 909 girls per thousand, boys in 2011-2013 to 896 girls in 20152017., • Of the 21 large States, only two — Kerala, and Chhattisgarh — had an SRB of above, 950 girls per 1000 boys, • At present, about 5% of girls are ‘eliminated’, before they are born, despite the promises, of the Beti Bachao Beti Padhao scheme., About Sample Registration System, • Office of the Registrar General, India,, under the Home Ministry initiated Sample, Registration System (SRS) in 1964-65 on a, pilot basis and on full scale from 1969-70., • The SRS since then has been providing, data on regular basis. It provides accurate,, up-to-date fertility and mortality data via, registration of births and deaths., •, , It thus helps in an adequate evaluation of, a number of programs in the health sector,, including family planning, maternal and, reproductive health, and immunization, programs., , 23. Correct Option: (d), Explanation:, • Uniform approach in soil testing is, adopted for 12 parameters viz. primary, nutrients (NPK); secondary nutrient, (S); micronutrients (B, Zn, Mn, Fe, & Cu); and other (pH, EC & OC) for, comprehensiveness.

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857, , 72 BK IAS PT 2022 POLITY & CONSTITUTION, , • It is promoted by the Department of, Agriculture & Co-operation under the, Ministry of Agriculture and Farmers’, Welfare., , •, , It would integrate the existing PDS, systems/portals of States/UTs with the, Central systems/portals., , 25. Correct Option: (b), , Soil Health Card Scheme, •, , 8574308854, 9717108622, , Soil Health Card Scheme was launched in, 2015 to issue ‘Soil card’ to farmers which, will carry crop-wise recommendations of, nutrients and fertilizers required for the, individual farms., , •, , This is aimed to help farmers to improve, productivity through judicious use, of, inputs., , •, , It is promoted by the Department of, Agriculture & Co-operation under the, Ministry of Agriculture and Farmers’, Welfare., , •, , It is being implemented through the, Department of Agriculture of all the State, and Union Territory Governments, , •, , It is made available once in a cycle of, 3 years, which indicates the status of, soil health of a farmer’s holding for that, particular period., , 24. Correct Option: (b), Explanation:, , Explanation:, •, , Statement 1 is incorrect: Ministry of, Statistics and Programme Implementation, carries out economic census every five, years., , •, , Statement 2 is correct: Economic census is, the complete count of all establishments, engaged in only non-agricultural economic, activities located within the geographical, boundary of India., , Supplementary Notes:, •, , Economic census is the complete count, of all establishments engaged in nonagricultural economic activities located, within the geographical boundary of India., , •, , The economic census provides disaggregated, information on various operational and, structural variables of all establishments, of the country., , •, , One of the main aims of the Economic, Census is preparation of a, National, Business Register which can be linked with, existing databases at the central and state, government levels., , •, , The seventh census would witness the, use of Information Technology for data, collection., , •, , Ministry of Statistics and Programme, Implementation carries out economic, census every five years. The ministry, has partnered with CSC e-Governance, Services India Limited, a Special Purpose, Vehicle under the Ministry of Electronics, and Information., , Statement 2 is incorrect: It will be available, across the country from July 1, 2020., Supplementary notes:, ‘One Nation One Ration Card’ scheme, •, , Launched by Ministry of Consumer Affairs,, Food and Public Distribution., , •, , It will be available across the country from, July 1, 2020., , •, , The main objective is to introduce nationwide portability of ration card holders, under National Food Security Act, 2013, (NFSA), , •, , It will allow portability of food security, benefits i.e. to lift their entitlement food, grains from any Fair Price Shop in the, country, , •, , This means poor migrant workers will be, able to buy subsidised rice and wheat from, any ration shop in the country, so long as, their ration cards are linked to Aadhaar., , Significance, •, , It is a unique initiative in the sense that it, will set a precedent for the entire country, for carrying out a large-scale survey work, like this., , •, , Also, planning of schemes would become, more effective with availability of accurate, data., , **********

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BK IAS ACADEMY PT 2022, , [73], , TEST, DAY - 8, 1., , Which of the following Committees had, been constituted after the enactment, of the 73rd Constitution Amendment, Act, 1992?, , (c) Both 1 and 2, (d) Neither 1 nor 2, , 1., , Gadgil Committee, , 4., , 2., , Committee on Minor Forest Produce, , Which of the following is not a, compulsory provision of Part IX of the, Constitution?, , 3., , Thungon Committee, , 1., , 4., , B. D. Sharma Committee, , Reservation of one-third seats (both, members and chairpersons) for women, in panchayats at all the three levels., , 2., , Constitution of a State Finance, Commission every five years., , 3., , Providing reservation of seats (both, members and chairpersons) for, backward classes in panchayats at any, level., Authorizing panchayats them to levy,, collect and appropriate taxes, duties,, tolls and fees., , Select the correct option using the codes given, below:, , (a) 1 and 2 only, (b) 2 and 4 only, (c) 1 and 3 only, (d) 1, 2, 3, and 4, 2., , 4., , Consider the following states:, 1. Goa, 2., , Sikkim, , 3., , Manipur, , Select the correct option using the codes given, below:, , (a) 3 only, , In which of the above states there is two-tier local, bodies?, , (b) 3 and 4 only, , (a) 1 and 2 only, , (c) 2 and 4 only, , (b) 2 and 3 only, , (d) 1, 2, 3, and 4, , (c) 1 only, (d) 1, 2, and 3, 3., , 5., , Who of the following statements, regarding 73rd Amendment Act is/are, correct?, 1. The Act bars the interference by courts, in the electoral matters of panchayats., 2., , No election to any panchayat is to, be questioned except by an election, petition in such manner as provided by, the State Election Commission., , Select the correct option using the codes given, below:, , The Panchayati Raj is included in, the, (a) Union List, (b) State List, (c) Concurrent List, (d) Residuary List, , 6., , Which one of the following is their, correct chronological order?, (a) 3-4-2-1, (b) 2-1-3-4, , (a) 1 only, , (c) 3-1-2-4, , (b) 2 only, , (d) 2-4-3-1

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857, , 74 BK IAS PT 2022 POLITY & CONSTITUTION, , 7., , 8574308854, 9717108622, , Consider the following statements, regarding, State, Election, Commissioner:, 1., , S/he is appointed by the Governor, , 2., , S/he cannot, Governor., , be, , removed by, , the, , Which of the above statements is/are correct?, , (a) 1 only, , 8., , (b) 1 and 2 only, (c) 2 and 3 only, (d) 1, 2, and 3, 10. Which of the following can make the, provisions to the maintenance of, accounts by Panchayats?, , (b) 2 only, , (a) State Finance Commission, , (c) Both 1 and 2, , (b) State Legislature, , (d) Neither 1 nor 2, , (c) Parliament, , Which of the following is/are not, the objectives of the Panchayats, (Extension to Scheduled Areas) Act?, 1., , To extend the provisions of Part IX of, the Constitution to the Schedule-VI, areas with certain modifications., , 2., , To mainstream tribal communities., , 3., , To provide, population., , self-rule, , for, , tribal, , Select the correct option using the codes given, below:, , (a) 2 only, (b) 1 and 2 only, (c) 1 only, (d) 1, 2, and 3, 9., , (a) 1 only, , Which of the following is/are probable, cause(s) of the ineffectiveness of the, PRIs in India?, 1., , The transfer of various governance, functions-like the provision, of, education, health, sanitation, and, water was not mandated by the 73rd, Amendment Act., , 2., , Lack of finances for PRIs., , 3., , Despite there is the mandatory, provisions for the reservations for, women and SC/STs in the PRIs, there, is hardly any representation of these, vulnerable groups., , Select the correct option using the codes, given below:, , (d) District Collector, 11. Consider the following statements:, 1., , A state can prescribe minimum, educational qualifications to contest, local body elections., , 2., , A state cannot provide more than, 33% reservation of seats for women in, Panchayati Raj Institutions (PRIs)., , Which of the statements given above are, correct?, (a) 1 only, (b) 2 only, (c) Both 1 and 2, (d) Neither 1 nor 2, 12. Which one of the following functions, is not the concern of the Local, Government in India?, (a) Public health, (b) Sanitation, (c) Public utility services, (d) Maintenance of public order, be the minimum, 13. What should, population to set up a metropolitan, committee?, (a) 1 lakh, (b) 1 million, (c) 10 million, (d) None of the above

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BK IAS ACADEMY PT 2022, 14. Which one of the following statements, with regard to the State Finance, Commission is not correct?, 1. The provisions of State Finance, Commission were added by the 73rd, Amendment Act., 2. It, recommends, principles, and, methodology as regards the devolution, of funds to the rural local bodies only., Select the correct option using the codes, given below:, (a) 1 only, (b) 2 only, (c) Both 1 and 2, (d) Neither 1 nor 2, 15. Which of the following is/are not, feature(s) of the Panchayats (Extension, to Scheduled Areas) Act?, 1. The reservation for the Scheduled, Tribes shall be less than one-half, but more than one-third of the total, number of seats., 2., 3., 4., , The Gram Sabha or the Panchayats, shall be consulted before making the, acquisition of land., Planning and management of minor, water bodies shall be entrusted to, Panchayats., All seats of Chairpersons of Panchayats, at all levels shall be reserved for the, Scheduled Tribes only., , Select the correct answer using the codes, given below:, (a) 1 only, (b) 1 and 4 only, (c) 2, 3, and 4 only, (d) 1, 2, and 3 only, 16. Which of the following is/are the source, of revenue for the urban local bodies, in India?, 1. Advertisement Taxes, 2. Life Insurance Corporation of India, 3. Grants, 4. Entertainment Tax, Select the correct answer from the codes, given below:, , [75], (d) 1, 3 and 4, 17. Which of the following statements, regarding, the, Seventy-Fourth, Amendment to the Constitution of, India is/are correct?, 1. It provides for the insertion of ScheduleXI to the Constitution., 2. It provides for the reservation of seats, for women and Scheduled Castes in the, municipalities., 3. These reservations will apply for direct, elections only., 4. Some seats may be filled by nomination, also., Select the correct answer using the codes, given below:, (a) 3 only, (b) 1, 2 and 3 only, (c) 3 and 4 only, (d) 2, 3 and 4 only, 18. Consider the following areas/states:, 1. Darjeeling Gorkha Hill Council, 2. Schedule-VI states, 3. Schedule-V areas, 4. Schedule-V states, In which of the above areas/states, the 74th, Amendment Act is not applied?, (a) 1 only, (b) 1 and 2 only, (c) 1, 2 and 3 only, (d) 1, 2, 3 and 4, 19. Consider the following statements:, 1. The Chairperson of every District, Planning Committee shall forward the, development plan to the Governor of, the State., 2. Not less than two-thirds of the total, number of members of the District, Planning Committee shall be elected,, from amongst, the elected members of, the Panchayat at the district level and, the Municipalities in the district., Which of the statements given above is/are, correct?, (a) 1 only, , (a) 1 and 2, , (b) 2 only, , (b) 1 and 3, , (c) Both 1 and 2, , (c) 1, 2, 3 and 4, , (d) Neither 1 nor 2

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857, , 76 BK IAS PT 2022 POLITY & CONSTITUTION, , 20. Consider the following statements, regarding, Metropolitan, Planning, Committee:, 1. It prepares a draft development plan, for the metropolitan area., 2., , 3., , Two-thirds of the members of a, metropolitan, planning, committee, should be elected by the elected, members of the municipalities and, chairpersons of the panchayats in, the metropolitan area from amongst, themselves., The chairpersons of such committees, shall forward the development plan, to the municipal commissioner of the, area., , Which of the statements given above is/are, incorrect?, (a) 3 only, (b) 2 only, (c) 1 only, (d) 1 and 3 only, 21. Consider the following statements, regarding the recently introduced, Jallianwala Bagh National Memorial, (Amendment) Bill, 2019:, 1. The position of President of the Indian, National Congress has changed from, chairperson to permanent member, of the Jallianwala Bagh National, Memorial., 2. It allows the central government to, terminate the term of a nominated, trustee., Which of the above statements is/are, correct?, (a) 1 only, (b) 2 only, (c) Both 1 and 2, (d) Neither 1 nor 2, 22. Which of the following type of diabetes, is not an autoimmune disease?, 1. Type 1 diabetes, , 8574308854, 9717108622, , (a) 1, 2 and 3 only, (b) 2, 3 and 4 only, (c) 1, 2 and 4 only, (d) 1, 3 and 4 only, 23. Whichoneofthefollowinginternational, conventions is not ratified by India?, (a) UN Convention on International, Settlement Agreements, (b) UN Convention against Corruption, (c) UN Convention against Transnational, Organised Crime, (d) ILO convention on Abolition of Forced, Labour, 24. Khanij Bidesh India Ltd. is a joint, venture of which of the following, central public sector enterprises?, 1. Hindustan Copper Ltd.(HCL), 2., , Coal India Ltd., , 3., , National Aluminium Company Ltd, , 4., , Mineral Exploration Company Ltd, , Select the correct answer using the code, given below:, (a) 1 and 2 only, (b) 1, 2 and 4 only, (c) 1, 3 and 4 only, (d) 2, 3 and 4 only, 25. Which one of the following is not, the main objective of Jai Bhim, Mukhyamantri Pratibha Vikas Yojana, launched by the Delhi Government?, 1. To provide quality coaching for, economically disadvantaged Scheduled, Castes candidates., 2., , To provide farm loan waivers to the, small and medium farmers, , 3., , To give free smart phones to the, anganwadi workers, , 4., , To establish special government schools, for the differently-abled children., , 2., , Type 2 diabetes, , Select the correct answer from the codes, given below:, , 3., , Pre-diabetes, , (a) 2 and 3 only, , 4., , Gestational diabetes, , (b) 2, 3 and 4 only, , Select the correct answer from the codes, given below:, , (c) 1 and 4 only, (d) 1, 3 and 4 only

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BK IAS ACADEMY PT 2022, , [77], , ANSWER HINTS, DAY - 8, , 1., , Correct Option: (b), , intermediate level Panchayat and Zilla, Parishad or district level Panchayat)., , Explanation:, , •, , However, a state having a population, not exceeding 20 lakh may not, constitute, panchayats, at, the, intermediate level., , •, , Consequently, Dadra & Nagar Haveli,, Daman & Diu, Goa, Lakshadweep,, Manipur, Puducherry, and Sikkim have, the two-tier Panchayati Raj institutions in, India., , Evolution of PRIs in India, •, , •, , •, , 2., , In, 1988,, a, sub-committee, of, the, Consultative, Committee, of, Parliament was constituted under, the chairmanship of P.K. Thungon to, examine the political and administrative, structure in the district for the purpose, of district planning. The Committee, recommended for the three-tier Panchayat, system and to provide the constitutional, status., , Ministry of Panchayati Raj constituted, three sub-committees in 2010, namely the, B. D. Sharma sub-committee on ‘Model, Guidelines to vest Gram Sabhas with, Powers as envisaged in PESA; the, Raghav Chandra sub-committee on ‘Land, Alienation, Displacement, Rehabilitation, & Resettlement’ and Shri A.K. Sharma, on Minor Forest Produce’. Report and, recommendations of all the sub-committees, have been forwarded to the PESA States., , Explanation:, Structure of the PRIs in India, The Constitution (73rd Amendment), Act, 1992 mandates provisions for the, establishment of a three-tier structure, (Village Panchayat, Panchayat Samiti or, , Correct Option: (a), Explanation:, , The Committee on Policy and Programmes, was constituted in 1988 under the, chairmanship of V.N. Gadgil. This, committee was asked to consider the, question of “how best Panchayati Raj, institutions could be made effective”. This, committee too recommended for the threetier Panchayat system and to provide the, constitutional status. The committee also, recommended for the reservation for SC/, ST and women., , Correct Option: (d), , •, , 3., , Bar to interference by Courts in Electoral, Matters, , 4., , •, , The Act bars the interference, by, courts in the electoral matters of, panchayats. It declares that the validity, of any law relating to the delimitation of, constituencies or the allotment of seats to, such constituencies cannot be questioned, in any court., , •, , It further lays down that no election, to any panchayat is to be questioned, except by an election petition, presented to such authority and in, such manner as provided by the State, Legislature., , Correct Option: (b), Explanation:, Compulsory, provisions, Amendment Act., •, , of, , the, , 73rd, , The mandatory provisions in the Act are as, follows:, , ➤ Organization of Gram Sabha, , in, , a, , village or group of villages., , ➤ Establishment of panchayats at the, village, intermediate and, levels., , district

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857, , 78 BK IAS PT 2022 POLITY & CONSTITUTION, , 8574308854, 9717108622, , performance of PRIs in India. The, Committee recommended a 2-tier system, viz. Parishad at the district level and, Mandal Panchayat., , ➤ Direct elections to all seats in, panchayats at the village, intermediate, and district levels., , ➤ Indirect elections to the post of, chairperson of panchayats at the, intermediate and district levels., , •, , ➤ 21 years to be the minimum age for, contesting elections to panchayats., , ➤ Reservation of seats (both members, and chairpersons) for SCs and STs in, panchayats at all the three levels., , 7., , Correct Option: (c), Explanation:, , ➤ Reservation, , of one-third seats, (both members and chairpersons), for women in panchayats at all, the three levels., , •, , As per the 73 rd Amendment Act, the State, election commission to supervise the, election in local bodies., , ➤ Fixing tenure of five years for, , •, , panchayats at all levels and holding, fresh elections within six months, in the event of supersession of any, panchayat., , It consists of a state election commissioner, to be appointed by the governor., , •, , Though appointed by the Governor,, S/he cannot be removed by the, Governor., , ➤ Establishment of a State Election, , •, , As per the Act, S/he shall not be removed, from the office except in the manner, and on the grounds prescribed for the, removal of a judge of the state high, court., , Commission for conducting elections, to the panchayats., , ➤ Constitution of a State Finance, Commission., , 5., , 6., , The G.V.K. Rao committee was, appointed in 1985 to recommend an, integrated concept for growth and poverty, alleviation and the performance of the, PRIs., , 8., , Correct Option: (b), , Correct Option: (b), , Explanation:, , Explanation:, , Panchayati Raj, , Objectives of the PESA Act, , •, , The term Panchayati Raj in India signifies, the system of rural local selfgovernment., , •, , It has been established in all the states of, India by the Acts of the state legislatures, to build democracy at the grass root level., , •, , It is entrusted with rural development., , •, , It was constitutionalised through the 73rd, Constitutional Amendment Act of 1992., , •, , It is in the State List., , The objectives of the PESA Act are as, follows:, , ➤ To extend the provisions of Part, IX of the Constitution relating to, the panchayats to the scheduled, areas (Schedule-V) with certain, modifications., , ➤ To provide self-rule for the bulk, of the tribal population., , ➤ To have village governance with, , Correct Option: (c), , participatory democracy and to make, the gram sabha a nucleus of all, activities., , Explanation:, Evolution of PRIs in India, •, , •, , ➤ To evolve a suitable administrative, , The Balvant Rai Mehta Committee was, constituted in 1957 that recommended a, 3-tier Panchayati Raj System in India., , •, , Santhanam committee was formed in, 1963 to study the financial matters of the, PRIs., , •, , The Ashok Mehta Committee, constituted in 1977 to study the, , was, , framework consistent with traditional, practices., , ➤ To safeguard and to preserve the, traditions and customs of tribal, communities., , ➤ To empower panchayats at the, appropriate levels with specific powers, conducive to tribal requirements.

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BK IAS ACADEMY PT 2022, ➤ To prevent panchayats at the higher, level from assuming the powers and, authority of panchayats at the lower, level of the gram sabha., , 9., , Correct Option: (b), , [79], 10. Correct Option: (b), Explanation:, Audit of accounts of Panchayats, •, , As per the Article 243J, the State, Legislature may, by law, make provisions, with respect to the maintenance of accounts, by the Panchayats and auditing of such, accounts., , •, , Generally, CAG audits Panchayat Raj, Institutions as they are principally funded, by grants from the State Governments for, which CAG is the sole auditor., , Explanation:, Causes of ineffectiveness of the PRIs in, India, •, , Except representation of women and, other vulnerable groups, the PRIs in India, have largely been ineffective. Some of the, reasons for this are as follows:, , ➤ Lack of adequate devolution: The, voluntary provisions of the devolution, of power to levt tax and duties is the, main reason for the failure of the PRIs, in India., , ➤, , Low level of tax collections:, According to the Economic survey of, 2018, Panchayats received 95 per cent, of their revenues from the devolved, funds from the centre/state, while, generating only 5 per cent from own, resources., , 11. Correct Option: (a), Explanation:, Panchayati Raj Institutions in India, •, , The Supreme Court in Rajbala &, Ors vs State Of Haryana & Ors,, 2015 case upheld the Haryana, Panchayati, Raj, (Amendment), Act, 2015 which introduced the, educational qualification as the basis, of disqualification to contest local, body elections., , •, , The educational qualification as per, the Amendment Act, is specified as, passing the “matriculation examination, or its equivalent examination from any, recognised institution/board: Provided, that in case of a woman candidate or a, candidate belonging to Scheduled Caste,, the minimum qualification shall be middle, pass: Provided further that in case of a, woman candidate belonging to Scheduled, Caste contesting election for the post of, Panch, the minimum qualification shall be, 5th pass., , •, , Among the, States, that, already, follow 50% reservation for women in, Panchayati Raj Institutions (PRIs) are, Bihar(first state to do this), Uttarakhand,, Madhya Pradesh and Himachal Pradesh., , ➤ Excessive control by bureaucracy:, In some States, the Gram Panchayats, have been placed in a position of, subordination. Hence, the Gram, Panchayat Sarpanches have to, spend extraordinary amount of time, visiting Block Offices for funds and/or, technical approval. These interactions, with the Block staff office distort, the role of Sarpanches as elected, representatives., , ➤ Overwhelming, , dependency, on government funding: When, Panchayats do not raise resources, and instead receive funds from, outside, people are less likely, to request a social audit, which, results in an inadequate social, audit of the PRIs., , ➤ Poor Infrastructure:, , A, large, number of Gram Panchayats in the, country do not have even full time, Secretary. Around 25 percent of the, Gram Panchayats do not have basic, office buildings. The database for, planning, monitoring etc., are lacking, in most of the cases. Also, a large, number of elected representatives of, PRIs are a large number of elected, representatives of PRIs are semiliterate or literate and know little, about their roles & responsibilities,, programmes, procedures, systems., , 12. Correct Option: (d), Explanation:, PRIs in India, •, , Schedule XI or XII do nt contain the public, order because the maintanance of the, law and order is not the concern of the, local bodies in India., , •, , It is under purview of the corresponding, state.

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857, , 80 BK IAS PT 2022 POLITY & CONSTITUTION, , 8574308854, 9717108622, , 13. Correct Option: (c), , ➤ Legislation on Panchayats shall be in, conformity with the customary law,, social and religious practices and, traditional management practices of, community resources;, , Explanation:, Metropolitan Committee, •, , •, , The Constitution of India makes it, mandatory for the States to set up, Metropolitan Planning Committees (MPCs), in the metropolitan areas of the country., , ➤ Every Gram Sabha to safeguard, and preserve the traditions and, customs of people, their cultural, identity, community resources and, the customary mode of dispute, resolution., , A metropolitan area is defined as an, area having a population of 1 million, or above., , ➤ The Gram Sabhas have roles and, responsibilities in approving all, development works in the village,, identify beneficiaries, issue certificates, of utilization of funds; powers to, control institutions and functionaries, in all social sectors and local plans., , 14. Correct Option: (b), Explanation:, State Finance Commission, •, , The provisions for the State Finance, Commission were added by the, 73rd Amendment Act. They have been, enshrined in article 243-I and 243-Y in, Part IX-A and IX-B., , •, , They are constituted by Governor every, five years., , •, , They, recommend, principles, and, methodology as regards the devolution, of funds to both rural and urban local, bodies., , •, , The recommendations of the state finance, commissions include:, , ➤, , ➤ The distribution between the State, , ➤ Provided that the reservation for, , and the local bodies of the net proceeds, of the taxes, duties, tolls and fees, leviable by the State., , the Scheduled Tribes shall not, be less than one-half of the total, number of seats;, , ➤ Determination of the taxes, duties,, , ➤ Provided further that all seats of, , tolls and fees levied or appropriated, by the local bodies., , Chairpersons of Panchayats at, all levels shall be reserved for the, Scheduled Tribes;, , ➤ The grants-in-aid to the local bodies, from the Consolidated Fund of the, State., , ➤ Measures needed to improve the, financial position of the local bodies,, etc., , 15. Correct Option: (a), Explanation:, Features of the PESA Act, •, , •, , The provisions of Panchayats with certain, modification and exceptions have been, extended to the Schedule V areas viz. the, ten States where the Panchayats exists in, the country., The provisions of the PESA Act are as, follows:, , Gram Sabhas or Panchayats at, appropriate level shall also have, powers to manage minor water, bodies;, power, of, mandatory, consultation in matters of land, acquisition;, resettlement, and, rehabilitationandprospectinglicenses/, mining leases for minor minerals;, power to prevent alienation of, land and restore alienated land;, regulate and restrict sale/consumption, of liquor; manage village markets,, control money lending to STs; and, ownership of minor forest produce., , 16. Correct Option: (c), Explanation:, The sources of revenue of urban local, bodies in India, •, , The major sources of receipts/income for, the Urban Local Bodies are:, , ➤ Own Tax Revenue: Property tax,, OCTROI, Vacant land tax, Tax on, animals, advertisement tax, etc., , ➤ Own non-tax, , revenue:, fees, user charges, etc., , Municipal, , ➤ Borrowing: mainly from LIC, Central, governments, banks, and municipal, bonds, etc.

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BK IAS ACADEMY PT 2022, ➤, , Grants-in-Aid from Governments., , ➤, , Assigned, (Shared), Revenue:, Profession Tax, Surcharge on Stamp, Duty, Entertainment Tax, , ➤ Etc., , [81], •, , As per the Article 243-ZC, the provision, of the Act is not to apply to certain areas, viz. Scheduled Areas and the Tribal Areas, of Article 244 i.e. Schedule-V areas and, Schedule-VI states., , •, , It is also not applied to the Darjeeling, Gorkha Hill Council of West Bengal., , 17. Correct Option: (d), Explanation:, 74th Amendment Act, •, , The, Constitution, (Seventy, Fourth, Amendment) Act, 1992 has introduced a, new Part IXA and a Schedule-XII in the, Constitution. It provides for the constitution, of three types of Municipalities: (i) Nagar, Panchayats for areas in transition from, a rural area to urban area; (ii) Municipal, Councils for smaller urban areas; and (iii), Municipal Corporations for larger urban, areas, , •, , The Schedule XII contains 18 items on which, the Urban Local Bodies can make laws., , •, , It has given constitutional status to the, municipalities and brought them under the, justifiable part of the constitution. States, were put under constitutional obligation, to adopt municipalities as per system, enshrined in the Constitution., , •, , As per the Act, besides the seats filled, by direct elections, some seats may be, filled by nomination of persons having, special knowledge and experience in, municipal administration. Persons so, nominated shall not have the right to vote, in the meetings of the municipality., , •, , The proportion of seats to be reserved, for SC/ST to the total number of seats, has to be same as the proportion of the, population of SC/ST in the municipal, area., , •, , The reservation has to be made for only, those seats that are to be filled by the direct, elections., , •, , •, , This Act also provides that not less, than one-third of the total number, of seats reserved for SC/ST shall be, reserved for women belonging to SC/, ST., In respect of women, the seats shall be, reserved to the extent of not less than onethird of the total number of seats. This, includes seats reserved for women, belonging to SC/ST. These reservations, will apply for direct elections only., , 18. Correct Option: (c), Explanation:, Inapplicability of the 74th Amendment Act, , 19. Correct Option: (d), Explanation:, District Planning Committee, •, , As per the 74th Amendment Act, Every, state shall constitute at the district level, a, district planning committee to consolidate, the plans prepared by panchayats and, municipalities in the district, and to, prepare a draft development plan for the, district as a whole., , •, , The state legislature may make provisions, with respect to the following:, , ➤ The composition of such committees;, ➤ The manner of election of members of, such committees;, , ➤ The functions of such committees in, relation to district planning; and, , ➤ The manner of the election of the, chairpersons of such committees., •, , The chairperson of such committee shall, forward the development plan to the state, government (not the Governor)., , •, , Constitution provides that four-fifths of, the members of a district planning, committee should be elected by, the elected members of the District, Panchayat and municipalities in the, district from amongst themselves., , •, , The representation of these members in, the committee should be in proportion, to the ratio between the rural and urban, populations in the district., , 20. Correct Option: (a), Explanation:, Metropolitan Planning Committee, •, , Every metropolitan area shall have a, metropolitan planning committee to, prepare a draft development plan., , •, , The state legislature may make provisions, with respect to the following:, , •, , The composition of such committees;

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857, , 82 BK IAS PT 2022 POLITY & CONSTITUTION, , 8574308854, 9717108622, , of Opposition, then the Leader of the single, largest Opposition Party in that House”, will be on the trust., , ➤ The manner of election of members of, such committees;, , ➤, , The representation in such committee, of the Central government, state, government and other organizations;, , ➤ The functions of such committees in, relation to planning and coordination, for the metropolitan area; and, , •, , The bill allows the central government to, terminate the term of a nominated trustee, before the expiry of the period of his term., , •, , The bill is introduced so that such, organizations or trusts could not be, politicized and should instead be, nationalized., , •, , In news: The Lok Sabha recently passed, Jallianwala Bagh National Memorial, (Amendment) Bill, 2019 by a voice vote., , ➤ The manner of election of chairpersons, of such committees., •, , •, , The Constitution lays down that twothirds of the members of a metropolitan, planning, committee, should, be, elected by the elected members of the, municipalities and chairpersons of, the panchayats in the metropolitan, area from amongst themselves., , 22. Correct Option: (b), Explanation:, •, , The chairpersons of such committees, shall forward the development plan to, the state government., , Type 1 diabetes is an autoimmune, disease. The immune system attacks, and destroys cells in the pancreas, where, insulin is made., , Supplementary Notes:, , 21. Correct option: (b), , •, , Explanation:, Option (b) is correct:, •, , •, , The position of chairperson has, remained same with the Prime, Minister as in the Act of 1951 whereas,, the position of President of the Indian, National Congress as permanent member, is removed., The bill allows the central government, to terminate the term of a nominated, trustee before the expiry of the period, of his term., , About Diabetes, •, , Diabetes is a metabolic disease that, causes high blood sugar. The hormone, insulin moves sugar from the blood to cells, to be stored or used for energy., , •, , With diabetes, body either doesn’t make, enough insulin or can’t effectively use, the insulin it does make., , •, , Untreated high blood sugar from diabetes, can damage nerves, eyes, kidneys, and, other organs., , Supplementary Notes:, •, , •, , •, , The Jallianwala Bagh National Memorial, (Amendment) Bill, 2019 amends the, Jallianwala Bagh National Memorial Act,, 1951 which was passed to erect a National, Memorial in memory of those killed and, wounded in the Jallianwala Bagh massacre, of over 1,000 people on April 12, 1919., Under the provisions of the Act, the trustees, of the Memorial include the Prime Minister, as Chairperson, the Congress president, the, Minister-in-charge of Culture, the Leader, of Opposition in Lok Sabha, the Governor, and Chief Minister of Punjab, and three, eminent persons nominated by the Centre, as its members. The bill seeks to remove, the Congress president as a permanent, member of this trust., The bill says that “the Leader of Opposition, recognised as such in the House of the, People, or where there is no such Leader, , The South Asian population, including, Indians, have been showing symptoms of, diabetes for at least 11,000 years now., Besides, the stature of this population, began to reduce and since 7,000 years, has, fallen by 8.5 cm among males and by 7.7, cm among females, a new study has found., , Different types of diabetes:, •, , Type 1 diabetes: It is an autoimmune, disease. The immune system attacks, and destroys cells in the pancreas, where, insulin is made. It’s unclear what causes, this attack. About 10 percent of people, with diabetes have this type., , •, , Type 2 diabetes: It occurs when body, becomes resistant to insulin, and sugar, builds up in your blood. It stems from, a combination of genetics and lifestyle, factors., , •, , Pre-diabetes: It occurs when blood, sugar is higher than normal, but it’s, not high enough for a diagnosis of type, 2 diabetes.

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BK IAS ACADEMY PT 2022, •, , [83], , Gestational diabetes: It is high blood, sugar during pregnancy. Insulinblocking hormones produced by the, placenta cause this type of diabetes., , ➤ Mineral Exploration Company Ltd., (MECL), •, , It would carry out identification, acquisition,, exploration, development, mining and, processing of strategic minerals overseas, for commercial use and meeting country’s, requirement of these minerals., , •, , The equity participation between NALCO,, HCL and MECL is in the ratio of 40:30:30, , 23. Correct Option: (a), Explanation:, •, , The Union Cabinet had recently approved, the signing (not ratified) of the UN, Convention on International Settlement, Agreements., , Supplementary Notes:, , UN Convention on International, Settlement Agreements, •, , It is also known as the “Singapore, Convention on Mediation”.It provides, an efficient and harmonized framework, for cross-border enforcement of settlement, agreements, , •, , It ensures that a settlement reached by, parties becomes binding and enforceable, in accordance with a simplified and, streamlined procedure., , •, , It is an essential instrument in the, facilitation of international trade and, in the promotion of mediation as an, alternative and effective method of, resolving trade disputes, , India’s Other, Mediation, , Initiatives, , to, , Significance, •, , It is a move to ensure a consistent supply, of critical and strategic minerals to Indian, domestic market., , •, , In other words, it will ensure mineral, security of the Nation., , •, , It will help in building partnerships with, other mineral rich countries like Australia, and those in Africa, , •, , It would also help in realizing the overall, objective of import substitution., , •, , In News - Ministry of Mines is setting, up a joint venture company namely Khanij, Bidesh India Ltd. (KABIL), , 25. Correct Option: (b), Explanation:, •, , promote, , •, , The Government is in the process of, establishing the New Delhi International, Arbitration Centre (NDIAC) as a, statutory body, , •, , Commercial Courts Act, 2015 has been, amended and amendment to the Arbitration, and Conciliation Act, 1996, is currently, underway., , •, , In News - The Union Cabinet had, approved the signing of the UN Convention, on International Settlement Agreements, resulting from mediation by India., , 24. Correct Option: (c), Explanation:, , Supplementary Notes:, •, , The scheme will be implemented through the, reputed institutions/centers run by the, registered private institutions /NGOS., , •, , Only students belonging to SCs residing, in Delhi & who have passed 10th and, 12th class ( or studying in class XII) from, the schools in Delhi , having total family, income of not more than Rs.6.00 lakh per, annum will be eligible under the scheme., , •, , The ratio of students who have completed, their studies from Govt. and Private, Schools to be coached under the Scheme, will be 75:25., , •, , Under the scheme, the government, currently pays a maximum of `40,000, to selected eight institutes for the, coaching of each student. Apart from it, a, monthly stipend of `2,500 is given to, each student. Now, the amount will be, increased from `40,000 to `1,50,000 and, the duration of the coaching will also be, extended., , Supplementary notes:, Khanij Bidesh India Ltd, •, , It will be set up with the participation, of, three, Central, Public, Sector, Enterprises namely,, , ➤ National Aluminium Company Ltd., (NALCO), , ➤ Hindustan Copper Ltd.(HCL), , It was launched by the Delhi Government, in 2018 to provide quality coaching, for, economically, disadvantaged, Scheduled Castes (SCs) candidates to, enable them to compete in Competitive, examination and succeed in obtaining an, appropriate job in Public/ Private sector.

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857, , 84 BK IAS PT 2022 POLITY & CONSTITUTION, , 8574308854, 9717108622, , TEST, DAY - 9, Time Allowed: 30 mins, , 1., , 2., , Consider the following statements, regarding ‘Advisory Jurisdiction’ of, the Supreme Court of India:, 1. Supreme Court on any question of law, or fact of public importance may refuse, to tender its opinion to the President., 2., , The opinion expressed by the Supreme, Court is a judicial pronouncement,, hence, it is binding on the President., , 3., , it facilitates the government to have an, authoritative legal opinion on a matter, to be decided by it., , Supreme Courtof India is different from, its normal Appellate Jurisdiction?, 1., , It is a discretionary power of the, Court., , 2., , It can be filed against the order of a high, court refusing to grant the certificate, of fitness for appeal to the Supreme, Court., , 3., , It can be granted in any judgment, whether final or interlocutory., , Select the correct option using the codes, given below:, , Which of the above statements is/are, correct?, , (a) 2 only, , (a) 1 and 3 only, , (b) 1 and 3 only, , (b) 1 only, , (c) 1, 2, and 3, , (c) 2 and 3 only, (d) 1, 2, and 3, , (d) 1 only, , Which of the following statements is/, are correct?, 1. Once a court is madea ‘Court of Record’, by statute, the power to punish for, contempt necessarily follows from that, position., 2., , 3., , It also means that the acts and judicial, proceedings are enrolled for a perpetual, memorial and testimony., Not all High Courts are the ‘Court of, Record’., , Select the correct option using the codes, given below:, (a) 1 only, (b) 1 and 2 only, (c) 3 only, (d) 1, 2, and 3, 3., , Maximum Marks: 50, , In which of the following ways,the, ‘Appeal by Special Leave’ by the, , 4., , Which of the following statements is/, are incorrect?, 1., , Only the Supreme Court has the, originaljurisdiction for any dispute, between two or more states., , 2., , Any suit brought by a private citizen, against theCentre or a state is not, entertained by the Supreme Court., , Select the correct option using the codes, given below:, (a) 1 only, (b) 2 only, (c) Both 1 and 2, (d) Neither 1 nor 2, 5. Consider the following statements, regarding jurisdictions of the Supreme, Court and High Courts:, 1., , Judicial review is the exclusive power, of the Supreme Court.

