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THE FUNCTIONS OF A TEACHER
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Bertrand Arthur William Russell,, ▪ 18 May 1872 – 2 February 1970, ▪ As an academic, he worked in philosophy, mathematics, and logic., ▪ His work has had a considerable influence on mathematics, logic,, set theory, linguistics, artificial intelligence, cognitive science,, computer science, and in various other areas
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Awards, ▪ De Morgan Medal (1932), ▪ Sylvester Medal (1934), ▪ Nobel Prize in Literature (1950), , ▪ Kalinga Prize (1957), ▪ Jerusalem Prize (1963
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The Nobel Prize in Literature 1950 was, awarded to Earl (Bertrand Arthur, William) Russell “in recognition of his, varied and significant writings in which, he champions humanitarian ideals and, freedom of thought.”
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Works, ▪ The Conquest of Happiness, ▪ Analysis of Mind, ▪ Principia Mathematica, , ▪ Has Man a Future, ▪ Why I am Not a Christian
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The Functions of a Teacher, ▪ 1940 ., ▪ Harpers Magazine, June.
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▪Russell demonstrates the Functions of a Teacher:, his role in thesociety., ▪He compares and contrasts his role in the past with, that of present., ▪Teachers are more than any other class “the, guardians of civilisation ".
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▪Russell criticizes that a Teacher is respected, theoretically but practically there are many, questions related to his role., ▪A Quantitative change : In the past, teaching was, considered to be highly skilled profession affecting, directly only a small number of people.
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▪ Now, education is recelved by majorlity of population., ▪ The Qualitative Change: "Socrates was put to death and Plato is, said to have been thrown into prison because of their, , revolutionary ideas although no direct interference by the public, or the government was seen in the past., ▪ In the Middle ages, teaching was the sole right of clergymen.
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▪ In Renaissance, teachers enjoyed some freedom but punishments, were given_so dogmatists controlled the learning, , ▪ Now , the teachers are supposed to instill beliefs and prejudices, ofhis employers, bureaucracy and the government.
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▪Universal truth: teacher has become a civil servant, today only to preach what is dictated by the, bureaucracy who is unaware of the significance of, true teaching.
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▪ Many governments want to exploit the potentialities of education, and pressurizing the teachers to propagate particular dogmatic, , beliefs and stopping them to speak openly on any subject., ▪ It only produces bigoted zealots., , ▪ Examples from Nazi Gemany and Communist Russia more, aggravated after the first world war., , ▪ No international spirit in education
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The Real Purpose of the Teacher, Defence against Dogmatism:▪ The teacher main function is to prevent dogmatism in society , it is, bad lucky for humanity if dogmatic beliefs spreads everywhere, , and these beliefs would win the war and new ideas have been, taken last breath in the lap of dogmatism .Dogmatists are giving, the lesson of hatred against one another , that is common in, , modern time. So , at the end , this is main duty of the teacher .
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▪ Damages the democratic spirit: dogmatists cherish false, beliefs,suppression of free discussion and prohibition of the, , atmosphere ofaccepting opposite ideas., ▪ Teachers are supposed to follow intellectual bondage in order to, , defend the totalitarian government., ▪ it thinks that uneducated,unaware and ignorant public can make, strong state
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The Basic Duties of Teachers:In comes to seeing , usually , teachers are indulged in in political parties or some, religious parties , it is very common these beliefs come into their students . In fact ,, Russell is keen opponent of it, he says that a teacher ‘s duty is that he should create an, ability in his student which is impartial investigation . Actually , Russell talks about, scientific approach as well as scientific thoughts .What is wrong and what is right , it, should be on students own their thoughts not on creed belief .The teachers should not, , instill any dogma or any prejudices of any privatization or government in their, students. He should see both sides of the picture.
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“The function of a teacher, however, is not, merely to mitigate the heat of current, controversies. He has more positive tasks, to perform, and he cannot be a great, teacher unless he is inspired by a wish to, perform these tasks. Teachers are more, than any other class the guardians of, civilization. They should be intimately, aware of what civilization is, and desirous, of imparting a civilized attitude to their, pupils.”
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▪ It has made ditficult for teacher to carry out the real functions of, education because it can make the world either static or, , shattered., , ▪ Role of a teacher, his sphere of work and duty must be defined, well.Must be outside the political likes and dislikes
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▪ A teacher must have the freedom to teach the students scientific, , investigation about all issues and matters having positive ideals, inhis own minds., ▪ It should be one of the functions of the teacher to open ideas, , before his pupils- preventing the growth of desire to rob others of, joys .
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▪ 1. He must cultivate a truly international outlook, ▪ 2. Must think of present, its problems and controversies in, , theperspective of the past and the future, ▪ 3. Must be aware of the vastness of geological time frame, ▪ 4Must be able to rise above emotions and admire the great minds .must, , not be lilke her when neither thinks of his own, ▪ 5 must not be like a gardener who does not allow plants growbeliefs, neither of the welfare of people.
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▪ According to Russell, thwarting the natural growth of a child, , results and destructive instinct in the studentntal strength but, also develops cruety., ▪ A real teacher always channelizes the positive impulses and, instinctsn in the students .
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Hindrances in the functions of a teacher, , 1. Overworked: a teacher must not do all the time real teaching, likeany other professional, , 2. Exam-oriented education: should be liberalized mental training, 3. Feel harassed: should be free to teach with the sense of delight., Man is different from animals who kill strangers but a civilized, manwelcomes and this tolerance is developed by a teacher.
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Overworked Teachers:-, , There are so many teachers that are not performing their real, , function because behind of it there are so many reasons. First, many teachers are given to overworked for preparing examinations, instead of lightening their mind . Their students are prepared for, jobs , for gaining marks rather than liberalizing mind .
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“Most teachers are overworked and are, compelled to prepare their pupils for, examinations rather than to give them a, liberalizing mental training. The result is that, many of them become harassed and nervous,, out of touch with recent work in the subjects, that they teach, and unable to inspire their, students with a sense of the intellectual, delights to be obtained from new, understanding and new knowledge.”
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▪ Teachers must enjoy freedom to teach ‘what and how’., ▪ Comparesa teacher with an artist and the creative writer_ real, , dutyof a teacher a lowed to accomplish.
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Eradicate of Interference in the Work, of Teacher :▪ “The teachers have no authority to decide what shall be taught or, what the methods of instruction are to be.”, ▪ Here, Russell suggests that a teacher must be free in their decision, , liberty his by birth right but unfortunately , there are a lot of, authorities who are using them.
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The only way to prevent totalitarianism, in our highly organized world is to, secure a certain degree of, independence for bodies performing, useful public work, and among such, bodies teachers deserve a foremost, place.”
