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General interpretations chapter ii – by : dr. Stuart close
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Lecture 1
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Objectives or key points, Aim of Science, Art of Observation, Law of constancy, Law of reciprocal action, Law of Vis Inertia, Law of specification, Law of Causation
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introduction, The Philosophy of Homoeopathy rests upon the following general interpretations of the System of Nature which Science universally recognizes as fundamental., The following propositions which had been described by Dr S Close are slightly modified from the original postulations which are drawn from Von Grauvogl's Text Book of Homoeopathy. (Nuremburg, 1865; London, New York and Chicago, 1870. Trans. by George E. Shipman, M. D.)
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General interpretations, 1)The laws and ways of Nature are uniform and harmonious. , 2) Effects follow causes in unbroken succession. , 3) To every action there is an equal and opposite reaction. , 4) Action and reaction are ceaseless, equivalent and reciprocal. , .
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General interpretations, 5. Motion is ceaseless and transformation continuous. , 6. Matter is indestructible and infinitely divisible. , 7. Force is persistent and indestructible. , 8. The quantity of action necessary to effect any change in nature is the least possible
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Aim of Science, to set up in place of the contingent that which law makes necessary, , to refer every particular to its universal. , These ideas connects the idea of science with the idea of matter.
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Art of observation, We must gain living space in time , Not by the empiric accumulation of facts perceived, but by their well weighed appreciation, according to the eternal law of nature, We must be able to avoid the uncertain and surprise from ech ane every fact that we arrived by the process of the analysis and expirimentation and connect with the eternal law of nature , Thus our idea can show their independence , Connecting the vision with practical part is termed as the Art of Observation
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laws, Every thing happening in this universe is directed by the need, with out the production of the need nothing will took place., And the cause of this need is the unconditional need of balance- which is the ultimate truth which governs the universe as the law., Example , Origin and flow of Air current, Origin and flow of Water current, Thus laws does not cause the existence or origin, but it is the explanation of the connection between the existence and end of every thing in the world . , Because of the fundamental law we understand the phenomenon , Laws of nature, in general, are deductions of experience and observations with regard to the necessary course of events or phenomena from given elements
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Fundamental Law of Nature, Every change of state or event has a number of causes, known as primary and secondary causes, or as cause and conditions. Ie with out cause or reason nothing will happen this is the fundamental law of nature. , Example: A spark of fire, put into a barrel of powder, is the cause of the explosion that follows. The chemical composition of the constituents of the powder and their mode of combination supply the necessary conditions for explosion to occur, It can also be termed as the law of causation which state that no effect comes till the cause occurs.
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Law of Constancy, accordance with the law of constancy of bodies and forces, all bodies remain essentially the same under all circumstances un till a need or cause developed, Example: Chlorine remains chlorine, and hydrogen remains hydrogen always. • Only as they are combined according to the laws of chemical affinity, and certain definite proportions, do they change their state and become hydrochloric acid., Example : The cause of tuberculosis is the tubercle bacillus. The necessary conditions for (secondary causes of) the action of the bacillus are the peculiar bodily constitution, predisposition, susceptibility and environment of the patient. Without these causes, no one would ever have tuberculosis.
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Law of reciprocal action, All changes in nature are the result of the reciprocal action (action and reaction) of bodies and forces, But here an important distinction must be made between animate and inanimate bodies and forces; between living organisms and machines., Reciprocal action is mediate and immediate. , Within the living organism, bodies and forces act immediately,, in a machine they act mediately., Example: Food does not pass spontaneously into the blood, nor is the blood changed spontaneously into bile or urine, but these things occur by virtue of living, intelligent, reciprocal causes and effects residing and taking place within the organism.
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Knowledge of life, Science derives the knowledge of life from a collective understanding of the facts of observation and experiences in connection with the laws which derives the form of their necessity.
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Law of vis inertiae, The law of vis inertiae teaches that all internal changes of bodies in nature are the results of an external cause, for without 'this all bodies would remain in the same state in which they were placed., , Derivation : Law of Inertia : Newtons 1st law : an object will not change its motion unless a force acts on it.
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Law of Causation v/s Law of vis inertiae, In Medical science and especially in therapeutics, rigid discrimination must be made between the two relations of state and changes according to these two laws (causation and vis inertiae,), Since the action of the curative agents introduced into the body as external causes, for the purpose of changing a state of disease into a state of health, can only be determined by paying due regard to the conditions of age, sex, constitution, predisposition, etc., as manifested by symptoms or phenomena.
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Law of specification, According to the law of specification, every change of form or function in organism is accompanied by a corresponding changed combination of matter., when we observe any physical phenomena undergoing a change in the organism we know that chemico-vital changes are going on at the same time.
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Two things constitute disease, The qualities of the organism, which constitute the conditions for the disease; , The external causes of the disease
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Cause & character of disease, Instead of seeking the cause and character of a presenting form of disease only in that which is immediate and near at hand, we should seek the more remote causes which have manifested themselves in the sequence of disorders and diseases which have preceded the present form., , All functioning of the living organism depends upon a constant reciprocal action between the different constituents of the body within itself, and of the organism as a whole with its environment, the external world and its constituents.
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disease, According to the laws of causation and vis inertiae, every part of the whole is at the same time active and passive, or in a state of approximate equilibrium of motion or rest. , Disease, strictly speaking, is neither an action nor a reaction, but only a new or changed state of the organism caused by the interaction of an external cause with the internal constituents of the organism
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forces, Physically speaking, forces are properties of substances, or bodies. Those properties which are specific of bodies under all circumstances, which are necessay and constant, which isolate them perfectly from all other bodies and give each its individuality, can properly be called forces., They may be divided into changeable and unchangeable forces., Any change in bodies produced by an external cause takes place only within their changeable forces for properties, as in their volume, density, color, or manner of chemical combination
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REPULSION OR ATTRACTION, The basic or unchangeable forces of matter which are the properties of its masses, are divided into forces of repulsion or attraction., Both may act at a distance or by contact, Due to which we find that the like repel and the unlike attract each other.
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In the organic world, there are no simple bodies, but only the simple, primary substance (the incorporeal life substance itself), of which, in combination with the chemical elements, all living organized bodies are formed., Even living cells are not simple, since physically they are composed of chemical elements, the fundamental forces of which differ according to their form and composition and their reciprocal relation with the life force of the organism
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To be continued …..