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BK IAS ACADEMY PT 2022, 2., , 3., , [85], , Only the Supreme Court can decide, thedisputes regarding the election of, the President and the Vice-President., Only the Supreme Court can have the, ‘Special Leave Petition’ against the, decision by the Military Court and, Tribunals., , Which of the above statements is/are, correct?1 only, (a) 2 only, , (c) Mahabharata, (d) Mundaka Upanishad, 9., , Consider the following statements, regarding Lokpal in India:, 1. It has been given constitutional, status., 2., , It has a wide jurisdiction including, Prime Minister of the country., , 3., , The Lokpal has been the authority to, take Suomoto cognizance of the cases, of corruption., , (b) 2 and 3 only, (c) 1 and 3 only, (d) None of the above, 6., , Which of the following statements is/, are correct?, 1. The Supreme Court does not have, jurisdiction, toadjudicate, water, disputes., 2. The Writ Jurisdiction is both original, as well as appellate., Select the correct option using the codes, given below:, (a) 1 only, (b) 2 only, (c) Both 1 and 2, , Which of the above statements is/are, incorrect?, (a) 1 only, (b) 1 and 3 only, (c) 2 and 3 only, (d) 1 and 2 only, 10. Consider the following statements:, 1. The concept of curative petition was, first evolved by the Supreme Court of, India in the Menaka Gandhi Case., 2. It is the last judicial resort available, for redressal of grievances in Court and, enjoyed after the ‘Review Petition’., 3., , (d) Neither 1 nor 2, 7., , In which of the following cases High, Court has the original jurisdiction?, , Which of the above statements is/are, correct?, (a) 1 only, , 1., , Disputes relating to the election of, members of Parliament and State, legislatures., , (b) 2 and 3 only, , 2., , Enforcement of fundamental rights of, citizens., , (d) 1, 2, and 3, , 3., , Any Dispute between the Centre and, any state., , Select the correct answer using the code, given below., (a) 1 and 2 only, (b) 1 only, (c) 2 and 3 only, (d) 1, 2 and 3, 8., , The court could impose “exemplary, costs” to the petitioner if his plea lacks, merit., , (c) 1 and 3 only, , 11. The jurisdiction of which of the, following states is under the purview, of Gauhati High Court?, 1. Arunachal Pradesh, 2. Mizoram, 3., , Manipur, , 4., , Nagaland, , Select the correct option using the codes, given below:, (a) 2 and 3 only, , The logo of the Supreme Court, “Yato, Dharma Tato Jaya” is taken from, , (b) 1 and 4 only, , (a) Rigveda, , (c) 1, 2, and 4 only, , (b) Katha Upanishad, , (d) 2, 3, and 4 only

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857, , 86 BK IAS PT 2022 POLITY & CONSTITUTION, , 12. Consider the following statements, regarding appointment of judges:, 1., , The President can return the name for, reconsideration of the Supreme Court., , 2., , The President can consult the Judges, of the High Courts of States to appoint, a Supreme Court Judge., , Which of the above statements is/are, incorrect?, (a) 1 only, (b) 2 only, (c) Both 1 and 2, (d) Neither 1 nor 2, 13. Which of the following statements, regarding the removal of judges is, correct?, 1. A removal motion has to be signed by at, least 100 members in the RajyaSabha, or the LokSabha., 2., , The Speaker/Chairman has toadmit, the motion for the removal of a Judge, of the Supreme Court if it has been, passed by the House., , 3., , The grounds of removal is the violation, of the Constitution., , 4., , If the charge is proved by the Inquiry, Committee, the Parliament is not, bound to remove the Judge., , Select the correct option using the codes, given below:, (a) 4 only, (b) 2 and 4 only, (c) 2 and 3 only, (d) 1, 2, and 4 only, 14. Fourth Judges Case is related to, (a) Removal of Judges, (b) Appointment of Judges, (c) Transfer of Judges, (d) Public Interest Litigation, 15. Which of the following statements, regarding the ‘National Court of, Appeal’ is/are correct?, 1. The Supreme Court always sits in, Delhi as per the Constitution., 2., , To establish it, there must be a, Constitutional Amendment for this., , 8574308854, 9717108622, , 3., , The Supreme Court itself never has, recommended the establishment of, this., , Select the correct option using the codes, given below:, (a) 1 only, (b) 1 and 3 only, (c) 2 and 3 only, (d) 1, 2, and 3, 16. Which of the following statements, regarding LokAdalats is incorrect?, (a) It is composed only of judicial officers., (b) An award made by it is final and, binding on the parties to the dispute., (c) It is deemed to be a civil court under, the Civil Procedure Court., (d) All the above, 17. Which of the following statements, regarding Tribunal is/are correct?, 1. It is a quasi-judicial authority., 2., , It follows the procedures as laid down, under the Civil Procedure Code., , 3., , It was added to the Constitution based, on the recommendation of Swaran, Singh Committee., , Select the correct option using the codes, given below:, (a) 2 and 3 only, (b) 1 and 3 only, (c) 1 only, (d) 1, 2, and 3, 18. Consider the following statements:, 1. The appointment ofdistrict judges in, a state are made bythe President in, consultation with the state high court., 2., , Other than District Judge, all the other, officers in the judicial service of the, state are appointed by the Governor in, consultation of the State Public Service, Commission., , Which of the, areincorrect?, , above, , (a) 1 only, (b) 2 only, (c) Both 1 and 2, (d) Neither 1 nor 2, , statements, , is/

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BK IAS ACADEMY PT 2022, 19. Consider the following statements:, 1. Presently, the total number of judges, in the Supreme Court is 34., 2., , Only the President has the power, to increase the number of Judges in, India., , Which of the above statements is/are, correct?, (a) 1 only, (b) 2 only, (c) Both 1 and 2, , [87], Which of the above statements is/are, correct?, (a) 1 only, (b) 2 only, (c) Both 1 and 2, (d) Neither 1 nor 2, 23. Consider the following statements, regarding Monetary Policy Committee, (MPC), 1., , It constitutes members from Reserve, Bank of India only., , 2., , It is required to meet at least four times, in a year., , 3., , It decides the key policy interest rate, i.e Bank Rate., , (d) Neither 1 nor 2, 20. Which of the following statements is/, are correct?, 1., , The Supreme Court does not enjoy the, Right to Privacy., , 2., , The office of Chief Justice of India is, “public authority” and falls under the, purview of the Right to Information, Act., , Select the correct option using the codes, given below:, (a) 1 only, (b) 2 only, (c) Both 1 and 2, (d) Neither 1 nor 2, 21. Which one of the following program, launched by Atal Innovation Mission, (AIM) fostering innovation involves, participation of Panchayati Raj, Institutions?, (a) Atal Tinkering Labs, (b) Atal Incubators, , Which of the above statements is/are, correct?, (a) 3 only, (b) 2 only, (c) 1 and 3 only, (d) 1 and 2 only, 24. Consider the following statements, about Civilian Awards in India:, 1., , Bharat, Ratna, can, be, given, posthumously but Padma Awards are, normally not conferred posthumously., , 2., , Government servants are not eligible, for Padma Awards., , Which of the above statements is/are, correct?, (a) 1 only, , (c) Atal New India Challenges and Atal, Grand Challenges, , (b) 2 only, , (d) Atal Community Innovation Centre, , (c) Both 1 and 2, (d) Neither 1 nor 2, , 22. Consider the following statements, regarding Anti-Defection, Law, in, India, 1. Both, the Speaker and the Chairman, of the House have the power to decide, the disqualification of a member of the, respective house., 2., , Resignation from the political party is, the only criteria to ascertain whether, the member has voluntarily given up, the membership of his party or not., , 25. Who is empowered to decide what, provisions of Indian Constitution, apply to J&K?, (a) President after parliament approves, (b) Cabinet alone, (c) State legislature of J&K alone, (d) President along with State legislature, of J&K

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857, , 88 BK IAS PT 2022 POLITY & CONSTITUTION, , 8574308854, 9717108622, , ANSWER HINTS, DAY - 9, , 1., , Correct Option: (a), , to punish for contempt necessarily, follows from that position”., , Explanation:, Advisory Jurisdiction of the Supreme Court, •, , 3., , Correct Option: (c), Explanation:, , Article 143 authorizes the president to, seek the opinion of the Supreme Court in, the two categories of matters:, , Appeal by Special Leave, , ➤ On any question of law or fact of public, importance which has arisen or which, is likely to arise., , ➤ On any dispute arising out of any pre-, , •, , Special leave petition is a power of the, Supreme Court of India granted by, Constitution Article 136., , •, , It can be filed against any judgment of a, high court within 90 days from the date of, judgment, or It can be filed within 60 days, against the order of a high court refusing, to grant the certificate of fitness for, appeal to the Supreme Court, whereas,, the other Appellate Jurisdiction is if the, high court certifies that the case needs to, be decided by the Supreme Court., , •, , It can be granted in any judgment, whether final or interlocutory whereas,, the normal Appellate Jurisdiction is, enjoyed only after the final judgment, by the high court., , •, , It is a discretionary power of the, Court and hence, cannot be claimed, as a matter of right,unlike the normal, Appellate Jurisdiction., , constitution, treaty,, agreement,, covenant, engagement, etc., , 2., , •, , In the first case, the Supreme Court, may tender or may refuse to tender its, opinion to the President. But, in the, second case, the Supreme Court ‘must’, tender its opinion to the president., , •, , In both cases, the opinion expressed by, the Supreme Court is only advisory and, not a judicial pronouncement. Hence,, it is not binding on the President., , •, , However, it facilitates the government, to have an authoritative legal opinion, on a matter to be decided by it., , Correct Option: (b), Explanation:, Court of Record, •, , •, , •, , A court whereof the acts and judicial, proceedings are enrolled for a, perpetualmemorialandtestimony, and, which has power to fine and imprison, for contempt of its authority., , 4., , Correct Option: (d), Explanation:, Original Jurisdiction of the, Court, •, , Article 129 provides that the Supreme, Court shall be a court of record and Article, 215 contains a similar provision in respect, of the High Court thus, both the Supreme, Court as well as the High Courts are, courts of record., Dr. Ambedkar in Constituent Assembly, said that “once you make a court a, court of record by statute, the power, , Supreme, , As a federal court, the Supreme Court, decides the disputes between different, units of the Indian Federation. The dispute, can be between:, , ➤ the Centre and one or more states; or, ➤ the Centre and any state or states on, one side and one or more states on the, other; or, , ➤ between two or more states., •, , In the above federal disputes, the, Supreme Court has exclusive original, jurisdiction.

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BK IAS ACADEMY PT 2022, •, , 5., , [89], ➤ Cases ordered to be transferred from, , But, the questions of political nature are, excluded from it and any suit brought, before the Supreme Court by a private, citizen against the Centre or a state, cannot be entertained under this., , a subordinate court involving the, interpretation of the Constitution to, its own file., •, , The four high courts (i.e., Calcutta,, Bombay, Madras, and Delhi High Courts), have original civil jurisdiction in cases of, higher value., , •, , Supreme Court holds the original, jurisdiction in case of any dispute between, the Centre and any state., , Correct Option: (a), Explanation:, Comparison between the powers of the, Supreme Court and high courts, •, , •, , •, , 6., , Both the Supreme Court and High, Courts have the power of Judicial, Review. But the judgments of high courts, can be rejected or modified or upheld by the, Supreme Court., , Correct Option: (c), Explanation:, YatoDharmastato Jaya, , The Supreme Court decides the, disputes regarding the election of, the President and the Vice-President., In this regard, it has the original,, exclusive and final authority., Supreme Court too, does not have the, power of the ‘Special Leave Petition’, against the decision by the Military, Court and Tribunals., , •, , It has been taken from Bhagavad Gita, a, part of Mahabharata., , •, , It means “Where there is Dharma, (Righteousness), there will be Victory”., , •, , The logo of the Supreme Court of India is the, Asoka Chakra but unlike the national logo, which has “SatyamevaJayate” inscribed on, it, the Supreme Court logo inscribes “Yato, Dharma Tato Jaya”., , Correct Option: (b), 9., , Explanation:, Powers of the Supreme Court, •, , •, , 7., , 8., , The Supreme Court does not have, the original jurisdiction over Interstate water disputes but the aggrieved, party(s) can approach the Court via, appeal., Writ Jurisdiction is both original ( if, any individual approach the Supreme, Court directly) as well as appellate., , Correct Option: (a), , Correct Option: (b), Explanation:, Lokpal in India, •, , Lokpal will consist of a chairperson and a, maximum of eight members, of which 50%, shall be judicial members and 50% shall be, from SC/ST/OBCs, minorities and women., , •, , It is just a statutory position after the, enactment of the Lokpal and Lokayuktas, (Amendment) Bill, 2016., , •, , The Lokpal will cover all categories of, public servants, including the Prime, Minister. But the armed forces do not, come under the ambit of Lokpal., , •, , The Lokpal has been deprived of, the authority of taking suomoto, cognizance of the cases of corruption, and maladministration., , Explanation:, Original Jurisdiction of High Court, •, , Original Jurisdiction means the power of, a high court to hear disputes in the first, instance, not by way of appeal. It extends, to the following:, , ➤ Matters of admiralty, will, marriage,, divorce, company laws and contempt, of court., , ➤ Disputes relating to the election, of members of Parliament and, state legislatures., , ➤ Regarding revenue matter or an act, ordered or done in revenue collection., , ➤ Enforcement, , of, rights of citizens., , fundamental, , 10. Correct Option: (b), Explanation:, Curative petition, •, , The curative petition is fairly a new concept, in the Indian legal system., , •, , The concept of curative petition was first, evolved by the Supreme Court of India, in the matter of Rupa Ashok Hurra vs., Ashok Hurra and Anr. (2002).

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857, , 90 BK IAS PT 2022 POLITY & CONSTITUTION, , •, , The Supreme Court in the above case held, that in order to prevent abuse of its process, and to cure gross miscarriage of justice, it, may reconsider its judgments in exercise of, its inherent powers. For this purpose, the, Court has devised what has been termed as, a “curative” petition., , 8574308854, 9717108622, , 13. Correct Option: (a), Explanation:, Removal of judges, •, , It is the last judicial resort available, for redressal of grievances in court,, enjoyed after the review petition., , A judge of the Supreme Court can be, removed from his office by an order of the, President., , •, , The grounds of removal are two viz. proved, misbehavior or incapacity., , •, , It is normally decided by judges in-chamber., , •, , •, , No time limit is given for filing Curative, petition., , The procedure for this has been elaborated, in the Judges Enquiry Act of 1968 which, are as follows:, , •, , If the majority of the judges on the above, bench agree that the matter needs hearing,, then it would be sent to the same bench, (as far as possible) and the court could, impose “exemplary costs” to the, petitioner if his plea lacks merit., , •, , ➤ A removal motion signed by 100, members (in the case of LokSabha), or 50 members (in the case of, RajyaSabha) is to be given to the, Speaker/Chairman., , ➤, , 11. Correct Option: (c), , ➤ If it is admitted, then the Speaker/, , Explanation:, , Chairman is to constitute a threemember committee to investigate the, charges., , Gauhati High Court, •, , The Gauhati High Court has the, jurisdiction for Arunachal Pradesh,, Assam, Mizoram, and Nagaland., , •, , Its principal seat is at Guwahati in, Assam., , •, , The Court has 3 outlying benches at, Kohima, Aizawl, and Itanagar., , ➤ The committee should consist of (a), the chief justice or a judge of the, Supreme Court, (b) a chief justice of, a high court, and (c) a distinguished, jurist., , ➤ If the committee finds the judge, to be guilty of misbehavior or, suffering from an incapacity, the, House can or cannot take up the, consideration of the motion., , 12. Correct Option: (d), Explanation:, , ➤ After the motion is passed by each, , Appointment of judges of the Supreme, Court, •, , The judges of the Supreme Court are, appointed by the President., , •, , The chief justice is appointed by the, President after consultation with such, judges of the Supreme Court and high, courts as s/he deems necessary., , •, , The other judges are appointed by President, after consultation with the collegium., , •, , The president can consult the judged of, the high courts ifdeemed necessary., , •, , In this matter, the President, can, return the name for reconsideration, by the collegium, but in the second, instance, s/he has to to appoint., , •, , The Third Judges Case, 1998 ruled that the, advice tendered by the collegium (plurality, of judges) is binding on the President in the, matters of appointment of the judges of the, Supreme Court., , The Speaker/Chairman may admit, the motion or refuse to admit it., , House of Parliament by a special, majority, an address is presented, to the President for removal of the, judge., , ➤ Finally, the President passes an order, removing the judge., , 14. Correct Option: (b), Explanation:, Fourth Judges Case, •, , The Supreme Court Advocates-onRecord-Association and another Vs., Union of India is also popularly known, as the Fourth judges’ case,, , •, , It is related to the independence of the, judiciary in the appointment of judges., , •, , By this, the Supreme Court declared the, 99th Amendment Act and NJAC Act, 2014, to be “unconstitutional and void”.

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BK IAS ACADEMY PT 2022, , [91], , 15. Correct Option: (a), , Article 323 B dealing with tribunals for, other matters. It was added Constitution, based on the recommendation of, Swaran Singh Committee., , Explanation:, National Court of Appeal, •, , •, , •, , •, , The Supreme Court itself, as early as in 1986,, had recommended the establishment, of an NCA with regional Benches at, Chennai, Mumbai and Kolkata to ease, the burden of the Supreme Court and, avoid hardship to litigants who have to, come all the way to Delhi to fight their, cases., As per Article 130 of the Constitution, the, Supreme Court always sits in Delhi, but, it may sit at the place(s) other than Delhi, also., The 229th report of the Law Commission too,, suggested retaining the New Delhi bench, of the Supreme Court as a Constitutional, court and establishing Cassation Benches of, the Supreme Court at New Delhi, Chennai/, Hyderabad, Kolkata and Mumbai., The, report, viewed, that, no, constitutional amendment is required, since the Article 130 of the Constitution, provides that the Supreme Court can, be located in Delhi or at any other, place as the Chief Justice of India, with the approval of the President, may decide from time to time., , 16. Correct Option: (a), Explanation:, LokAdalat, •, , •, , •, , Every LokAdalat consists of such number, of serving or retired judicial officers, and other persons of the area as may, be specified by the agency organizing such, LokAdalat. Generally, a LokAdalat consists, of a judicial officer as the chairman and a, lawyer and a social worker as members., Every award made by a LokAdalat, shall be final and binding on all parties, to the dispute. No appeal shall lie in any, court against the award of LokAdalat., The LokAdalat has the same powers, as are vested in a civil court under the, CPC(1908)., , •, , It is a quasi-judicial body., , •, , They do not have to follow any uniform, procedure as laid down under the, Civil Procedure Code and the Indian, Evidence Act but they have to follow, the principles of Natural Justice., , 18. Correct Option: (a), Explanation:, Subordinate courts, •, , The appointment, posting andpromotion of, district judges in a state are made by the, governor of the state inconsultation with, the high court., , •, , Appointment of persons (other thandistrict, judges) to the judicial service of a state are, made by the governor ofthe state after, consultation with the State Public, Service Commission and thehigh court., , •, , The subordinate courts are under, administrative control of the High Court, of the State to which the district concerned, belongs. The decisions of District court are, subject to the appellate jurisdiction of the, High court., , 19. Correct Option: (a), Explanation:, Supreme Court, •, , As per the Article 124(1), only Parliament,, by law, has the power to increase the, number of Supreme Court Judges., , •, , Recently, it has been increased to 34, including the CJI., , 20. Correct Option: (b), Explanation:, Supreme Court, •, , A five-member bench led by CJI, RanjanGogoi upheld the judgment of the, Delhi High Court in 2010, that the CJI’s, office was under the ambit of the RTI., , •, , The Court also held that Judicial, independence and Right to privacy has, to be kept in mind while dealing with, transparency., , •, , Although the Constitution does not, explicitly include the right to privacy,, the Supreme Court has found that, the Constitution implicitly grants a, right to privacy against governmental, intrusion., , 17. Correct Option: (b), Explanation:, Tribunals, •, , The 42nd Amendment Act of 1976 added a, new Part XIV-A, entitled as ‘Tribunals’ and, consists of only two Articles—Article 323 A, dealing with administrative tribunals and

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857, , 92 BK IAS PT 2022 POLITY & CONSTITUTION, , 21. Correct option: (d), , 8574308854, 9717108622, , •, , Explanation:, •, , Option (d) is correct: Atal Community, Innovation Centre (ACIC)connects every, Panchayati Raj Institution to help, innovators at grassroots level., , Supplementary Notes:, •, , •, , Atal Community Innovation Centre, (ACIC): This program is launched to foster, community innovation in underserved and, un-served areas of the country., , The significance of innovation can be, understood by the fact that through, innovation India can become a USD 5, trillion economy by 2024-25., , •, , ACIC can serve as the bridge between the, knowledge base existing in communities, and the advanced technical ecosystem, prevalent in the market base, addressing, the needs of society., , •, , Supplementary Notes:, , Anti-Defection provisions under the, Tenth Schedule, Disqualification, •, , It can be connected to every Panchayati, Raj Institutions to help innovators at, grassroots level become part of the policy, framework and leverage their creativity to, translate their products and services into, innovation led commercial utilization for, society., , •, , Atal Tinkering Labs –this programme, promotes creative, innovative mind set, in schools across all districts across the, country., , Statement 2 is incorrect: Voluntarily, giving up the membership is not the same, as resigning from a party. An inference, can also be drawn from the conduct of, the member that he has voluntarily given, up the membership of his party., , If a member of a house belonging to a, political party:, , ➤ Voluntarily gives up the membership, of his political party, or, , ➤ Votes, or does not vote in the, legislature, contrary to the directions, of his political party., , ➤ However, if the member has taken, prior permission, or is condoned by the, party within 15 days from such voting, or abstention, the member shall not, be disqualified., •, , If an independent candidate joins a political, party after the election., , •, , If a nominated member joins a party six, months after he becomes a member of the, legislature., , 23. Correct Option: (b), Explanation:, , •, , Atal Incubators – this programme, promotes entrepreneurship in universities, and industry. This has potential to create, thousands of job creators. Women led, incubators and entrepreneurial startups are, strongly encouraged by the programme., , •, , Statement 1 is incorrect: It is a sixmember committee constituted by the, Central Government. Of these, three, members are from RBI while three, other members are nominated by the, Central Government., , •, , Atal New India Challenges and Atal, Grand Challenges – this programme, promotes technology driven innovations, and product creation for social and, commercial impact. The challenges will be, launched in specific areas and sectors of, national importance - such as Renewable, Energies, Energy Storage, Climate-smart, precision agriculture, Universal drinking, water, Swaach Bharat, Transportation,, Education, Healthcare using Robotic, IOT, technologies, Artificial Intelligence, Blockchain, Augmented and Virtual reality,, Battery Technologies etc., , •, , Statement 3 is incorrect: It is mandate, to decide the key policy interest rate, i.e, Repo Rate, required achieving the inflation, target., , •, , In news: Recently, the Atal Community, Innovation Centre (ACIC) program, was launched by Atal Innovation Mission, (AIM)., , 22. Correct Option: (a), Explanation:, , Supplementary Notes:, Monetary Policy Committee (MPC), •, , The MPC is required to meet at least four, times in a year., , •, , The quorum for the meeting of the MPC is, four members., , •, , Each member of the MPC has one vote,, and in the event of an equality of votes, the, Governor has a second or casting vote., , •, , Repo Rate -It is the interest rate at which, the Reserve Bank provides overnight, liquidity to banks against the collateral of, government and other approved securities, under the liquidity adjustment facility, (LAF).

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BK IAS ACADEMY PT 2022, •, , •, , Reverse Repo Rate - The interest rate at, which the Reserve Bank absorbs liquidity,, on an overnight basis, from banks against, the collateral of eligible government, securities under the LAF., Liquidity Adjustment Facility (LAF), - The LAF consists of overnight as well, as term repo auctions. Progressively,, the Reserve Bank has increased the, proportion of liquidity injected under, fine-tuning variable rate repo auctions of, a range of tenors. The aim of term repo, is to help develop the inter-bank term, money market, which in turn can set, market-based benchmarks for pricing of, loans and deposits, and hence improve, the transmission of monetary policy., The Reserve Bank also conducts variable, interest rate reverse repo auctions, as, necessitated under the market conditions., , [93], deserving cases, the Government could, consider giving an award posthumously., •, , The total number of awards to be given in a, year (excluding posthumous awards and to, NRI/foreigners/OCIs) should not be more, than 120., , •, , The award does not amount to a title and, cannot be used as a suffix or prefix to, the awardees’ name., , •, , All nominations received for Padma Awards, are placed before the Padma Awards, Committee, which is constituted by the, Prime Minister every year., , •, , The Padma, Awards, Committee, is, headed by the Cabinet Secretary and, includes Home Secretary, Secretary to the, President and four to six eminent persons, as members., , •, , The recommendations of the committee are, submitted to the Prime Minister and, the President of India for approval., , 24. Correct Option: (c), Explanation:, Supplementary Notes:, Bharat Ratna Awards, •, , Bharat Ratna is the highest civilian award, of the country., , •, , It is awarded in recognition of exceptional, service/performance of the highest order in, any field of human endeavour., , •, , It is treated on a different footing from, Padma Award., , •, , The recommendations for Bharat Ratna, are made by the Prime Minister to the, President of India, , •, , The number of Bharat Ratna Awards is, restricted to a maximum of three in a, particular year., , •, , It can be given posthumously., , PADMA AWARDS, •, , The Padma Awards are one of the highest, civilian honours of India announced, annually on the eve of Republic Day., , •, , The Awards are given in three categories:, , ➤ Padma Vibhushan - for exceptional, , 25. Correct Option: (d), Explanation:, •, , Supplementary Notes:, •, , Article 370 of the Constitution of India, describes it as a temporary provision, and that it will cease to be operative if, the President issues a public notification, to that effect. However, prior to that, a, recommendation is necessary from the, Constituent Assembly of Jammu and, Kashmir., , •, , As a result of Article 370, Jammu and, Kashmir had its own Constitution, and, all laws passed by Parliament will not be, applicable to the State, unless the State, government gives its concurrence., , •, , The President is empowered to decide, what provisions of the Constitution of, India would be applicable to the State and, what are the exceptions, but with the State, government’s concurrence., , •, , The Constitution (Application to Jammu, and Kashmir) Order, 1954, lists the Articles, and provisions that apply to J&K. Further,, the President also listed a set of exceptions, under Article 35A of the Constitution (this, Article does not figure in the text of the, Constitution of India, but figures only in, the J&K’s Constitution)., , and distinguished service, , ➤ Padma Bhushan – for distinguished, service of higher order, , ➤ Padma Shri – for distinguished, service., , •, , Government servants including thoseworking, with PSUs, except doctors and scientists, are, not eligible for these Awards., , •, , The award is normally not conferred, posthumously. However, in highly, , Option (d) is correct: Article 370 of the, Constitution of India describes it as a, temporary provision and that it will cease to, be operative if the President issues a public, notification to that effect. However, prior to, that, a recommendation is necessary from, the Constituent Assembly of Jammu and, Kashmir.

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857, , 94 BK IAS PT 2022 POLITY & CONSTITUTION, , 8574308854, 9717108622, , TEST, DAY - 10, Time Allowed: 30 mins, , 1., , Maximum Marks: 50, , Which of the following statements is/, are incorrect regarding the office of, Comptroller & Auditor General (CAG), of India?, , 2., , His salary except that of the staff, is charged on the Public Account of, India., , It has more freedom with regard to the, audit of expenditure than the audit of, receipts, stores and stock., , 2., , It cannot conduct the propriety audit., , Select the correct answer using the code, given below:, , 3., , It has no control over the issue of money, from the Consolidated Fund of India., , (a) 1 only, (b) 2 only, (c) Both 1 and 2, (d) Neither 1 nor 2, , (a) 1 only, (b) 2 and 3 only, , 4., , (c) 1 and 3 only, (d) 2 only, , 3., , He is barred from holding any, government office after completion of, his tenure., , 1., , Select the correct answer using the code, given below:, , 2., , 1., , Consider the following statements, regarding the removal procedure of, Comptroller and Auditor, General, of India:, 1., , He can be removed on the grounds of, proved misbehaviour or incapacity., , 2., , He is removed by the President of, India on the basis of resolution passed, with special majority by both Houses of, Parliament., , Which of the following are correct, regarding the duties and functions of, CAG as laid down by the Parliament, and the Constitution of India?, 1. He audits balance sheets and other, subsidiary accounts kept by any, department of central and state, government., 2., , He can audit the accounts of Panchayati, Raj Institutions and Urban Local, Bodies on request of the President or, the Governor., , 3., , He ascertains and certifies the net, proceeds of any tax or duty., , Select the correct answer using the code, given below:, , Which of the above statements is/are, correct?, , (a) 1, 2 and 3 only, , (a) 1 only, , (b) 2 and 3 only, , (b) 2 only, , (c) 1 and 2 only, , (c) Both 1 and 2, (d) Neither 1 nor 2, , (d) None of the above, , Under the Indian Constitutional, Scheme how the independence of, Comptroller and Auditor General, (CAG) is secured?, , 5., , Consider the following statements, regarding Comptroller & Auditor, General (CAG) of India:, 1. President of India prescribes the duties,, exercise and power of CAG.

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BK IAS ACADEMY PT 2022, 2., 3., , CAG maintains the accounts of the, Central Government., Except Contingency Fund of India, CAG, audits and reports on all expenditure, from the accounts including Public, accounts of the Union and of the states., , [95], (c) 2 only, (d) 1, 2 and 3, 8., , Which of the above statements is/are, incorrect?, , Consider the following statements, regarding the features of Cabinet, Committees:, 1., , They are constitutional in nature., , 2., , They can include Cabinet as well as, Non-Cabinet Ministers., , 3., , They not only sort out issues, and formulate proposals for the, consideration of the Cabinet, but also, take decisions., , (a) 1 and 2 only, (b) 2 only, (c) 2 and 3 only, (d) 1, 2 and 3, 6., , Which of the following statements are, correct pertaining to Consultative, Committee?, 1. It provides a forum for informal, discussion between the ministers and, the Members of the Parliament on, policies and programs of the government, and manner of their implementation., 2., , These committees are constituted by, the Ministry of Parliamentary Affairs., , 3., , These committees shall stand dissolved, upon dissolution of every Lok Sabha, and shall be reconstituted upon, constitution of each Lok Sabha., , Select the correct answer using the code, given below:, , Which of the above statements are correct?, (a) 1 and 2 only, (b) 2 and 3 only, (c) 1 and 3 only, (d) 1, 2 and 3, 9., , Consider the following statements, regarding, the, Public, Account, Committee in Indian Parliamentary, System:, 1., , This committee was set up first in 1941, under the provisions of the Government, of India Act of 1935., , 2., , At present, it consists of 22 members., , (a) 1 and 3 only, , Which of the above statements is/are, correct?, , (b) 2 and 3 only, , (a) 1 only, , (c) 1 and 2 only, , (b) 2 only, , (d) 1, 2 and 3, , (c) Both 1 and 2, , 7. Consider the following statements, with regard to the Parliamentary, committees:, 1., , Committee on Public Undertaking, consists of 22 members where the term, of office does not exceed two years., , 2., , Committee on Estimates consists of 30, members where the term of office does, not exceed one year., , 3., , Committee, on, Public, Accounts, comprises of 25 members where the, term of office remains one year., , (d) Neither 1 nor 2, 10. Consider the following statements, regarding the Estimates Committee:, 1., , Estimates, committee, has, representation only from Lok Sabha., , 2., , It examines the budget estimates, before they have been voted by the, Parliament., , Which of the above statements is/are, correct?, (a) 1 only, , Which of the above statements is/are, correct?, , (b) 2 only, , (a) 1 and 3 only, , (c) Both 1 and 2, , (b) 2 and 3 only, , (d) Neither 1 nor 2

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857, , 96 BK IAS PT 2022 POLITY & CONSTITUTION, , 11. Consider the following statements, regarding cabinet committees:, 1. The non-cabinet ministers can also be, a member of Cabinet Committees., 2., , All the Cabinet committees are headed, by the Prime Minister., , 8574308854, 9717108622, , 3., , Ethics Committee, , 4., , Rules Committee, , 5., , General Purpose Committee, , Select the correct answer using the codes, given below:, (a) 1 and 3 only, , Which of the above statements is/are, correct?, , (b) 2, 4 and 5 only, , (a) 1 only, , (c) 1, 4 and 5 only, , (b) 2 only, , (d) 2 and 3 only, , (c) Both 1 and 2, (d) Neither 1 nor 2, 12. Consider the following statements, regarding cabinet committees:, 1. Currently, there are eight Cabinet, Committees., , 15. Which of the committees is are, joint committee of both Houses of, Parliament?, 1., , Estimates Committee, , 2., , Public Accounts Committee, , 3., , Committee on Public Undertakings, Departmentally, Committees, , 2., , Only two members are in the Cabinet, Committee on Appointment., , 4., , 3., , Cabinet Committee on Security is also, called as the ‘Super Cabinet’., , Select the correctoption using the codes, given below:, (b) 2 and 3 only, , (a) 1 only, , (c) 2, 3, and 4 only, , (b) 1 and 2 only, , (d) 3, and 4, , (d) 1, 2, and 3, 13. Which of the following statement(s) is/, are correct about the Public Accounts, Committee?, 1. It has representation from both the, Houses of the Parliament., 2., 3., , Its chairman is always selected from, the ruling party., It consists of at least 30 members., , Select the correct answer using the code, given below:, (a) 1 only, (b) 2 only, (c) 1 and 3 only, (d) 2 and 3 only, 14. Which of the following Parliamentary, committees are chaired by the, Speaker?, 1. Public Accounts Committee, 2., , Business Advisory Committee, , Standing, , (a) 1 and 4 only, , Which of the above statements is/are, correct?, , (c) 3 only, , Related, , 16. Committee on Members of Parliament, Local Area Development Scheme, (MPLADS) is a, (a) Financial Committee, (b) Ad-hoc committee, (c) Standing Committee on, (d) None of the above, 17. Which of the following statements, is/are correct with regard to the, Committee on Public Undertakings?, 1. The members are elected every, year from both the houses of the, parliament., 2., , The chairman of this Committee can, be only from Lok Sabha., , Select the correct answer using the code, given below:, (a) 1 only, (b) 2 only, (c) Both 1 and 2, (d) Neither 1 nor 2

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BK IAS ACADEMY PT 2022, 18. Consider the following statements, regarding the Estimates Committee:, 1. Estimates, committee, has, representation only from Lok Sabha., 2., , It examines the budget estimates, before they have been voted by the, Parliament., , Which of the above statements is/are, correct?, (a) 1 only, (b) 2 only, (c) Both 1 and 2, (d) Neither 1 nor 2, 19. Consider the following statements, regarding, the, Parliamentary, Committees:, 1. Standing Committees supervise the, work of various departments, their, budget, expenditure and bills that, come up in the house relating to the, department., 2. Joint, Parliamentary, Committees, (JPCs) can be set up for the purpose of, investigating financial irregularities., 3., , Members of JPCs are selected from, both the houses of the Parliament., , Which of the above statements are correct?, (a) 1 and 2 only, (b) 2 and 3 only, , [97], (b) 2 and 3 only, (c) 1 and 2 only, (d) 1, 2 and 3, 21. The project titled “Zero Pendency, Courts” has been launched by, (a) Supreme Court of India, (b) Delhi High Court, (c) Ministry of Law and Justice, (d) Law Commission of India, 22. Which of the following statements, is, incorrect, regarding, the, ‘HoneyMission?, (a) It is to fulfill the dream of ‘Sweet, Revolution’, (b) Ministry of Agriculture is implementing, agency., (c) It was launched in August 2017., (d) None of the above, 23. ‘Tree Ambulance’ program has been, launched in, (a) Maharashtra, (b) Karnataka, (c) Tamil Nadu, (d) Uttar Pradesh, 24. Consider the following statements:, 1., , Nabventures, is, partnership venture., , 2., , Its objective is to provide funds for, investments in agriculture and ruralfocused startups., , (c) 1 and 3 only, (d) 1, 2 and 3, 20. Which of the following statements, are correct regarding Consultative, Committee?, 1., , 2., 3., , It provides a forum for informal, discussion between the ministers and, the members of the parliament on, policies and programs of the government, and manner of their implementation., These committees are constituted by, the Ministry of Parliamentary Affairs., These committees shall stand dissolved, upon dissolution of every Lok Sabha, and shall be reconstituted upon, constitution of each Lok Sabha., , Select the correct answer using the code, given below:, (a) 1 and 3 only, , public-private, , Which of the above statements is/are, correct?, (a) 1 only, (b) 2 only, (c) Both 1 and 2, (d) Neither 1 nor 2, 25. Pinaki Chandra Ghose, the first Lokpal,, has been appointed by, (a) Cabinet Committee on Appointment, (b) Lokpal Selection Committee, headed, by Prime Minister, (c) President, (d) Chief Justice of India

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857, , 98 BK IAS PT 2022 POLITY & CONSTITUTION, , 8574308854, 9717108622, , ANSWER HINTS, DAY - 10, , 1., , Correct Option: (d), , •, , The Constitution of India visualizes the, CAG to be Comptroller as well as Auditor, General. However, in practice, the CAG, is fulfilling the role of an Auditor-General, only., , •, , In other words, the CAG has no control over, the issue of money from the Consolidated, Fund and many departments are authorized, to draw money by issuing cheques without, specific authority from the CAG., , Explanation:, •, , Statement 2 is incorrect: In addition to, the legal and regulatory audit, the CAG, can also conduct the propriety audit., , Supplementary Notes:, Comptroller & Auditor General (CAG) of, India, •, , •, , •, , •, , •, , The CAG is an agent of the Parliament and, conducts audit of expenditure on behalf of, the Parliament. Therefore, he is responsible, only to the Parliament., , 2., , Explanation:, •, , The role of CAG is to uphold the Constitution, of India and the laws of Parliament in, the field of financial administration., The accountability of the Executive (i.e.,, Council of Ministers) to the Parliament in, the sphere of financial administration is, secured through audit reports of the CAG., , The CAG has to ascertain whether money, shown in the accounts as having been, disbursed was legally available for and, applicable to the service or the purpose to, which they have been applied or charged, and whether the expenditure conforms to, the authority that governs it., , Statement 2 is incorrect:The CAG can, be removed by the President on the basis, of a resolution passed to that effect by the, both Houses of the Parliament by special, majority., , Supplementary Notes:, Removal of Comptroller, General (CAG), , The CAG has more freedom with regard, to audit of expenditure than with regard, to audit of receipts, stores and stock. In, relation to expenditure, he decides the, scope of audit and frames his own audit, codes and manuals whereas he has to, proceed with the approval of the Executive, government in relation to rules for the, conduct of the other audits., In addition to the legal and regulatory, audit, the CAG can also conduct the, propriety audit, that is, he can look into, the ‘wisdom, faithfulness and economy’ of, government expenditure and comment on, the wastefulness and extravagance of such, expenditure., , Correct Option: (c), , 3., , and, , Auditor, , •, , Comptroller and Auditor General of India, can be removed from office in like manner, and on the like grounds as a Judge of the, Supreme Court., , •, , In others words, he can be removed by, the President on the basis of a resolution, passed to that effect by both the Houses of, the Parliament with special majority, either, on the ground of proved misbehaviour or, incapacity., , Correct Option: (a), Explanation:, •, , Statement, 2, is, incorrect:, The, administrative expenses of the office of the, CAG, including all salaries, allowances and, pensions of persons serving in that office, are charged upon the Consolidated Fund, of India.

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BK IAS ACADEMY PT 2022, Supplementary Notes:, , [99], •, , He audits all trading, manufacturing,, profit and loss accounts, balance, sheets and other subsidiary accounts, kept by any department of the Central, Government and state governments., , •, , He audits the receipts and expenditure of, the Centre and each state to satisfy himself, that the rules and procedures in that behalf, are designed to secure an effective check, on the assessment, collection and proper, allocation of revenue., , •, , He audits the receipts and expenditure, of the following:, , Comptroller and Auditor General of India, (CAG), •, , •, , He is not eligible for further office,, either under the Government of India or of, any state, after he ceases to hold his office., , •, , His salary and other service conditions are, determined by the Parliament. His salary, is equal to that of a judge of the Supreme, Court., , •, , 4., , The Constitution has made the following, provisions to safeguard and ensure the, independence of CAG:, , The administrative expenses of the, office of the CAG, including all salaries,, allowances and pensions of persons, serving in that office are charged upon, the Consolidated Fund of India., , ➤ All bodies and authorities substantially, financed from the Central or state, revenues., , ➤, , Government companies., , ➤ Other corporations and bodies, when, , •, , Other Provisions:, , •, , He is provided with the security of tenure., He can be removed by the President only in, accordance with the procedure mentioned, in the Constitution. Thus, he does not hold, his office till the pleasure of the President,, though he is appointed by him., , ➤ He audits all transactions, , •, , Neither his salary nor his rights in, respect of leave of absence, pension or, age of retirement can be altered to his, disadvantage after his appointment., , ➤ He also audits receipts, stock accounts, , •, , The conditions of service of persons, serving in the Indian Audit and Accounts, Department and the administrative powers, of the CAG are prescribed by the President, after consultation with the CAG., , ➤ He audits the accounts, , •, , No minister can represent the CAG in, Parliament (both Houses) and no minister, can be called upon to take any responsibility, for any actions done by him., , ➤ He advises the President with regard, , Correct Option: (a), Explanation:, All statements are correct, Supplementary notes:, The duties and functions of the CAG, •, , •, , so required by related laws., of the, Central and state governments related, to debt, sinking funds, deposits,, advances, suspense accounts and, remittance business., and others, with approval of the, President, or when required by the, President., of any, other authority when requested, by the President or Governor., For example, the audit of local, bodies., to prescription of the form in which, the accounts of the Centre and the, states shall be kept (Article 150)., , ➤ He submits his audit reports relating, to the accounts of the Centre to, President, who shall, in turn, place, them before both the Houses of, Parliament (Article 151)., , ➤ He submits his audit reports relating, to the accounts of a state to governor,, who shall, in turn, place them before, the state legislature (Article 151)., , He audits the accounts related to all, expenditure from the Consolidated Fund of, India, consolidated fund of each state and, consolidated fund of each union territory, having a Legislative Assembly., , ➤ He ascertains and certifies the net, , He audits all expenditure from the, Contingency Fund of India and the Public, Account of India as well as the contingency, fund of each state and the public account of, each state., , ➤ He acts as a guide, friend and, , proceeds of any tax or duty (Article, 279). His certificate is final. The ‘net, proceeds’ means the proceeds of a tax, or a duty minus the cost of collection., philosopher of the Public Accounts, Committee of the Parliament.

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857, , 100 BK IAS PT 2022 POLITY & CONSTITUTION, , 8574308854, 9717108622, , Public Account of India as well as the, contingency fund of each state and the, public account of each state., , ➤ He compiles and maintains the, accounts of state governments., In 1976, he was relieved of his, responsibilities with regard to the, compilation and maintenance of, accounts of the Central Government, due to the separation of accounts from, audit, that is, departmentalization of, accounts., , 5., , 6., , Correct Option: (d), Explanation:, All statements are correct, , Correct Option: (d), , Supplementary notes:, , Explanation:, , Consultative Committees, , •, , Statement, 1, is, incorrect:, The, Constitution (Article 149) authorises the, Parliament to prescribe the duties and, powers of the CAG., , •, , Statement 2 is incorrect: He compiles, and maintains the accounts of state, governments., , •, , Statement 3 is incorrect: He audits all, expenditure from the Contingency Fund, of India and the Public Account of, India as well as the contingency fund of, each state and the public account of each, state., , •, , These committees are attached to various, ministries/departments of the Central, Government., , •, , They consist of members of both the Houses, of Parliament. The Minister/ Minister of, State in charge of the Ministry concerned, acts as the chairman of the consultative, committee of that ministry., , •, , These committees provide a forum, for informal discussions, between, the ministers and the members of, Parliament on policies and programmes, of the government and the manner of their, implementation., , Supplementary Notes:, •, , Comptroller and Auditor General of, India (CAG), , •, , These committees are constituted by, theMinistry of Parliamentary Affairs., , •, , The Constitution of India (Article 148), provides for an independent office of the, Comptroller and Auditor General of India, (CAG)., , •, , The guidelines regarding the composition,, functions and procedures of these, committees are formulated, by, this, Ministry., , •, , He is the head of the Indian Audit and, Accounts Department. He is the guardian, of the public purse and controls the, entire financial system of the country, at both the level of the Centre and the, state., , •, , The Ministry also makes arrangements, for holding their meetings both during, the session and the inter-session period of, Parliament., , •, , The membership of these committees is, voluntary and is left to the choice of the, members and the leaders of their parties., The maximum membership of a committee, is 30 and the minimum is 10., , •, , These committees are normally, constituted after the new Lok Sabha, is constituted, i.e. after General, Elections for the Lok Sabha. In other, words, these committees shallstand, dissolved upon dissolution of every, Lok Sabha and shall be reconstituted, upon constitution of each Lok Sabha., , •, , •, , •, , The, Constitution, (Article, 149), authorises the Parliament to prescribe, the duties and powers of the CAG in, relation to the accounts of the Union and, of the states and of any other authority or, body. Accordingly, the Parliament enacted, the CAG’s (Duties, Powers and Conditions, of Service) act, 1971. This Act was amended, in 1976 to separate accounts from audit in, the Central government., He compiles and maintains the, accounts of state governments. In 1976,, he was relieved of his responsibilities, with regard to the compilation and, maintenance of accounts of the Central, Government due to the separation, of accounts from audit, that is,, departmentalisation of accounts., He audits all expenditure from the, Contingency Fund of India and the, , 7., , Correct Option: (c), •, , Statement 1 is incorrect: The term of, committee on Public Undertaking does not, exceed one year., , •, , Statement 3 is incorrect: Committee on, Public Account comprises of 22 members.

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BK IAS ACADEMY PT 2022, , [101], 8., , Supplementary notes:, , Explanation:, , Parliamentary committees, •, , Committee on Public undertaking, consists of total number of 22 members, where the term of office does not to exceed, one year., , •, , Features of Cabinet Committees, , •, , To examines the reports and accounts of, the Public Undertakings and Reports of, CAG of India., , •, , To examines whether the affairs of Public, Undertakings are being managed in, accordance with sound business principles, and prudent commercial practices., , •, , To exercise such other functions wasted, in the public accounts committee and the, estimate committee in relation to public, undertakings which are allotted to it by, the Speaker., Committee on Estimates consists of, total number of 30 members and term, of office not to exceed one year., , •, , They, are, extra-constitutional in, emergence. In other words, they are not, mentioned in the Constitution. However,, the Rules of Business provide for their, establishment., , •, , They are of two types:, , •, , Standing: permanent in nature, , •, , Ad hoc: temporary in nature, , •, , They are set up by the Prime Minister, according to the exigencies of the time and, requirements of the situation. Hence, their, number, nomenclature, and composition, varies from time to time., , •, , Their membership varies from three, to eight. They usually include only, Cabinet Ministers. However, the noncabinet Ministers are not debarred, from their membership., , •, , They not only include the Ministers in, charge of subjects covered by them but also, include other senior Ministers., , •, , They are mostly headed by the Prime, Minister. Sometimes other Cabinet, Ministers, particularly the Home Minister, or the Finance Minister, also acts as their, Chairman. But, in case the Prime Minister, is a member of a committee, he invariably, presides over it., , •, , They not only sort out issues, and formulate proposals for the, consideration of the Cabinet, but also, take decisions. However, the Cabinet can, review their decisions., , •, , They are an organizational device to reduce, the enormous workload of the Cabinet., They also facilitate in-depth examination, of policy issues and effective coordination., They are based on the principles of division, of labour and effective delegation., , Functions:, •, , •, , Statement 1 is incorrect: Cabinet, Committees are extra-constitutional in, nature., , Supplementary Notes:, , Functions:, , •, , Correct Option: (b), , To report on what economics, improvements, in organisation, efficiency or administrative, reforms, consistent with the policy, underlying the estimates, may be effected., To suggest alternative policies in order, to bring about efficiency and economy in, administration., , •, , To examine whether the money is well laid, out within the limits of policy implied in, the estimates., , •, , To suggest the form in which estimates, shall be presented to Parliament, , •, , Committee, on, Public, Accounts, comprises of 22 members and term of, office remains one year., , Functions:, •, , To examine the Appropriation Accounts, and Annual Finance Accounts of Union, Government., , •, , To examine the Report of CAG of India on, these accounts and other matters., , •, , To examine the expenditure by various, departments and accounts of autonomous, bodies., , •, , To examine various, administration., , aspects, , of, , tax, , •, , To ascertain that Government spent money, within the scope of the demand., , 9., , Correct Option: (b), Explanation:, •, , Statement 1 is incorrect:This committee, was set up first in 1921 under the, provisions of the Government of India, Act of 1919 and has since been in, existence.

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857, , 102 BK IAS PT 2022 POLITY & CONSTITUTION, , 8574308854, 9717108622, , Supplementary Notes:, , Supplementary Notes:, , Public Accounts committee, , Estimates Committee, , •, , At present, it consists of 22 members, (15 from the Lok Sabha and 7 from the, Rajya Sabha)., , •, , The members are elected by the Parliament, every year from amongst its members, according to the principle of proportional, representation by means of the single, transferable vote. Thus, all parties get due, representation in it., , •, , The term of office of the members is one, year. A minister cannot be elected as a, member of the committee., , •, , The chairman of the committee, is, appointed from amongst its members by, the Speaker., , •, , Since 1967 a convention has developed, whereby the chairman of the committee is, selected invariably from the Opposition., , •, , Estimates Committee is a Parliamentary, Committee in India consisting of 30 Lok, Sabha members, to examine the budget, estimates of the Union Government., , •, , All the thirty members are from Lok, Sabha only. The Rajya Sabha has no, representation in this committee., , •, , These members are elected by the Lok, Sabha every year from amongst its own, members, according to the principles of, proportional representation by means, of a single transferable vote. Thus, all, parties get due representation in it., , •, , The term of office is one year., , •, , A minister cannot be elected as a, member of the committee., , •, , The chairman of the committee is appointed, by the Speaker from amongst its members, and he is invariably from the ruling party., , •, , Functions, Committee:, , •, , To report what economies, improvements in, organisation, efficiency and administrative, reform consistent with the policy underlying, the estimates, can be affected., , •, , To suggest alternative policies in order, to bring about efficiency and economy in, administration., , •, , To examine whether the money is well laid, out within the limits of the policy implied, in the estimates., , •, , To suggest the form in which the estimates, are to be presented to Parliament., , •, , Role of estimate committee:, , •, , The effectiveness of the role of the, committee is limited by the following:, , •, , It examines the budget estimates only, after they have been voted by the, Parliament, and not before that., , •, , It cannot question the policies laid down by, the Parliament., Its recommendations are advisory and, , Role of the committee:, •, , •, , •, , The function of the committee is to examine, the annual audit reports of the Comptroller, and Auditor General of India (CAG), which, are laid before the Parliament by the, President., The committee examines public expenditure, not only from legal and formal point of, view to discover technical irregularities, but also from the point of view of economy,, prudence, wisdom and propriety to bring, out the cases of waste, loss, corruption,, extravagance, inefficiency and nugatory, expenses., It examine the accounts of autonomous, and semi-autonomous bodies, the audit of, which is conducted by the CAG., , •, , It consider the report of the CAG relating, to the audit of any receipt or to examine, the accounts of stores and stocks., , •, , It examine the money spent on any service, during a financial year in excess of the, amount granted by the Lok Sabha for that, purpose., , •, , In the fulfilment of the above functions,, the committee is assisted by the CAG. In, fact, the CAG acts as a guide, friend and, philosopher of the committee., , •, , Estimates, , •, , It examines every year only certain, selected ministries and departments., Thus, by rotation, it would cover all of them, over a number of years., , •, , It lacks the expert assistance of the CAG, which is available to the Public Accounts, Committee., , •, , Its work is in the nature of a post-mortem., , Explanation:, Statement 2 is incorrect: It examines, the budget estimates only after they, have been voted by the Parliament,, and not before that., , the, , not binding on the ministries., , 10. Correct Option: (a), •, , of

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BK IAS ACADEMY PT 2022, , [103], , 11. Correct Option: (a), , resignation from RajyaSabha on 05 August, 2019., , Explanation:, Cabinet committees, •, , They are extra-constitutional, powerful,, decision-making body, constituted by the, Prime Minister as standing (permanent)or, ad hoc (temporary) from time to time., , •, , They are an organizational device to reduce, the enormous workload of theCabinet., , •, , Generally, they include onlyCabinet, Ministers., But,, the, non-cabinet, Ministers are not debarredfrom their, membership., , •, , They are generally headed by the Prime, Minister but other CabinetMinisters,, particularly the Home Minister or the, Finance Minister, alsoacts as their, Chairman. But, in case the Prime, Minister is a member of acommittee,, he invariably presides over it., , 12. Correct Option: (b), Explanation:, •, , Under the Transaction of Business Rules,, the Government has reconstituted Cabinet, Committees in June 2019., , •, , Currently (as on 12.11.2019), the total, number of the Cabinet Committees is, eight., , •, , These are (i) Appointments Committee of, the Cabinet, (ii) Cabinet Committee on, Accommodation, (iii) Cabinet Committee, on Economic Affairs, (iv), Cabinet, Committee on Parliamentary Affairs, (v), Cabinet Committee on Political Affairs,, (vi) Cabinet Committee on Security, (vii), Cabinet Committee on Investment and, Growth, and (viii) Cabinet Committee on, Employment & Skill Development., , •, , In the Appointments Committee of the, Cabinet, only the Prime Minister and, the Minister of Home Affairs are the, members., , •, , Cabinet Committee on Political, Affairs, headed by the Prime Minister,, is also called the ‘Super Cabinet’., , •, , This committee was set up first in 1921, under the provisions of the Government, of India Act of 1919 and has since been in, existence. Since 1967 a convention has, developed whereby the chairman of, the committee is selected invariably, from the Opposition. Presently,, AdhirRanjanChowdhury, is, the, chairman of the Committee., , •, , The members are elected by the, Parliament (both House) every year, from amongst its members according, to the principle of proportional, representation by means of the single, transferable vote. The term of office, of the members is one year. A minister, cannot be elected as a member of the, committee. The chairman of the committee, is appointed from amongst its members by, the Speaker., , 14. Correct Option: (b), Explanation:, Committees chaired by Speaker, •, , The Speaker appoints the chairman, of all the parliamentary committees, of the LokSabha and supervises their, functioning. He himself is the chairman, of the Business Advisory Committee,, the Rules Committee and the General, Purpose Committee., , •, , Business Advisory Committee: It regulates, the program and time table of the House., It allocates time for the transaction of, legislative and other business brought, before the House by the government., The LokSabha committee consists of 15, members including the Speaker as its, chairman. In the RajyaSabha, it has 11, members including the Chairman as its exofficio chairman., , •, , Rules Committee: It considers the matters, of procedure and conduct of business in, the House and recommends necessary, amendments or additions to the Rules of the, House. The LokSabha committee consists, of 15 members including the Speaker as, its ex-officio chairman. In RajyaSabha,, it consists of 16 members including the, Chairman as its ex-officio chairman., , •, , General Purposes Committee: It considers, and advises on matters concerning affairs, of the House, which do not fall within the, jurisdiction of any other parliamentary, committee., , 13. Correct Option: (a), Explanation, Public Accounts Committee, •, , At present, the Public Accounts Committee, consists of 21 members (15 from the, LokSabha and 6 from the RajyaSabha)., Shri Bhubaneswar Kalita ceased to be a, Member of Committee consequent upon his

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857, , 104 BK IAS PT 2022 POLITY & CONSTITUTION, , 8574308854, 9717108622, , 15. Correct Option: (c), , •, , The Committee on MPLADS consists of 10, members and is headed by Hon’ble Deputy, Chairman, RajyaSabha. The Committee, was first constituted on 5th September, 1998 to look into various aspects of the, MPLAD schemes., , •, , The Committee performs its functions in, close coordination with the Ministry of, Statistics &Programme Implementation, and helps the individual M.P. relating to, the problems being faced by him in his, constituency/state in the implementation, of the MPLAD Schemes., , Explanation:, Joint Committees of both Houses, •, , Presently, there are 14 joint committees of, Parliament viz., , ➤, , Committee, Women, , on, , Empowerment, , of, , ➤ Committee on Food Management in, Parliament House Complex, , ➤, , ➤, ➤, , Committee on Installation of, Portraits/Statues of National Leaders, and Parliamentarians in Parliament, House Complex, Joint parliamentary committee, Joint Parliamentary Committee on, Maintenance of Heritage Character, and Development of Parliament House, Complex, , ➤ Library Committee, , 17. Correct Option: (c), Explanation:, Committee on Public Undertakings, •, , As the members are elected every year for, a term of 1 year., , •, , Originally, it had 15 members (10 from the, Lok Sabha and 5 from the Rajya Sabha)., However, in 1974, its membership was, raised to 22 (15 from the Lok Sabha and, 7 from the Rajya Sabha). The elections are, done through proportional representation, using a single transferable vote., , •, , The chairman of the committee is appointed, by the Speaker from amongst its members, who are drawn from the Lok Sabha only. A, minister cannot be elected as a member of, the committee., , ➤ Committee on Members Salary and, Allowances, , ➤ Committee on Offices of Profit, ➤, , Committee on Public Accounts, , ➤ Committee, , Undertakings, , on, , Public, , ➤ Committee on Railway Convention, Committee, , ➤ Committee on Security in Parliament, House Complex, , ➤ Committee on Welfare, Backward Classes, , of, , Other, , ➤ Committee on Welfare of Scheduled, Castes and Scheduled Tribes, , •, , Additionally, Departmentally Related, Standing Committees (DRSCs) are the, joint committee of both the Houses., , •, , Estimates Committee is the exclusive, financial committee of the LokSabha., , 16. Correct Option: (), , 18. Correct Option: (a), Explanation:, Estimates Committee, •, , Estimates Committee is a Parliamentary, Committee in India consisting of 30 Lok, Sabha members, to examine the budget, estimates of the Union Government., , •, , All the thirty members are from Lok, Sabha only. The Rajya Sabha has no, representation in this committee., , •, , These members are elected by the Lok, Sabha every year from amongst its own, members, according to the principles of, proportional representation by means, of a single transferable vote. Thus, all, parties get due representation in it., , •, , The term of office is one year., , •, , A minister cannot be elected as a, member of the committee., , •, , The chairman of the committee is appointed, by the Speaker from amongst its members, and he is invariably from the ruling party., , Explanation:, •, , Both the Houses have separate, Committee on Members of Parliament, Local Area Development Scheme as, the ad-hoc committee., , •, , The Committee on MPLADS (LokSabha),, an ad hoc Committee was constituted for, the first time on 22 February1999 by the, Speaker as per provisions of Rule 254(1), of the Rules of Procedureand Conduct, of Business in LokSabha. Initially the, Committee consisted of, 20Members., Later, the membership was raised to, 24. The Chairperson is appointedby the, Speaker from amongst the Members of the, Committee., , Functions of the Estimates Committee:, •, , To report what economies, improvements in, organisation, efficiency and administrative

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BK IAS ACADEMY PT 2022, , [105], , reform consistent with the policy underlying, the estimates, can be affected., •, , To suggest alternative policies in order, to bring about efficiency and economy in, administration., , •, , To examine whether the money is well laid, out within the limits of the policy implied, in the estimates., , •, , To suggest the form in which the estimates, are to be presented to Parliament., , cease to exist on completion of the task, assigned to them., Standing Committees, •, , Standing Committees supervise the work, of various departments, their budget, their, expenditure and bills that come up in the, house relating to the department., , •, , On the basis of the nature of functions, performed by them, standing committees, can be classified into the following six, categories:, , •, , Financial Committees, , Role of estimate committee, •, , The effectiveness of the role of the, committee is limited by the following:, , ➤ It examines the budget estimates, , Public Accounts Committee, , ➤, , Estimates Committee, , ➤, , Committee on Public Undertakings, , only after they have been voted, by the Parliament, and not before, that., , •, , Departmental Standing Committees (24), , ➤ It cannot question the policies laid, , •, , Committees to Inquire, , ➤, , •, •, , Committees to Scrutinise and Control, Committees Relating to the Day-to-Day, , •, , Business of the House, House-Keeping Committees, , down by the Parliament., , Its recommendations are advisory, and not binding on the ministries., , ➤ It examines, , every year only, certain selected ministries and, departments. Thus, by rotation, it, would cover all of them over a number, of years., , ➤ It lacks the expert assistance of the, CAG which is available to the Public, Accounts Committee., , ➤ Its work is in the nature of a post-, , •, , Ad hoc committees can be divided into two, categories, that is, Inquiry Committees, and Advisory Committees., , •, , Inquiry Committees are constituted from, time to time, either by the two Houses on, a motion adopted in that behalf, or by the, Speaker / Chairman, to inquire into and, report on specific subjects. For example:, , Explanation:, , ➤ Committee on the Conduct of Certain, Members during President’Address, , Parliament, The Parliament is the legislative organ of, the Union government., , •, , Articles 79 to 122 in Part V of the, Constitution deal with the organisation,, composition, duration, officers, procedures,, privileges, and powers of the Parliament., , Parliamentary committees, •, , A significant feature of the legislative, process is the appointment of committees, for various legislative purposes., , •, , These committees play a vital role not, merely in law making, but also in the dayto-day business of the House., Broadly, parliamentary committees are, of two kinds—Standing Committees, and Ad Hoc Committees. The former, are permanent (constituted every year or, periodically) and work on a continuous, basis, while the latter are temporary and, , Service, , Ad Hoc Committees, , 19. Correct Option: (d), , •, , or, , Committees, , mortem., , •, , ➤, , ➤, , Committee on Draft Five-Year Plan, , ➤, , Railway Convention Committee etc, , Advisory Committees, •, , It includes select or joint committees on, bills, which are appointed to consider and, report on particular bills., , •, , These committees are distinguishable from, the other ad hoc committees in as much, as they are concerned with bills and the, procedure to be followed by them is laid, down in the Rules of Procedure and the, Directions by the Speaker / Chairman., , Joint Parliamentary Committees, •, , Joint Parliamentary Committees (JPCs), can be set up for the purpose of, discussing a particular bill, like the, joint committee to discuss bill, or for, the purpose of investigating financial, irregularities.

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857, , 106 BK IAS PT 2022 POLITY & CONSTITUTION, , •, , 8574308854, 9717108622, , Systems Committee in January 2017, in, collaboration with DAKSH., , Members of the committee are selected, from both Houses., , 20. Correct option: (d), , •, , Explanation:, Consultative Committees, • Consultative committees are attached, to various ministries / departments of, the Central Government. They consist of, members of both the Houses of Parliament., The Minister / Minister of State in charge of, the Ministry concerned acts as the chairman of, the consultative committee of that ministry., •, , These committees provide a forum, for informal discussions between, the ministers and the members of, Parliament on policies and programmes, of the government and the manner of their, implementation., , •, , These committees are constituted by the, Ministry of Parliamentary Affairs., , •, , The guidelines regarding the composition,, functions and procedures of these, committees are formulated by this Ministry., The Ministry also makes arrangements for, holding their meetings both during the, session and the inter- session period of, Parliament., , • The membership of these committees is, voluntary and is left to the choice of the, members and the leaders of their parties., The maximum membership of a committee, is 30 and the minimum is 10., • These committees are normally constituted, after the new Lok Sabha is constituted, after, General Elections for the Lok Sabha. In, other words, these committees shall stand, dissolved upon dissolution of every, Lok Sabhaand shall be reconstituted, upon constitution of each Lok Sabha., • Separate Informal Consultative Committees, of the members of Parliament are also, constituted for all the Railway Zones., Members of Parliament belonging to the, area falling under a particular Railway Zone, are nominated on the Informal Consultative, Committee of that Railway Zone., •, , Unlike the Consultative Committees, attached to various ministries / departments,, the meetings of the Informal Consultative, Committees are to be arranged during the, session periods only., , • Its report was published in May 2019., , 22. Correct Option: (b), Explanation:, •, , The mission was launched in 2017 to fulfill, the vision of Sweet Revolution., , •, , Khadi& Village Industries Commission, (KVIC) is the implementing agency which, is under the Ministry of Micro, Small and, Medium Enterprises., , •, , The KVIC for this distributes bee-boxes, among farmers and unemployed youths, across India., , 23. Correct Option: (c), Explanation:, •, , It is a reforestation program launched in, Chennai., , •, , an attempt to revive trees after lakhs of, trees in Tamil Nadu were uprooted by, cyclones like Vardah (2016) and Gaja, (2018)., , •, , It has been launched in Delhi already, in 2010., , 24. Correct Option: (b), Explanation:, •, , It is a 100% subsidiary of NABARD i.e. a, government agency., , •, , Recently, it has announced aRs 700-crore, venture capital fund for equity investments, in agriculture and rural-focused startups., , •, , The fund is registered with SEBI as a, Category II Alternative Investment Fund., , 25. Correct Option: (c), Explanation:, •, , The Lokpal is appointed by the President, on the recommendation of the Lokpal, Selection Committee., , •, , The Committee includes Prime Minister,, Chief Justice of India or any Supreme Court, Judge as nominated by the Chief Justice,, LokSabha Speaker, Leader of Opposition, (or, the Largest opposition party) in, LokSabha, and an eminent jurist., , •, , The President appointed Pinaki Chandra, Ghose, former Supreme Court judge as the, first Lokpal., , 21. Correct Option: (b), Explanation:, •, , The project was kickstarted by the Delhi, High Court’s State Court Management, , It was started to study the pending cases, as well as the requirement of the number, of judges in lower courts.

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BK IAS ACADEMY PT 2022, , [107], , TEST, DAY - 11, Time Allowed: 30 mins, , 1., , ‘Suspension of Fundamental Rights, during, emergencies’, has, been, borrowed from which of the following, sources?, , Maximum Marks: 50, , (d) 1, 2, and 3, 4., , (c) Government of India Act 1935, , Which of the following statements, regarding the State emergency is/are, correct?, 1. The, President, can, make, the, proclamation of State Emergency only, on the report of the Governor., , (d) Government of India Act 1919, , 2., , It must be approved by the Parliament, within 2 months., , With reference to the President’s rule, consider the following statements:, 1. It must have been supported by the, Parliament using a special majority., 2. During its operation, both the state, executive state, legislature, are, dismissed., , 3., , It can last for a maximum of 3 years, after once the Parliament approves the, proclamation., , (a) Constitution of the Fifth Republic, (b) Weimar Republic’s Constitution, , 2., , Select the correct option using the codes, given below:, (a) 2 only, (b) 3 only, , Which of the above statements is/are, correct?, , (c) 1 and 2 only, (d) 1, 2, and 3, , (a) 1 only, (b) 2 only, (c) Both 1 and 2, (d) Neither 1 nor 2, 3., , Consider the following statements, regarding the National emergency:, 1. It can be extended for up to an indefinite, period using subsequent proclamation., 2., , It needs to be approved by both the, Houses of Parliament within 14 days, by special majority., , 3., , It has been proclaimed only once in, India., , 5., , Consider the following statements:, 1. The Constitution has imposed the, duty on the Centre to ensure that the, government of every state is carried on, in accordance with the provisions of, the Constitution., 2., , The President’s Rule can be proclaimed, for the violation of Article 365., , 3., , A law made by the Parliament or, President or any other specified, authority ceases to be operative after, the President’s Rule., , Which of the above statements is/are, correct?, , Which of the above statements is/are, incorrect?, , (a) 1 only, , (a) 1 only, , (b) 2 and 3 only, , (b) 2 and 3 only, , (c) 1 and 2 only, , (c) 1 and 3 only, , (d) 1, 2, and 3

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857, , 108 BK IAS PT 2022 POLITY & CONSTITUTION, , 6., , Which of the following Supreme Court, cases held that the proclamation of, emergency issued by the President, under Article 352(1) is not immune to, the judicial review?, (a) Minerva Mills vs Union of India, (b) I.R. Coelho v. State of Tamil Nadu, (c) Waman Rao Vs Union of India, (d) S. R. Bommai v. Union of India, , 7., , Which of the following statements is/, are correct?, 1. During a national emergency, the, legislative power of a state legislature is, not suspended, but the Parliament can, make laws on any subject mentioned in, the State List., 2., , Centre becomes entitled to give, executive directions to a state on any, matter., , 3., , The constitutional distribution of, revenues between the center and the, states cannot be violated during the, National emergency., , Select the correct option using the codes, given below:, (a) 1 and 2 only, , 8., , to bypass the Cabinet’s concurrence to, advise the President for revocation of, any of the emergencies., Which of the above statements is/are, correct?, (a) 1 only, (b) 2 only, (c) Both 1 and 2, (d) Neither 1 nor 2, 10. If any of the lists in the Seventh, Schedule is to be amended, it can be, amended by which of the following, king of majority?, (a) Amendment by simple majority of the, Parliament., (b) Amendment by special majority of the, Parliament., (c) Amendment by special majority of the, Parliament and the ratification of half, of the state legislatures., (d) Absolute majority of the Parliament., 11. The secular word was added to the, constitution by which of the following, Constitutional Amendment Acts?, , (b) 3 only, , (a) 44th Constitutional Amendment Act, , (c) 1 and 3 only, , (b) 42nd Constitutional Amendment Act, , (d) 2 and 3 only, , (c) 38th Constitutional Amendment Act, (d) 25th Constitutional Amendment Act, , Consider the following statements:, 1. The financial emergency has been, proclaimed only once in India and that, too, during the Balance of Payment, crisis of the early 1990s., 2., , (a) 1 only, (b) 2 only, (c) Both 1 and 2, (d) Neither 1 nor 2, Consider the following statements:, 1. Only Article 19 can be suspended, during the external emergency., 2., , 12. Which of the following statements is/are, correct regarding the Constitutional, Amendment under Art. 368?, 1., , Once approved it continues indefinitely, till it is revoked., , Which of the above statements is/are, correct?, , 9., , 8574308854, 9717108622, , ‘Rule 12’, recently in the news, confers, special powers to the Prime Minister, , 2., , Articles 368 provides for two types, of Amendments, that is, by a special, majority of Parliament and also, through the ratification of half of the, states by a simple majority., In case of disagreement between two, Houses over passing an Amendment, Bill under 368, there is a provision for, joint sitting for both Houses, , Select the correct answer using the code, given below:, (a) 1 only, (b) 2 only, (c) Both 1 and 2, (d) Neither 1 nor 2

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BK IAS ACADEMY PT 2022, 13. Consider the following statements, regarding the theory of the basic, structure of the Constitution:, 1., , 2., , The basic structure doctrine has, consolidated the balance between, rigidity and flexibility., It places the Judiciary as the final, authority in deciding what constitutes, the basic structure., , [109], (a) 1 and 2 only, (b) 2 only, (c) 2 and 3 only, (d) None, 16. Consider the following statements, regarding the President’s Rule:, 1., , 44th Amendment Act of 1978 introduced, restraint on the power of the parliament, to extend the President’s Rule beyond, one year., , 2., , President rule can be extended beyond, one year when the National Emergency, is in operation in the whole of India or, in the whole or any part of the state., , 3., , For the extension of the President’s rule, beyond one year, the Supreme Court, of India must certify that the general, election to the Legislative Assembly, of concerned state cannot be held on, account of difficulties., , Which of the above statements is/are, correct?, (a) 1 only, (b) 2 only, (c) Both 1 and 2, (d) Neither 1 nor 2, 14. Which of the following statements, is/are correct regarding the 98th, Constitutional Amendment Act?, 1. 98th constitutional Amendment Act, inserted Article371-J, which provided, for special provision for the Hyderabad, Karnataka region., 2., , 3., , The special provisions aim to establish, an institutional mechanism for an, equitable allocation of funds to meet, the development needs over the region, Article 371-J provided for reservation, of seats in educational and vocational, training institutions in the region for, students who belong to the region, , Which of the above statements is/are correct?, (a) 1 only, (b) 1 and 3 only, (c) 1 and 2 only, (d) 1, 2 and 3, 17. Which, of, the, following, cases, contributed towards the emergence of, Basic Structure of the Constitution?, 1., , Waman Rao case, , 2., , Indira Sawhney case, , (a) 1 and 2 only, , 3., , Golak Nath case, , (b) 2 and 3 only, , Select the correct option using the codes, given below:, , Select the correct answer using the code, given below:, , (c) 1, 2 and 3, (d) 1 and 3 only, 15. Consider the following statements with, reference to the Emergency Powers of, the President:, 1., , He cannot declare a National, Emergency before the onset of war., , 2., , He must be communicated in writing, for declaration of National Emergency, by the Union Cabinet., , 3., , He can suspend Fundamental Rights, during the National Emergency., , Which of the above statements is/are, correct?, , (a) 2 only, (b) 1 and 2 only, (c) 1 and 3 only, (d) 1 ,2 and 3, 18. Which of the following elements are, included in the ‘basic structure’ of the, Constitution?, 1., , Federal character of the Constitution, , 2., , Parliamentary system, , 3., , Effective access to justice, , Select the correct option using the codes, given below:

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857, , 110 BK IAS PT 2022 POLITY & CONSTITUTION, , (a) 1 only, , 8574308854, 9717108622, , 23. Which of the following central taxes, have not been subsumed under Goods, and Services Tax?, , (b) 1 and 2 only, (c) 2 and 3 only, (d) 1, 2 and 3, 19. The amendment of the constitution can, be initiated by which of the following?, (a) Parliament, , 1., , Basic Customs Duty, , 2., , Octroi and Entry tax, , 3., , Luxury tax, , 4., , Countervailing Duty, , (b) Lok Sabha only, , Select the correct answer using the code, given below:, , (c) President, , (a) 1 only, , (d) State legislature, , (b) 1 and 3 only, , 20. Which of the following provisions is/, are amended by a simple majority of, the two Houses of Parliament?, 1. Salaries and allowances of the members, of Parliament, 2., , Use of official language, , 3., , Citizenship-acquisition, termination, , (c) 2, 3 and 4 only, (d) 1, 2 and 3 only, 24. The Directorate of Enforcement is, responsible for the enforcement of, which of the following Acts?, 1., , Foreign Exchange Management Act,, 1999, , Select the correct option using the codes, given below:, , 2., , Prevention of Money Laundering Act,, 2002, , (a) 3 only, , 3., , Fugitive, 2018, , 4., , The Special Court (trial of Offences, relating to Transactions in Securities), Act, 1992, , and, , (b) 1 and 2 only, (c) 2 and 3 only, (d) 1, 2 and 3, 21. Oxytocine harmone is secreted by, which gland?, , Economic, , Act,, , Select the correct answer using the codes, given below:, , (a) Pineal Gland, , (a) 1 and 4 only, , (b) Sebaceous Gland, , (b) 1 and 2 only, , (c) Adrenal Gland, , (c) 1, 2 and 3 only, , (d) None of these, , (d) 2, 3 and 4 only, , 22. Consider the following statements:, 1. Foreign Direct Investment (FDI) is a, long term investment whereas Foreign, Portfolio Investment (FPI) is a short, term investment., 2. Ministry of Commerce and Industry, and Ministry of Finance is authorized, to issue directions for enhancing the, flow of FPIs in India., , Offenders, , 25. Consider the following statements, regarding Press Council of India:, 1., , It is a statutory body., , 2., , It has the power to review the, functioning of the electronic media like, radio and television etc., , 3., , Most of the members in PCI are from, the press., , Which of the above statements is/are, correct?, , Which of the statements given above is/are, correct?, , (a) 1 only, , (a) 3 only, , (b) 2 only, , (b) 1 and 3 only, , (c) Both 1 and 2, , (c) 1 and 2 only, , (d) Neither 1 nor 2, , (d) 1, 2 and 3 only

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BK IAS ACADEMY PT 2022, , [111], , ANSWER HINTS, DAY - 11, , 1., , Correct Option: (b), , when this Emergency was in operation, a, third proclamation of National Emergency, was made in June 1975. Both the second, and third proclamations were revoked in, March 1977., , Explanation:, •, , •, , 2., , Both Emergency powers to be enjoyed, by the Union and the Suspension of, FundamentalRightsduringemergency, have been borrowed from the Weimar, Republic’s Constitution (Germany), However, some provisions are also from, the Government of India Act 1935., , Correct Option: (d), Explanation:, , 3., , •, , •, , During its operation, the state, executive is dismissed and the state, legislature is either suspended or, dissolved. The President administers, the state through the governor and the, Parliament makes laws for the state., , •, , Every resolution of Parliament approving, its proclamation or its continuance can be, passed only by a simple majority., , 4., , Correct Option: (a), Explanation:, •, , Article 356 empowers the President to, issue a proclamation if s/he is satisfied, that a situation has arisen in which the, government of a state cannot be carried, on in accordance with the provisions of the, Constitution. Notably, the president can, act either on a report of the governor of the, state or otherwise too (ie, even without, the governor’s report). The Sarkaria, Commission had recommended that the, proclamation of the President’s Rule should, be only on the governor’s report., , •, , A proclamation imposing President’s, Rule must be approved by both the, Houses of Parliament within two, months from the date of its issue., , •, , However, if the proclamation of President’s, Rule is issued at a time when the Lok, Sabha has been dissolved or the dissolution, of the Lok Sabha takes place during the, period of two months without approving, the proclamation, then the proclamation, survives until 30 days from the first sitting, of the Lok Sabha after its reconstitution,, provided the Rajya Sabha approves it in, the meantime., , •, , Once proclaimed, the President’s Rule, continues for six months., , •, , It can be extended for a maximum, period of three years with the approval, of the Parliament, every six months., , Correct Option: (b), Explanation:, National emergency, •, , It can be proclaimed only when the security, of India or a part of it is threatened by war,, external aggression or armed rebellion., , •, , Once proclaimed, there is no maximum, period prescribed for its operation., It can be continued indefinitely with, the approval of Parliament every six, months., , •, , It has been proclaimed three times, so far-in 1962, 1971 and 1975. The first, proclamation of National Emergency was, issued in October 1962 on account of Chinese, aggression and was in force till January, 1968. The second proclamation of national, emergency was made in December 1971, in the wake of attack by Pakistan. Even, , The first two proclamations (1962 and, 1971) were made on the ground of ‘external, aggression’, while the third proclamation, (1975) was made on the ground of ‘internal, disturbance’.

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857, , 112 BK IAS PT 2022 POLITY & CONSTITUTION, , •, , 5., , However, if the dissolution of the Lok, Sabha takes place during the period of, six months without approving the further, continuation of the President’s Rule, then, the proclamation survives until 30 days, from the first sitting of the Lok Sabha, after its reconstitution, provided the Rajya, Sabha has in the meantime approved its, continuance., , 8574308854, 9717108622, , 7., , Correct Option: (a), Explanation:, Effect of National emergency on the, Centre-State relations, , Correct Option: (c), , •, , While a proclamation of Emergency is in, force, the normal fabric of the Center-State, relations undergoes a basic change., , •, , During a national emergency,, the, Parliament becomes empowered to make, laws on any subject mentioned in the, State List. Although the legislative power, of a state legislature is not suspended, it, becomes subject to the overriding power of, the Parliament., , Explanation:, President’s rule, •, , •, , •, , •, , 6., , Article 355 imposes a duty on the, Centre to ensure that the government of, every state is carried on in accordance with, the provisions of the Constitution., , Article 365 says that whenever a state, fails to comply with or to give effect to any, direction from the Centre, it will be lawful, for the president to hold that a situation has, arisen in which the government of the state, cannot be carried on in accordance with the, provisions of the Constitution. Hence, the, proclamation of the President’s rule, can be due to the violation of Article, 365., A law made by the Parliament or, president or any other specified, authority continues to be operative, even after the President’s Rule. But it, can be repealed or altered or re-enacted by, the state legislature., , Explanation:, Judicial review of the proclamation of, emergency, •, , The 38th Amendment Act of 1975 made, the declaration of a National Emergency, immune from the judicial review., , •, , But, this provision was subsequently, deleted by the 44th Amendment Act of, 1978., Further, in the Minerva Mills case,, (1980), the Supreme Court held that the, proclamation of a national emergency can, be challenged in a court on the ground of, malafide or that the declaration was based, on wholly extraneous and irrelevant facts, or is absurd or perverse., , Correct Option: (b), Explanation:, , Hence, It is this duty in the performance, of which the Centre takes over the, government of a state under Article 356 in, case of failure of constitutional machinery, in the state., , Correct Option: (a), , •, , 8., , Financial emergency, , 9., , •, , The financial emergency has not been, proclaimed in India so far., , •, , Once approved by both the Houses of, Parliament, the Financial Emergency, continues indefinitely till it is, revoked., , Correct Option: (b), Explanation:, Effect of Emergency on the Fundamental, Rights, •, , According to Article 358, when a, proclamation of national emergency is, made, the six Fundamental Rights under, Article 19 are automatically suspended., When the National Emergency ceases to, operate, Article 19 automatically revives, and comes into force., , •, , Under Article 359, the Fundamental, Rights as such are not suspended, but only, their enforcement., , •, , Thus, only Article 19(1) is suspended, during the External emergency, because none of the Fundamental, Rights can be suspended either, during an Internal emergency or State, emergency or Financial emergency., , •, , Further, Article 20 and 21 cannot be, suspended during any of the emergencies., , •, , Rule 12 of the Government of India, (Transaction of Business) Rules, 1961,, allows the Prime Minister to depart, from laid down norms at his discretion., The Cabinet can subsequently give, post-facto approval for any decision, taken under Rule 12.

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BK IAS ACADEMY PT 2022, •, , Thus, by using this rule, the Prime, Minister gave the advice to the, President to revocate the President’s, rule in Maharashtra., , 10. Correct Option: (c), , [113], 12. Correct option: (a), Explanation:, Constitutional Amendment Under 368, •, , An Amendment of the Constitution can be, initiated only by the introduction of a bill for, the purpose in either House of Parliament, and not in the state legislature. The bill, can be introduced either by a minister or, by a private member and does not require, prior permission of the President., , •, , Article 368 provides for the two types of, Amendments, that is, by a special majority, of Parliament and also through the, ratification of half the states by a simple, majority., , •, , The Constitutional Amendment Bill must, be passed in each house by a special, majority, that is, a majority of the total, membership of the House and a majority, of two- thirds of the members of the, House present and voting. Each house, must pass the bill separately. In case of, a disagreement between the two Houses,, there is no provision for holding a joint, sitting of two Houses for the purpose of, deliberation and passage of the bill., , Explanation:, Amended to Any of the lists in the Seventh, Schedule, •, , The Constitution can be amended in three, ways:, , ➤ Amendment by simple majority of the, Parliament,, , ➤ Amendment by special majority of the, Parliament, and, , ➤ Amendment by special majority of the, Parliament and the ratification of half, of the state legislatures., •, , The following provisions can be amended, By Special Majority of Parliament and, Consent of States:, , ➤ Election of the President and its, manner., , ➤ Extent of the executive power of the, Union and the states., , ➤, , Supreme Court and high courts., , ➤ Distribution of legislative, , powers, between the Union and the states., , ➤ Any of the lists in the Seventh, Schedule., , 13. Correct Option: (c), Explanation:, Basic structure and evolution of the, Constitution, •, , The theory of the basic structure has had, a long-lasting effect on the evolution of the, Indian Constitution., , •, , The Judiciary advanced this theory, in the famous case of Kesavananda, Bharati (1973). This ruling has contributed, to the evolution of the Constitution in the, following ways:, , ➤ Representation of states in Parliament., ➤ Power of Parliament to amend the, Constitution and its procedure (Article, 368 itself)., , 11. Correct option: (b), Explanation:, , ➤ It has set specific limits to the, Parliament’s, power, to, amend, the Constitution. It says that no, amendment can violate the basic, structure of the Constitution., , Secular, •, , The secular word was added to Preamble, to Indian Constitution by the 42nd, Constitutional Amendment Act of 1976., , •, , However, as the Supreme Court said in, 1974, although the words ‘Secular state’, was not expressedly mentioned in the, Constitution, there can be no doubt that, Constitution- makers wanted to establish, such a state and accordingly Article 25 to, 28 have been included in the constitution., , •, , The Indian Constitution embodies the, positive concept of secularism that is, all, religions in our country shall have the, same status and support from the state., , ➤ It allows the Parliament to amend, any and all parts of the Constitution, (within this limitation)., , ➤ It places the Judiciary as the, final authority in deciding if, an amendment violates basic, structure and what constitutes, the basic structure., •, , In fact, the theory of basic structure is, itself an example of a living constitution, as there is no mention of this theory in the, Constitution.

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857, , 114 BK IAS PT 2022 POLITY & CONSTITUTION, , •, , It has emerged from judicial interpretation., The Judiciary and its interpretation have, practically amended the Constitution, without a formal amendment. All living, documents evolve in this manner through, debates, arguments, competition, and, practical politics., , •, , In a sense, the basic structure doctrine, has further consolidated the balance, between, rigidity, and, flexibility:, by saying that certain parts cannot be, amended, it has underlined the rigid, nature while allowing amendments to all, others it has underlined the flexible nature, of the amending process., , 14. Correct option: (c), Explanation:, 98th Constitutional Amendment Act, • Article 371-J was inserted by the 98th, Constitutional Amendment Act which, provided for special provisions for, Hyderabad Karnataka Region., • The special Provisions aims to establish, an institutional mechanism for equitable, distribution of funds to meet the, development needs of the region, as well as, to enhance human resources and promote, employment from the region by providing, for local cadres in services and reservation, in educational and vocational training, institution., • Article 371-J provides for reservation of, seats in educational and vocational training, institutions in the region for students, belonging to the region, •, , 8574308854, 9717108622, , •, , The President can also issue different, proclamations on grounds of war, external, aggression, armed rebellion, or imminent, danger thereof, whether or not there is, a proclamation already issued by him, and such proclamation is in operation., This provision was added by the 38th, Amendment Act of 1975., , •, , The President can proclaim a national, emergency only after receiving a, written recommendation from the, cabinet. This means that the emergency, can be declared only on the concurrence of, the cabinet and not merely on the advice of, the prime minister., , • The President can suspend Fundamental, Rights during the National Emergency., Article 358 deals with the suspension of, the Fundamental Rights guaranteed by, Article 19, while Article 359 deals with, the suspension of other Fundamental, Rights (except those guaranteed by, Articles 20 and 21)., , 16. Correct Option: (c), Explanation:, Extension of the President’s Rule beyond, one year, •, , The 44th Amendment Act of 1978, introduced a new provision to put, a restraint on the power of the, parliament to extend a proclamation, of President’s Rule beyond one year., , •, , The 44 amendment Act provided that, beyond one year the President’s Rule can, be extended by six months at a time, only when two conditions are fulfilled:, , Article 371-J provides that Governor, of, Karnataka, would, have, special, responsibility for the establishment of, a separate development board for the, Hyderabad Karnataka Region., , ➤ A Proclamation of National emergency, should be in operation in the whole of, India, or in the whole or any part of, the state;, , 15. Correct option: (c), , ➤ The Election Commission must, certify that the general elections, to the legislative assembly of the, concerned state cannot be held on, account of difficulties., , Explanation:, Emergency powers of President, • Under Article 352 President can declare, a national emergency when the security, of India threatened by war or external, aggression. He can declare a national, emergency even before the actual, occurrence of war., • The president can declare a national, emergency even before the actual, occurrence of war or external aggression or, armed rebellion if he is satisfied that there, is an imminent danger., , 17. Correct Answer: (c), Explanation:, Basic structure of the constitution, The cases related to the Basic structure, are mentioned below:, •, , Shankari Prasad v. Union of India, (1951), , •, , Golak Nath v. State of Punjab, (1967)

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BK IAS ACADEMY PT 2022, •, , [115], , Kesavananda Bharati v. State of Kerala,, (1973), , •, , Indira Nehru Gandhi v. Raj Narain (1975), , •, , Minerva Mills v. Union of India, (1980), , •, , Waman Rao v. Union of India, (1981), , ➤ An amendment of the Constitution can, be initiated only by the introduction of, a bill for the purpose in either House, of Parliament and not in the state, legislatures., , ➤ The bill can be introduced either by a, minister or by a private member and, does not require prior permission of, the president., , 18. Correct Option: (d), Explantion:, , ➤ The bill must be passed in each House, , Elements included in the Basic Structure, of the Constitution, , by a special majority, that is, a majority, (that is, more than 50 per cent) of the, total membership of the House and a, majority of two-thirds of the members, of the House present and voting., , The following have emerged as ‘basic, features’ of the Constitution or elements, / components / ingredients of the ‘basic, structure’ of the constitution:, •, , Supremacy of the Constitution, , •, , Sovereign, democratic and republican, nature of the Indian polity, , •, , Secular character of the Constitution, , •, , Separation of powers between the, legislature, the executive and the judiciary, , •, , Federal character of the Constitution, , •, , Unity and integrity of the nation, , •, , Welfare state (socio-economic justice), , •, , Judicial review, , •, , Freedom and dignity of the individual, , •, , Parliamentary system, , •, , Rule of law, , •, , HarmonyandbalancebetweenFundamental, Rights and Directive Principles, , •, , Principle of equality, , •, , Free and fair elections, , •, , Independence of Judiciary, , •, , Limited power of Parliament to amend the, Constitution, , •, , Effective access to justice, , •, , Principles (or essence), fundamental rights., , •, , Powers of the Supreme Court under Articles, 32, 136, 141 and 142, , •, , Powers of the High Court’s under Articles, 226 and 227, , ➤ Each House must pass the bill, separately. In case of a disagreement, between the two Houses, there is no, provision for holding a joint sitting, of the two Houses for the purpose of, deliberation and passage of the bill., , ➤ If the bill seeks to amend the federal, provisions of the Constitution, it must, also be ratified by the legislatures of, half of the states by a simple majority,, that is, a majority of the members of, the House present and voting., , ➤ After duly passed by both the Houses, of Parliament and ratified by the state, legislatures, where necessary, the, bill is presented to the president for, assent., , ➤ The president must give his assent to, the bill. He can neither withhold his, assent to the bill nor return the bill for, reconsideration of the Parliament., , ➤ After the president’s assent, the bill, , underlying, , 19. Correct Option: (a), Explanation:, Procedure For Amendment, • The procedure for the amendment of the, Constitution as laid down in Article 368 is, as follows:, , becomes an Act (i.e., a constitutional, amendment act) and the Constitution, stands amended in accordance with, the terms of the Act., , 20. Correct Option: (d), Explanation:, Amendment, Parliament, , by, , Simple, , Majority, , of, , A number of provisions in the Constitution, can be amended by a simple majority of, the two Houses of Parliament outside, the scope of Article 368. These provisions, include:, •, , Admission or establishment of new states., , •, , Formation of new states and alteration, of areas, boundaries or names of existing, states.

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857, , 116 BK IAS PT 2022 POLITY & CONSTITUTION, , 8574308854, 9717108622, , •, , Abolition or creation of legislative councils, in states., , •, , SecondSchedule—emoluments,allowances,, privileges and so on of the president, the, governors, the Speakers, judges, etc., , •, , Quorum in Parliament., , •, , Salaries and allowances of the members of, Parliament., , •, , Rules of procedure in Parliament., , •, , Privileges of the Parliament, its members, and its committees., , •, , Use of English language in Parliament., , •, , Number of puisne judges in the Supreme, Court., , •, , Conferment of more jurisdiction on the, Supreme Court., , •, , Use of official language., , •, , Citizenship—acquisition and termination., , •, , Elections to, legislatures., , •, , Delimitation of constituencies., , •, , Union territories., , •, , Fifth, Schedule—administration, scheduled areas and scheduled tribes., , •, , Parliament, , and, , state, , of, , 22. Correct Option: (a), Explanation, Foreign Direct Investment (FDI), Foreign Portfolio Investment (FPI), , and, , •, , Statement 1 is correct: Foreign Direct, Investment (FDI) is a long term, investment whereas Foreign Portfolio, Investment (FPI) is a short term, investment., , •, , Statement 2 is incorrect: Recently,, Securities and Exchange Board of, India (SEBI) has liberalised norms for, Foreign Portfolio Investors., , Supplementary Notes:, Difference between Foreign Portfolio, Investment (FPI) and Foreign Direct, Investment (FDI), •, , FPI consist of securities and other financial, like Bonds, Mutual Funds held by an, investor in another country. It does not, provide direct ownership of the asset and, is relatively liquid. They are basically short, term investors., , •, , FDI lets an investor purchase a direct, business interest in a foreign country. They, are long term investments., , Sixth Schedule—administration of tribal, areas., , Securities and Exchange Board of India, , 21. Correct Option: (d), Explanation:, , •, , Oxytocine Hormone, •, , It has also been dubbed the hug hormone,, cuddle chemical, moral molecule, and, the bliss hormone due to its effects on, behavior, including its role in love and in, female reproductive biological functions in, reproduction., , •, , It is secreted by Pituitary Gland., , •, , It is a hormone that is made in the brain,, in the hypothalamus. It is transported, to, and secreted by, the pituitary gland,, which is located at the base of the brain., , Securities and Exchange Board of India is a, government established in 1988 authority, which controls the securities market in, India. Indian Parliament passed SEBI, Act 1992 in 1992 India which made SEBI, a statutory body. SEBI functions to fulfill, the requirements of the following three, categories., , ➤ Issuers –It provides a marketplace in, which the issuers can increase finance, properly., , ➤, , Investors –It ensure safety and supply, of precise and accurate information, , ➤, , Intermediaries, –It, enables, a, competitive professional market for, intermediaries., , •, , It acts both as a hormone and as a brain, neurotransmitter., , •, , The release of oxytocin by the pituitary, gland acts to regulate two female, reproductive functions: Childbirth and, Breast-feeding., , •, , The headquarters of SEBI is situated in, Mumbai. The regional offices of SEBI are, located in Ahmadabad, Kolkata, Chennai, and Delhi., , •, , It induces contractions of the uterine, muscles and initiates labour for the child, birth., , •, , In News - Securities and Exchange Board, of India has liberalised norms for Foreign, Portfolio Investors.

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BK IAS ACADEMY PT 2022, 23. Correct Option: (a), Explanation, , [117], • Its prime objective is enforcement of two, key Acts of Government of India namely:, , ➤ Foreign Exchange Management Act, , Goods and Services Tax, •, , Statement 1 is correct: Basic Customs, Duty is not subsumed under GST., , Supplementary Notes:, Taxes subsumed into GST, At the Central level, the following taxes, are being subsumed:, •, , Central Excise Duty,, , •, , Additional Excise Duty,, , •, , Service Tax,, , •, , Additional Customs Duty commonly known, as Countervailing Duty, and, , •, , Special Additional Duty of Customs., , At the State level, the following taxes are, being subsumed:, •, , Subsuming of State Value Added Tax/Sales, Tax,, , •, , Entertainment Tax (other than the tax, levied by the local bodies), Central Sales, Tax (levied by the Centre and collected by, the States),, , •, , Octroi and Entry tax,, , •, , Purchase Tax,, , •, , Luxury tax, and, , •, , Taxes on lottery, betting and gambling., , •, , In News – Developments in GST is, frequently in news., , 24. Correct Option: (b), Explanation, Directorate of Enforcement, •, , 1999 (FEMA) and, , Statement 2 and 3 are incorrect:, Enforcement Directorate is responsible, for the administration of Prevention, of Money Laundering Act, 2002 and, Foreign Exchange Management Act,, 1999 only., , Supplementary Notes:, , ➤ Prevention of Money Laundering Act, 2002 (PMLA), • To check money laundering by curb black, money and hawala trade cases., • It is composed of officers from the Indian, Revenue Service, Indian Police Service and, the Indian Administrative Service., • It was established in 1956 as ‘Enforcement, Unit’ in Department of Economic Affairs., • It is headquartered in New Delhi., • In News - The Enforcement Directorate is, investigating the money laundering angle, in the INX MEDIA case., , 25. Correct Option: (b), Explanation:, Press Council of India, •, , Supplementary Notes:, Press Council of India, •, , It was first set up in the year 1966 by the, Parliament on the recommendations of the, First Press Commission with the object of, preserving the freedom of the press and of, maintaining and improving the standards, of press in India., , •, , The present Council functions under the, Press Council Act, 1978., , •, , It is a statutory, quasi judicial authority, functioning as a watchdog of the press,, for the press and by the press., , •, , It adjudicates the complaints against, and by the press for violation of ethics, and for violation of the freedom of the press, respectively., , Composition, •, , The Press Council is headed by a Chairman,, who has by convention, been a retired, judge of the Supreme Court of India., , •, , The Council consists of 28 other members, of whom 20 represent the press and are, nominated by the press organisations/news, agencies recognised and notified by the, Council as all India bodies of categories such, as editors, working journalists and owners, , Enforcement Directorate, •, , It is economic intelligence and law, enforcement agency responsible for, enforcing economic laws and fighting, economic crime in India., , •, , It functions under aegis of Department of, Revenue, Union Ministry of Finance., , Statement 2 is incorrect: It does not, have the power to review the functioning, of the electronic media like radio and, television etc.

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857, , 118 BK IAS PT 2022 POLITY & CONSTITUTION, , and managers of newspaper and news, agencies, five members are nominated, from the two Houses of Parliament and, three represent cultural, literary and, legal fields as nominees of the Sahitya, Academy, University Grants Commission, and the Bar Council of India., •, •, , 8574308854, 9717108622, , Functions, The important functions of the Council, are:, •, , to help newspapers and news agencies to, maintain their independence,, , •, , The members serve on the Council for a, term of three years., , to build up a code of conduct for newspapers,, news agencies and journalists,, , •, , A retiring member shall be eligible for, renomination for not more than one, term. (max 2 consecutive terms), , to keep under review any development, likely to restrict supply and dissemination, of news of public interest and importance., , •, , To concern itself with the developments, such as concentration of or other aspects of, ownership of newspapers and news agencies, which may affect the independence of the, press., , •, , In News - The Press Council of India had, described the ban on communication and, free movement in Jammu and Kashmir as, being in the interest of the integrity and, sovereignty of the nation. While on the, other hand, the ban has severely affected, the functioning of the press in J&K., , FUNDING, •, , •, , The Council is funded by the revenue, collected by it as fee levied on the, registered newspapers in the country, on the basis of their circulation., No fee is levied on newspapers with, circulation less than 5000 copies. The, deficit is made good by way of grant by the, Central Government., , **********

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BK IAS ACADEMY PT 2022, , [119], , TEST, DAY - 12, Time Allowed: 30 mins, , 1., , Maximum Marks: 50, , Consider the following statements, regarding Comptroller and Auditor, General of India (CAG):, 1., , 2., , 3., , He holds office for a period of six years, or upto the age of 65 years, whichever, is earlier, , report to the Parliament upon those, matters., 3., , He can also be removed by the, president on same grounds and in, the same manner as a Chief Election, Commissioner., His salary and other service conditions, are determined by the President and, his salary is equal to that of a Supreme, Court Judge., , Which of the above statements is/are, correct?, , Consider the following statements:, 1., , The National Commission for SCs and, STs came into being consequent upon, passing of the 65th Constitutional, Amendment Act of 1990., , 2., , The new Ministry of Tribal Affairs was, created before the creation of National, Commission for SCs and STs., , 3., , National Commission for SCs and, STs were bifurcated by the 93rd, Constitutional Amendment Act., , (a) 1 and 3 only, , Which of the above statements is/are, incorrect?, , (b) 2 and 3 only, , (a) 1 and 2 only, , (c) 1 and 2 only, , (b) 1 only, , (d) 1 only, , (c) 2 and 3 only, , 2. Which of the following statement is, correct regarding the Special Officer, for Linguistic Minorities?, (a) It has been inserted in the Constitution, by, the, Seventh, Constitutional, Amendment Act of 1956., (b) The, Constitution, specifies, the, qualifications, tenure, salaries and, allowances, service conditions and, procedure for removal of the Special, Officer for Linguistic Minorities., , (d) 1, 2 and 3, 4., , Which of the following statement, is incorrect regarding the Attorney, General of India?, (a) He enjoys all the privileges and, immunities that are available to a, member of Parliament., (b) He is removed from the office in the same, manner as a judge of Supreme Court., , his head, , (c) He may continue his private legal, practice when in office., , (d) It is the duty of the special officer to, investigate all matters relating to, the safeguards provided for linguistic, minorities under this constitution and, , (d) He has the right to speak and to take part, in the proceedings of both the Houses of, Parliament or their joint sitting and any, committee of the Parliament, , (c) The Commissioner has, quarters at Delhi.

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857, , 120 BK IAS PT 2022 POLITY & CONSTITUTION, , 5., , 8574308854, 9717108622, , Which of the following statement is/, are correct regarding the Union Public, Service Commission (UPSC)?, 1. Any irregularity, in, consultation, with the UPSC or acting without, consultation does not invalidate the, decision of the government., 2. A selection by the UPSC confers the, right to the post upon the candidate., 3., , (a) 1, 2 and 3 only, (b) 2 and 4 only, (c) 2, 3 and 4 only, (d) 1 and 3 only, 8., , (a) The Constitution does not makes a, provision for the establishment of a, Joint State Public Service Commission, (JSPSC) for two or more states., , The UPSC can advice the President to, create new All India Services., , Select the correct answer from the codes, given below:, , (b) JSPSC is neither a statutory body nor, a constitutional body., , (a) 1 only, , (c) The members hold office for a term of, six years or until they attain the age of, 65 years, whichever is earlier., , (b) 1 and 2 only, (c) 2 and 3 only, (d) 1, 2 and 3, 6. Which of the following is incorrect, regarding the role and function of, UPSC?, (a) UPSC is only a central recruiting, agency while the Department of, Personnel and Training is the central, personnel agency in India., (b) Recommendations made by UPSC are, only of advisory nature and hence, not, binding on the government., (c) It is mandatory to consult UPSC while, making reservations of appointments, or posts in favour of any backward, class of citizens., (d) The president can exclude posts,, services and matters from the purview, of the UPSC., 7., , Which of the following statements is, incorrect regarding the Joint State, Public Service Commission (JSPSC)?, , With reference to Finance Commission, (FC),, consider, the, following, statement:, 1., , It is constituted by the Parliament, every fifth year or at such earlier time, as considered necessary., , 2., , The members, reappointment., , 3., , The members of FC hold office for a, period of 5 years., , 4., , Among the four members of the FC,, one of them with special knowledge of, economics must be a member., , are, , eligible, , for, , Which of the following statement is/are, correct?, , (d) The number of members of a JSPSC, and their conditions of service are, determined by the President., 9., , Regarding the Election Commission,, consider the following statements:, , 1., The security of tenure is provided only to, the Chief Election Commissioner, 2., According to the Constitution, the retiring, Election Commissioners are not barred from, reappointment., 3., The Election Commission determine the, territorial areas of the electoral constituencies, throughout the country., , Which of the following statements is/are, correct?, (a) 3 only, (b) 1 and 2 only, (c) 1, 2 and 3, (d) None of the above, 10. Consider the following statements, regarding the Advocate General of the, State:, 1. He is appointed by the Governor but, can only be removed by the President., 2., , He must be a citizen of India and must, have held a judicial office for seven, years or been an advocate of a high, court for ten years., , Which of the following statements is/are, incorrect?, (a) 1 only, (b) 2 only

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BK IAS ACADEMY PT 2022, (c) Both 1 and 2, , [121], 3., , (d) None of the above, 11. Consider the following statements, regarding the Protection of Human, Rights (Amendment) Bill, 2019:, 1., , 2., , 3., , The Bill mandates that there should, be a separate State Human Rights, Commission for Delhi., The Bill provides that a person who, has been a Judge of the Supreme Court, will be the chairperson of the National, Human Rights Commission., The Bill provides NHRC and SHRCs, the constitutional status., , Which of the above statements is/are, correct?, (a) 1 and 3 only, , Which of the above statements is/are, correct?, (a) 2 only, (b) 1 and 2 only, (c) 2 and 3 only, (d) 1, 2, and 3, 14. Which of the following statements, regarding the constitutional bodies, at, the Centre, in India is/are correct?, 1., , All the Constitutional bodies of India, are quasi-judicial in nature., , 2., , All, the, Constitutional, bodies’, recommendations are only advisory in, nature., , 3., , All the Constitutional bodies are, appointed by the President, and hence, , (b) 3 only, (c) 2 only, (d) 1, 2, and 3, 12. Consider the following statements:, 1., , NHRC and SHRCs are the quasijudicial authorities., , 2., , They cannot inquire the matter suo, motu., , 3., , The Commissions are empowered, to inquire into any matter after the, expiry of one year from the date on, which the act constituting violation of, human rights is alleged to have been, committed., , Which of the above statements is/are, incorrect?, , Unlike other Constitutional bodies, its, recommendations are binding on the, Government., , the Council of Ministers., Select the correct option using the codes, given below:, (a) 2 only, (b) 1 and 2 only, (c) 1 and 3 only, (d) 2 and 3 only, 15. Which of the following is/are statutory, bodies?, 1., , Unique, India, , (b) 2 only, , 2., , NITI Ayog, , (c) 3 only, , 3., , Central Bureau of investigation, , (d) 1, 2, and 3, , 4., , Central Vigilance Commission, , (a) 1 only, , 13. Consider the following statements, regarding the finance commission:, 1., , The Finance Commission of India, cannot give recommendations for more, than 5 years., , 2., , To be appointed as a member of the, commission, the person should be, qualified as a judge of high court., , Identification Authority of, , Select the correct option using the codes, given below:, (a) 1 only, (b) 1 and 4 only, (c) 1, 3, and 4 only, (d) 2, 3, and 4 only

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857, , 122 BK IAS PT 2022 POLITY & CONSTITUTION, , 16. Consider the following statements, regarding the Central Information, Commission:, 1., 2., 3., , It was constituted under the provisions, of the Right to Information Act (2005)., It works under the Ministry of, , 8574308854, 9717108622, , 3., , They hold office for a term of five years, or until they attain the age of sixty five, years, whichever is earlier., , Which of the following statement is/are, incorrect?, , Information and Broadcasting., , (a) 1 only, , The CIC is appointed by the Prime, Minister on the recommendation of the, Cabinet., , (b) 2 and 3 only, , Which of the following statement is/are, incorrect?, (a) 1 only, (b) 1 and 2 only, (c) 2 and 3 only, (d) 1 and 3 only, 17. Consider the following statements, regarding the State Information, Commission:, , (c) 1 and 3 only, (d) 1 and 2 only, 19. Which of the following statement is, correct regarding the Central Bureau, of Investigation (CBI)?, (a) It is a statutory body., (b) Home minister is one of the members, in the committee setup to recommends, the Director of CBI., (c) It is established under the Delhi Special, Police Establishment Act, 1946., , 1., , While the State Chief Information, Commissioner is appointed by the, Governor, it can only be removed by, the President., , (d) It works under The Ministry of, Personnel, Public Grievances and, Pensions., , 2., , The, State, Chief, Information, Commissioner can be removed from, the office if he has been convicted of, an offence which, in the opinion of the, Election Commissioner, involves a, moral turpitude., , 20. Consider the following statements, regarding the Central Bureau of, Investigation (CBI):, 1., , The CBI is required to obtain the prior, approval of the Central Government, before conducting any inquiry or, investigation into an offence committed, by officers of the rank of joint secretary, and above in the Central Government, and its authorities., , 2., , The CBI acts as the “National Central, Bureau” of Interpol in India., , 3., , The Director of Prosecution, appointed, for the prosecution of cases under the, Lokpal and Lokayuktas Act, 2013,, shall be an officer not below the rank of, Director General of Police of a State., , Which of the following statement is/are, correct?, (a) 1 only, (b) 2 only, (c) Both 1 and 2, (d) Neither 1 nor 2, 18. Regarding the Central Vigilance, Commission (CVC), consider the, following statements:, 1., , Originally the CVC was neither a, constitutional body nor a statutory, body., , 2., , The CVC is a multi-member body, consisting of a Central Vigilance, Commissioner, (chairperson), and, not, more, than, four, vigilance, commissioners., , Which of the following statement is/are, correct?, (a) 2 only, (b) 2 and 3 only, (c) 1, 2 and 3, (d) 1 and 3 only

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BK IAS ACADEMY PT 2022, , [123], , 21. At which of the following place the, International Conference on Women’s, Health, Wellness and Empowerment, 2018 was organized?, (a) Lucknow, (c) Varanasi, Correct Option: (b), , International Conference on Women’s, Health, Wellness and Empowerment, The event was organized by the Federation, of Obstetric and Gynaecological Societies, of India and the Kanpur Obstetric and, Gynaecological Society in Kanpur., Held on 6 October, the theme of this year, edition was “Give her wings and let her, soar”., , 22. Which company’s was the first in, India, to move its container on inland, waterways?, (b) Coca-Cola, , Institute,, , (d) Indian Institute of Toxicology Research,, Lucknow, , Explanation:, , (a) Tata Motors, , Research, , (c) National Botanical Research Institute,, Lucknow, , (d) Ahemdabad, , •, , (a) National Chemical Laboratory, Pune, (b) Central Drug, Lucknow, , (b) Kanpur, , •, , 23. Which of the following CSIR institutes, has developed OneerTM?, , 24. ‘Artificial Moon’ is an initiative of, which of the following coumtries?, (a) USA, (b) China, (c) France, (d) Japan, 25. Astana Declaration is related to which, of the following goals?, (a) Healthcare, (b) Anti-Terrorism, , (c) Pepsico, , (c) Food Security, , (d) All of the above, , (d) None of the above, , **********

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857, , 124 BK IAS PT 2022 POLITY & CONSTITUTION, , 8574308854, 9717108622, , ANSWER HINTS, DAY - 12, , 1., , Correct Option: (c), , of India. Thus, they are not subject to, the vote of Parliament., , Explanation:, •, , •, , He holds office for a period of six years or, upto the age of 65 years, whichever is, earlier. He can resign any time from his, office by addressing the resignation letter, to the president. He can also be removed, by the president on same grounds and, in the same manner as a judge of the, Supreme Court (which is also the same, for Chief Election Commissioner)., , 2., , Correct Option: (a), Explanation:, •, , Originally, the Constitution of India did not, makeanyprovisionwithrespecttotheSpecial, Officer for Linguistic Minorities. Later, the, States Reorganisation Commission (195355) made a recommendation in this regard., Accordingly, the Seventh Constitutional, Amendment Act of 1956 inserted a, new Article 350-B in Part XVII of the, Constitution., , •, , It would be the duty of the Special Officer, to investigate all matters relating to the, safeguards provided for linguistic minorities, under the Constitution. He would report, to the President upon those matters, at such intervals as the President may, direct. The President should place all such, reports before each House of Parliament, and send to the governments of the states, concerned., , •, , The Commissioner takes up all the, matters pertaining to, the grievances, arising out of the non-implementation of, the Constitutional and Nationally Agreed, Scheme of Safeguards provided to linguistic, minorities that come to its notice or are, brought to its knowledge by the linguistic, minority individuals, groups, associations, or organisations at the highest political, and administrative levels of the state, governments and UT administrations and, recommends remedial actions to be, taken., , •, , It must be noted here that the, Constitution does not specify the, qualifications, tenure, salaries and, allowances, service conditions and, procedure for removal of the Special, Officer for Linguistic Minorities., , •, , The, Commissioner, has, his, headquarters at Allahabad (Uttar, Pradesh). He has three regional offices, , The Constitution has made the following, provisions to safeguard and ensure the, independence of CAG:, , ➤ He is provided with the security of, tenure. He can be removed by the, president only in accordance with, the procedure mentioned in the, Constitution. Thus, he does not hold, his office till the pleasure of the, president, though he is appointed by, him., , ➤ He is not eligible for further office,, either under the Government of India, or of any state, after he ceases to hold, his office., , ➤ His salary and other service, conditions are determined by the, Parliament. His salary is equal to, that of a judge of the Supreme Court., , ➤ Neither his salary nor his rights in, respect of leave of absence, pension or, age of retirement can be altered to his, disadvantage after his appointment., , ➤ The conditions of service of persons, serving in the Indian Audit and, Accounts Department and the, administrative powers of the CAG, are prescribed by the president after, consultation with the CAG., , ➤ The administrative, , expenses of, the office of the CAG, including all, salaries, allowances and pensions, of persons serving in that office are, charged upon the Consolidated Fund

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BK IAS ACADEMY PT 2022, , [125], , at Belgaum (Karnataka), Chennai (Tamil, Nadu) and Kolkata (West Bengal). Each is, headed by an Assistant Commissioner, , 3., , Correct Option: (c), Explanation:, •, , •, , •, , •, , 4., , The National Commission for SCs and STs, came into being consequent upon passing, of the 65th Constitutional Amendment, Act of 1990., The Commission was established under, Article 338 of the Constitution with the, objective of monitoring all the safeguards, provided for the SCs and STs under the, Constitution or other laws. Geographically, and culturally, the STs are different, from the SCs and their problems are also, different from those of SCs. In 1999, a new, Ministry of Tribal Affairs was created, to provide a sharp focus to the welfare and, development of the STs., In order to safeguard the interests of the, STs more effectively, it was proposed to, set up a separate National Commission for, STs by bifurcating the existing combined, National Commission for SCs and STs., This was done by passing the 89th, Constitutional Amendment Act, of, 2003. This Act further amended Article, 338 and inserted a new Article 338-A in the, Constitution., , Correct Option: (b), Explanation:, •, , The term of office of the AG is not fixed by the, Constitution. Further, the Constitution, does not contain the procedure and, grounds for his removal. He holds office, during the pleasure of the president. This, means that he may be removed by the, president at any time., , •, , Conventionally, he resigns when the, government (council of ministers) resigns, or is replaced, as he is appointed on its, advice., , •, , In the performance of his official duties,, the Attorney General has the right of, audience in all courts in the territory of, India. Further, he has the right to speak, and to take part in the proceedings, of both the Houses of Parliament or, their joint sitting and any committee, of the Parliament of which he may be, named a member, but without a right to, vote. He enjoys all the privileges and, immunities that are available to a, member of Parliament., , •, , The Attorney General is not a full-time, counsel for the Government. He does not, , fall in the category of government servants., Further, he is not debarred from private, legal practice., , 5., , Correct Option: (a), Explanation:, The UPSC, functions:, , performs, , the, , following, , •, , It conducts examinations for appointments, to the all-India services, Central services, and public services of the centrally, administered territories., , •, , It assists the states (if requested by two, or more states to do so) in framing and, operating schemes of joint recruitment for, any services for whichcandidates possessing, special qualifications are required., , •, , It serves all or any of the needs of a state on, the request of the state governor and with, the approval of the president of India., , •, , It is consulted on the following matters, related to personnel management:, , ➤ All matters relating to methods of, recruitment to civil services and for, civil posts., , ➤ The principles to be followed in making, appointments to civil services and, posts and in making promotions and, transfers from one service to another., , ➤ The suitability of candidates for, appointments to civil services and, posts; for promotions and transfers, from one service to another; and, appointmentsbytransferordeputation., The concerned departments make, recommendations for promotions and, request the UPSC to ratify them., , ➤ All disciplinary matters affecting a, person serving under the Government, of India in a civil capacity including, memorials or petitions relating to, such matters. These include:, , » Censure (Severe disapproval), » Withholding of increments, » Withholding of promotions, » Recovery of pecuniary loss, » Reduction to lower service or rank, (Demotion), , » Compulsory retirement, » Removal from service, » Dismissal from service, ➤ Any claim for reimbursement of legal, expenses incurred by a civil servant in, defending legal proceedings instituted

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857, , 126 BK IAS PT 2022 POLITY & CONSTITUTION, , 8574308854, 9717108622, , against him in respect of acts done in, the execution of his official duties., , services and Central services and posts may, make regulations specifying the matters in, which, it shall not be necessary for UPSC, to be consulted., , ➤ Any claim for the award of a pension, in respect of injuries sustained by, a person while serving under the, Government of India and any question, as to the amount of any such award., , •, , The role of UPSC is not only limited,, but also recommendations made by it, are only of advisory nature and hence,, not binding on the government. It, is upto the Union government to accept, or reject that advise. The only safeguard, is the answerability of the government, to the Parliament for departing from, the recommendation of the Commission., Further, the government can also make, rules which regulate the scope of the, advisory functions of UPSC., , •, , The Constitution visualises the UPSC to, be the ‘watch-dog of merit system’ in India., It is concerned with the recruitment to the, all-India services and Central services—, group A and group B and advises the, government, when consulted, on promotion, and disciplinary matters., , •, , It is not concerned with the classification of, services, pay and service conditions, cadre, management, training, and so on., , •, , These matters are handled by the, Department of Personnel and Training—, one of the three departments of the, Ministry of Personnel, Public Grievances, and Pensions. Therefore, UPSC is only, a central recruiting agency while the, Department of Personnel and Training, is the central personnel agency in, India., , ➤ Matters of temporary appointments, for period exceeding one year and on, regularisation of appointments., , ➤ Matters related to grant of extension, of service and re-employment of, certain retired civil servants., , ➤ Any other matter related to personnel, management., •, , 6., , The Supreme Court has held that if the, government fails to consult UPSC in the, matters (mentioned above), the aggrieved, public servant has no remedy in a court., In other words, the court held that any, irregularity in consultation with the, UPSC or acting without consultation, does not invalidate the decision of, the government. Thus, the provision is, directory and not mandatory. Similarly,, the court held that a selection by the, UPSC does not confer any right to the, post upon the candidate. However, the, government is to act fairly and without, arbitrariness or malafides., , Correct Option: (c), Explanation:, •, , The following matters are kept outside, the functional jurisdiction of the UPSC. In, other words, the UPSC is not consulted, on the following matters:, , ➤, , While making reservations of, appointments or posts in favour, of any backward class of citizens., , 7., , Correct Option: (b), Explanation:, Finance Commission, •, , Article 280 of the Constitution of India, provides for a Finance Commission as a, quasi judicial body. It is constituted by, the President of India every fifth year, or at such earlier time as he considers, necessary., , •, , The Finance Commission consists of a, chairman and four other members to be, appointed by the president. They hold, office for such period as specified by, the president in his order., , •, , They are eligible for reappointment., , •, , The chairman should be a person having, experience in public affairs and the four, other members should be selected from, amongst the following:, , ➤ While taking into, , consideration, the claims of scheduled castes, and scheduled tribes in making, appointments to services and posts., , ➤ With regard to the selections for, chairmanship or membership of, commissions or tribunals, posts of the, highest diplomatic nature and a bulk, of group C and group D services., , ➤ With regard to the selection for, temporary or officiating appointment, to a post if the person appointed is not, likely to hold the post for more than, a year., •, , The president can exclude posts,, services and matters from the purview, of the UPSC. The Constitution states that, the president, in respect to the all India, , ➤ A judge of high court or one qualified, to be appointed as one.

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BK IAS ACADEMY PT 2022, ➤, , [127], , A person who has specialised, knowledge of finance and accounts of, the government., , ➤ A person who has wide experience, in, financial, administration., , ➤, 8., , matters, , A person who has, knowledge of economics., , and, , India provides for a separate State Election, Commission., •, , in, , special, , ➤ The chief election commissioner, , •, , The Constitution makes a provision, for the establishment of a Joint State, Public Service Commission (JSPSC) for, two or more states., , •, , While the UPSC and the SPSC are created, directly by the Constitution, a JSPSC can, be created by an act of Parliament on the, request of the state legislatures concerned., Thus, a JSPSC is a statutory and not a, constitutional body., , is provided with the security of, tenure. He cannot be removed from, his office except in same manner and, on the same grounds as a judge of the, Supreme Court. In other words, he, can be removed by the president on, the basis of a resolution passed to that, effect by both the Houses of Parliament, with special majority, either on the, ground of proved misbehaviour or, incapacity. Thus, he does not hold his, office till the pleasure of the president,, though he is appointed by him., , Correct Option: (d), Explanation:, , •, , •, , 9., , Article 324 of the Constitution has made, the following provisions to safeguard and, ensure the independent and impartial, functioning of the Election Commission:, , ➤ The service conditions of the chief, election commissioner cannot be, varied to his disadvantage after his, appointment., , The chairman and members of a JSPSC, are appointed by the president. They, hold office for a term of six years or, until they attain the age of 62 years,, whichever is earlier., They can be suspended or removed by the, president. They can also resign from their, offices at any time by submitting their, resignation letters to the president., , •, , The number of members of a JSPSC, and their conditions of service are, determined by the President., , •, , A JSPSC presents its annual performance, report to each of the concerned state, governors. Each governor places the report, before the state legislature., , ➤ Any other election commissioner or, a regional commissioner cannot be, removed from office except on the, recommendation of the chief election, commissioner., •, , ➤ The Constitution has not prescribed, the qualifications (legal, educational,, administrative or judicial) of the, members of the Election Commission., , ➤ The Constitution has not specified the, , Correct Option: (c), , term of the members of the Election, Commission., , Explanation:, •, , The Election Commission is a permanent, and an independent body established by, the Constitution of India directly to ensure, free and fair elections in the country., , •, , Article 324 of the Constitution provides that, the power of superintendence, direction, and control of elections to parliament, state, legislatures, the office of president of India, and the office of vice president of India, shall be vested in the election commission., Thus, the Election Commission is an allIndia body in the sense that it is common to, both the Central government and the state, governments., , •, , It must be noted here that the election, commission is not concerned with the, elections to panchayats and muncipalities, in the states. For this, the Constitution of, , Though the constitution has sought to, safeguard and ensure the independence and, impartiality of the Election Commission,, some flaws can be noted, viz.,, , ➤ The, , Constitution, has, not, debarred the retiring election, commissioners from any further, appointment by the government., , •, , The Election Commission determine, the territorial areas of the electoral, constituencies throughout the country, on the basis of the Delimitation, Commission Act of Parliament., , 10. Correct Option: (c), Explanation:, •, , The Constitution (Article 165) has provided, for the office of the advocate general for the, states. He is the highest law officer in the, state. Thus he corresponds to the Attorney, General of India.

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857, , 128 BK IAS PT 2022 POLITY & CONSTITUTION, , •, , The advocate general is appointed by, the governor. He must be a person who, is qualified to be appointed a judge of a, high court. In other words, he must be a, citizen of India and must have held a, judicial office for ten years or been an, advocate of a high court for ten years., , •, , The term of office of the advocate general is, not fixed by the Constitution., , •, , Further, the Constitution does not contain, the procedure and grounds for his removal., He holds office during the pleasure, of the governor. This means that he, may be removed by the governor, at any time. He may also quit his office, by submitting his resignation to the, governor., , •, , Conventionally, he resigns when the, government (council of ministers) resigns, or is replaced, as he is appointed on its, advice. The remuneration of the advocate, general is not fixed by the Constitution. He, receives such remuneration as the governor, may determine., , 11. Correct Option: (c), Explanation:, The, Protection, of, Human, (Amendment) Bill, 2019, , 8574308854, 9717108622, , reappointment of members of the NHRC, and SHRCs for a period of five years., The Bill removes the five-year limit for, reappointment., •, , The Bill provides for including the, chairpersons of the National Commission, for Backward Classes, the National, Commission for the Protection of Child, Rights, and the Chief Commissioner for, Persons with Disabilities as members of, the NHRC., , •, , The Bill does not change the statutory, status of the NHRC or SHRCs., , 12. Correct Option: (d), Explanation:, •, , The Protection of Human Rights Act, 1993, provides for a National Human Rights, Commission (NHRC), State Human Rights, Commissions (SHRC), as well as Human, Rights Courts (at the district level)., , •, , They are the watchdog of human rights in, the country., , •, , The chairman and members are appointed, by the president on the recommendations, of a six-member committee consisting of, the prime minister as its head, the Speaker, of the Lok Sabha, the Deputy Chairman of, the Rajya Sabha, leaders of the Opposition, in both the Houses of Parliament and the, Central home minister., , •, , The Commissions are not empowered, to inquire into any matter after the, expiry of one year from the date on, which the act constituting violation, of human rights is alleged to have, been committed. In other words, it can, look into a matter within one year of its, occurrence., , •, , A. M. Ahmadi Committee set up by the, Commission recommended that the, Commission should be empowered to, inquire into any matter after the expiry of, one year if there is sufficient reason for not, filing the complaint within the said period., , •, , The Commissions enquire into any, violation of human rights or negligence, in the prevention of such violation by, a public servant, either suo motu or, on a petition presented to it or on an, order of a court., , •, , The functions of the commission are, mainly recommendatory in nature. It, has no power to punish the violators, of human rights, nor to award any, relief including monetary relief to the, victim., , Rights, , •, , The Bill amends the Protection of Human, Rights Act, 1993., , •, , Under the original Act, the chairperson, of the NHRC (SHRC) is a person who, has been a Chief Justice of the Supreme, Court (High Court). The Bill amends, the provision that to provide that a, person who has been Chief Justice of, the Supreme Court, or a Judge of the, Supreme Court (High Court) will be, the chairperson of the NHRC (SHRC)., , •, , The 1993 Act provides for two persons, having knowledge of human rights to be, appointed as members of the NHRC. The, Bill amends this to allow three members to, be appointed, of which at least one will be, a woman., , •, , The Bill provides that the central, government may confer on an SHRC, human rights functions being discharged, by Union Territories. Functions relating, to human rights in the case of Delhi, will be dealt with by the NHRC., , •, , The original Act states that the chairperson, and members of the NHRC and SHRC will, hold office for five years or till the age of, seventy years, whichever is earlier. The, Bill reduces the term of office to three years, or till the age of seventy years, whichever, is earlier. Further, the Act allows for the

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BK IAS ACADEMY PT 2022, , [129], , 13. Correct Option: (a), , ➤, , The Union Public Commission, , Explanation:, , ➤ Finance Commission, , Finance Commission of India, , ➤ Special Officer for, , •, , ➤, , The Constitution of India envisages the, Finance commission as the balancing wheel, of fiscal federalism in India., , Linguistic Minorities, , ➤ The office of the Comptroller of Auditor, & Accounts General., , •, , It is constituted by the President of India, every fifth year., , •, , Not all are quasi-judicial in nature for, instance, CAG., , •, , The chairman should be a person having, experience in public affairs and the four, other members should be selected from, amongst the following:, , •, , All the recommendations of these, bodies are non-binding on the, Government., , •, , These are appointed by the President,, hence, the Council of Ministers., , ➤ A judge of high court or one qualified, to be appointed as one., , ➤, , A person who has specialised, knowledge of finance and accounts of, the government., , ➤ A person who has wide experience, in, financial, matters, administration., , and, , in, , 15. Correct Option: (b), Explanation:, Statutory and Executive bodies in India, •, , Statutory body is a non-constitutional, body. This body is created by statute i.e. by, Parliament by law., , •, , Executive bodies are those bodies that are, created by an executive order - i.e. order of, a ministry of union or state. Such bodies, have no constitutional or law backing, them., , •, , Originally an executive body, the Unique, Identification Authority of India (UIDAI), is now a statutory authority established, under the provisions of the Aadhaar, (Targeted Delivery of Financial and Other, Subsidies, Benefits and Services) Act, 2016, (“Aadhaar Act 2016”) on 12 July 2016 by the, Government of India, under the Ministry, of Electronics and Information Technology, (MeitY)., , ➤ A person who has special knowledge, of economics., •, , Recently, the Union Cabinet has, extended the term of 15th Finance, Commission by one-year. The cabinet, decision means the Commission will, recommend its award to six fiscal, years, instead of the usual five., , •, , This means that while the Commission can, give recommendations for six years through, two reports (2020-21 to 2025-26)., , •, , When the Sixteenth Finance Commission, will be set up, it will consider devolution, for 2025-26 to 2029-30, and not from 202627. This will essentially keep the award, period of the 15th Finance Commission at, five years,, , •, , • The commission submits its report to the, President. He lays it before both the Houses, of Parliament., , NITI Ayog is an executive body, formed, via a resolution of the Union Cabinet on, January 1, 2015., , •, , CBI is not a statutory body as it is not, established by an Act of the Parliament. It, is just an executive body., , •, , Originally an executive body, the, CVC is got the statutory status via the, Central Vigilance Commission Act 2003., , •, , The recommendations made, by, the Finance Commission are only, of advisory nature and hence, not, binding on the government. It is up to, the Union government to implement its, recommendations on granting money to, the states., , 14. Correct Option: (d), Explanation:, Constitutional bodies, •, , The following are the Constitutional bodies, at the Centre, in India., , ➤, , The Election Commission., , 16. Correct Option: (c), Explanation:, •, , The Central Information Commission was, established by the Central Government, in 2005. It was constituted through an, Official Gazette Notification under the, provisions of the Right to Information, Act (2005). Hence, it is not a constitutional, body.

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857, , 130 BK IAS PT 2022 POLITY & CONSTITUTION, , 8574308854, 9717108622, , corruption in the Central government. It, was established in 1964 by an executive, resolution of the Central government. Its, establishment was recommended by the, Santhanam Committee on Prevention of, Corruption (1962–64)., , • The Central Information Commission is a, high-powered independent body which, inter alia looks into the complaints made to, it and decides the appeals., •, , The Commission consists of a Chief, Information Commissioner and not more, than ten Information Commissioners. They, are appointed by the President on the, recommendation of a committee consisting, of the Prime Minister as Chairperson, the, Leader of Opposition in the Lok Sabha and, a Union Cabinet Minister nominated by, the Prime Minister., , • The Chief Information Commissioner and, an Information Commissioner hold office, for a term of 5 years or until they attain the, age of 65 years, whichever is earlier. They, are not eligible for reappointment., , •, , Thus, originally the CVC was neither, a constitutional body nor a statutory, body. Later, in 2003, the Parliament, enacted a law conferring statutory status, on the CVC., , •, , The CVC is a multi-member body consisting, of a Central Vigilance Commissioner, (chairperson) and not more than two, vigilance commissioners., , •, , They hold office for a term of four years, or until they attain the age of sixty, five years, whichever is earlier. After their, tenure, they are not eligible for further, employment under the Central or a state, government., , 17. Correct Option: (d), Explanation:, •, , State Chief Information Commissioner, are appointed by the Governor on the, recommendation of a committee consisting, of the Chief Minister as Chairperson, the, Leader of Opposition in the Legislative, Assembly and a State Cabinet Minister, nominated by the Chief Minister., , 19. Correct Option: (b), Explanation:, •, , The Central Bureau of Investigation, (CBI) was set up in 1963 by a resolution, of the Ministry of Home Affairs. Later,, it was transferred to the Ministry of, Personnel and now it enjoys the status, of an attached office. The Special Police, Establishment (which looked into vigilance, cases) setup in 1941 was also merged with, the CBI., , •, , The establishment of the CBI was, recommended, by, the, Santhanam, Committee on Prevention of Corruption, (1962-1964). The CBI is not a statutory, body. It derives its powers from the, Delhi Special Police Establishment, Act, 1946, however it is not established, under it., , • They should be persons of eminence in public, life with wide knowledge and experience in, law, science and technology, social service,, management, journalism, mass media or, administration and governance., • They should not be a Member of Parliament, or Member of the Legislature of any State, or Union Territory., • The Governor can remove the State, Chief Information Commissioner or any, State Information Commissioner from the, office under the following circumstances:, , ➤ if he is adjudged an insolvent; or, ➤ if he has been convicted of an, offence which (in the opinion of, the Governor) involves a moral, turpitude; or, , ➤ if he engages during his term of office, in any paid employment outside the, duties of his office; or, , ➤ if he is (in the opinion of the Governor), unfit to continue in office due to, infirmity of mind or body; or, , ➤ if he has acquired such financial or, other interest as is likely to affect, prejudicially his official functions., , 18. Correct Option: (b), Explanation:, •, , The Central Vigilance Commission, (CVC) is the main agency for preventing, , • The Central Government shall appoint the, Director of CBI on the recommendation, of a three-member committee consisting, of the Prime Minister as Chairperson,, the Leader of Opposition in the Lok, Sabha and the Chief Justice of India or, Judge of the Supreme Court nominated, by him., , 20. Correct Option: (b), Explanation:, • The Lokpal and Lokayuktas Act (2013), amended the Delhi Special Police, Establishment Act (1946) and made the, following changes with respect to the, composition of the CBI:, , ➤ The, , Central, Government, shall, appoint the Director of CBI on the

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BK IAS ACADEMY PT 2022, recommendation of a three-member, committee consisting of the Prime, Minister as Chairperson, the Leader, of Opposition in the Lok Sabha and, the Chief Justice of India or Judge, of the Supreme Court nominated by, him., , ➤ There shall be a Directorate of, prosecution headed by a Director for, conducting the prosecution of cases, under the Lokpal and Lokayuktas Act,, 2013. The Director of Prosecution, shall be an officer not below the, rank of Joint Secretary to the, Government of India. He shall, function under the overall supervision, and control of the Director of CBI., He shall be appointed by the Central, Government on the recommendation, of the Central Vigilance Commission., He shall hold office for a period of two, years., , [131], •, , 22. Correct Option: (c), Explanation:, India’s first container movement on inland, waterways, •, , On the National Waterway-1, 16 containers, of Pepsico was carried from Kolkata to, Varanasi., , •, , The vessel was named as MV RN Tagore, , •, , It was India’s first container movement on, Inland Vessel post-independence., , 23. Correct Option: (d), Explanation:, OneerTM, •, , OneerTM is Water Disinfection System in, meeting the requirements of potable water, in rural and urban areas., , •, , It has been developed by Indian Institute, of Toxicology Research (CSIR-IITR),, Lucknow., , •, , It is useful for the treatment of water by, eliminates all disease-causing pathogens, such as virus, bacteria, fungi, protozoa and, cyst to provide safe., , ➤ The Central Government shall appoint, officers of the rank of SP and above, in the CBI on the recommendation, of a committee consisting of the, Central, Vigilance, Commissioner, as, Chairperson,, the, Vigilance, Commissioners, the Secretary of the, Home Ministry and the Secretary of, the Department of Personnel., • The CBI is required to obtain the prior, approval of the Central Government before, conducting any inquiry or investigation into, an offence committed by officers of the rank, of joint secretary and above in the Central, Government and its authorities. However,, on May 6, 2014, the Supreme Court, held as invalid the legal provision that, makes prior sanction mandatory for, the Central Bureau of Investigation, to conduct a probe against senior, bureaucrats in corruption cases under, the Prevention of Corruption Act., • The CBI acts as the “National Central, Bureau” of Interpol in India. The, Interpol Wing of the CBI coordinates, requests for investigation-related activities, originating from Indian law enforcement, agencies and the member countries of the, Interpol., , 24. Correct Option: (b), Explanation:, Artificial Moon, •, , China is planning to launch its own, ‘artificial moon’ by 2020 to replace, streetlamps and lower electricity costs in, urban areas., , •, , Also called an illumination satellite, it will, be developed by Xichang Satellite Launch, Center in Sichuan., , 25. Correct Option: (a), Explanation:, Astana Declaration, •, , The Global Conference on Primary, Health Care in Astana, Kazakhstan in, October 2018 endorsed a new declaration, emphasizing the critical role of primary, health care around the world., , •, , It was convened by UNICEF and the World, Health Organisation (WHO)., , •, , India and all other members of the United, Nations signed the Declaration., , •, , The first such conference was held in, Almaty, Kazakhstan in 1978., , 21. Correct Option: (b), Explanation:, International Conference on Women’s, Health, Wellness and Empowerment, •, , The event was organized by the Federation, of Obstetric and Gynaecological Societies, of India and the Kanpur Obstetric and, Gynaecological Society in Kanpur., , Held on 6 October, the theme of this year, edition was “Give her wings and let her soar”.

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857, , 132 BK IAS PT 2022 POLITY & CONSTITUTION, , 8574308854, 9717108622, , TEST, DAY - 13, Time Allowed: 30 mins, , 1., , Which of the following statements, regarding Centre-State relations in, India is/are correct?, 1., , Like the USA, residuary powers in, India are left to the Union., , 2., , The subject matters that fall under the, residuary power or not is to be decided, by Rajya Sabha., , Select the correct option using the codes, given below:, (a) 1 only, (b) 2 only, (c) Both 1 and 2, (d) Neither 1 nor 2, 2., , If two or more states resolve that it is, lawful of Parliament to make laws with, respect to any matter enumerated in, the State List and Parliament makes, the law under Article 252., , 2., , The laws made by state legislatures, cease to exist immediately after the, Resolution passed by Rajya Sabha,, under Article 249, has ceased to be in, force., , Which of the above statements is/are, incorrect?, (a) 1 only, (b) 2 only, (c) Both 1 and 2, (d) Neither 1 nor 2, 4. Consider the following statements with, reference to Centre-State relations in, India:, 1., , The Governor of a state may with the, consent of the central government,, entrust to that government any of the, executive functions of the state., , 2., , The President can entrust the executive, function of the center to a state with its, consent., , 1., , The Law automatically applies in all, the States/UTs in India., , 2., , Only Parliament can repeal/amend the, Law., , Which of the above statements given above, is/are correct?, , 3., , Wild Life (Protection) Act, 1972 is an, example of this situation., , (a) 1 only, , Which of the above statements is/are, incorrect?, (a) 1 only, (b) 1 and 2 only, (c) 2 and 3 only, (d) 1, 2 and 3 only, 3., , Maximum Marks: 50, , Consider the following statements:, 1., , A state legislature cannot make laws, on the state lists during a national, emergency., , (b) 2 only, (c) Both 1 and 2, (d) Neither 1 nor 2, 5. With reference to the Constitution of, India which one of the following pairs, is incorrectly matched?, (a) Stock Exchange: The State List, (b) Forest: The Concurrent List, (c) Insurance: The Union List, (d) Marriage and divorce: The Concurrent, List

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BK IAS ACADEMY PT 2022, 6., , Consider the following statements, regarding financial relations between, the Centre and states:, 1., , 2., , The limits on the loan borrowed, by the states are fixed by the state, legislatures., State Governments cannot borrow, directly from foreign agencies., , Which of the above statements given above, is/are correct?, (a) 1 only, (b) 2 only, (c) Both 1 and 2, (d) Neither 1 nor 2, 7., , Which of the following statements, regarding Inter-State Council is, correct?, 1., , It is a permanent Constitutional body., , 2., , It ha was established by the 7th, Constitutional Amendment Act., , 3., , The Prime minister is its ex officio, chairperson., , The seat of the North Eastern Council, is at Guwahati., , Which of the above statements given above, is/are correct?, (a) 1 only, (b) 2, 3, and 4 only, (c) 1, 2, and 3 only, (d) 1, 2, 3, and 4, 10. Consider the following statements:, 1., , The Commission recommended the, Goods and Services Tax., , 2., , It recommended that the Governor, should, be removed either, by, impeachment or by resolution in the, state assembly., , 3., , It recommended that the Centre should, consult states before introducing bills, on items in the concurrent list through, the inter-state council., , Which of the following Commissions made, the above recommendations?, (a) Rajamannar Committee, (b) Sarkaria Commission, , (a) 1 only, , (c) Punchhi Commission, , (b) 1 and 3 only, , (d) 2nd Administrative Reforms, Commission, , (d) 2 and 3 only, Article 301 of the Indian Constitution, is related to, (a) Right to Property, (b) Inter-state water disputes, (c) Inter-state trade and commerce, (d) International Trade and Commerce, 9., , 4., , Select the correct option using the codes, given below:, , (c) 2 only, , 8., , [133], , Consider the following statements, regarding the Zonal Councils in India:, 1., 2., , 3., , The Zonal Councils are the statutory, bodies., , 11. With which of the following countries,, India has signed the ‘Red Fort, Declaration of March 1997’ and the, ‘Tshwane Declaration of October, 2006’?, (a) Brazil, (b) South Africa, (c) Japan, (d) South Korea, 12. ‘Future of Work’ is an initiative of, (a) World Economic Forum, , These have been set up by the, Governments on the recommendations, of the Sarkaria Commission., , (b) World Trade Organization, , The Prime Minister is the ex officio, chairperson of these Councils., , (d) United Nations Economic and Social, Commission for Asia and the Pacific, , (c) International Labour Organization

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857, , 134 BK IAS PT 2022 POLITY & CONSTITUTION, , 13. Which of the following, incorrectly matched?, 1., , pairs, , 8574308854, 9717108622, , is, , World Competitiveness Ranking:, International Institute for Management, and Development, , 2., , Global talent competitiveness index:, World Economic Forum, , 3., , The Democracy Index: Transparency, International, , (c) Both 1 and 2, (d) Neither 1 nor 2, 17. With regard to Legislative Relations, between Union and states, consider, the following statements:, 1., , The State law, that has been reserved, for the assent of President and received, his assent, can prevail over the law, made by the Parliament for the whole, country., , 2., , The Constitution expressly secures, the predominance of Union List and, Concurrent List over the State List., , 3., , All the matters enumerated in the State, List can be introduced in Legislature, without prior sanction from Union or, the President., , Select the correct option using the codes, given below:, (a) 1 only, (b) 1 and 3 only, (c) 2 and 3 only, (d) 1, 2, and 3, 14. ‘Room for the River’, the model that, inspired Kerala, is a flagship project of, which of the following countries?, (a) Switzerland, (b) France, , Which of the above statements is/are, correct?, (a) 1 only, , (c) The Netherlands, , (b) 2 and 3 only, , (d) Belgium, 15. Which of the following countries has, the largest Exclusive Economic Zones, in the Indo-Pacific region?, (a) France, (b) Britain, (c) The United States, , (c) 2 only, (d) 1, 2 and 3, 18. Under which of the following, circumstances can the Union make, laws on items in the state list?, 1., , When a proclamation of Financial, Emergency is in place., , 2., , To give effect to an international, agreement., , 3., , When a State request the Parliament, to legislate on a matter of national, importance., , 4., , If Rajya Sabha initiates a resolution, with a simple majority and declares, that a subject is of national interest., , (d) Australia, 16. Regarding the mutual delegation, of function between the Centre and, the State, consider the following, statements:, 1., , 2., , A law made by the Parliament on a, subject of the Union List can confer, powers and impose duties on a state., The same thing can be done by the, state legislature also after taking the, consent of the Centre., The Centre cannot delegate, legislative powers to the states., , its, , Which of the above statements is/are, incorrect?, , Select the correct answer using the codes, given here:, (a) 1, 2 and 3 only, (b) 2 only, , (a) 1 only, , (c) 1, 3 and 4 only, , (b) 2 only, , (d) 2 and 3 only

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BK IAS ACADEMY PT 2022, 19. Consider the following statements, with reference to the Inter-State Water, dispute:, 1., , It is in the Concurrent List., , 2., , Parliament can provide that not even, the Supreme Court shall exercise, jurisdiction over any such dispute., , 3., , The Constitution provides for the, formation of a separate tribunal to deal, with such cases., , Which of the above statements is/are, correct?, (a) 1 and 3 only, , [135], Select the correct answer using the code, given below:, (a) 1 only, (b) 2 only, (c), , (d) Neither 1 nor 2, 22. Which of the following statements is/, are correct as per the revised Economic, Capital Framework of Reserve Bank of, India (RBI)?, 1., , The objective of the Economic Capital, Framework is to build harmony, between the central bank’s need for, autonomy and the Government’s, objectives of the development., , 2., , Some of the recommendations of the, Bimal Jalan panel have been accepted, by the RBI., , (b) 2 only, (c) 1 and 2 only, (d) 2 and 3 only, 20. Article 301 declares that trade,, commerce and intercourse throughout, the territory of India shall be free., Consider the following statements, regarding this:, 1., , 2., , The freedom under this provision is, confined to inter-state trade, commerce, and intercourse and does not extends, to intra-state trade, commerce and, intercourse., The legislature of a state can impose, reasonable restrictions on the freedom, of trade, commerce and intercourse, with that state or within that state in, public interest but only with the prior, consent of the Governor., , Select the correct answer using the code, given below:, (a) 1 only, (b) 2 only, (c) Both 1 and 2, (d) Neither 1 nor 2, 21. Which of the following statements is/, are correct regarding the recently, launched, Fit India Movement?, 1. Prime Minister of India has launched it, on the occasion of National Sports, Day., 2., , National Sports Day is celebrated, on 29th August, on the birth anniversary, of hockey legend Udham Singh., , Both 1 and 2, , Select the correct answer using the code, given below:, (a) 1 only, (b) 2 only, (c) Both 1 and 2, (d) Neither 1 nor 2, 23. Consider the following statements, regarding Electronic Cigarettes:, 1., , The Commerce Ministry has put a, blanket ban on the import of Electronic, cigarettes., , 2., , They contain vegetable glycerine,, propylene glycol but does not contain, tobacco., , 3., , They fall within the ambit of the, Cigarettes and Other Tobacco Products, (Prohibition of Advertisement and, Regulation of Trade and Commerce,, Production, Supply and Distribution), Act, 2003., , Which of the above statements is/are, incorrect?, (a) 1 and 3 only, (b) 1 and 2 only, (c) 2 and 3 only, (d) 1, 2 and 3

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857, , 136 BK IAS PT 2022 POLITY & CONSTITUTION, , 24. Consider the following statements, regarding child well-being index:, 1., , This Report is released by UNICEF., , 2., , Kerala topped the chart in the child, well-being index., , 3., , The index captures the performance of, each state and union territories also., , 8574308854, 9717108622, , 1., , A gravitational lens is a distribution, of matter such as a cluster of galaxies, between a distant light source and an, observer that is capable of bending, the light from the source as the light, travels towards the observer., , 2., , Amount of bending is one of the, predictions of Newton’s Corpuscular, theory of light., , Which of the above statements is/are, correct?, , Which of the above statements is/are, correct?, , (a) 1 and 2 only, (b) 2 and 3 only, (c) 1 and 3 only, , (a) 1 only, , (d) 1,2 and 3, , (b) 2 only, , 25. Consider the following Statements, regarding Gravitational Lensing, , (c) Both of them, (d) None of the above, , **********

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BK IAS ACADEMY PT 2022, , [137], , ANSWER HINTS, DAY - 13, , 1., , Correct Option: (d), , •, , Such a law can be amended or repealed, only by the Parliament and not by the, legislatures of the concerned states., , •, , On the other hand, the state legislature, ceases to have the power to make a law, with respect to that matter., , •, , Some examples of laws passed under the, above provision are, , •, , Prize Competition Act, 1955; Wild Life, (Protection) Act, 1972; Water (Prevention, and Control of Pollution) Act, 1974; Urban, Land (Ceiling and Regulation) Act, 1976;, and Transplantation of Human Organs, Act, 1994., , Explanation:, Residuary powers, •, , •, , The residuary powers have been, granted to the Union contrary to the, convention in other federations of the, world, where the residuary powers are, given to the States., , •, , However, in case of any conflict,, whether a particular matter falls, under the residuary power or not is to, be decided by the court., , •, , •, , 2., , Apart from the three legislative subject lists, (Union, State, and Concurrent), there are, also some subject of the national interests, viz. residuary power., , 3., , Correct Option: (c), Explanation:, , The Constitution follows the scheme of the, Government of India 1935 Act but with, one difference, that is, under this act, the, residuary powers were given neither to the, federal legislature nor to the provincial, legislature but to the governor-general of, India., , Centre-State Relations, , In this respect, India follows the, Canadian precedent., , •, , During a National Emergency, the, Parliament acquires the power to legislate, with respect to matters in the State List,, but the state legislature can also make, laws on the state lists. However, in case, of repugnancy between a state law and a, parliamentary law, the latter is to prevail., , •, , When Rajya Sabha Passes a Resolution, using Article 249, then the Parliament, becomes competent to make laws on the, state lists., , •, , The resolution remains in force for one year;, it can be renewed any number of times but, not exceeding one year at a time., , •, , The laws cease to have effect on the, expiration of six months after the, resolution has ceased to be in force., , Correct Option: (a), Explanation:, Article 252, •, , •, , •, , Under the Article, if the legislatures of two, or more states pass resolutions requesting, the Parliament to enact laws on a matter, in the State List, then the Parliament can, make laws for regulating that matter., A law so enacted applies only to, those states which have passed the, resolutions., However, any other state may adopt it, afterward by passing a resolution to, that effect in its legislature., , 4., , Correct Option: (c), Explanation:, Centre-State Relations, •, , The distribution of executive power,, in general, follows the distribution of

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857, , 138 BK IAS PT 2022 POLITY & CONSTITUTION, , 8574308854, 9717108622, , guarantee has been given by the Centre., , legislative powers. But, such a rigid, division in the executive sphere may lead, to occasional conflicts between the two., , 5., , •, , Hence, the Constitution provides for intergovernment, delegation, of executive, functions in order to mitigate rigidity and, avoid a situation of deadlock., , •, , Accordingly, the President may, with, the consent of the state government,, entrust to that government any of the, executive functions of the Centre., , •, , Conversely, the Governor of a, State may, with the consent of the, Central government, entrust to that, government any of the executive, functions of the state., , •, , This mutual delegation of administrative, functions, may be conditional or, unconditional., , Correct Option: (a), Explanation:, Seventh Schedule of Indian Constitution, , •, Under the seventh schedule of the, Constitution of India Union list has the subject, ‘Stock exchanges and futures markets’ under, entry 48., , 6., , •, , Under the seventh schedule of the, constitution of India Concurrent list has, the subject ‘Forests’ under the entry 17A., , •, , Under the seventh schedule of the, constitution of India Union list has the, subject ‘Insurance’ under entry 47., , •, , Under the seventh schedule of constitution, of India Union list has the subject ‘Marriage, and Divorce; infants and minors; adoption;, wills, intestacy and succession; joint family, and partition; all matters in respect of, which parties in judicial proceedings were, immediately before the commencement of, this Constitution subject to their personal, law’ under the entry 5., , 7., , •, , The Union Cabinet in 2017 has, approved the, policy, guidelines, to allow financially sound State, Government entities to, borrow, directly from bilateral ODA (Official, development Assistance) partners for, implementation of vital infrastructure, projects., , •, , The guidelines will facilitate the State, Government entities to directly borrow, from the external bilateral funding agencies, subject to fulfilment of certain conditions, and all repayments of loans and interests, to the funding agencies will be directly, remitted by the concerned borrower., , •, , The concerned State Government will, furnish guarantee for the Loan. The, Government of India will provide counter, guarantee for the loan., , Correct Option: (b), Explanation:, Inter-State Council, •, , Article 263 contemplates the establishment, of an Inter-State Council to effect, coordination between the states and, between Centre and states. But until, 1990, it had not been established by the, Government of India., , •, , In pursuance of the recommendations, of the Sarkaria Commission, the, Government headed by established, the Inter-State Council in 1990., , •, , It is a permanent Constitutional body,, established by the President and, consists of:, , ➤ Prime, , minister, Chairperson, , ➤, , ➤ Administrators of union territories, not having legislative assemblies, , ➤ Governors of States under President’s, , Borrowing by the States, , •, , A state cannot raise any loan without, the consent of the Centre if there is still, outstanding any part of a loan made to the, state by the Centre or in respect of which a, , Chief ministers of all the states, having legislative assemblies, , Explanation:, , State government can borrow within India, upon the security of the Consolidated Fund, of the State or can give guarantees, but, both within the limits fixed by the, legislature of that state., , the, , ➤ Chief ministers of union territories, , Correct Option: (a), , •, , as, , rule, •, , Six Central cabinet ministers, including, the home minister, to be nominated by the, Prime Minister., , •, , Five Ministers of Cabinet rank / Minister, of State (independent charge) nominated, by the Chairman of the Council (i.e., Prime, Minister) are permanent invitees to the, Council.

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BK IAS ACADEMY PT 2022, •, , 8., , [139], , The council is a recommendatory body on, issues relating to inter-state, Center-state, and Centre–union territories relations. It, aims at promoting coordination between, them by examining, discussing and, deliberating on such issues., , •, , The Southern Zonal Council, comprising, the States of Andhra Pradesh, Karnataka,, Kerala, Tamil Nadu and the Union, Territory of Puducherry., , •, , The North Eastern States i.e. (i) Assam, (ii) Arunachal Pradesh (iii) Manipur (iv), Tripura (v) Mizoram (vi) Meghalaya and, (vii) Nagaland are not included in the, Zonal Councils and their special problems, are looked after by the North Eastern, Council, set up under the North Eastern, Council Act, 1972. The State of Sikkim has, also been included in the North Eastern, Council vide North Eastern Council, (Amendment) Act, 2002., , •, , The seat of the North Eastern Council, is at Shillong., , Correct Option: (c), Explanation:, Inter-state trade and commerce, , 9., , •, , Articles 301 to 307 in Part XIII of the, Constitution deal with the trade, commerce, and intercourse within the territory of, India., , •, , Article 301 declares that trade,, commerce and intercourse throughout, the territory of India shall be free., , •, , The object of this provision is to break, down the border barriers between the, states and to create one unit with a view to, encourage the free flow of trade, commerce, and intercourse in the country., , 10. Correct Option: (c), Explanation:, Punchhi Commission, •, , The Second Commission on Centre-State, Relations was set-up by the Government of, India in April 2007 under the Chairmanship, of Madan Mohan Punchhi, former Chief, Justice of India which submitted its reports, in 2010 and made 310 recommendations., , •, , Some of the recommendations are:, , Correct Option: (a), Explanation:, Zonal Councils, •, , •, , •, •, , •, , •, , •, , These are the statutory, established, under, the, Reorganisation Act 1956., , bodies, States, , Each zonal council consists of the, following members: (a) home minister, of Central government as the ex, officio chairperson, (b) chief ministers, of all the States in the zone, (c) Two other, ministers from each state in the zone, (d), Administrator of each union territory in, the zone., , ➤ The Commission recommended, that the Centre should consult, states before introducing bills, on items in the concurrent list, through the inter-state council., , ➤ On the question of dismissal of a, Chief Minister, the Governor should, invariably insist on the Chief Minister, proving his majority on the floor of the, House for which he should prescribe a, time limit., , The present composition of each of these, Zonal Councils is as under:, , ➤ In case of appointment, , The Northern Zonal Council, comprising, the States of Haryana, Himachal Pradesh,, Jammu & Kashmir, Punjab, Rajasthan,, National Capital Territory of Delhi and, Union Territory of Chandigarh;, , ➤ There should be clear guidelines on, , The Central Zonal Council, comprising, the States of Chhattisgarh, Uttarakhand,, Uttar Pradesh and Madhya Pradesh;, , ➤ A pre-poll alliance to be regarded as, , The Eastern Zonal Council, comprising, the States of Bihar, Jharkhand, Orissa,, Sikkim and West Bengal;, The Western Zonal Council, comprising, the States of Goa, Gujarat, Maharashtra, and the Union Territories of Daman & Diu, and Dadra & Nagar Haveli;, , chief ministers, the, recommended that:, , of state, Commission, , the chief ministers’ appointment so, that the discretionary powers of the, governor are limited in this regard., one political party., , ➤ Order of precedence to form the state, government is:, , » The group/alliance with the largest, pre-poll alliance with the highest, number., , » The single largest party with, support from others.

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857, , 140 BK IAS PT 2022 POLITY & CONSTITUTION, , 8574308854, 9717108622, , » The post-poll alliance with a few, parties joining the government., , •, , After South Africa achieved democracy in, 1994, it was the Red Fort Declaration on, Strategic Partnership between India, and South Africa, signed in March, 1997., , •, , This Strategic Partnership between the, two countries was again re-affirmed in the, Tshwane Declaration (October 2006)., , •, , Both these countries are also co-operating, with each other in multilateral platforms, like IBSA, BRICS, G20, and the World, Trade Organisation., , » The post-poll alliance with a few, , parties joining the government and, remaining including independents, giving outside support., , •, , In case of the appointments and removal of, the governors:, , ➤ The Doctrine of Pleasure should be, deleted from the Constitution., , ➤ Only a resolution by the state, legislature, governor., , should, , remove, , the, , ➤ It supported the right of the governor, to sanction the prosecution of ministers, against the state government’s, advice., , 12. Correct Option: (c), Explanation:, Future of Work Initiative, •, , It was launched by the International, Labour Organisation in 2015 in, order to understand and to respond, effectively to the new challenges posed, by the changes that the world of work, is undergoing., , •, , Recently, released by the, Global, Commission on the Future of Work, set up, under the Future of Work Initiative., , ➤ It recommended that there be, provision for the impeachment, of the governor by the state, legislature., , ➤ The, , Commission, also, recommended, for, the, Goods, and Services Tax. It recommend, the adoption of the dual GST to be, levied by the Centre and the States, concurrently on a common base, with fewer exemptions. Exemptions, may be limited to unprocessed, food services rendered by the, governmental organizations and local, bodies. All area-based exemptions, should be replaced by cash subsidy, linked to investment. The aggregate, GST base should be large enough to, permit lower rates. The EC may work, towards building up consensus in this, direction, , 13. Correct Option: (a), Explanation:, Indices and Ranking, •, , The global talent competitiveness, index is published by INSEAD in, partnership with the Adecco Group, and Tata Communications. India was, in 80th position (out of 125) in 2019., , •, , World Competitiveness Rankings is, published by International Institute, for Management and Development,, Switzerland. India was at 43rd position in, 2019 while Singapore is the on the top., , •, , The Democracy Index is an index, compiled bythe Economist Intelligence, Unit (EIU), a UK-based company., , •, , India (ranked 41 ) ranks below the US, (ranked 25th) and other so-called ‘flawed, democracies’ like Italy, France, Botswana, and South Africa in the Democracy Index, 2018., , 11. Correct Option: (b), Explanation:, India- South Africa, •, , •, , India’s relationship with South Africa, is both fundamental and unique, dating, back several centuries and is anchored in, common ideals, ideas, interests, and icons –, like Mahatma Gandhi and Nelson Mandela., However, their bilateral relationship, remained strained for a long time due to, South Africa’s apartheid government., In May 1993, a Cultural Center was, opened in Johannesburg. In November, 1993, diplomatic and consular relations, were restored during the visit of the South, African Foreign Minister Pik Botha to, India., , 14. Correct Option: (c), Explanation:, Room for the River, •, , It is a flagship project of the Dutch, government, centered on protecting areas, adjoining rivers from routine flooding and

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BK IAS ACADEMY PT 2022, , [141], , improving water management systems in, delta regions., •, , Kerala, which had witnessed the century’s, worst floods recently, is to incorporate the, model for flood control in the Kuttanad, region., , the executive functions of the Centre., Conversely, the Governor of a State may,, with the consent of the Central government,, entrust to that government any of the, executive functions of the state., •, , This mutual delegation of administrative, functions may be conditional or, unconditional., , •, , The Constitution also makes a, provision for the entrustment of the, executive functions of the Centre to, a state without the consent of that, state. But, in this case, the delegation, is by the Parliament and not by the, president., , •, , Thus, a law made by the Parliament on, a subject of the Union List can confer, powers and impose duties on a state, or, authorize the conferring of powers and, imposition of duties by the Centre upon, a state (irrespective of the consent of the, state concerned). Notably, the same, thing cannot be done by the state, legislature., , •, , From the above, it is clear that the mutual, delegation of functions between the Centre, and the state can take place either under, an agreement or by legislation. While the, Centre can use both methods, a state can, use only the first method., , 15. Correct Option: (a), Explanation:, Largest EEZ in the Indo-Pacific region, •, , France, due to its numerous overseas, departments and territories scattered, all over the oceans, has the largest, EEZ in the Indo-Pacific region but also, in the world., , •, , The total area of the French Republic’s EEZ, is 4,514,000 sq mi, which is about 8% of the, world’s exclusive economic zones, while the, country’s land area represents only 0.45%, of the world’s land area., , •, , The United States has the world’s, second-largest EEZ, which includes areas, in the Caribbean Sea, the Gulf of Mexico, and three oceans. The United States EEZ, occupies an area of about 4,383,000sq mi, which is about 7.77% of the world’s total, EEZ area., , •, , •, , Australia has the third-largest EEZ,, which occupies an area of about 3,283,933, sq mi., Russia and the United Kingdom are at 4 th, and 5th place correspondingly., , 16. Correct Option: (a), Explanation:, , 17. Correct Option: (c), Explanation:, Legislative Relations between Union and, States, •, , In case of a conflict between the Central law, and the state law on a subject enumerated, in the Concurrent List, the Central law, prevails over state law. But, there is, an exception. If the state law has been, reserved for the consideration of the, president and has received his assent,, then the state law prevails in that, state. But, it would still be competent for, the Parliament to override such a law by, subsequently making a law on the same, matter., , •, , The Constitution expressly secures the, predominance of the Union List over the, State List and the Concurrent List and that, of the Concurrent List over the State List., Thus, in case of overlapping between the, Union List and the State List, the former, should prevail. In case of overlapping, between the Union List and the Concurrent, List, it is again the former which should, prevail. Where there is a conflict between, the Concurrent List and the State List, it, is the former that should prevail., , Mutual Delegation of Functions, •, , The distribution of legislative powers, between the Centre and the States is, rigid. Consequently, the Centre cannot, delegate its legislative powers to the, states and a single state cannot request, the Parliament to make a law on a state, subject., , •, , The distribution of executive power,, in general, follows the distribution of, legislative powers. But, such a rigid, division in the executive sphere may, lead to occasional conflicts between the, two. Hence, the Constitution provides for, inter-government delegation of executive, functions in order to mitigate rigidity and, avoid a situation of deadlock., , •, , Accordingly, the President may, with, the consent of the state government,, entrust to that government any of

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857, , 142 BK IAS PT 2022 POLITY & CONSTITUTION, , •, , 8574308854, 9717108622, , legislatures of the concerned states. The, effect of passing a resolution under the, above provision is that the Parliament, becomes entitled to legislate with respect, to a matter for which it has no power to, make a law. On the other hand, the state, legislature ceases to have the power to, make a law with respect to that matter., The resolution operates as abdication, or surrender of the power of the state, legislature with respect to that matter, and it is placed entirely in the hands of, Parliament which alone can then legislate, with respect to it., , The bills on certain matters (and not, all matters) in the State List can be, introduced in the State Legislature, only with the previous sanction, of the President (For example bills, imposing restriction on freedom of trade &, commerce., , 18. Correct Option: (b), Explanation:, Parliamentary Legislation in the State, Field, •, , •, , •, , •, , Constitution empowers the Parliament, to make laws on any matter enumerated, in the State List under the following five, extraordinary circumstances:, When Rajya Sabha Passes a Resolution:, If the Rajya Sabha declares that it is, necessary for the national interest that, Parliament should make laws on a matter, in the State List, then the Parliament, becomes competent to make laws on, that matter. Such a resolution must be, supported by two-thirds of the members, present and voting. The resolution remains, in force for one year; it can be renewed any, number of times but not exceeding one, year at a time. The laws cease to have an, effect on the expiration of six months after, the resolution has ceased to be in force., This provision does not restrict the power, of a state legislature to make laws on the, same matter. But, in case of inconsistency, between state law and a parliamentary, law, the latter is to prevail., During a National Emergency: The, Parliament acquires the power to legislate, with respect to matters in the State List,, while a proclamation of national emergency, is in operation. The laws become inoperative, on the expiration of six months after the, emergency has ceased to operate. Here also,, the power of a state legislature to make, laws on the same matter is not restricted., But, in case of repugnancy between state, law and parliamentary law, the latter is to, prevail., When States Make a Request: When, the legislatures of two or more states pass, resolutions requesting the Parliament to, enact laws on a matter in the State List,, then the Parliament can make laws for, regulating that matter. A law so enacted, applies only to those states which have, passed the resolutions. However, any other, state may adopt it afterward by passing a, resolution to that effect in its legislature., Such a law can be amended or repealed, only by the Parliament and not by the, , •, , To, Implement, International, Agreements: The Parliament can make, laws on any matter in the State List for, implementing the international treaties,, agreements or conventions. This provision, enables the Central government, to, fulfill its international obligations and, commitments. Some examples of laws, enacted under the above provision are the, United Nations (Privileges and Immunities), Act, 1947; Geneva Convention Act, 1960;, Anti-Hijacking Act, 1982 and legislations, relating to environment and TRIPS., , •, , During President’s Rule: When the, President’s rule is imposed in a state, the, Parliament becomes empowered to make, laws with respect to any matter in the, State List in relation to that state. A law, made so by the Parliament continues to be, operative even after the president’s rule., This means that the period for which such, a law remains in force is not co-terminus, with the duration of the President’s rule., But, such a law can be repealed or altered, or re-enacted by the state legislature., , •, , If Rajya Sabha initiates a resolution with, the special majority and declares that a, subject is of national interest. (Under Art, 249)., , 19. Correct Option: (b), Explanation:, Inter-State Water Dispute, •, , Interstate water disputes are part of The, Union List under the Seventh Schedule of, the constitution., , •, , The Constitution does not provide, for the formation of special tribunals, for the adjudication of, inter-state, water disputes. Rather Article 262 of the, Constitution provides for the adjudication, of inter-state water disputes.

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BK IAS ACADEMY PT 2022, •, , [143], and intercourse. Thus, Article 301 will be, violated whether restrictions are imposed, at the frontier of any state or at any prior, or subsequent stage., , In case of disputes, Article 262 provides:, , ➤ Parliament may by law provide, for the adjudication of any dispute, or complaint with respect to the, use, distribution or control of the, waters of, or in, any inter-State, river or river valley., , •, , ➤ Under this provision, the Parliament, has enacted two laws i.e. the River, Boards Act (1956) and the Inter-State, Water Disputes Act (1956)., , ➤ Parliament can impose restrictions, , ➤ The Inter-State Water Disputes Act, , on the freedom of trade, commerce, and intercourse between the states, or within a state in public interest., But, the Parliament cannot give, preference to one state over another, or discriminate between the states, except in the case of scarcity of goods, in any part of India., , empowers the Central government, to set up an ad hoc tribunal for the, adjudication of a dispute between two, or more states in relation to the waters, of an inter-state river or river valley., , ➤ The decision of the tribunal would, be final and binding on the parties, to the dispute. Neither the Supreme, Court nor any other court is to have, jurisdiction in respect of any water, dispute which may be referred to as, such a tribunal under this Act., , ➤ The legislature of a state can, impose reasonable restrictions on, the freedom of trade, commerce, and intercourse with that state or, within that state in public interest., But, a bill for this purpose can, be introduced in the legislature, only with the previous sanction, of the President. Further, the state, legislature cannot give preference to, one state over another or discriminate, between the states., , ➤ Notwithstanding, anything in this, Constitution, Parliament may, by law, provide that neither the Supreme, Court nor any other court shall, exercise jurisdiction in respect of, any such dispute or complaint as is, referred to in Clause (1)., , ➤ Entry 56 of Union list enables the, Union to deal with interstate rivers if, Parliament legislates for this purpose., It states that “Regulation and, development of inter-State rivers and, river valleys to the extent to which, such regulation and development, under the control of the Union is, declared by Parliament by law to be, expedient in the public interest.”, , ➤ The legislature of a state can impose, on goods imported from other states, or the union territories any tax to, which similar goods manufactured, in that state are, subject., This, provision prohibits the imposition of, discriminatory taxes by the state., , ➤ The freedom (under Article 301) is, subject to the nationalisation laws (i.e.,, laws providing for monopolies in favour, of the Centre or the states). Thus, the, Parliament or the state legislature can, make laws for the carrying on by the, respective government of any trade,, business, industry or service, whether, to the exclusion, complete or partial,, of citizens or otherwise., , 20. Correct Option: (d), Explanation:, Inter-State Trade And Commerce, •, , •, , Article 301 declares that trade, commerce, and intercourse throughout the territory, of India shall be free. The object of this, provision is to break down the border, barriers between the states and to create, one unit with a view to encourage the free, flow of trade, commerce and intercourse in, the country., The freedom under this provision, is not confined to inter-state trade,, commerce and intercourse but also, extends to intra-state trade, commerce, , The freedom guaranteed by Article 301, is a freedom from all restrictions, except, those which are provided for in the other, provisions (Articles 302 to 305) of Part, XIII of the Constitution itself. These are, explained below:, , 21. Correct Option: (a), Explanation:, •, , Statement 2 is incorrect: National, Sports Day is celebrated on the birth, anniversary of hockey legend Major, Dhyan Chand.

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857, , 144 BK IAS PT 2022 POLITY & CONSTITUTION, , 8574308854, 9717108622, , Supplementary Notes:, , ➤ The report has also removed the, interim payout structure in general, circumstances., , Fit India Movement, •, , •, , Prime Minister has launched nationwide Fit India Movement on the, occasion of National Sports Day., Fit India Movement aims to motivate every, Indian to incorporate simple, easy ways of, staying fit in their everyday life., , National Sports Day, •, , It is celebrated on 29 August, on, the birth anniversary of hockey, legend Major Dhyan Chand., , •, , On this Day, President confers the National, Sports Awards, National Adventure, Awards, Arjuna Award, Khel Ratna,, Dronacharya Award and Dhyanchand, Award to recognise the exceptional, achievements of Indian sportspersons., , ➤ All the recommendations of the, panel have been accepted by, RBI., , 23. Correct Option: (a), Explanation:, •, , Statement 1 is incorrect: In the absence, of a domestic legislation, it would not, be possible to put a blanket ban on its, imports., , •, , Statement 2 is correct: Electronic, cigarettes do not contain tobacco., , Supplementary Notes:, Electronic Cigarette, •, , 22. Correct Option: (a), Explanation:, Supplementary Notes:, RBI Economic Capital Framework, •, , •, , Recently, the Reserve Bank of India, (RBI) accepted the recommendations, of Bimal Jalan panel; set up to review, the RBI’s Economic Capital Framework., , The objective of the economic capital, framework is to build harmony, between the central bank’s need for, autonomy and the Government’s, objectives of the development., , •, , The, Bimal, Jalan-led, recommended, holistic, risk, frameworks to assess the adequacy, reserves. Some recommendations, committee are:, , panel, capital, of RBI, of the, , •, , ➤ It recommended a review of the, RBI’s Economic Capital Framework, (ECF) every five years., , ➤ The RBI’s accounting year of JulyJune can be brought in sync with, the fiscal year of April-March from the, financial year 2020-21., , An electronic cigarette (or e-cig) is a, battery-powered vaporizer that mimics, tobacco smoking. It works by heating up, nicotine liquid, called “juice”., , ➤ Nicotine juice (or e-juice) comes in, various flavours and nicotine levels., , ➤, , E-liquid contains, vegetable, glycerine (a material used in all, types of food and personal care, products, like toothpaste) Propylene, glycol (a solvent most commonly used, in fog machines). Propylene glycol is, the ingredient that produces thicker, clouds of vapour., , •, , Proponents of e-cigs argue that the practice, is healthier than traditional cigarettes, because users are only inhaling water, vapour and nicotine., , •, , As e-cigarettes contain nicotine and, not tobacco, they do not fall within, the ambit of the Cigarettes and Other, Tobacco Products (Prohibition of, Advertisement and Regulation, of, Trade and Commerce, Production,, Supply and Distribution) Act, 2003, (COTPA), which mandates stringent, health warnings on the packaging and, advertisements of tobacco products., , ➤ RBI to maintain the Contingency Risk, Buffer (CRB), which is the country’s, fund to handle financial, stability, within the range of 5.5% to 6.5% of the, RBI’s balance sheet., , The Commerce Ministry has asked, the Health Ministry to frame a law, banning manufacture and sale of ecigarettes in the country as in the, absence of a domestic legislation, it, would not be possible to put a blanket, ban on its imports. E-cigarettes are set, to be banned entirely on grounds that they, are “drugs”., , Following these recommendations, RBI, decided to transfer Rs 1.76 lakh crore in, dividend and surplus reserves to the, government., , •, , the

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BK IAS ACADEMY PT 2022, , [145], , 24. Correct Option: (b), , •, , Explanation:, •, , Statement 1 is incorrect: The Report, is released by the non- government, organization World Vision India and, research institute IFMR LEAD., , Supplementary notes:, , 25. Correct Option: (a), Explanation:, , Child well-being index, •, , The report also emphasised on triggering, policy level changes, seek better budgetary, allocations and initiate discussions with all, stakeholders which can help in enhancing, the quality of life of all children in the, country., , •, , The India child well-being index is a, crucial report that can be mined both by, the Government and civil organisations to, achieve the goal of child well-being and we, will use this report effectively., , •, , This report provides insights on health,, nutrition, education, and sanitation and, child protection., , •, , The dimensions of the index include, healthy individual development, positive, relationships and protective contexts., , •, , Focusing on the three key dimensions, 24, indicators were selected to develop the, computation of the child well-being index., , •, , The index captures the performance of each, state and union territory on a composite, child well-being score., , •, , Kerala, Tamil Nadu, Himachal Pradesh, and Puducherry topped the charts in the, child well-being index., , •, , Meghalaya, Jharkhand and, Pradesh featured at the bottom., , Statement 2 is incorrect: Amount of, bending is one of the predictions of Albert, Einstein’s general theory of relativity., , Supplementary notes:, Gravitational Lensing, •, , A gravitational lens is a distribution of, matter (such as a cluster of galaxies), between a distant light source and an, observer that is capable of bending the, light from the source as the light travels, towards the observer. This effect is known, as gravitational lensing., , •, , Amount of bending is one of the predictions, of Albert Einstein’s general theory of, relativity., , •, , The phenomenon occurs when a huge, amount of matter, such as a massive galaxy, or cluster of galaxies, creates a gravitational, field that distorts and magnifies the light, from objects behind it, but in the same line, of sight., , Madhya, , •, , •, , Among the union territories, Puducherry, led the way and Dadra and Nagar Haveli, featured at the other end., , These large celestial objects will magnify, the light from distant galaxies that are at, or near the peak of star formation., , •, , •, , The report has called for states to look at, their respective scores on the dimensions of, child well-being and to prepare for priority, areas of intervention with specific plans of, action., , Gravitational lensing is useful to, cosmologists because it is directly sensitive, to the amount and distribution of dark, matter., , •, , Lensing can therefore help astronomers, work out exactly how much dark matter, there is in the Universe as a whole, and, also how it is distributed., , **********

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857, , 146 BK IAS PT 2022 POLITY & CONSTITUTION, , 8574308854, 9717108622, , TEST, DAY - 14, Time Allowed: 30 mins, , 1., , Maximum Marks: 50, , Which of the following decides the, question of disqualification of a, member of the Parliament, arising on, the ground of defection?, , (b) 2 only, , (a) Election Commission, , (d) 1, 2, and 4 only, , (b) Supreme Court, , (a) 4 only, (c) 3 and 4 only, 4., , (c) President of India, (d) Presiding Officer of the House, 2., , Consider the following statements, regarding Association for Democratic, Reforms:, 1. It is a non-governmental organization,, founded in 1999., 2., , 3., , 2., 3., , It was established by a group of, professors from the Indian Institute of, Management Ahmedabad., , Every major party in India advocates, Gandhism., Only a few parties have declared itself, as the ‘public authority’ under the, Right to Information Act, 2005., , Which of the above statements is/are correct?, , The concept of electoral bonds was, introduced by it., , (a) 2 only, (b) 2 and 3 only, , Which of the above statements is/are correct?, , (c) 1 and 2 only, , (a) 1 and 2 only, , (d) 1, 2, and 3, , (b) 3 only, (c) 2 only, (d) 1 and 3 only, 3., , Consider the following statements, regarding the nature of the political, parties in India:, 1. Except for the communist parties, all, other parties do not have a clear-cut, ideology., , Consider the following statements, regarding the use of the Electronic, Voting Machines in India:, 1. EVMs were first used in Assembly, Constituency of Kerala in 1982., 2. EVMs do not run where there is no, electricity., 3. The EVMs have been devised and, designed by the Indian Public Sector, undertakings., 4., , VVPATs with EVMs were used for the, first time in Nagaland., , Which of the above statements is/are, incorrect?, , 5., , Consider the following statements, regarding the election in India:, 1. Article 324 provides equality in the, removal of the election commissioners., 2., , 3., , In the T.N. Seshan ECI vs Union, of India case, the Supreme Court, ruled that the CEC is first among the, equals., The Model Code of Conduct was, introduced for the first time in the 1991, General Election., , Which of the, incorrect?, (a) 2 only, (b) 1 and 3 only, (c) 1 and 3 only, (d) 1, 2, and 3, , above, , statements, , are

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BK IAS ACADEMY PT 2022, 6., , [147], , Which of the following pressure/, interest groups was (were) founded, before the Indian independence?, 1. Jamaat-e-Islami, , 1., , 2., , All India Trade Union Congress, , 3., , 3., , All India Students Federation, , 4., , ASSOCHAM, , Select the correct option using the codes, given below:, (a) 1 only, , Which of the following statements, regardingthe Competition Commission, of India is correct?, 1. It is a statutory body responsible for, enforcing the Competition Act, 2013., Its aim is to prevent monopoly as well, as cartelization of the Indian economy., , (a) 1 only, (b) 2 only, (c) Both 1 and 2, (d) Neither 1 nor 2, Consider the following statements, regarding the National Financial, Reporting Authority:, 1. It has been established under the, Companies Act, 2013., 2., 3., , 4., , It is the auditor of auditors., It can impose sanctions as well as, penalties against defaulting auditors, and audit firms, Its powers extend, companies only., , (a) 2 only, , (d) 1, 2, and 3, , Select the correct option using the codes, given below:, , 8., , Select the correct option using the codes, given below:, , (c) 2 and 3 only, , (c) 2, 3, and 4, (d) 1, 2, 3, and 4, , 2., , It monitors the implementation of, Protection of Children from Sexual, Offences (POCSO) Act., , (b) 3 only, , (b) 2 and 4 only, , 7., , 2., , It is an executive body, set up by the, cabinet resolution., It defines the ‘child’ as a person in the, 0 to 18 years age group., , to, , the, , listed, , Which of the above statements are correct?, (a) 1 and 2 only, (b) 1, and 3 only, (c) 1, 2, and 3 only, (d) 2 and 4 only, 9. Which of the following statements, regarding the National Commission for, Protection of Child Rights is correct?, , 10. For which of the following purposes, the Justice G. Rohini Commission has, been constituted?, (a) Sub-categorization of Other Backward, Classes, (b) Sub-categorization, Castes, , of, , Scheduled, , (c) Reservations for Economic Weaker, Section, (d) Reservations for Marathas, 11. Consider the following statements, regarding the Geneva Convention:, 1. The origin of the Geneva Conventions, dates back to the Second World War., 2. All the Conventions and Protocols were, signed in 1949., 3. Any nation that has ratified the Geneva, Conventions but not the Protocols, are not bound by all provisions of the, Conventions., Which of the above statements is/are, incorrect?, (a) 3 only, (b) 1 and 2 only, (c) 2 and 3 only, (d) 1, 2, and 3, 12. Recently,, the, World, Health, Organization has designated the, year 2020 as the “Year of Nurse and, Midwife”, in honor of which of the, following personalities?, (a) Mother Teresa, (b) Florence Nightingale, (c) Harper Lee, (d) Dorothea Dix

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857, , 148 BK IAS PT 2022 POLITY & CONSTITUTION, , 13. Which of the following statements is, correct regarding the “Davos in the, desert”?, , 8574308854, 9717108622, , 3., 4., , (a) It is a branch office of the World, Economic Forum in Dubai., (b) It is used for the new International, football stadium in Doha for the next, FIFA world cup., (c) It is an initiative of Saudi Arabia to, diversify the country’s economy., (d) All of the above., 14. Consider the following countries:, 1. India, 2., , Japan, , 3., , Indonesia, , 4., , Thailand, , 5., , Singapore, , Which of the above countries is/are a part of, the Asian Tea Alliance?, (a) 1 and 2 only, (b) 1, 2, and 3 only, (c) 1, 2, 3, and 5 only, (d) 2, 3, 4, and 5 only, 15. Which of the following statements, regarding Greta Thunberg is/are, correct?, 1., , She is a Norwegian environmental, activist., , 2., , She is the youngest person to be named, as Time Person of the Year., , 3., , She has been awarded the “Alternative, Nobel Prize”., , Select the correct statements using the, codes given below:, , Liberal parties: Aim at reforming the, existing institutions, Radical parties: Aim at establishing a, new order by overthrowing the existing, institutions, , Select the correct option form the codes, given below:, (a) 1, 2, 3 and 4, (b) 2 and 3 only, (c) 1 and 2 only, (d) 3 and 4 only, 17. Regarding the Representation of the, People Act, 1950, which the following, statement is incorrect?, (a) It provides for the allocation of seats, in the House of the People and in the, Legislative Assemblies and Legislative, Councils of States., (b) It confers the powers on the Parliament, to delimit the various constituencies, after consultation with the Election, Commission., (c) It provides for the registration of electors, for Parliamentary, Constituencies, and for the Assembly and Council, Constituencies., (d) It also provides for the qualifications, and disqualifications for registration of, electors., 18. Consider the following statements:, 1. Notification of general elections, 2., , Registration of political parties, , 3., , Qualifications and disqualifications for, membership of Parliament and State, Legislatures, , 4., , Disputes regarding elections, , (b) 2 only, , Which of the following matters is/are, provided in the Representation of the, People Act, 1951?, , (c) 2 and 3 only, , (a) 1, 2 and 4 only, , (d) 1, 2, and 3, , (b) 1, 3 and 4 only, , (a) 1 and 3 only, , 16. hich of the following pairs is correctly, matched regarding the types of, political parties:, 1. Reactionary parties: Believe in the, status-quo, 2., , Conservative parties: Cling to the, old socio-economic and political, institutions, , (c) 1, 2 and 3 only, (d) 1, 2, 3 and 4, 19. Which of the following committee/s is/, are related to Electoral Reforms?, 1. J.S. Verma Committee, 2., , Prakash Singh Committee, , 3., , Indrajit Gupta Committee

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BK IAS ACADEMY PT 2022, Select the correct answer form the codes, given below:, (a) 1 only, (b) 1 and 2 only, (c) 1 and 3 only, , [149], (b) 2 only, (c) 3 only, (d) None of the above, 23. Consider the following:, List I, , (d) 3 only, 20. Regionalism is a subsidiary process of, political integration in India. Which, of the following events manifests, regionalism in India?, , List II, , 1., , Jeeraphool Rice, , Chhattisgarh, , 2., , Dindigul lock, , Tamil Nadu, , 3., , Kandangi Saree, , Uttar Pradesh, , 1., , Demand of the people of certain states, for secession from the Indian Union, , Which of the above given pairs is/are, correctly matched?, , 2., , Inter-state boundary disputes, , (a) 1 only, , 3., , Violent disputes and agitations over, the reservation policy, , (b) 1 and 2 only, , 4., , Emergence of pressure groups, , 5., , Sons of the soil theory, , Select the correct answer form the codes, given below:, (a) 1, 2 and 5 only, (b) 1, 2, 3, 4 and 5, (c) 1, 2, 4 and 5, , (c) 2 and 3 only, (d) 2 only, 24. Consider the following statements, regarding, the, World, Skills, Competition:, 1., , The 45th World Skills Competition is, being held at Beijing, China., , 2., , It is the biggest vocational education and, skills excellence event in the world., , (d) 1, 2, 3 and 4, 21. Which one of the following is a Legacy, Dispute Resolution scheme which, offers to those taxpayers who wish to, disclose any previously undisclosed, tax liability without any penalty or, prosecution?, (a) Sabka Vishwas Scheme, (b) KALIA Scheme, (c) PAHAL Scheme, (d) Pandit Deendayal Upadhyay Shramev, Jayate Yojana, 22. Consider the following statements, regarding the Project SURE:, 1. It aims to set a sustainable pathway, for India’s food industry., 2., , 3., , It was launched by Minsitry of, Environment, Forest and Climate, Change., It would help in reduction of carbon, emissions., , Which of the above statements is/are, correct?, (a) 1 and 2 only, , Which of the above statements is/are, correct?, (a) 1 only, (b) 2 only, (c) Both 1 and 2, (d) Neither 1 nor 2, 25. Consider the following Statements, regarding Open Acreage Licensing, Policy (OALP), 1., , Oil and gas acreages will be available, round the year instead of cyclic bidding, rounds as in NELP., , 2., , Setting up of National Data Repository, is one of the milestones achieved for, Open Acreage Licensing Policy., , Which of the above statements is/are, correct?, (a) 1 only, (b) 2 only, (c) Both of them, (d) None of the above

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857, , 150 BK IAS PT 2022 POLITY & CONSTITUTION, , 8574308854, 9717108622, , ANSWER HINTS, DAY - 14, , 1., , Correct Option: (d), , •, , Explanation:, Anti-Defection Law, •, , 2., , The 52nd Amendment Act of 1985 provided, for the disqualification of the members of, Parliament and the state legislatures on, the ground of defection from one political, party to another., , •, , For this purpose, it added a new Schedule, (the Tenth Schedule) to the Constitution., , •, , This act is often referred to as the AntiDefection Law., , •, , The question of disqualification of a, member of the Parliament, arising on, the ground of defection, is decided, by the Speaker/Chairperson of Lok, sabha/Rajya Sabha., , 3., , Correct Option: (b), Explanation:, Electronic Voting Machines in India, , Correct Option: (a), Explanation:, , •, , Electronic Voting Machine (EVM) is an, electronic device for recording votes. An, Electronic Voting Machine consists of two, Units – a Control Unit and a Balloting, Unit – joined by a five-meter cable., , •, , EVMs were first used in 70-Parur, Assembly Constituency of Kerala in, the year 1982., , •, , EVMs do not require electricity. EVMs, run on an ordinary battery assembled by, Bharat Electronics Limited/Electronics, Corporation of India Limited., , •, , The EVMs have been devised and designed, by the Technical Experts, Committee, (TEC) of the Election Commission in, collaboration with two Public Sector, undertakings viz., Bharat Electronics Ltd.,, Bangalore and Electronic Corporation, of India Ltd., Hyderabad. The EVMs, are manufactured by the above two, undertakings., , •, , Voter Verifiable Paper Audit Trail (VVPAT), is an independent system attached with, the Electronic Voting Machines that allows, the voters to verify that their votes are cast, as intended., , •, , VVPAT too runs on a power pack Battery., , •, , VVPATs with EVMs were used for the, first time in a bye-election from 51Noksen (ST) Assembly Constituency, of Nagaland., , Association for Democratic Reforms (ADR), •, , The Association for Democratic, Reforms (ADR) was established, as an NGO in 1999 by a group of, professors from the Indian Institute of, Management (IIM) Ahmedabad., , •, , In 1999, Public Interest Litigation (PIL), was filed by them with Delhi High Court, asking for the disclosure of the criminal,, financial and educational background of, the candidates contesting elections. Based, on this, the Supreme Court in 2002, and, subsequently in 2003, made it mandatory, for all candidates contesting elections to, disclose criminal, financial and educational, background prior to the polls by filing an, affidavit with the Election Commission., , •, , It conducts the ‘election watch’ ( since, 2002) for state assembly elections and the, ‘National Election Watch’., , •, , It conducts multiple projects aimed at, increasing transparency and accountability, in the political and electoral system of the, country., , It opposes the Electoral Bonds, even, moved Supreme Court for stay on the, Electoral Bond scheme in 2018., , 4., , Correct Option: (a), Explanation:, Nature of political parties in India, •, , Except for the BJP and the two, communist parties (CPI and CPM),

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BK IAS ACADEMY PT 2022, , [151], , all other parties do not have a clearcut ideology. They (i.e., all other parties), are ideologically closer to each other. They, have a close resemblance in their policies, and programs., •, , 5., , Almost every party in India advocates, democracy, secularism, socialism, and, Gandhism., , •, , Political parties across the ideological, spectrum are in consonance to not, complying with the RTI Act, 2005., , •, , Despite a June 2013 ruling from the Central, Information Commission (CIC) that they, (parties) fall within the ambit of the, transparency law, parties insist that they, cannot be considered public authorities, under the Act., , •, , The public interest litigation filed by, Ashwini Kumar Upadhyay, a Bharatiya, Janata Party (BJP) leader, wants political, parties registered under section 29A of, Representation of People Act, 1951 to be, declared as ‘public authority’ under the, Right to Information Act, 2005, (RTI) is yet, to be decided by the apex court of India., , Correct Option: (c), Explanation:, Election and Election Commission of India, •, , The MCC is a set of guidelines issued by the, Election Commission to regulate political, parties and candidates prior to elections, to, ensure free and fair elections in consonance, with Article 324 of the Constitution. It was, first introduced in the state assembly, elections in Kerala in 1960. But, the, Election Commission first effectively put to, use the Model Code of Conduct in 1991., , 6., , •, , The Act also mandates that the Election, Commissionmay,byunanimousdecision,, regulate the procedure for transaction of its, business as also allocation of its business, amongst the Chief Election Commissioner, and other Election Commissioner., , •, , T. N. Seshan, arguably the most honest, and effective CEC in India, challenged, provisions of the Act but, the Supreme, Court in the T.N. Seshan ECI vs Union of, India 1995, dismissed the petition., , •, , The Apex Court of India ruled that the, business of the Commission may be carried, out by unanimous decision as far a possible, but in cases of there being no unanimity, the rule of majority shall prevail., , •, , The, supreme, guardian, of, the, Constitution thus, held that the chief, electioncommissionerwasnotsuperior, to the election commissioners, rather, of the same position. Thus, CEC is the, first among equals but not superior to, other ECs., , Correct Option: (d), Explanation:, Pressure/interest groups, •, , A pressure group is a group of people/, organizations who are organized activities, for promoting and defending their common, interest. It attempts to bring a change in, public policy by exerting pressure on the, government. It acts as a liaison between, the government and its members., , •, , The pressure groups are also called interest, groups or vested groups., , •, , As per Article 324, other election, commissioners cannot be removed from, office except on the recommendation of the, chief election commissioner. Thus, Article, 324 does not provide parity in the, removal of the officers of the ECI., , •, , It can include political parties (viz., Congress, BJP, CPI, etc.), trade unions, (AITUC, MKS, etc), student unions(ABVP,, NSUI, AISA. SFI, AISF, etc.), Business, Groups (CII, ASSOCHAM, etc.), religious, organizations(RSS, VHP, etc), etc., , •, , The 61st Amendment Act of 1988 has, reduced the voting age from 21 to 18 years, and two more election commissioners. But,, the two posts of election commissioners, were abolished in January 1990 and the, Election Commission was reverted to the, earlier position., , •, , Jamaat-e-Islami, an Islamist political and, right-wing Muslim nationalist movement,, was founded in 1941 by the Islamist Abul, Ala Maududi., , •, , The All India Trade Union Congress is the, oldest trade union federations in India and, was founded on 31 October 1920., , •, , The All India Students’ Federation is, the oldest student organization in India, founded in 1936 influenced by left-wing, ideology., , •, , Both CII and ASSOCHAM were founded, before 1947. ASSOCHAM was established in, 1920 by promoter Chambers, representing, all regions of India., , •, , Further, the Government of India enacted, EC (Conditions of Services of Election, Commissioners, and, Transactions, of, Business Act,1991) Act which mandates, that the chief election commissioner and, the two other election, commissioners, would have equal powers and receive equal, salary, allowances and other perquisites,, which are similar to those of a judge of the, Supreme Court.

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857, , 152 BK IAS PT 2022 POLITY & CONSTITUTION, , 7., , 8574308854, 9717108622, , Correct Option: (b), , •, , The powers of the NFRA include the, governing of auditors of companies, listed in any stock exchange, in India, or outside of India, unlisted public, companies above certain thresholds,, and other companies., , •, , Companies are required to disclose, information of their auditors to the NFRA, through Form NFRA-1., , Explanation:, Competition Commission of India, •, , •, , •, , •, , 8., , The Competition Act, 2002 was passed, by the Parliament and was subsequently, amended by the Competition (Amendment), Act, 2007., In accordance with the provisions of, the Amendment Act, the Competition, Commission of India and the, Competition Appellate Tribunal were, established in 2003., Its aim is to promote and sustain an, enabling robust competition culture, through engagement and enforcement, that would inspire businesses to be fair,, competitive and innovative; enhance, consumer welfare, and support economic, growth., It prevents activities that have an, adverse effect on competition such as, monopolization and the cartelization, of the Indian economy and market., , 9., , Correct Option: (c), Explanation:, National Commission for Protection of, Child Rights, •, , The National Commission for Protection, of Child Rights (NCPCR) was set up in, March 2007 under the Commissions for, Protection of Child Rights (CPCR), Act, 2005. Thus, it is a statutory body, under the administrative, control, of the Ministry of Women & Child, Development., , •, , The Commission’s Mandate is to ensure, that all Laws, Policies, Programmes,, and Administrative Mechanisms are, in consonance with the Child Rights, perspective as enshrined in the Constitution, of India and also the UN Convention on the, Rights of the Child., , •, , The Child, as per the Act, is defined, as a person in the 0 to 18 years age, group., , •, , Besides other functions performed by, it, the Commission monitors the, implementation of the POCSO Act., , Correct Option: (c), Explanation:, National Financial Reporting Authority, •, , •, , The need for establishing NFRA has arisen, on account of the need felt across various, jurisdictions in the world, in the wake of, accounting scams(for instance, Satyam, scam), to establish independent regulators,, independent from those it regulates, for, enforcement of auditing standards and, ensuring the quality of audits to strengthen, the independence of audit firms, quality of, audits and, therefore, enhance investor and, public confidence in financial disclosures of, companies., NFRA has been established as an, independent regulator for the auditing, profession which is one of the key, changes brought in by the Companies, Act, 2013., , •, , The, jurisdiction, of, NFRA, for, investigationofCharteredAccountants, and their firms under section 132 of, the Act., , •, , According to Section 132 of Companies, Act 2013, “NFRA is responsible for, recommending, accounting, and, auditing policies and standards in the, country, undertaking investigations, and imposing sanctions against, defaulting auditors and audit firms, in the form of monetary penalties and, debarment from practice for up to 10, years., , 10. Correct Option: (a), Explanation:, Justice G. Rohini Commission, •, , Union, Government, with, approval, of President had constituted, a, fivemember Commission under article 340 of, Constitution in October 2017., , •, , It has been formed to take up the exercise, of identifying castes, communities,, sub-castes, synonyms in the central, list of OBCs and classifying them into, sub-categories., , •, , Article 340 of the Constitution was also, used to establish landmark Mandal, Commission (set up in 1979) more than, two decades ago which recommend 27%, reservation for socially and educationally, backward classes in higher education, and government jobs. Over the years, the, benefits of this reservation were mostly, cornered mostly by dominant OBC groups., , •, , Even National Commission for Backward, Classes (NCBC) had in 2015 had noted

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BK IAS ACADEMY PT 2022, that unequal cannot be treated equally and, recommended that OBCs be categorized, into extremely backward classes, more, backward classes, and backward classes., At present, 11 states have sub-categorized, OBCs for their state services., , [153], 12. Correct Option: (b), Explanation:, Florence Nightingale, •, , Florence Nightingale was a British social, reformer who founded modern nursing., Her biggest contribution to humanity, was when she volunteered to help in the, Crimean war to tend to wounded soldiers., , •, , Later in life, she tried to bring about, reforms regarding the hygiene problems of, the Army hospitals., , •, , She wrote many books and letters to, improvise the treatments and care given to, wounded soldiers., , •, , She laid the foundation for pursuing, nursing as a profession by elite British, women and others as well., , •, , She was called “The Lady with the Lamp”, for making rounds on wounded soldiers., , •, , In the honor of 200th birth anniversary of, Florence Nightingale, the World Health, Organization designated the year 2020 as, the “Year of Nurse and Midwife”., , 11. Correct Option: (d), Explanation:, Geneva Conventions, •, , •, , •, , The Geneva Conventions is a body of, Public International Law, also known as, the Humanitarian Law of Armed Conflicts,, whose purpose is to provide minimum, protections, standards of, humane, treatment, and fundamental guarantees of, respect to individuals who become victims, of armed conflicts., Their origin dates back to 1864 when, the Swiss businessman and the first Nobel, peace laureate Henry Dunant led to the, establishment of the Red Cross society and, the 1864 Geneva Convention, the first, codified international treaty that covered, the sick and wounded soldiers on the, battlefield., The conventions are as follows:, , ➤ The First Geneva Convention “for the, Amelioration of the Condition of the, Wounded and Sick in Armed Forces, in the Field” (first adopted in 1864,, revised in 1906, 1929 and finally, 1949);, , ➤ The Second Geneva Convention “for, the Amelioration of the Condition, of Wounded, Sick and Shipwrecked, Members of Armed Forces at Sea”, (first adopted in 1949, successor of, the Hague Convention (X) 1907);, , ➤ The, , Third, Geneva, Convention, “relative to the Treatment of Prisoners, of War” (first adopted in 1929, last, revision in 1949);, , ➤, , The Fourth Geneva Convention, “relative to the Protection of Civilian, Persons in Time of War”, (first, adopted in 1949, based on parts of, the Hague Convention (II) of 1899 and, Hague Convention (IV) 1907)., , •, , Two additional protocols were, adopted in 1977 and the third protocol, was added in 2005., , •, , In total, 196 countries have signed and, ratified the 1949 conventions over the years,, including many that did not participate or, sign until decades later., , •, , Any nation that has ratified the Geneva, Conventions but not the Protocols are, still bound by all provisions of the, conventions., , 13. Correct Option: (c), Explanation:, Davos in the desert, •, , It is an informal name for the ‘Future, Investment Initiative’, an ambitious, project of Saudi Arabia., , •, , It is an initiative by the Saudi Crown, Prince Mohammad bin Salman to, diversify the kingdom’s economy and, reduce its dependence on petroleum, products., , •, , It is an annual investment forum held in, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia, to discuss trends, in the world economy and investment, environment., , 14. Correct Option: (b), Explanation:, Asian Tea Alliance, •, , The Asian Tea Alliance (ATA) announced, in April 2019 is a memorandum of, understanding between the main industry, and policy organizations in five tea-growing, countries., , •, , These are the Indian Tea, China, Tea, Marketing, Indonesian Tea Marketing, Sri Lanka Tea Board and, Association., , •, , The whole idea is to boost tea trade from, these countries., , Association,, Association,, Association,, Japan Tea

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857, , 154 BK IAS PT 2022 POLITY & CONSTITUTION, , 8574308854, 9717108622, , 15. Correct Option: (c), , of seats in the House of the People, and in the Legislative Assemblies and, Legislative Councils of States., , Explanation:, Greta Thunberg, •, , She is a Swedish environmental activist, on climate change whose campaigning has, gained international recognition., , •, , A 16-year-old from Stockholm she went, from a solitary protest on the cobblestones, outside her country’s Parliament to leading, a worldwide youth movement., , •, , She marshaled “Fridays for Future”, protests throughout Europe by thundering,, “How dare you!” at the world’s most, powerful leaders in her viral U.N. speech, which led some 7 million climate strikers, across the world in September and tens of, thousands more in Madrid., , •, , Thunberg is the TIME’s Person of, 2019, the youngest individual ever, conferred with., , •, , She has been awarded the ‘Right, Livelihood Award’ is widely known, as the ‘Alternative Nobel Prize’,, distributed by Sweden., , •, , Thunberg was also nominated for the 2019, Nobel Peace Prize., , •, , In allotting seats in the House of the, People to different States and in fixing the, total number of seats in the Legislative, Assemblies of different States, the, population of each State as on 1st March, 1950 was taken into account., , •, , The Act also sought to confer on the, President the powers to delimit, after, consultation with the Election Commission,, the various constituencies for the purpose, of elections to fill seats in the House of the, People and in the Legislative Assemblies, and Legislative Councils of States., , •, , TheActfurtherprovidedfortheregistration, of, electors, for, Parliamentary, Constituencies and for the Assembly, and Council Constituencies, and the, qualifications and, disqualifications, for such registration., , •, , A special provision has been included for, relaxation of the residence qualification, in the case of displaced persons who, migrated before the 25 th day of July, 1949,, to India from the territory of Pakistan., The provisions have been made for the, preparation of electoral rolls, the period of, currency of such rolls, and the revision and, connection of such rolls during such period, in special cases., , 16. Correct Option: (d), Explanation:, Types of Political Parties, •, , There are four types of political parties in, the modern democratic states, viz.,, , ➤ reactionary parties which cling to, the old socio-economic and political, institutions;, , 18. Correct Option: (d), Explanation:, Representation of the People Act, 1951, •, , The Representation of the People Act, 1950, did not contain all the provisions relating, to elections but merely provided for the, allocation of seats in and the delimitation of, constituencies for the purpose of elections, to the House of People and Legislatures of, States, the qualifications of voter at such, election and the preparations of electoral, rolls., , •, , Broadly speaking, this Act contains, provisions relating to the following electoral, matters:, , ➤ conservative parties which believe in, the status-quo;, , ➤ liberal parties which aim at reforming, the existing institutions; and, , ➤, , •, , radical parties which aim at, establishing, a, new, order, by, overthrowing, the, existing, institutions., , In their classification of political parties, on the basis of ideologies, the political, scientists have placed the radical parties, on the left and the liberal parties in the, centre and reactionary and conservative, parties on the right., , 17. Correct Option: (b), Explanation:, Representation of the People Act, 1950, •, , The Representation of the People Act, 1950,, was enacted to provide for the allocation, , ➤ Qualifications, , and, disqualifications for membership, of Parliament, and, State, Legislatures, , ➤, , Notification of general elections, , ➤ Administrative machinery for the, conduct of elections, , ➤, , Registration of political parties, , ➤ Conduct of elections

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BK IAS ACADEMY PT 2022, , [155], , ➤ Free supply of certain material to, candidates, parties, , ➤, , of, , recognised, , offences, , practices, , and, , Report on Electoral Reforms (2015)., , 20. Correct Option: (a), , Disputes regarding elections, , ➤ Corrupt, , ➤ Law Commission of India 255th, , political, , electoral, , Explanation:, Regionalism, , 19. Correct Option: (c), Explanation:, , •, , Regionalism refers to sub-nationalism and, sub-territorial loyalty. It implies the love, for a particular region or state in preference, to the country as a whole., , •, , There is also sub-regionalism, that is, love, for a particular region in preference to the, state of which the region forms a part., , •, , Regionalism is “a subsidiary process, of political integration in India. It is a, manifestation of those residual elements, which do not find expression in the, national polity and national culture, and, being excluded from the centrality of the, new polity, express themselves in political, discontent and political exclusionism”., , •, , Regionalism is a country-wide phenomenon, which manifests itself in the following six, forms:, , Electoral Reforms, •, , The various committees and commissions, which have examined our electoral, system, election machinery as well as, election process and suggested reforms are, mentioned here., , ➤ Joint Parliamentary Committee on, Amendments to Election Laws (197172)., , ➤ Tarkunde Committee was appointed, in 1974 by Jaya Prakash Narayan, (JP) during his “Total Revolution”, movement. This unofficial committee, submitted its report in 1975., , ➤, , Dinesh Goswami Committee, Electoral Reforms (1990), , on, , ➤ Vohra Committee on the Nexus, between Crime and Politics (1993), , ➤, , Election, Commission, Recommendations on, Reforms (1998)., , ➤ Demand of the people of certain, states for secession from the, Indian Union (like Khalistan, Dravid, Nad, Mizos, Nagas and so on)., , of, India, Electoral, , ➤ Indrajit, , Gupta Committee on, State Funding of Elections (1998), , ➤ Demand of the people of certain areas, for separate statehood (like Telengana,, Bodoland, Uttarkhand, Vidharbha,, Gorkhaland and so on)., , ➤ Law Commission of, , India 170th, Report on Reform of the Electoral, Laws (1999), , ➤ Demand of people of certain Union, Territories for full-fledged statehood, (like Manipur, Tripura, Puducherry,, Delhi, Goa, Daman and Diu and so, on)., , ➤ National Commission to, , Review, the Working of the Constitution (20002002). It was headed by M.N., Venkatachaliah., , ➤ Election Commission of India Report, on Proposed, (2004)., , ➤, , Electoral, , Reforms, , Second Administrative Reforms, Commission of India Report on Ethics, in Governance (2007). It was headed, by Veerappa Moily., , ➤, , Inter-state boundary disputes, (like Chandigarh and Belgaum) and, river water disputes (like Cauvery,, Krishna, Ravi-Beas and so on)., , ➤ Formation of organisations with, , was appointed in 2010 to look into the, whole gamut of the election laws and, electoral reforms., , regional motives which advocates, a militant approach in pursuing its, policies and goals (like Shiv Sena,, Tamil Sena, Hindi Sena, Sardar Sena,, Lachit Sena and so on)., , ➤ J.S. Verma Committee Report on, , ➤ ‘Sons of the soil theory’ which, , ➤ Tankha Committee (Core Committee), , Amendments, (2013)., , to, , ➤ Law Commission of, , Criminal, , Law, , India 244th, Report on Electoral Disqualifications, (2014)., , advocates preference to local people, in government jobs, private jobs,, permits and so on. Their slogan will, be Assam for Assamese, Maharashtra, for Maharashtrians and so on.

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857, , 156 BK IAS PT 2022 POLITY & CONSTITUTION, , 21. Correct Option: (a), Explanation, •, , Option (a) is correct: Sabka Vishwas, Scheme is a Legacy Dispute Resolution, scheme which offers to those taxpayers who, wish to disclose any previously undisclosed, tax liability without any penalty or, prosecution., , 8574308854, 9717108622, , Supplementary Notes:, Project SURE, •, , The SURE project is a commitment, by India’s apparel industry to set a, sustainable pathway for the Indian, fashion industry., , •, , SURE stands for ‘Sustainable Resolution’ –, a firm commitment from the industry to, move towards fashion that contributes to a, clean environment., , •, , The project has been launched by, the Union Textiles Ministry, along, with Clothing Manufacturers Association, of India (CMAI); United Nations in India;, and IMG Reliance., , •, , It will be the first holistic effort by the, apparel industry towards gradually, introducing a broader framework for, establishing critical sustainability goals, for the industry., , •, , This framework would help the, industry reduce its carbon emissions,, increase resource efficiency, tackle waste, and water management, and create, positive social impact to achieve long-term, sustainability targets., , Supplementary Notes:, Sabka Vishwas Scheme, •, , The scheme targets those taxpayers who, want to close their pending disputes, related to Service Tax and Excise Tax, (now subsumed under Goods and Services, Tax). Hence, the term ‘legacy’., , •, , The two main components of the, Scheme are dispute resolution and, amnesty., , ➤ The dispute resolution component, is aimed at liquidating the legacy cases, of Central Excise and Service Tax that, are subsumed in GST and are pending, in litigation at various forums., , ➤ The amnesty component of the, Scheme offers an opportunity to the, taxpayers to pay the outstanding tax, and be free of any other consequence, under the law. The most attractive, aspect of the Scheme is that it provides, substantial relief in the tax dues for, all categories of cases as well as full, waiver of interest, fine, penalty, In all, these cases, there would be no other, liability of interest, fine or penalty., There is also a complete amnesty from, prosecution., , ➤ The Scheme is especially tailored, to free the large number of small, taxpayers of their pending disputes, with the tax administration., •, , In News - Sabka Vishwas Scheme was, announced in the Union Budget 2019., It has now been notified and will be, operationalized from 1st September 2019., , 22. Correct Option: (c), , 23. Correct Option: (b), Explanation:, •, , List I, , •, , Statement 1 is incorrect: The SURE, project is a commitment by India’s, apparel industry to set a sustainable, pathway for the Indian fashion, industry., Statement 2 is incorrect: The project, has been launched by the Union Textiles, Ministry., , List II, , 1., , Jeeraphool Rice, , Chhattisgarh, , 2., , Dindigul lock, , Tamil Nadu, , 3., , Kandangi Saree, , Tamil Nadu, , Supplementary notes:, Geographical Indication (GI) tag, •, , Recently, two well-known products, from Tamil Nadu — Dindigul lock and, Kandangi Saree — have been given the, Geographical Indication (GI) tag., , Dindigul locks, •, , The Dindigul locks are known throughout, the world for their superior quality and, durability, so much so that even the city is, called Lock City., , •, , Government institutions such as prisons,, godowns, hospitals, and even temples use, these locks instead of other machine-made, ones., , •, , There are over 50 varieties of locks made, by the artisans using raw materials such, as MS flat plates and brass plates., , Explanation:, •, , Option (b) is correct:

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BK IAS ACADEMY PT 2022, , [157], , Kandangi Sarees, •, , Supplementary Notes:, , The Kandangi Sarees are manufactured, in the entire Karaikuditaluk in Sivaganga, district., , •, , They are characterised by large contrast, borders and some are known to have, borders covering as far as two-thirds of the, saree which is usually around 5.10 m-5.60, m in length., , •, , Worn in summer, these cotton sarees are, usually bought by customers in bulk., , Open Acreage Licensing Policy (OALP), •, , Open Acreage Licensing Policy (OALP), gives an option to a company looking, for exploring hydrocarbons to select the, exploration blocks on its own, without, waiting for the formal bid round from the, Government., , •, , Under Open Acreage Licensing Policy, (OALP), a bidder intending to explore, hydrocarbons like oil and gas, coal bed, methane, gas hydrate etc., may apply, to the Government seeking exploration, of any new block (not already covered by, exploration)., , •, , The Government will examine the, Expression of Interest and justification. If, it is suitable for award, Govt. will call for, competitive bids after obtaining necessary, environmental and other clearances., , •, , OALP was introduced vide a Cabinet, decision of the Government as part of the, new fiscal regime in exploration sector, called HELP or Hydrocarbon Exploration, and Licensing Policy, so as to enable a, faster survey and coverage of the available, geographical area which has potential for, oil and gas discovery., , •, , What distinguishes OALP from New, Exploration and Licensing Policy (NELP), is that under OALP, oil and gas acreages, will be available round the year instead, of cyclic bidding rounds as in NELP., Potential investors need not have to wait, for the bidding rounds to claim acreages., , •, , Setting up of National Data Repository, is one of the milestones achieved for, Open Acreage Licensing Policy. To make, India a favorable destination globally for, Exploration of Crude Oil and Natural Gas,, the Government plans to move to the OALP, regime soon., , •, , It is well acknowledged that there is, a need for a faster vehicle of awarding, blocks in order to bring more area under, exploration., , •, , As India has vast unexplored sedimentary, basins, a strategy which facilitates a time, bound full coverage has become a necessity., Moreover, even the OALP pre-supposes, offering of data to the interested companies, for them to submit their bids/ interest., Hence, availability of data is no longer an, option, but a pre-condition., , Other products that got a GI tag this year, (2019):, •, , Odisha – Kandhamal Haldi, , •, , Himachal Pradesh – Kala Zeera, , •, , Chhattisgarh – Jeeraphool Rice, , •, , Karnataka – Coorg Arabica Coffee, , •, , Andhra Pradesh – Araku Valley Arabica, , •, , Kerala – Wayanad Robusta Coffee, , •, , Karnataka- Sirsi Supari, , 24. Correct Option: (b), Explanation:, World Skills Competition, •, , Statement 1 is incorrect: The 45th World, Skills Competition is being held at the, KAZAN EXPO International Exhibition, Centre in Kazan, Russia., , Supplementary Notes:, •, , The 45th World Skills Competition is, being held at the KAZAN EXPO, International, Exhibition, Centre, in Kazan, Russia., , •, , It is a flagship event of the World Skills, International, organised every two years., , •, , It is, the, biggest, vocational, education and skills excellence event, in the world that truly reflects global, industry., , •, , The, aims, of, the, competition, include demonstrating the advantages of, learning a vocational skill, and encouraging, ‘parity of esteem’ between vocational and, academic qualifications., , 25. Correct Option: (c), Explanation:, •, , Both the statements are correct, , **********

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857, , 158 BK IAS PT 2022 POLITY & CONSTITUTION, , 8574308854, 9717108622, , TEST, DAY - 15, Time Allowed: 30 mins, , 1., , Maximum Marks: 50, , Consider the following statements:, 1., , 2., , A bribe-taking MP, who, votes, in the Parliament is entitled to, protection under Article 105(2) of the, Constitution., , 3., , A transgender person has the right to, self-perceived gender identity without, undergoing sex reassignment surgery., , (b) 1 and 2 only, (c) 2 and 3 only, , (c) Both 1 and 2, , (d) 1, 2, and 3, , (d) Neither 1 nor 2, Consider the following statements, regarding the Inter-State River Water, Disputes (Amendment) Bill, 2019?, , 4., , The Bill requires the central, government to set up a Disputes, Resolution Committee for adjudicating, any inter-state water dispute., The Bill also proposes to set up an, Inter-State River Water Disputes, Tribunal with multiple benches., , Which the following offences have been, added by the ‘National Investigation, Agency (Amendment) Bill, 2019 ’?, 1., , Explosive substances, , 2., , Offences related to counterfeit currency, or bank notes, , 3., , Human trafficking, , 4., , Cyber-terrorism, , Which of the above statements is/are, correct?, (a) 1 and 4 only, , Which of the above statements is/are, correct?, , (b) 2 and 3 only, , (a) 1 only, , (c) 1, 2 and 3 only, , (b) 2 only, , (d) 1, 2, 3, and 4, , (c) Both 1 and 2, (d) Neither 1 nor 2, 3., , They have been declared as the OBCs., , (a) 1 only, , (b) 2 only, , 2., , 2., , Which of the above statements is/are, correct?, , (a) 1 only, , 1., , A transgender person is one whose, gender does not match the gender, assigned at birth., , An MLA from a state does not enjoy, this privilege., , Which of the above statements is/are, correct?, , 2., , 1., , Consider the following statements, regarding Transgender rights in India, with reference to the Transgender, Persons (Protection of Rights) Act,, 2019:, , 5., , Consider the following statements:, 1. Hindus are in minority in nine States/, UTs, hence they can establish the, Hindu religious universities in these, states., 2., , The Allahabad High Court ruled in, 2005 that Aligarh Muslim University, is a minority institution.

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BK IAS ACADEMY PT 2022, , 6., , Which of the above statements is/are, correct?, , Which of the above statements is/are, correct?, , (a) 1 only, , (a) 1 only, , (b) 2 only, , (b) 1 and 2 only, , (c) Both 1 and 2, , (c) 3 and 4 only, , (d) Neither 1 nor 2, , (d) 1, 2, 3, and 4, , What were the salient features of the, Government of India Act, 1935?, 1. Dyarchy in the Provinces, 2., , Abolition of Council of India, , 3., , Establishment of Reserve Bank of, India, , 4., , Which of the following provisions is/are, not borrowed from the Government of, India Act, 1935?, 1. Federal Scheme, 2., , Office of governor, , 3., , Removal of Supreme Court and high, court judges, , 4., , Emergency provisions, , (a) 2 and 3, , Which of the above statements is/are, correct?, , (b) 1, 2 and 3, , (a) 3 only, , (c) 1, 3 and 4, , (b) 4 only, , (d) 1, 2, 3 and 4, , (c) 3 and 4 only, (d) 1, 2, and 3 only, , Arrange, the, following, events, chronologically in post-independent, India?, 1. Bank Nationalization Act, 2. Establishment of Research and, Analysis Wing, 3., , Abolition of Privy purse, , 4., , Formation of the Nuclear Suppliers, Group, , 10. What of the following is the key, takeaway from the judgment of the, Supreme Court in Bijoe Emmanuel v., State of Kerala?, (a) Reasonable restrictions are equally, important as the Fundamental Rights., (b) To sing the National Anthem is a, Fundamental Duty., , Select the correct order using the codes, given below:, , (c) The right of free speech and expression, also includes the right to remain, silent., , (a) 1-2-4-3, , (d) All of the above., , (b) 2-1-3-4, (c) 3-2-1-4, (d) 2-3-1-4, 8., , 9., , Introduction of bicameralism in India, , Select the correct answer using the codes, given below:, , 7., , [159], , Which of the following pairs is, incorrectly matched?, 1. Beohar, Rammanohar, Sinha:, CalligrapheroftheoriginalConstitution, in Hindi, 2. Vasant Krishan Vaidya: Calligrapher, of the original Constitution, 3., , S.N. Mukerjee: Chief draftsman of the, Constitution, , 4., , Elephant: Symbol of the Constituent, Assembly, , 11. Consider the following statements, regarding People’s Union for Civil, Liberties:, 1. It is a non-governmental human rights, body., 2., , It was founded by Jayaprakash, Narayan., , Which of the above statements is/are, correct?, (a) 1 only, (b) 2 only, (c) Both 1 and 2, (d) Neither 1 nor 2

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857, , 160 BK IAS PT 2022 POLITY & CONSTITUTION, , 12. Which of the following statements is/, are correct?, 1., , 2., , Only the state governments can decide, whether a community is a minority or, not., The State cannot interfere in the liberty, of the minority institutions to appoint, teachers., , Which of the above statements is/are, correct?, (a) 1 only, (b) 2 only, , 8574308854, 9717108622, , (c) 3 only, (d) 1, 2, and 3, 15. Consider the following statements:, 1., , Article 334 of the original Constitution, provided for the reservation of seats, for SCs and STs in the Lok Sabha and, states assemblies for 70 years., , 2., , Recently, it has been extended for, the next 70 years by a Constitutional, Amendment Act., , 3., , But the further extension of the, reservation for the Anglo-Indian, community has not been granted., , (c) Both 1 and 2, (d) Neither 1 nor 2, 13. Consider the following statements:, 1., , 2., , The backwardness of SCs and STs, is the sole criteria for providing the, reservations in job to SCs and STs., It is mandatory for the government, to give reservations in promotions in, public sector jobs., , 3., , The states need not collect quantifiable, data on the backwardness of SCs and, STs for giving quota in job promotion., , 4., , The Creamy layer principle is also, applied in the reservation of the SCs, and STs., , Which of the above statements is/are, correct?, , Which of the above statement is/are, incorrect?, (a) 1 only, (b) 1 and 2 only, (c) 2 only, (d) 1, 2, and 3, 16. Consider the following statements, regarding, the, Constitution, (One, HundredandTwenty-fifthAmendment), Bill, 2019?, 1., , The Bill aims to provide for Village, and Municipal Councils in addition to, the District and Regional Councils in, Schedule-V states., , 2., , The Bill adds that the Governor may, make rules for the disqualification, of such members on the grounds of, defection., , 3., , It provides for the appointment of a, State Finance Commission for the, states under Schedule-VI., , (a) 3 and 4 only, (b) 2 and 4 only, (c) 3 only, (d) 1 and 3 only, 14. Which of the following pairs is/are, incorrectly matched?, 1. Constitution (100th Amendment) Act:, Goods and Services Tax, , Which of the above statements is/are, correct?, (a) 2 only, , 2., , Constitution (103rd Amendment) Act:, Constitutional status to National, Commission for Backward Classes, , (b) 1 and 3 only, , 3., , Constitution (102 Amendment) Act:, 10% Reservation for Economically, Weaker Sections, , (d) 1, 2, and 3, , nd, , Select the correct option using the, codes given below:, (a) 1 and 3 only, (b) 2 only, , (c) 2 and 3 only, , 17. Why it is necessary to have, Parliamentary Committees in a, democracy?, 1., , They are an instrument of the, Parliament for its own effective, functioning.

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BK IAS ACADEMY PT 2022, 2., , 3., , They have ample time to discuss over a, bill, even more than that on the floor of, the Houses., Members of the Committees are not, bound by party whips., , Which of the above statements are correct?, (a) 1 and 3 only, (b) 1 and 2 only, (c) 2 and 3 only, , [161], (c) State public service commission, (d) Solicitor General, 22. Consider the following statements, regarding Parliamentary System of, Government:, 1. The parliamentary government is, known as ‘responsible government’ as, the cabinet is accountable to the Lok, Sabha., 2., , The parliamentary system is not, conductive for the formulation and, implementation of long-term policies., , 3., , Under this system, the executive, authority is vested in a group of, individuals and not in a single person., , (d) 1, 2, and 3, 18. Consider the following statements, regarding the Estimates Committee:, 1. It cannot question the policy laid down, by the Parliament., 2., , Its recommendations are binding on, the ministries., , Which of the above statements is/are, correct?, (a) 1 and 2 only, , 3. The demands for grants cannot be, voted before the Committee makes the, report., , (b) 1 and 3 only, , Which of the above statements is/are, incorrect?, , (d) 1,2 and 3, , (a) 3 only, (b) 2 and 3 only, , (c) 2 and 3 only, , 23. Which of the following is/are the, features of the federal government?, 1. Appointment of Governor, , (c) 1 and 3 only, , 2., , All-India Services, , (d) 1 and 2 only, , 3., , Bicameralism, , 4., , Supremacy of the Constitution, , 19. Gian Kaur v. State of Punjab and P., Rathinam v. Union of India cases are, related to, , Select the correct option from the codes, given below:, , (a) Scrapping Section 66A, , (a) 1,2 and 3 only, , (b) Hoisting Tricolour as Fundamental, Right, , (b) 2 and 4 only, , (c) Right to Die, (d) Right to Privacy, 20. Which of the following is not an, element of the basic structure of Indian, Constitution ?, and, balance, between, (a) Harmony, Fundamental Rights and Directive, (b) Welfare state, (c) Freedom and dignity of the individual, (d) Unitary character of the Constitution, 21. Which of the following is not a, Constitutional Body?, , (c) 1 and 3 only, (d) 3 and 4 only, 24. Consider the following regarding, Federal Government:, 1. According to the Supreme Court,, Federalism is a part of basic structure., 2., , The, process, of, constitutional, amendment is less rigid in case of, Federal Government., , Which of the, correct?, , following statement, , (a) 1 only, (b) 2 only, , (a) Special officer for linguistic minorities, , (c) Both 1 and 2, , (b) Advocate general of states, , (d) Neither 1 nor 2, , is

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857, , 162 BK IAS PT 2022 POLITY & CONSTITUTION, , 25. Who is empowered to direct that an, act of Parliament does not apply to a, scheduled area in the state or apply, with specified modifications and, exceptions?, , 8574308854, 9717108622, , 1., 2., , (a) Governor, (b) State Legislature, (c) Parliament, , 3., , (d) President, 26. During which of the following, circumstances can Parliament frame, laws on the state subjects?, 1. When the legislatures of one or more, states pass resolutions requesting the, Parliament to enact laws on a matter, in the State List, 2., , When a Rajya Sabha resolution, supported by one-third of the members, present and voting declares that it is, necessary in the national interest that, Parliament should make laws on a, matter in the State List, , Select the correct option using the codes, given below:, (a) 1 only, (b) 2 only, (c) Both 1 and 2, (d) Neither 1 nor 2, 27. Which of the following was/were the, recommendations of the Sarkaria, Commission?, 1. A permanent Inter-State Council, should be set up under Article 263., 2. The zonal councils should be constituted, afresh and reactivated to promote the, spirit of federalism., 3., , The institution of All-India Services, should be further strengthened and, some more such services should be, created., , Select the correct options from the codes, given below:, (a) 1 only, (b) 1 and 3 only, (c) 2 and 3 only, (d) 1, 2 and 3, 28. Consider the following statements, regarding Public Interest Litigation, (PIL):, , It works on the principle of the rule of, ‘locus standi’., Ordinarily both High Court and, Supreme Court can entertain a writ, petition by way of PIL questioning, constitutionality or validity of a statute, or a statutory rule., In a PIL, unlike traditional dispute, resolution mechanism, there is no, determination on adjudication of, individual rights., , Which of the following statements is/are, incorrect?, (a) 1 and 2 only, (b) 2 and 3 only, (c) 1 and 3 only, (d) 3 only, 29. Which of the following can be a possible, justification of Judicial Activism:, 1. Judicial Enthusiasm, 2., , Legislative Vacuum, , 3., , Organic nature of the Constitution, , 4., , Failure of legislature to discharge its, duties, , Select the correct answer from the codes, given below., (a) 3 and 4 only, (b) 1 and 2 only, (c) 1, 2, 3 and 4, (d) 2, 3 and 4 only, 30. Which of the following statement is, incorrect regarding the Public Services, in India?, (a) All-India services are those services, which are common to both Central and, state governments, (b) The All-India Services Act of 1951, authorised the Central government to, make rules in consultation with the, state governments for the regulation of, recruitment and service conditions of, the members of all-India services., (c) The all-India services are controlled, jointly by the Central and state, governments., (d) The immediate control of the AllIndia Services is vested in the Central, governments.

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BK IAS ACADEMY PT 2022, , [163], , 31. Consider the following statements:, 1., , The President has the power to specify, as to what castes or tribes in each state, and union territory are to be treated as, the SCs and STs., , 2., , Unlike in the case of SCs, STs and, OBCs, the Constitution has defined, the persons who belong to the AngloIndian community., , Which of the following statements is/are, correct?, (a) 1 only, (b) 2 only, (c) Both 1 and 2, (d) Neither 1 nor 2, 32. Which of the following statement is, incorrect regarding the Assamese, Language?, (a) Assamese and Bodo are the official, languages in Assam., (b) BTAD, (Bodoland, Territorial, Administrative, Districts),, Barak, Valley and Hill districts of Assam are, excluded from recognizing Assamese, as a state language., (c) Assamese is one of the languages, recognized and listed in the 8th, Schedule of the Constitution of India., , financial institutions and services,, deposits and securities that were, previously approved by regulators such, as SEBI, RBI and IFSC., Which of the following statements is/are, correct?, (a) 1 only, (b) 2 only, (c) Both 1 and 2, (d) Neither 1 nor 2, 35. Department, of, Pharmaceutical, Industry works under which of the, following Ministry?, (a) Ministry of Science and Technology, (b) Ministry of Chemical and Fertilizer, (c) Ministry of Commerce and Industry, (d) Ministry, Welfare, , 2., , Some of the transgender person are, provided with a Right of Residence, with parents and immediate family, members and be included in his, household., , Which of the following statements is/are, correct?, (a) 1 only, , (b) Karnataka, , (c) Both 1 and 2, , (c) Andhra Pradesh, , (d) Neither 1 nor 2, , 1., , 2., , Among the nine members in the, authority, two will be from Ministry of, Commerce and Industry and one each, from SEBI, RBI, IRDAI and PRFDA., The authority will regulate financial, products like contracts of insurance,, , Family, , A National Council for Transgender, Persons (NCTP) is being constituted, under it., , (b) 2 only, , 34. Consider the following statements, regarding International Financial, Services Centre Authority Bill:, , and, , 1., , (a) Chhattisgarh, , (d) Madhya Pradesh, , Health, , 36. Regarding, Transgender, Persons, (Protection of Rights) Bill 2019,, consider the following statements:, , (d) Assamese has been added to the 8th, Schedule by the 71st Constitutional, Amendment Act of 1992, 33. Which state has recently passed the, ‘Disha Act’ for the amendment of, criminal laws in the State?, , of, , 37. Consider the following aspects of, “India’s Nuclear Doctrine”., 1., , Building and maintaining a credible, minimum deterrent., , 2., , Non-use of nuclear weapons against, non-nuclear weapon states., , 3., , Nuclear retaliatory attacks to be, authorized by civilian political, leadership through the Strategic, Forces Command.

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857, , 164 BK IAS PT 2022 POLITY & CONSTITUTION, , Which of the statements given above is/are, correct?, (a) 1 and 3 only, (b) 1 and 2 only, (c) 2 and 3 only, (d) 1, 2 and 3 only, 38. Consider the following statements, regarding World Trade Organization:, 1. It came into existence as a result of, Paraguay rounds of Negotiations held, under General Agreement on Trade, and Tariffs., 2., , All decisions in WTO Ministerial are, made by the 5 permanent members of, UNSC., , 3. WTO provides detailed criteria for, the classification of member countries, into Developing, Developed and Least, Developed nations., Which of the statements given above is/are, incorrect?, (a) 1 and 3 only, (b) 2 only, (c) 2 and 3 only, (d) 1, 2 and 3, 39. Consider the following statements, regarding Gallantary Awards, in, India:, 1., , 2., , 3., , Only Indian Navy, Army and Air Force, personnel are eligible to receive these, awards., Param Vir Chakra is the highest level, of Gallantary award instituted by the, Government of India., These awards announced once a year., , Which of the statements given above is/are, correct?, (a) 1 only, (b) 2 only, (c) 1 and 3 only, (d) 1 and 2 only, 40. Sandbox Model recently seen in news, is related to which of the following, organization?, (a) IRCTC, (b) IMD, , 8574308854, 9717108622, , (c) SEBI, (d) RBI, 41. Consider the following statements, about United Nations Security Council, (UNSC):, 1., , It consists of 15 members with, presidency rotating monthly among its, members., , 2., , It meets only once in a year., , 3., , India currently is not a member of, UNSC., , Which of the above statements is/are, incorrect?, (a) 1 only, (b) 1 and 2 only, (c) 2 only, (d) 2 and 3 only, 42. The ‘ASEAN Way’ often seen in the, news is:, (a) A reflection of the culture of ASEAN, members., (b) A form of interaction among ASEAN, members that is informal and, cooperative., (c) The Economic policy followed by the, ASEAN members., (d) A Free Trade Agreement among the, ASEAN Members., 43. Operation Sunrise, is a joint operation, conducted between India and which of, the following countries?, (a) Veitnam, (b) Australia, (c) Myanmar, (d) Thailand, 44. Marshall Plan is related to which of, the following organisations?, (a) Organisation for European Economic, Cooperation, (b) International Monetary Fund (IMF), (c) World Trade Organisation (WTO), (d) Organisation, for Economic, Cooperation and Development (OECD)

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BK IAS ACADEMY PT 2022, , [165], , 45. Recently, India-Japan has organized, its first Space Dialogue. In this context,, consider the following statements:, 1., , It was held in New Delhi., , 2., , It aims to keep pace with the U.S.,, China, and Russia in the area of, Space., , Which of the above statements is/are, correct?, (a) 1 only, (b) 2 only, (c) Both 1 and 2, (d) Neither 1 nor 2, 46. Which of the following are the founding, members of Shanghai Cooperation, Organisation (SCO)?, , Which of the above statements is/are, correct?, (a) 1 only, (b) 2 only, (c) Both 1 and 2, (d) Neither 1 nor 2, 48. The ‘goAML’ platform recently seen in, the news. In this context, consider the, following statements:, 1., , It is a platform to deal with financial, crimes., , 2., , UAE is the first country in the Gulf to, launch this platform., , 1., , China, , Which of the above statements is/are, correct?, , 2., , Russia, , 3., , India, , (a) 1 only, , 4., , Kazakhstan, , 5., , Pakistan, , (b) 2 only, (c) Both 1 and 2, , Select the correct answer using the code, given below:, , (d) Neither 1 nor 2, 49. Afghanistan Peace Process is important, , (a) 2 and 3 only, , for India because:, , (b) 3 and 4 only, , 1., , It will help India to overcome China’s, One-Road-One-Belt initiative., , 2., , Afghanistan is a gateway for the NorthSouth Corridor for India., , 3., , Afghanistan’s rich source of oil can, help India to fulfill its demand., , (c) 1, 2 and 4 only, (d) 1, 2, 3, 4 and 5, 47. In the context of International, Relations, consider the following, statements regarding the Triangular, Cooperation for Global Development:, 1., , 2., , It provides a framework for promoting, cooperation between the two countries, to meet the developmental aspirations, of partner countries., India and Japan recently signed the, First Amendment to the Statement, of Guiding Principles on Triangular, Cooperation for Global Development., , Which of the above statements is/are, correct?, (a) 1 only, (b) 2 only, (c) 1 and 2 only, (d) 1, 2 and 3, , **********

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857, , 166 BK IAS PT 2022 POLITY & CONSTITUTION, , 8574308854, 9717108622, , ANSWER HINTS, DAY - 15, , 1., , Correct Option: (a), , •, , It amends the Inter-State River Water, Disputes Act, 1956. The Act provides for the, adjudication of disputes relating to waters, of inter-state rivers and river valleys., , •, , The Bill seeks to streamline the adjudication, of inter-state river water disputes and, make the present institutional architecture, robust., , •, , Under the Bill, when a state puts in a, request regarding any water dispute,, the central government will set up a, Disputes Resolution Committee (DRC),, to resolve the dispute amicably. The, DRC will comprise of a Chairperson, and, experts with at least 15 years of experience, in relevant sectors, to be nominated by the, central government. It will also comprise, one member from each state (at Joint, Secretary level), who are party to the, dispute, to be nominated by the concerned, state government., , •, , The DRC will seek to resolve the dispute, through negotiations, within one year, (extendable by six months), and submit, its report to the central government. If, a dispute cannot be settled by the DRC,, the central government will refer it to the, Inter-State River Water Disputes Tribunal., Such referral must be made within three, months from the receipt of the report from, the DRC., , •, , The central government will also set, up an Inter-State River Water Disputes, Tribunal, for the adjudication of water, disputes. This Tribunal can have, multiple benches. All existing Tribunals, will be dissolved, and the water disputes, pending adjudication before such existing, Tribunals will be transferred to the new, Tribunal., , •, , The Tribunal will consist of a Chairperson,, Vice-Chairperson, three judicial members,, and three expert members. They will be, appointed by the central government on the, recommendation of a Selection Committee., , •, , Each Tribunal Bench will consist of, a Chairperson or Vice-Chairperson, a, , Explanation:, Article 105 and the JMM bribery case, •, , Article 105(1) and 194(1) provide, safeguards MPs’ and MLAs’ freedom, of speech in Parliament and state, legislatures respectively., , •, , The provisions of Article 105(2) of the, Constitution confer immunity on a Member, of Parliament from criminal prosecution, only in respect of the “freedom of speech”, and the “right to give vote” by him in, Parliament or any committee thereof., , •, , The immunity or protection is available, only in regard to these parliamentary or, official activities. Such immunity is not, available for any acts done in his private or, personal capacity., , •, , Article 105(2) confers no immunity on a, Member of Parliament involved in a case, of bribery., , •, , Some JMM members of Parliament were, alleged to have accepted money to vote, against a 1993 no-confidence motion facing, the then Congress government headed by, PV Narasimha Rao., , •, , But, the 5-judges bench of the Supreme, Court in the P.V. Narasimha Rao v. State, 1998 case or, the JMM bribery case, ruled, that a lawmaker has protection under the, Constitution from facing a criminal case, despite accepting money to vote on the floor, of the House., , •, , 2., , The court said that the bribetaking MPs who voted on the noconfidence motion were entitled to, protection under Article 105(2) of the, Constitution., , Correct Option: (c), Explanation:, Inter-State, River, Water, (Amendment) Bill, 2019, , Disputes

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BK IAS ACADEMY PT 2022, , [167], , judicial member, and an expert member., The central government may also appoint, two experts serving in the Central Water, Engineering Service as assessors to advise, the Bench in its proceedings., , 3., , •, , Under the Bill, the proposed Tribunal must, give its decision on the dispute within two, years, which may be extended by another, year., , •, , Under the 1956 Act, if the matter is again, referred to the Tribunal by a state for, further consideration, the Tribunal must, submit its report to the central government, within a period of one year. This period can, be extended by the central government., The Bill amends this to specify that such, extension may be up to a maximum of six, months., , •, , The Bill provides that the central, government will appoint or authorize an, agency to maintain such data bank., , Justice; (iv) one representative from, ministries including Health, Home Affairs,, and Human Resources, Development., Other members include representatives of, the NITI Aayog and the National Human, Rights Commission. State governments, will also be represented. The Council, will also consist of five members from the, transgender community and five experts, from non-governmental organizations., •, , 4., , However, it failed to incorporate yet other, principles in line with the same judgment,, such asthe right oftransgenderpersons, to self-perceived gender identity, without undergoing sex reassignment, surgery, treating the community as, socially and economically backward, classes and extending reservation in, educational institutions and for public, appointments., , Correct Option: (d), , Correct Option: (b), , Explanation:, , Explanation:, , National, Investigation, (Amendment) Bill, 2019, , The Transgender Persons (Protection of, Rights) Act, 2019, •, , The Act defines a transgender person, as one whose gender does not match the, gender assigned at birth. It includes transmen and trans-women, persons with, intersex variations, gender-queers, and, persons with socio-cultural identities, such, as kinnar and hijra., , •, , It prohibits the discrimination against a, transgender person, including denial of, service or unfair treatment in relation to (i), education; (ii) employment; (iii) healthcare;, (iv) access to, or enjoyment of goods,, facilities, opportunities available to the, public; (v) right to movement; (vi) right to, reside, rent, or otherwise occupy property;, (vii) opportunity to hold public or private, office; and (viii) access to a government, or private establishment in whose care or, custody a transgender person is., , •, , No government or private entity can, discriminate against a, transgender, person in employment matters, including, recruitment, and promotion. Every, establishment is required to designate a, person to be a complaint officer to deal with, complaints in relation to the Act., , •, , The Act provides for the constitution of a, National Council for Transgender persons,, that will consist of: (i) Union Minister for, Social Justice (Chairperson); (ii) Minister of, State for Social Justice (Vice-Chairperson);, (iii) Secretary of the Ministry of Social, , 5., , Agency, , •, , The Bill amends the National Investigation, Agency (NIA) Act, 2008 which provides for, a national-level agency to investigate and, prosecute offences listed in a schedule, (scheduled offences), established in, response to the Mumbai terror attack of, 2008., , •, , The schedule to the Act specifies a list, of offences which are to be investigated, and prosecuted by the NIA which include, offences under Acts such as the Atomic, Energy Act, 1962, and the Unlawful, Activities Prevention Act, 1967. The Bill, seeks to allow the NIA to investigate, the following offences, in addition:, (i) human trafficking, (ii) offences, related to counterfeit currency or, bank notes, (iii) manufacture or sale of, prohibited arms, (iv) cyber-terrorism,, and (v) offences under the Explosive, Substances Act, 1908., , •, , The Bill also states that now officers of, the NIA will have the power to investigate, scheduled offences committed outside, India, subject to international treaties and, domestic laws of other countries., , Correct Option: (d), Explanation:, Minority institutions, •, , According to the 2011 census, Hindus, were in minority in eight states/UTs

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857, , 168 BK IAS PT 2022 POLITY & CONSTITUTION, , 8574308854, 9717108622, , Lakshadweep (2.5 %), Mizoram (2.75, %), Nagaland (8.75 percent), Meghalaya, (11.53 %), erstwhile J&K (28.44 %),, Arunachal Pradesh (29 %), Manipur, (31.39 %) and Punjab (38.40 %). Thus,, today, they are in minority in 6 states, and 3 UTs., •, , The Supreme Court recently dismissed, the petition that requested the Court, to treat Hindus as a minority in these, states., , •, , The Court observed that languages are, restricted to a state and in fact, states were, reorganized on the basis of language, but, it is not so about religion that is pan India., Numbers are taken throughout the country, to determine who is a minority. Therefore,, religion must be considered pan-India, , •, , •, , To nullify the effect of Azzez Basha,, the Parliament passed the Aligarh, (Amendment) Act, 1981 restoring the, Minority status of AMU., , •, , This Amendment was struck down by, the Allahabad High Court in 2005 and, this led to a joint appeal by AMU and the, UPA Government in 2006, withdrawn by, the NDA government in 2016., , •, , The Supreme Court on 12th February,, 2019 referred the issue of AMU’s (Aligarh, Muslim University) status as a Minority, Institution to a 7 judge Constitution, Bench., Thus, presently, AMU is not a minority, institution., , Correct Option: (a), Explanation:, Features of the Government of India Act,, 1935, •, , 7., , It provided for the establishment of an AllIndia Federation consisting of provinces, and princely states as units. However, the, federation never came into being as the, princely states did not join it., , It abolished dyarchy in the provinces, (introduced by the goI Act, 1919) and, introduced ‘provincial autonomy’ in its, place., , •, , It provided for the adoption of dyarchy at, the Centre. However, this provision of the, Act also did not come into operation at all., , •, , It extended the bicameralism in India, by introducing it in six out of eleven, provinces., , •, , It abolished the Council of India,, established by the Government of India, Act of 1858., , •, , It extended franchise. About 10 percent of, the total population got the voting right., , •, , It provided for the establishment of, a Reserve Bank of India and a Federal, Court., , Correct Option: (b), Explanation:, , Article 30 gives Minorities, both linguistic, and religious, the fundamental right to, establish and administer educational, institutions of their choice. However, in, Azzez Basha’s case, the Court denied, minority status to AMU on the ground that, it was not created by a minority individual, or body, but rather by a Central Legislature, in 1920., , •, , •, , 6., , The court also did not agree to plea for, framing any guidelines for declaring a, community as a minority, saying, “Who, does not know who is Hindu, Muslims and, Parsis. How can there be guidelines?”, , •, , Indira Gandhi, , 8., , •, , All the above four events took place during, the reign of the former Prime Minister, Indira Gandhi., , •, , In response to the loss in Indo-China war, due to the intelligence failure, the external, intelligence wing was separated from, the Intelligence Bureau in 1968 and a, full-fledged second security service was, established in the name of the Research, and Analysis Wing under Rameshwar, Nath Kao., , •, , In 1969, fourteen major private, commercial banks were nationalized, through, the, Banking, Companies, (Acquisition and Transfer of Undertakings), Ordinance, 1969, and later Bill., , •, , The privy purses were abolished, the 26th Amendment Act, 1971., , •, , The Nuclear Suppliers Group was, founded in response to the Indian, nuclear test in May 1974., , by, , Correct Option: (b), Explanation:, Important, Assembly, , facts, , of, , the, , Constituent, , •, , Elephant was adopted as the symbol, (seal) of the Constituent Assembly., , •, , Sir B.N. Rau was appointed as the, constitutional advisor (Legal advisor) to, the Constituent Assembly.

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BK IAS ACADEMY PT 2022, •, , H.V.R. Iyengar was the Secretary to the, Constituent Assembly., , •, , S.N. Mukerjee was the chief draftsman, of the constitution in the Constituent, Assembly., , •, , Prem Behari Narain Raizada was the, calligrapher ofthe Indian Constitution., The original constitution was handwritten, by him in italic style., , •, , The original version was beautified and, decorated by artists from Shantiniketan, including Nand Lal Bose and Beohar, Rammanohar Sinha., , •, , Beohar Rammanohar Sinha illuminated,, beautified and ornamented the original, Preamble calligraphed by Prem Behari, Narain Raizada., , •, , 9., , The calligraphy of the Hindi version, of the original constitution was done, by Vasant Krishan Vaidya and elegantly, decorated and illuminated by Nand Lal, Bose., , Correct Option: (a), Explanation:, , •, , •, , rights to freedom expression under Article, 19 and freedom of religion under Article, 25 of the Constitution of India. The High, Court dismissed the petition on the, ground that no word or thought in, the national anthem could offend any, religious beliefs., •, , Subsequently, they appealed the decision, to the Supreme Court of India., , •, , The Court found their expulsion in, violation both Articles 19 and 25 of the, Constitution, holding that a reasonable, limitation on the right to freedom of, expression must be based on a “‘a law’, having statutory force and not a mere, executive or departmental instruction., , •, , The Court noted that the right of free, speech and expression also includes, the right to remain silent and that, standing for the national anthem, showed proper respect., , 11. Correct Option: (c), Explanation:, People’s Union for Civil Liberties, •, , The features borrowed from the Act, are Federal Scheme, Office of, governor, Judiciary, Public Service, Commissions, Emergency provisions, and administrative details., , PUCL is the largest human rights, organization in the country, striving, to defend civil liberties and human, rights of all members of society., , •, , The provisions for the removal of, Supreme Court and high court judges, have been borrowed from the US, Constitution., , The Loknayak founded the People’s, Union, for Civil Liberties, and, Democratic Rights (PUCLDR), in 1976, during the emergency., , •, , It was re-christened as the People’s, Union for Civil Liberties (PUCL) in, the 1980 conference., , •, , The conference elected V. M. Tarkunde, as its President and Arun Shourie as the, General Secretary., , Sources of the Constitution, •, , [169], , Suspension of Fundamental Rights during, Emergency has been borrowed from the, Weimar Constitution of Germany., , 10. Correct Option: (c), Explanation:, Bijoe Emmanuel v. State of Kerala case, • Three children namely Bijoe, Binu and, Bindu, belonging to a sect called Jehovah’s, Witnesses, studying in a school in, Ettumanoor near Kottayam, were expelled, from school after they refused to sing the, national anthem of India., • Through their representative, they filed a, writ petition in the High Court of Kerala, State, seeking to restrain authorities from, preventing their school attendance., • They alleged that their expulsion amounted, to an infringement of their fundamental, , • As of 2019, the President of the PUCL, is Ravi Kiran Jain and Dr. Binayak, Sen is the national Vice-President., , 12. Correct Option: (a), Explanation:, Articles 29 and 30, •, , In the TMA Foundation vs. State of, Karnataka 2002 case, the Supreme Court, held that only the State government, can determine the status of a religious, or linguistic minority., , •, , Even for a Central law, for the purpose, of determining the minority, the unit, will be the State and not the whole of, India; thus, religious and linguistic

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857, , 170 BK IAS PT 2022 POLITY & CONSTITUTION, , minorities, who have been put on a, par in Article 30, have to be considered, State-wise., •, , •, , •, , Recently, the Supreme Court upheld, a law framed by the West Bengal, government in 2008 viz. “West Bengal, Madrasah Service Commission Act,, 2008” to constitute a Commission in, connection with the appointment of, teachers in the Islamic seminaries., Holding that the good quality of education, cannot be compromised in national interest, irrespective of whether it is minority or, majority educational institutions, the apex, court ruled that the decision of West Bengal, government to put a regulatory mechanism, for appointment of teachers did not amount, to interfering with the administration of, minority institutions., Further, the Court observed that if merit, is not the sole and governing criteria, the, minority institutions may lag behind the, non-minority institutions rather than keep, in step with them., , 8574308854, 9717108622, , •, , While on the one hand, the Court struck, down the further backwardness criterion, it,, on the other hand, introduced the principle, of creamy layer exclusion. It held that, creamy layer exclusion extends to SC/, STs and, hence the State cannot grant, reservations in promotion to SC/ST, individuals who belong to the creamy, layer of their community., , •, , The Supreme Court held that there is, no need to collect the quantifiable data, on the backwardness of SCs and STs, for giving quota in job promotions., , 14. Correct Option: (d), Explanation:, Recent Amendment Acts, •, , Constitution, (100th, Amendment), Act 2015 ratified the land boundary, agreement, between, India, and, Bangladesh whereas, the Constitution, (101st Amendment) Act introduces the, GST in India., , •, , To safeguard the interests of the backward, classes, the government amended the, Constitution via the Constitution (102 nd, Amendment) Act 2019, to give more, powers to the National Commission on, Backward Classes by conferring it the, constitutional status., , •, , Making a note of the Article 16 and 46, of the Constitution, the government has, amended the Constitution via Constitution, (102nd Amendment) Act 2019, to provide, 10% reservation for the Economically, Weaker Sections of the society., , 13. Correct Option: (a), Explanation:, Reservation in promotions, •, , •, , •, , •, , In Indra Sawhney vs Union of India, the, Supreme Court had held that reservations, under Article 16(4) could only be provided, at the time of entry into government service, but not in matters of promotion., On June 17, 1995, Parliament, acting in its, constituent capacity, adopted the seventyseventh amendment by which clause (4A), was inserted into Article 16 to enable, reservation to be made in promotion for, SCs and STs., This was challenged in the M. Nagraj, vs. Union of India 2006. In this case, the, Supreme Court ruled that the State is not, bound to make reservation for the SCs, and STs in promotions. But, if it seeks, to do so, it must collect quantifiable data, on three facets-the backwardness, of the class; the inadequacy of the, representation of that class in public, employment; and the administrative, efficiency of service., In the Jarnail Singh versus Lachhmi, Narain Gupta 2018, the apex court, upheld its 2006 order that it is not, mandatory for the government to give, reservations in promotions in public, sector jobs., , 15. Correct Option: (b), Explanation:, Article 334 and Amendments, •, , Article 334 of the Constitution lays down, that the provisions of the Constitution, relating to the reservation of seats for the, Scheduled Castes and the Scheduled Tribes, and the representation of the Anglo-Indian, community by nomination in the Lok Sabha, and in the Legislative Assemblies., , •, , Article 334 of the Constitution had, originally required the reservation, of seats to cease in 1960, but this, was extended to 1970 by the 8th, Amendment, and the 23rd Amendment, extended this period to 1980., , •, , The 45th Amendment extended the period, of reservation to 1990. Further, the period, of reservation was extended to 2000, 2010

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BK IAS ACADEMY PT 2022, , [171], , and 2020 by the 62nd, 79th and 95th, Amendments respectively., •, , •, , Now,, the, Constitution, (104th, Amendment) Act 2019 extends the, the the reservation of seats for SCs, and STs in the Lok Sabha and states, assemblies for the next 10 years until, 2030., But it does not extend the same for the, Anglo-Indian community., , 16. Correct Option: (c), Explanation:, , rules for the disqualification of such, members on the grounds of defection., , 17. Correct Option: (d), Explanation:, Parliamentary Committees in a, democracy, • In a parliamentary democracy, Parliament, has broadly two functions, which are, lawmaking and oversight of the executive, branch of the government. Parliament is, the embodiment of the people’s will., , and, , • Committees are an instrument of, Parliament for its own effective, functioning., , • The Bill amends provisions related to, the Finance Commission and the Sixth, Schedule of the Constitution. The Sixth, Schedule relates to the administration, of tribal areas in the states of Assam,, Meghalaya, Tripura and Mizoram., , • Given the volume of legislative business,, discussing all Bills under the consideration, of Parliament in detail on the floor of the, House is impossible. Committees have, more time and expertise for this., , The Constitution (One Hundred, Twenty-fifth Amendment) Bill, 2019, , •, , •, , •, , The Bill provides the appointment of, a State Finance Commission for these, states, to review the financial position, of District, Village, and Municipal, Councils., The Finance Commission will make, recommendations on measures to augment, the Consolidated Fund of a state to provide, resources to District Councils, Village, Councils, and Municipal Councils in tribal, areas in the four Sixth Schedule state, The, Commission, will, make, recommendations regarding (i) distribution, of taxes between states and District, Councils, (ii) grants-in-aid to District,, Village, and Municipal Councils from, the Consolidated Fund of the state, (iii), and measures to improve the financial, position of District, Village, and Municipal, Councils., , • The Bill aims to provide for Village and, Municipal Councils in addition to the, District and Regional Councils., • Further, the District Councils may make, laws on various issues, including: (i), number of Village and Municipal Councils, to be formed, and their composition, (ii), delimitation of constituencies for election, to the Village and Municipal Councils,, (iii) powers and functions of Village and, Municipal Councils., •, , The Sixth Schedule provides, that, the Governor may make rules for the, constitution of District and Regional, Councils, including qualifications for being, elected as members of these councils. The, Bill adds that the Governor may make, , • Committee meetings are ‘closed-door’, and members are not bound by party, whips, which allows them the latitude for, a more meaningful exchange of views., • Whilelawmaking gets increasinglycomplex,, lawmakers cannot infinitely expand their, knowledge into ever-expanding areas of, human activities such as new technology,, metadata, etc. It is through committees that, such expertise is drawn into lawmaking., • The first Parliamentary Committee was, constituted in 1571 in Britain. The Public, Accounts Committee was established in, 1861. In India, the first Public Accounts, Committee was constituted in April, 1950., , 18. Correct Option: (b), Explanation:, Estimates committee, • The first Estimates Committee in the postindependence era was constituted in 1950., • All the thirty members of the Committee, are from Lok Sabha only. The Rajya Sabha, has no representation in this committee., These members are elected by the Lok, Sabha every year from amongst its own, members, according to the principles of, proportional representation by means of a, single transferable vote. Thus, all parties, get due representation in it., • A minister cannot be elected as a member, of the committee. The chairman of the, committee is appointed by the Speaker from, amongst its members and he is invariably, from the ruling party.

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857, , 172 BK IAS PT 2022 POLITY & CONSTITUTION, , •, , The functions of the committee are:, , ➤, , To, report, what, economies,, improvements, in, organization,, efficiency, and administrative reform, consistent with the policy., , ➤ To suggest alternative policies in order, to bring about efficiency and economy, in administration., , ➤ To examine whether the money is well, laid out within the limits of the policy, implied in the estimates., , ➤ To suggest the forth in which the, estimates are to be presented to, Parliament., • However, the effectiveness of the role of the, committee is limited by the following:, , ➤ It examines the budget estimates, only alter they have been voted, by the Parliament, and not before, that., , 8574308854, 9717108622, , •, , This judgment was in line with the Aruna, Ramachandra Shanbaug v Union of India, and Ors., , 20. Correct Option: (d), Explanation:, Elements of the basic structure, • Parliament under Article 368 can amend, any part of the Constitution including the, Fundamental Rights but without affecting, the ‘basic structure’ of the Constitution., • However, the Supreme Court is yet to, define or clarify as to what constitutes, the ‘basic structure’ of the Constitution., From the various judgments, the following, have emerged as ‘basic features’ of the, Constitution or elements/components/, ingredients of the ‘basic structure’ of the, constitution:, , ➤, , ➤ Sovereign, democratic and republican, , ➤ It cannot question the policy laid, , nature of the Indian polity, , down by the Parliament., , ➤, , ➤ Its, , recommendations, are, advisory and not binding on the, ministries., , legislature, the executive and the, judiciary, , selected ministries and departments., , ➤, , ➤ It lacks the expert assistance of the, CAG which is available to the Public, Accounts Committee., , ➤, ➤, , ➤ Its work is in the nature of a postmortem., , • In P. Rathinam case, the Supreme, Court held that the “right to die” is a, right enshrined under Article 21 of the, Constitution., •, , In the Common Cause (registered society), v Union of India & Anr, the Supreme Court, of India held that the right to die with, dignity is a fundamental right and a part, of Art.21. The Bench further held that, passive euthanasia and a living will are, legally valid., , the, , Welfare, justice), , state, , (socio-economic, , and, , dignity, , of, , the, , individual, , ➤, , Euthanasia, , A five Judge Bench of Supreme Court in, Gian Kaur v. State of Punjab held that, both euthanasia and assisted suicide are, unlawful in India., , of, , Unity and integrity of the nation, , ➤ Freedom, , Explanation:, , •, , Federal character, Constitution, , ➤ Judicial review, , 19. Correct Option: (c), , Both of the above cases are related to, passive euthanasia., , Secular character of the Constitution, , ➤ Separation of powers between the, , ➤ It examines every year only certain, , •, , Supremacy of the Constitution, , Parliamentary system, , ➤ Rule of law, ➤ Harmony, , and balance between, Fundamental Rights and Directive, , 21. Correct Option: (d), Explanation:, The Constitutional Bodies in India, •, , The Constitutional Bodies in India are as, follows:, , ➤ Election commission (Article 324), ➤ Union public service commission (, Article 315 to 323), , ➤ State, , public service, (Article 315 to 323), , ➤, , commission, , Finance Commission (Article 280)

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BK IAS ACADEMY PT 2022, , [173], The state governments, on the other hand,, look after the matters of regional and local, importance like public order, agriculture,, health, local government and so on., , ➤ National Commission for Scheduled, Castes (Article 338), , ➤ National Commission for Scheduled, Tribes (Article 388-A), , ➤ Special, , Officer, for, Minorities (Article 350-B), , Linguistic, , •, , ➤ Comptroller and Auditor General of, India (Article 148), , ➤, , Attorney General of India (Article 76), , ➤ Advocate General of States (Article, 165), , 22. Correct Option: (c), Explanation:, Parliamentary System, • The Constitution of India provides for a, parliamentary form of government, both at, the Centre and in the states., •, , Articles 74 and 75 deal with the, parliamentary system at the Centre and, Articles 163 and 164 in the states., , • The parliamentary system of government is, the one in which the executive is responsible, to the legislature for its policies and acts., •, , Under this system, the executive, authority is vested in a group of, individuals (council of ministers) and, not in a single person., , • The parliamentary government is also, known as ‘responsible government’, as the cabinet (the real executive) is, accountable to the Parliament and, stays in office so long as it enjoys the, latter’s confidence., , • Division of Powers - The Constitution, divided the powers between the Centre and, the states in terms of the Union List, State, List and Concurrent List in the Seventh, Schedule. The Union List consists of 100, subjects (originally 97), the State List 61, subjects (originally 66) and the Concurrent, List 52 subjects (originally 47). Both the, Centre and the states can make laws on, the subjects of the concurrent list, but in, case of a conflict, the Central law prevails., The residuary subjects (ie, which are not, mentioned in any of the three lists) are, given to the Centre., •, , • But, the parliamentary system is not, conductive for the formulation and, implementation of long-term policies., , 23. Correct Option: (d), Explanation:, FEDERAL, FEATURES, CONSTITUTION, , OF, , THE, , The federal features of the Constitution of, India are explained below:, •, , Dual Polity - The Constitution establishes, a dual polity consisting the Union at the, Centre and the states at the periphery., Each is endowed with sovereign powers, to be exercised in the field assigned to, them respectively by the Constitution. The, Union government deals with the matters, of national importance like defence, foreign, affairs, currency, communication and so on., , Written Constitution-The Constitution, is not only a written document but also, the lengthiest Constitution of the world., Originally, it contained a Preamble, 395, Articles (divided into 22 Parts) and 8, Schedules.2 At present (2016), it consists, of a Preamble, about 465 Articles (divided, into 25 Parts) and 12 Schedules.3 It, specifies the structure, organization,, powers and functions of both the Central, and state governments and prescribes the, limits within which they must operate., Thus, it avoids the misunderstandings and, disagreements between the two., , Supremacy of the Constitution The Constitution is the supreme (or the, highest) law of the land. The laws enacted, by the Centre and the states must confirm, to its provisions. Otherwise, they can be, declared invalid by the Supreme Court, or the high courts through their power of, judicial review. Thus, the organs of the, government (legislative, executive and, judicial) at both the levels must operate, within the jurisdiction prescribed by the, Constitution., , • Rigid Constitution- The division of, powers established by the Constitution as, well as the supremacy of the Constitution, can be maintained only if the method of its, amendment is rigid. Hence, the Constitution, is rigid to the extent that those provisions, which are concerned with the federal, structure (i.e., Centre–state relations and, judicial organization) can be amended only, by the joint action of the Central and state, governments. Such provisions require for, their amendment a special majority4 of the, Parliament and also an approval of half of, the state legislatures., •, , -The, Independent, Judiciary, Constitution establishes an independent

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857, , 174 BK IAS PT 2022 POLITY & CONSTITUTION, , 8574308854, 9717108622, , judiciary headed by the Supreme Court for, two purposes: one, to protect the supremacy, of the Constitution by exercising the power, of judicial review; and two, to settle the, disputes between the Centre and the states, or between the states. The Constitution, contains various measures like security of, tenure to judges, fixed service conditions, and so on to make the judiciary independent, of the government., • Bicameralism -The Constitution provides, for a bicameral legislature consisting of an, Upper House (Rajya Sabha) and a Lower, House (Lok Sabha). The Rajya Sabha, represents the states of Indian Federation,, while the Lok Sabha represents the people, of India as a whole. The Rajya Sabha (even, though a less powerful chamber) is required, to maintain the federal equilibrium by, protecting the interests of the states against, the undue interference of the Centre., , 24. Correct Option: (a), , ➤ The Parliament can make laws for the, whole or any part of the territory of, India. The territory of India includes, the states, the union territories, and, any other area for the time being, included in the territory of India., , ➤ A state legislature can make laws for, the whole or any part of the state., The laws made by a state legislature, are not applicable outside the state,, except when there is a sufficient nexus, between the state and the object., , ➤ The Parliament alone can make ‘extraterritorial legislation’. Thus, the laws, of the Parliament are also applicable to, the Indian citizens and their property, in any part of the world., • However, the Constitution places certain, restrictions on the plenary territorial, jurisdiction of the Parliament. In other, words, the laws of Parliament are not, applicable in the following areas:, , ➤ The President can make regulations, , Explanation:, , for the peace, progress and good, government of the four Union, Territories—theAndamanandNicobar, Islands, Lakshadweep, Dadra and, Nagar Haveli and Daman and Diu. A, regulation so made has the same force, and effect as an act of Parliament. It, may also repeal or amend any act of, Parliament in relation to these union, territories., , Federal Government, •, , A federal government, on the other hand,, is one in which powers are divided between, the national government and the regional, governments by the Constitution itself and, both operate in their respective jurisdictions, independently., , • The US, Switzerland, Australia, Canada,, Russia, Brazil, Argentina and so on have, the federal model of government., , ➤ The governor is empowered to, , In a federal model, the national government, is known as the Federal government or, the Central government or the Union, government and the regional government, is known as the state government or the, provincial government., , ➤ The Governor of Assam may likewise, , •, , direct that an act of Parliament, does not apply to a scheduled area, in the state or apply with specified, modifications and exceptions., direct that an act of Parliament does, not apply to a tribal area (autonomous, district) in the state or apply with, specified modifications and exceptions., The President enjoys the, same, power with respect to tribal areas, (autonomous districts) in Meghalaya,, Tripura and Mizoram., , • In Bommai case (1994), the Supreme, Court laid down that the Constitution, is federal and characterized federalism, as its ‘basic feature’., • The process of constitutional, amendment is less rigid in case of, Unitary Government., , 25. Correct Option: (a), Explanation:, , 26. Correct Option: (d), Explanation:, •, , Parliamentary Legislation in the, State Field: The Constitution empowers, the Parliament to make laws on any, matter enumerated in the State List, under the following five extraordinary, circumstances:, , •, , When Rajya Sabha Passes a Resolution:, If the Rajya Sabha declares that it is, , Centre State Relations, • The Constitution defines the territorial, limits of the legislative powers vested in, the Centre and the states in the following, way:

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BK IAS ACADEMY PT 2022, necessary in the national interest that, Parliament should make laws on a matter, in the State List, then the Parliament, becomes competent to make laws on, that matter. Such a resolution must be, supported by two-thirds of the members, present and voting. The resolution remains, in force for one year; it can be renewed, any number of times but not exceeding, one year at a time. The laws cease to have, effect on the expiration of six months after, the resolution has ceased to be in force., This provision does not restrict the power, of a state legislature to make laws on the, same matter. But, in case of inconsistency, between a state law and a parliamentary, law, the latter is to prevail., •, , •, , During a National Emergency: The, Parliament acquires the power to legislate, with respect to matters in the State List,, while a proclamation of national emergency, is in operation. The laws become inoperative, on the expiration of six months after the, emergency has ceased to operate. Here also,, the power of a state legislature to make, laws on the same matter is not restricted., But, in case of repugnancy between a state, law and a parliamentary law, the latter is, to prevail., When States Make a Request: When, the legislatures of two or more states pass, resolutions requesting the Parliament to, enact laws on a matter in the State List,, then the Parliament can make laws for, regulating that matter. A law so enacted, applies only to those states which have, passed the resolutions. However, any other, state may adopt it afterwards by passing a, resolution to that effect in its legislature., Such a law can be amended or repealed, only by the Parliament and not by the, legislatures of the concerned states. The, effect of passing a resolution under the, above provision is that the Parliament, becomes entitled to legislate with respect to, a matter for which it has no power to make a, law. On the other hand, the state legislature, ceases to have the power to make a law, with respect to that matter. The resolution, operates as abdication or surrender of the, power of the state legislature with respect, to that matter and it is placed entirely in, the hands of Parliament which alone can, then legislate with respect to it. Some, examples of laws passed under the above, provision are Prize Competition Act, 1955;, Wild Life (Protection) Act, 1972; Water, (Prevention and Control of Pollution) Act,, 1974; Urban Land (Ceiling and Regulation), Act, 1976; and Transplantation of Human, Organs Act, 1994., , [175], •, , To, Implement, International, Agreements: The Parliament can make, laws on any matter in the State List for, implementing the international treaties,, agreements or conventions. This provision, enables the Central government to, fulfil its international obligations and, commitments. Some examples of laws, enacted under the above provision are, United Nations (Privileges and Immunities), Act, 1947; Geneva Convention Act, 1960;, Anti-Hijacking Act, 1982 and legislations, relating to environment and TRIPS., , •, , During President’s Rule: When the, President’s rule is imposed in a state, the, Parliament becomes empowered to make, laws with respect to any matter in the, State List in relation to that state. A law, made so by the Parliament continues to be, operative even after the president’s rule., This means that the period for which such, a law remains in force is not co-terminus, with the duration of the President’s rule., But, such a law can be repealed or altered, or re-enacted by the state legislature., , 27. Correct Option: (d), Explanation:, Sarkaria Commission, •, , In 1983, the Central government appointed, a three-member Commission on Centre–, state relations under the chairmanship, of R S Sarkaria, a retired judge of the, Supreme Court. The Commission made 247, recommendations to improve Centre–state, relations. The important recommendations, are mentioned below:, , •, , The, Commission, made, 247, recommendations to improve Centre–state, relations. The important recommendations, are mentioned below:, , ➤ A, , permanent Inter-State Council, called the Inter-Governmental Council, should be set up under Article 263., , ➤ Article 356 (President’s Rule) should, be used very sparingly, in extreme, cases as a last resort when all the, available alternatives fail., , ➤ The institution of All-India Services, should be further strengthened and, some more such services should be, created., , ➤ The residuary powers of taxation, should continue to remain with the, Parliament, while the other residuary, powers should be placed in the, Concurrent List.

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857, , 176 BK IAS PT 2022 POLITY & CONSTITUTION, , ➤ When the president withholds his, assent to the state bills, the reasons, should be communicated to the state, government., , ➤, , ➤, , The National Development Council, (NDC) should be renamed and, reconstituted, as, the, National, Economic and Development Council, (NEDC)., The zonal councils should be, constituted afresh and reactivated to, promote the spirit of federalism., , ➤ The Centre should have powers to, deploy its armed forces, even without, the consent of states. However, it is, desirable that the states should be, consulted., , ➤ The Centre should consult the states, before making a law on a subject of, the Concurrent List., , ➤ The procedure of consulting the chief, minister in the appointment of the, state governor should be prescribed in, the Constitution itself., , ➤ The net proceeds of the corporation tax, may be made permissibly shareable, with the states., , ➤, , Thegovernor cannotdismissthecouncil, of ministers so long as it commands a, majority in the assembly., , ➤ The governor’s term of five years in a, state should not be disturbed except for, some extremely compelling reasons., , ➤ No commission of enquiry should be, set up against a state minister unless, a demand is made by the Parliament., , ➤ The surcharge on income tax should, not be levied by the Centre except for, a specific purpose and for a strictly, limited period., , ➤ The present division of functions, between the Finance Commission, and the Planning Commission is, reasonable and should continue., , ➤ Steps should be taken to uniformly, implement the three language formula, in its true spirit., , ➤ No autonomy for radio and television, but decentralisation, operations., , in, , their, , ➤ No change in the role of Rajya Sabha, and Centre’s power to reorganise the, states., , ➤, , The commissioner for linguistic, minorities should be activated., , 8574308854, 9717108622, , •, , The Central government has implemented, 180 (out of 247) recommendations of the, Sarkaria Commission. The most important, is the establishment of the Inter-State, Council in 1990, , 28. Correct Option: (a), Explanation:, Public Interest Litigation (PIL), • The Supreme Court evolved the following, principles in regard to PIL:, , ➤ The Court in exercise of powers under, Articles 32 and 226 of the Constitution, can entertain a petition filed by any, interested person in the welfare of the, people who are in a disadvantaged, position and thus not in a position, to knock the doors of the Court. The, Court is constitutionally bound to, protect the Fundamental Rights of, such disadvantaged people and direct, the State to fulfil its constitutional, promises., , ➤ When the issues of public importance,, enforcement of the fundamental rights, of large number of people vis-à-vis the, constitutional duties and functions of, the State are raised, the court treat a, letter or a telegram as a PIL. In such, cases, the court relaxes the procedural, laws and also the law relating to, pleadings., , ➤ Whenever injustice is meted out to, a large number of people, the court, will not hesitate to step in to invoke, Articles 14 and 21 of the Constitution, of India as well as the International, Conventions on Human Rights which, provide for a reasonable and fair, trial., , ➤ The common rule of locus standi, is relaxed so as to enable the, court to look into the grievances, complained on behalf of the poor,, deprived, illiterate and the disabled, who cannot vindicate the legal wrong, or legal injury caused to them for, violation of any constitutional or legal, right., , ➤ When the Court is prima facie satisfied, about violation of any constitutional, right of a group of people belonging, to the disadvantaged category, it may, not allow the State or the Government, from raising the question as to the, maintainability of the petition., , ➤ Although procedural laws apply on PIL, cases, the question as to whether the

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BK IAS ACADEMY PT 2022, principles of res judicata or principles, analogous thereto would apply depend, on the nature of the petition and also, facts and circumstances of the case., , [177], Constitution and democracy amongst, the citizens., , ➤ The citizens of the country look up to, the judiciary for the protection of their, rights and freedoms. This leads to, tremendous pressure on judiciary to, step in aid for the suffering masses., , ➤ The dispute between two warring, groups purely in the realm of private, law would not be allowed to be agitated, as a PIL., , ➤ However, in an appropriate case,, although the petitioner might have, moved a Court in his private interest, and for redressal of the personal, grievances, the Court in furtherance, of the public interest may treat it, necessary to enquire into the state of, affairs of the subject of litigation in, the interest of justice., , ➤ Judicial Enthusiasm, that is, the, judges like to participate in the, social reforms that take place in, the changing times. It encourages, the Public Interest Litigation and, liberalises the principle of ‘Locus, Standi’., , ➤ Legislative Vacuum, that is, there, may be certain areas, which have, not been legislated upon. It is, therefore, upon court to indulge, in judicial legislation and to meet, the changing social needs., , ➤ The Court in special situations may, appoint Commission or other bodies, for the purpose of investigating into, the allegations and finding out facts., It may also direct management of a, public institution taken over by such, Commission., , ➤ The Court will not, , ordinarily, transgress into a policy. It shall also, take utmost care not to transgress, its jurisdiction while purporting to, protect the rights of the people from, being violated., , ➤ The Court would ordinarily not step, out of the known areas of judicial, review. The High Court although, may pass an order for doing complete, justice to the parties, it does not have, a power akin to Article 142 of the, Constitution of India., , ➤ Ordinarily the High Court should, not entertain a writ petition by way, of PIL questioning constitutionality, or validity of a statute or a statutory, rule., •, , In a PIL, unlike traditional dispute, resolution mechanism, there is no, determination on adjudication of individual, rights., , 29. Correct Option: (c), Explanation:, , ➤ The Constitution of India has itself, adopted certain provisions,, which, gives judiciary enough scope to, legislate or to play an active role., • Similarly, Subhash Kashyap observes that, certain eventualities may be conceived, when the judiciary may have to overstep, its normal jurisdiction and intervene in, areas otherwise falling within the domain, of the legislature and the executive:, , ➤, , When the legislature fails, discharge its responsibilities., , to, , ➤ In case of a ‘hung’ legislature when, the government it provides is weak,, insecure and busy only in the struggle, for survival and, therefore, unable to, take any decision which displeases, any caste, community, or other group., , ➤ Those in power may be afraid of taking, honest and hard decisions for fear of, losing power and, for that reason, may, have public issues referred to courts, as issues of law in order to mark time, and delay decisions or to pass on the, odium of strong decision-making to, the courts., , ➤ Where the legislature and the, , • According to Dr. B.L. Wadehra, the reasons, for judicial activism are as follows:, , executive fail to protect the basic, rights of citizens, like the right to live, a decent life, healthy surroundings,, or to provide honest, efficient and just, system of laws and administration., , ➤ There is near collapse of the responsible, , ➤ Where the court of law is misused by, , government, when the Legislature, and Executive fail to discharge their, respective functions. This results, in erosion of the confidence in the, , a strong authoritarian parliamentary, party government for ulterior motives,, as was sought to be done during the, emergency aberration., , Judicial Activism

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857, , 178 BK IAS PT 2022 POLITY & CONSTITUTION, , 8574308854, 9717108622, , by a subsequent Presidential notification., Presidents have issued several orders, specifying the SCs and STs in different, states and union territories and these have, also been amended by the Parliament., , ➤ Sometimes, the courts themselves, knowingly or unknowingly become, victims of human, all too human,, weaknesses of craze for populism,, publicity, playing to the media and, hogging the headlines., , 30. Correct Option: (d), Explanation:, • All-India services are those services, which are common to both Central, and state governments. The members of, these services occupy top positions (or key, posts) under both the Centre and the states, and serve them by turns., •, , •, , At present, there are three all-India, services. They are:, , ➤, , Indian Administrative Service (IAS), , ➤, , Indian Police Service (IPS), , ➤, , Indian Forest Service (IFS), , The All-India Services Act of 1951, authorised the Central government to, make rules in consultation with the, state governments for the regulation, of recruitment and service conditions, of the members of all-India services., , • The members of these services are recruited, and trained by the Central government but, are assigned to different states for work., • The all-India services are controlled, jointly by the Central and state, governments., • The ultimate control lies with the Central, government while the immediate control, is vested in the state governments. Any, disciplinary action (imposition of penalties), against these officers can only be taken by, the Central government., , 31. Correct Option: (c), Explanation:, • The Constitution does not specify the castes, or tribes which are to be called the SCs or, the STs. It leaves to the President the, power to specify as to what castes or, tribes in each state and union territory, are to be treated as the SCs and STs., Thus, the lists of the SCs or STs vary from, state to state and union territory to union, territory., •, , In case of the states, the President, issues the notification after consulting, the governor of the state concerned. But,, any inclusion or exclusion of any caste or, tribe from Presidential notification can, be done only by the Parliament and not, , • Similarly, the Constitution has neither, specified the BCs nor used a single uniform, expression to characterise the BCs. The, expression ‘BCs’ means such backward, classes of citizens other than the SCs and, the STs as may be specified by the Central, Government. Thus the expression ‘BCs’ in, this context means the ‘Other Backward, Classes’ (OBCs) as the SCs and STs are, also backward classes of citizens., • Unlike in the case of SCs, STs and, OBCs, the Constitution has defined, the persons who belong to the AngloIndian community. Accordingly, ‘an, Anglo-Indian means a person whose father, or any of whose other male progenitors in, the male line is or was of European descent, but who is domiciled within the territory, of India and is or was born within such, territory of parents habitually resident, therein and not established there for, temporary purposes only’., , 32. Correct Option: (d), Explanation:, Assamese Language, •, , On December 23, 2019, the Assam Cabinet, nodded to make Assamese language, the state language of Assam. This will, exclude BTAD (Bodoland Territorial, Administrative, Districts),, Barak, Valley and Hill districts of Assam., , • The principal language spoken in Assam, is Assamese or Asamiya. Assamese is, regarded as the lingua-franca of the whole, northeast India. Assamese is one of the, languages recognized and listed in, the 8th Schedule of the Constitution, of India. Majority of its speakers live in, the Brahmaputra valley of the Assam,, which accounts for two third of total Assam, population (approximately 20 million as, per Census Report 2011)., • Assamese and Bodo are the official, languages in Assam, whereas in some of, the districts in the Barak Valley, Bengali, enjoys the official status. It is the easternmost language of the Indo-Aryan European, family of languages. It gradually evolved, from the Sanskrit language about the, 7th century AD. However, its vocabulary,, phonology and grammar have substantially, been influenced by the original inhabitants, of Assam, such as the Bodos and the, Kacharis.

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BK IAS ACADEMY PT 2022, •, , [179], ➤ one member each to be nominated, , Sindhi was added in 1967 by 21st, constitutional amendment act; Konkani,, Manipuri and Nepali were added in, 1992 by 71st Constitutional Amendment, Act; and Bodo, Dogri, Maithili and Santali, were added in 2003 by 92nd Constitutional, Amendment Act., , from the Reserve Bank of India, (RBI), the Securities and Exchange, Board of India (SEBI), the Insurance, Regulatory, and, Development, Authority of India (IRDAI), and, the Pension Fund Regulatory and, Development Authority (PFRDA),, , 33. Correct Option: (c), , ➤ two members from among officials, of the Ministry of Finance, and, , Explanation:, , ➤ two members to be appointed on, , Disha Act, •, , •, , The Andhra Pradesh Legislative, Assembly, on December, 13,, 2019,, passed the Andhra Pradesh Disha Bill,, 2019 (Andhra Pradesh Criminal Law, (Amendment) Act 2019). The bill provides, for awarding death sentence for offences of, rape and gangrape and expediting trials of, such cases to within 21 days., , the recommendation of a Search, Committee., Members will have, a term of three years, subject to, reappointment., •, , The Act envisages the completion of, investigation in seven days and trial in, 14 working days, where there is adequate, conclusive evidence, and reducing the, total judgment time to 21 days from the, existing four months. The AP Disha Act, also prescribes life imprisonment for, other sexual offences against children and, includes Section 354 F and 354 G in IPC., , • Disha is the name given to a veterinarian, who was raped and murdered in Hyderabad, on November 27., , • Other functions of the Authority include:, , ➤ regulating any, , other, financial, products, financial services,, or, financial institutions in an IFSC,, which may be notified by the central, government, and, , • The government of India has launched a, National Registry of Sexual offenders, but the database is not digitized and is, not accessible to the public. In the Andhra, Pradesh Disha Act, 2019, the Andhra, Pradesh government will establish, operate, and maintain a register in electronic form,, to be called the ‘Women & Children, Offenders Registry’., • This registry will be made public and will, be available to law enforcement agencies., , 34. Correct Option: (b), Explanation:, • The Bill will apply to all International, Financial Services Centres (IFSCs) set, up under the Special Economic Zones Act,, 2005., •, , International Financial Services, Centres Authority: The Bill sets up the, International Financial Services Centres, Authority. It will consist of nine members,, appointed by the central government., Members of the Authority will include:, , ➤ the Chairperson,, , Functions of the Authority: The, Authority will regulate financial, products (such as securities, deposits, or contracts of insurance), financial, services, and financial institutions, which have been previously approved, by any appropriate regulator (such as, RBI or SEBI), in an IFSC. It will follow, all processes which are applicable to such, financial products, financial services, and, financial institutions under their respective, laws. The appropriate regulators are listed, in a Schedule to the Bill, and includes, the RBI, SEBI, IRDAI, and PFRDA. The, central government may amend this, schedule through a notification., , ➤ recommending any other financial, products, financial services,, or, financial institutions to the central, government, which may be permitted, in an IFSC., •, , International Financial Services, Centres Authority Fund: The Bill sets, up the International Financial Services, Centres Authority Fund. The following, items will be credited to the Fund:, , ➤ all grants, fees and charges received, by the Authority, and, , ➤ all sums received by the Authority, from various sources, as decided by, the central government., • The Fund will be used for:, , ➤, , salaries, allowances and other, remuneration, of, members, and, employees of the Authority, and, , ➤, , expenses incurred by the Authority.

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857, , 180 BK IAS PT 2022 POLITY & CONSTITUTION, , •, , 8574308854, 9717108622, , Further, the central government may, provide grants to the Authority for the, regulation of IFSCs., , • Performance Review Committee: The, Authority will constitute a Performance, Review Committee to review its functioning., The Review Committee will consist of at, least two members of the Authority. It, will review whether: (i) the Authority has, adhered to the provisions of the applicable, laws while exercising powers or performing, functions, (ii) the regulations made by, the Authority promote transparency and, best practices of governance, and (iii), the Authority is managing risks to its, functioning in a reasonable manner., , 36. Correct Option: (a), Explanation:, • The proposed Bill has following provisions:, , ➤, , ➤ Recognition of identity of Transgender, Persons and to confer upon them right, to self perceived gender identity., , ➤ Provision of right of, with parents and, family members., , Explanation:, • The Department of Pharmaceuticals was, created on the 1st of July in the year 2008, in the Ministry of Chemicals & Fertilizers, with the objective to give greater focus, and thrust on the development of, pharmaceutical sector in the country and, to regulate various complex issues related, to pricing and availability of medicines at, affordable prices, research & development,, protection of intellectual property rights, and international commitments related, to pharmaceutical sector which required, integration of work with other Ministries., •, , schemes, and, programmes, for, education, social security and health, of Transgender Persons., , ➤ To make India the Largest Global, Provider of Quality, Reasonable Prices., •, , Medicines, , at, , MISSION:, , ➤ Ensure availability of quality drugs at, reasonable prices as per the Pharma, Policy., , ➤, , ➤ Provision for National Council for, Transgender Persons to advice,, monitor and evaluate measures for, the protection of their rights., • The Bill will make all the stakeholders, responsive and accountable for upholding, the principles underlying the Bill. It, will bring greater accountability on the, part of the Central Government and, State Governments/Union Territories, Administrations for issues concerning, Transgender persons., • The Bill will benefit a large number of, transgender persons, mitigate the stigma,, discrimination and abuse against this, marginalized section and bring them into, the mainstream of society. It will lead to, greater inclusiveness and will make the, transgender persons productive members, of the society., •, , VISION:, , Promote Pharma Brand India., , ➤ Encourage, , environmentally, sustainable, development, of, Pharmaceutical Industry, , ➤ To establish NIPERs as nationally, and internationally recognized brand, in the field of education and research, of pharmaceutical sciences for the, benefit of human kind., , Residence, immediate, , ➤ Provision for formulation of welfare, , • Transaction in foreign currency: As, per the Bill, all transactions of financial, services in IFSCs will be in such foreign, currency as specified by the Authority, in, consultation with the central government., , 35. Correct Option: (b), , Non discrimination against a, Transgender Person in educational, institutions, employment, healthcare, services etc., , It provides every transgender person, a Right of Residence with parents and, immediate family members and be included, in his household., , 37. Correct Option: (b), Explanation:, Supplementary notes:, Main Features of India’s Nuclear Doctrine, • Building and maintaining a credible, minimum deterrent., • A “No First Use” posture; nuclear weapons, to be used only “in retaliation against a, nuclear attack on Indian territory or on, Indian forces anywhere”., • Nuclear retaliation to a first strike will, be “massive” and designed to inflict, “unacceptable damage”.

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BK IAS ACADEMY PT 2022, , [181], , •, , Nuclear retaliatory attacks to be authorized, only by civilian political leadership, through the Nuclear Command, Authority., , •, , Non use of nuclear weapons against non, nuclear weapon states., , •, , Continuance of strict controls on export, of nuclear and missile related materials, and technologies, participation in FMCT, negotiations, continued moratorium on, testing., , • India to retain option of retaliating with, nuclear weapons in the event of a major, attack against it with biological or chemical, weapons., • Continued commitment to goal of nuclear, weapon free world, through global, verifiable, and non discriminatory disarmament., , •, , Ministerial Conference is WTO’s top, level decision making body. It meets once, in two years., , •, , WTO Agreements:, , ➤ For Goods – Marrakesh Agreement, (1995), and, Trade, Agreement ( 2017), , ➤ For Services – General Agreement, on Trade in Services, , ➤, , For Intellectual Property - The, Agreement on Trade-Related Aspects, of Intellectual Property Rights, (TRIPS), , Functions, , ➤ Administering, , WTO, , Trade, , Agreement, , ➤ Act as forum for trade negotiation, , 38. Correct Option: (d), , ➤, , Explanation:, • Statement 1 is incorrect: WTO came into, existence in Uruguay Rounds of 19861994 negotiations being held under the, General Agreement on Trade and Tariffs, (GATT)., • Statement 2 is incorrect: All decisions in, WTO Ministerial are made by consensus., •, , Facilitation, , Statement 3 is incorrect: There are, no WTO definitions of “developed” and, “developing” countries. Members announce, for themselves whether they are “developed”, or “developing” countries., , ➤ Monitoring trade policies, ➤ Cooperation with other international, organization, •, , • It is a successor to the General Agreement, on Tariffs and Trade (GATT) established, in the wake of the Second World War., • Several rounds of negotiations were held, under GATT., • WTO came into existence in Uruguay, , Explanation:, •, , Members – 164 and together,, constitute 98% of the global trade, , •, , In 2000, 4th WTO Ministerial led to a new, round of negotiation, Doha Development, Agenda, which is still in progress., , Supplementary Notes:, Gallantary Awards, •, , Post-independence, first three gallantry, awards namely the Param Vir Chakra,, the Maha Vir Chakra and the Vir, Chakra were instituted by the Government, of India on 26th January, 1950 which, were deemed to have effect from the 15th, August, 1947., , •, , The Ashoka Chakra Class-I, the Ashoka, Chakra Class-II and the Ashoka Chakra, Class-III were instituted by the Government, of India on 4th January, 1952, which, were deemed to have effect from the 15th, August, 1947. These awards were renamed, as the Ashoka Chakra, the Kirti Chakra, and the Shaurya Chakra respectively in, January, 1967., , they, , •, , Mandate – to open trade for the benefit, for all, , •, , All decisions are made by consensus., , •, , WTO Headquarters is in Geneva,, Switzerland. It has no other branch, office., , Statement 1 is incorrect: Along with, Air Force, Navy and Army, even paramilitary, state police and civilians, are also eligible to receive the Gallantary, awards for their act of bravery., , • Statement 3 is incorrect: These awards, announced twice in a year., , Rounds of 1986-1994 through Marrakesh, Agreement in 1995., •, , In News - US President Donald Trump, has questioned ‘Developing Tag’ for India, and China., , 39. Correct Option: (b), , Supplementary Notes:, World Trade Organization (WTO), , Handling trade disputes

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857, , 182 BK IAS PT 2022 POLITY & CONSTITUTION, , •, , These gallantry awards are announced, twice in a year - first on the occasion of the, Republic Day and then on the occasion, of the Independence Day., , •, , Order of precedence of these awards is:, , 8574308854, 9717108622, , a controlled/test regulatory environment, for which regulators may permit certain, regulatory relaxations for the limited, purpose of the testing., •, , RBI said the objective of the sandbox was, to foster responsible innovation in financial, services, promote efficiency and bring, benefit to consumers., , •, , The proposed FinTech solution should, highlight an existing gap in the financial, ecosystem and the proposal should, demonstrate how it would address the, problem, and bring benefits to consumers, or the industry and/or perform the same, work more efficiently., RBI will launch the sandbox for entities, , ➤ Param Vir Chakra, ➤ Ashoka Chakra, ➤, , Mahavir Chakra, , ➤ Kirti Chakra, ➤ Vir Chakra, ➤, •, , Shaurya Chakra, , Selection Process, , ➤ Ministry, , of, Defence, invites, recommendations twice in a year, from the Armed Forces and Union, Ministry of Home Affairs, for, gallantry awards., , ➤ Recommendations in respect, , of, civilian citizens (other than Defence, personnel) are received from the, Union Ministry of Home Affairs, (MHA)., , •, , that meet the criteria of minimum net, worth of 25 lakh as per their latest, audited balance sheet., • The entity should either be a company, incorporated and registered in the country, or banks licensed to operate in India., •, , ➤ Recommendations, , received, from, the Armed Forces and MHA are, considered by the Central Honours, & Awards Committee (CH&AC), comprising of Raksha Mantri, three, Service Chiefs & Defence Secretary., Home Secretary is also member for the, cases recommended by the Ministry of, Home Affairs., , •, , Thereafter, recommendations of, the, CH&AC are submitted for approval of, the Prime Minister and the President., After approval of the President, awards are, announced on the occasion of the Republic, Day and Independence Day., , 40. Correct Option: (d), Explanation:, • Option (d) is correct: The Reserve Bank, of India (RBI) issued the final framework, for regulatory sandbox in order to enable, innovations in the financial technology, space., , While money transfer services, digital, know-your customer, financial inclusion, and cyber security products are included,, crypto currency, credit registry and credit, information have been left out., , 41. Correct Option: (c), Explanation:, •, , Statement 1 is correct: The Security, Council consists of fifteen members. The, body’s presidency rotates monthly among, its members., , •, , Statement 2 is incorrect: The Security, Council meets year-round, unlike the, General Assembly., , Supplementary Notes:, • It is one of the six principal organs of the, United Nations (UN)., • Like the UN as a whole, it was created, following World War II to address the, failings of a previous international, organization, the League of Nations, in, maintaining world peace., , Supplementary Notes:, , • The council held its first session in 1946., , Regulatory Sand Box, , • It is the only body of the UN with the, authority to issue binding resolutions to, member states., , • The Reserve Bank of India (RBI) issued, the final framework for regulatory, sandbox in order to enable innovations, in the financial technology space., • A regulatory sandbox usually refers to, live testing of new products or services in, , • The Security Council consists of fifteen, members:, , ➤ The great powers that were the victors, of World War II – the Soviet Union

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BK IAS ACADEMY PT 2022, (now represented by Russia), the, United Kingdom, France, Republic, of China (now represented by the, People’s Republic of China), and the, United States – serve as the body’s, five permanent members., , ➤ These can veto any substantive, resolution, including those on the, admission of new member states or, nominees for the office of SecretaryGeneral., , ➤ In addition, the council has 10 nonpermanent members, elected on a, regional basis to serve a term of two, years., , ➤ The body’s presidency rotates monthly, among its members., • Resolutions of the Security Council are, typically enforced by UN peacekeepers,, military forces voluntarily provided by, member states and funded independently, of the main UN budget., • Unlike the General Assembly, the Security, Council meets year-round. Each Security, Council, member, must, have, a, representative, available, at, UN, Headquarters at all times in case an, emergency meeting becomesnecessary., •, , In news: On a request from China,, consultations on Kashmir were scheduled, by United Nations Security Council, (UNSC) recently to discuss Kashmir, (India’s abrogation of Article 370)., , 42. Correct Option: (b), Explanation:, • Option (b) is correct: ‘ASEAN Way’ is a, form of interaction among ASEAN members, that is informal and cooperative., Supplementary Notes:, , [183], • It also aimed to promote regional peace and, stability based on the rule of law and the, principles of the United Nations Charter., • It is headquartered in Jakarta, Indonesia., ASEAN Way, • Over the years the ASEAN member, countries have developed a form of, interaction that is informal, nonconfrontationist and cooperative, called the ASEAN Way., • It is in sync with the modest ideas and, goals of the ASEAN., • Unlike the European Union, there is, little desire in ASEAN for supranational, structures and institutions, , 43. Correct Option: (c), Explanation:, • Option (c) is correct: Operation Sunrise, is a joint operation conducted by India &, Myanmar., Supplementary Notes:, Operation Sunrise, • The armies of India and Myanmar carried, out a three-week-long coordinated, operation in their respective border areas,, targeting several militant groups operating, in Manipur, Nagaland, and Assam., • The first phase of “Operation Sunrise” was, conducted three months ago along the IndoMyanmar border, during which a number of, camps of north-east-based militant groups, were busted., , 44. Correct Option: (a), Explanation:, •, , Association of Southeast Asian Nations, (ASEAN), • ASEAN was established in 1967 by five, countries of this region — Indonesia,, Malaysia, the Philippines, Singapore,, and Thailand — by signing the Bangkok, Declaration. Over the years, Brunei,, Vietnam, Laos, Myanmar, and Cambodia, joined ASEAN taking its strength to ten., • The objectives of ASEAN were primarily, to accelerate economic growth and, through that ‘social progress and cultural, development’ in the south east Asian, region., , Option (a) is correct: Marshall Plan, influenced the establishment of the, Organisation for European Economic, Cooperation in 1948., , Supplementary Notes:, The Marshall Plan, •, , Aided by the Cold War, America extended, massive financial help to Europe for, reviving Europe’s economy under a plan, called the Marshall Plan., , •, , Under the Marshall Plan, the Organisation, for European Economic Cooperation was, established in 1948 channeling aid to the, western European states.

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857, , 184 BK IAS PT 2022 POLITY & CONSTITUTION, , •, , Its members were- France, West Germany,, Italy, Belgium, the Netherlands, and, Luxembourg., , 45. Correct Option: (b), , Separatism, and Extremism., •, , • Statement 1 is incorrect: The First, Meeting of the Japan-India Space Dialogue, was held in Delhi., Supplementary Notes:, Japan-India Space Dialogue, The Japan-India Space Dialogue,, established in October 2018 aims to keep, pace with the U.S., China, and Russia in, the area of space., , • The First Meeting of the Japan-India, Space Dialogue was held in Delhi on March, 8, 2019., • The dialogue brought together outer spacerelated ministries and agencies in two, countries and provided an opportunity to, exchange information on the Space Policy, of each country and to hold discussions, on space security, bilateral cooperation, between JAXA-ISRO, their spaceindustries,, global navigation satellite system, space, situational awareness (SSA), space-related, norms and other areas of mutual interest., • Both sides shared the view that they, would deepen the mutual understanding, of respective space policies and explore, concrete cooperation between the two, countries., • Both sides also decided to hold this dialogue, on a regular basis to enhance bilateral, cooperation, , 46. Correct Option: (c), Explanation:, • Statements 3 and 5 are incorrect:, India and Pakistan are not the founding, member of SCO., , Explanation:, • Statement 2 is incorrect: India and the, United States recently signed the First, Amendment to the Statement of Guiding, Principles (SGP) on Triangular Cooperation, for Global Development., Supplementary Notes:, Triangular, Cooperation, Development, , Cooperation, , •, , • Itaimed to cooperate against non-traditional, security challenges, in particular fighting, the so-called “three evils” of Terrorism,, , Global, , The SGP agreement was signed in, November 2014. It underscores the, contribution of India-U.S. partnership to, global stability and prosperity., , • It provides a framework for promoting, cooperation between the two countries, to meet the developmental aspirations, of partner countries, particularly in, Asia and Africa., •, , The First Amendment to the SGP, Agreement extends the validity of the SGP, agreement upto 2021., , • It expands the scope of capacity building, activities undertaken jointly by India and, the US under this framework and also, provides a consultative mechanism for, joint biannual monitoring and review of, activities undertaken under the SGP., •, , Under the agreement, India and the US, will continue to offer capacity-building, assistance to partner countries in multiple, sectors, focusing primarily on agriculture,, regional, connectivity,, trade, and, investments, nutrition, health, clean and, renewable energy, women empowerment,, disaster preparedness, water, sanitation,, education, and institution building., , •, , The agreement helps in fulfilling the, joint commitment of both nations to work, together and leverage their combined, capacities to provide demand-driven, development partnership., , Organisation, , • It was founded in June 2001 by China,, Russia, and the Central Asian states of, Kazakhstan, Kyrgyzstan, Tajikistan,, and Uzbekistan., , for, , • India and the United States recently, signed the First Amendment to the, Statement of Guiding Principles (SGP), on Triangular Cooperation for Global, Development, mainly focused on Asia, and Africa., , Supplementary Notes:, Shanghai, (SCO), , India and Pakistan joined SCO in 2017 at a, summit in Astana, Kazakhstan, , 47. Correct Option: (a), , Explanation:, , •, , 8574308854, 9717108622

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BK IAS ACADEMY PT 2022, , [185], , 48. Correct Option: (c), , responsible democratic country and a true, friend and neighbour to the Afghanistan., , Explanation:, Both statements are correct, Supplementary notes:, , •, , Indian is engaged with Afghanistan by, following ways:, , •, , Developing social, hospitals, schools;, , •, , Public infrastructure such as Salma dam,, and parliament building ;, , •, , Humanitarian assistance such as medical, missions;, , •, , Training of military officer and soldiers;, , •, , Military warfare such as, military, helicopters and repairing the old soviet era, helicopters., , •, , India is likely concerned that any deal, that could introduce the Taliban back into, the Afghan government could dilute its, political influence in Afghanistan., , •, , India’s hedge toward Iran, by investing in, the construction of the Chabahar port (the, only Iranian port with direct access to the, Indian Ocean), could pave the way for a, continuing economic role., , •, , But India would probably see a peace, agreement, particularly one championed, by Pakistan, as a short-term setback to its, interests in Afghanistan., , goAML, •, , •, , This platform was developed by United, Nations Office on Drugs and Crimes, (UNODC) as a strategic, response, against financial crime, as advised by, the Conference of Parties to the United, Nations Convention against Transnational, Organized Crime., It is a one-stop, fully integrated solution, that meets the IT needs of most Financial, Intelligence Unit (FIUs), with the primary, objective of enhancing the capacity of, member states to detect financial crime and, to meet international standards relating to, money laundering and terrorist financing., , •, , The UAE’s Financial Intelligence Unit, (FIU) launched the new anti-money, laundering platform ‘goAML’ (Anti-Money, Laundering) to curb the organized crimes., , •, , The UAE has become the first country in, the Gulf to launch a new reporting platform, developed by the United Nations Office, on Drugs and Crime (UNODC) to curb, organized crimes. All financial institutions, in the country have to report any suspicious, transactions through this platform., , •, , The platform will help the FIU prevent, money laundering, financing of terrorism, and other illicit financial activities., , 49. Correct Option: (d), Explanation:, , •, , Afghanistan is a gateway for the northsouth corridor for India., , •, , Afghanistan has a rich source of oil which, can help India to full fill their demand., , •, , India developed Chahbar port to increase, import and export with Afghan and counter, Pakistan in West Sea., , •, , Elusive peace in afghan can help India, project of TAPI., , •, , It will help India to overcome China’s OneRoad-One-Belt initiatives., , Afghan Peace Process and India, •, , With limited options of intervention in, Afghanistan, India is playing a role of a, , as, , Afghan as an elusive benefit for India:, , All statements are correct, Supplementary notes:, , infrastructure, , **********