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INTRODUCTION TO COMPUTER SYSTEM
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COMPUTER DEFINATION, “An electronic device which processes the information supplied (inputs) and produces the desired result (output) according to the given instructions(programs)”.
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BASICS OF COMPUTER SYSTEM, A complete computer system consists of four parts components/elements i.e. Hardware, Software, Data and Users., USER, HARDWARE, DATA, SOFTEARE, 1. Microsoft Excel, 2. Microsoft Word
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1. HARDWARE:, The mechanical device that make up the computer called Hardware, Example: Monitor, Keyboard, Mouse, 2. SOFTWARE:, It is a set of instructions that makes the computer perform tasks., 3. Data:, Data is the raw facts that computer can process., It can text, numbers, images, audio, video., 4. Users:, People who use the computers are called users., E.g. Computer programmers, data entry operators, system analyst, computer hardware engineers.
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BLOCK DIAGRAM OF COMPUTER SYSTEM
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INPUT UNIT, The input/output unit consists of devices used to transmit information between the external world and computer memory., Examples: Mouse,Keyboard,Scanner, Function of input unit:, It converts inputted data into binary codes., It sends data to main memory of computer .
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CPU, The Central Processing Unit is also called the brain or heart of a computer. , The CPU is nothing but an electronic hardware device which carries or performs out all the operation such as arithmetic and logic operation., It controls all the parts and software and data flow of computer.
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CONTROL UNIT, Controlling of all operations like input, processing and output are performed by control Unit., It also controls all devices such as memory, input/output devices connected to the CPU., It takes care of step by step processing of all operations inside the computer.
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ARITHMETIC LOGIC UNIT, All calculations and comparisons, based on the instructions provided are carried out within the ALU., It performs arithmetic functions like addition, subtraction, multiplication, division and also logical operations like greater than, less than and equal to etc.
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MEMORY UNIT, Memory is used to store data and instructions before and after processing. , Memory is also called Primary memory or internal memory. It is used to store data temporary or permanently.
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OUTPUT UNIT, An output device is used to show the result of processing., Examples: Printer, Projector, Monitor , Function of Output unit:, It accepts data or information sends from main memory of computer, It converts binary coded information into inputted languages.
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INTERNAL COMPONENTS
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1. PROCESSOR, A processor, or "microprocessor," is a small chip that resides in computers and other electronic devices. , Its basic job is to receive input and provide the appropriate output., It is responsible for processing information & controlling every part of the computer system.
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Processors that include two cores are called dual-core processors, while those with four cores are called quad-core processors.
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MOTHERBOARDS, The motherboard is the main circuit board that all other computer components either placed in or are connected to., It includes many components such as Central Processing Unit, Random Access Memory, firmware, internal & external buses.
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RANDOM ACCESS MEMORY, It is type of temporary storage for data and programs that are being accessed by CPU., It is volatile memory. All information that was stored in the RAM is lost when turned off the PC.
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READ ONLY MEMORY, Read-only memory (ROM) is a type of non-volatile memory used in computers and other electronic devices. , ROM is the memory from which we can only read but cannot write on it., A ROM stores such instructions that are required to start a computer., Data stored in ROM cannot be electronically modified after the manufacture of the memory device.
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SOUND CARDS, The sound card is an expansion card that allows the computer to send audio information to an audio device, like speakers, a pair of headphones, etc.
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INTERNAL HARD DISK DRIVES, The hard drive store and provides relatively quick access to large amounts of data on an electromagnetically charged surface or set of surfaces., The hard drive is where your software, documents, and other files are stored. , The hard drive is long-term storage, which means the data is still saved even if you turn the computer off or unplug it.
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VIDEO CARDS, The video card is expansion card that allows the computer to send graphical information to a video display device such as monitor, TV or projector. , Most computers have a GPU (graphics processing unit) built into the motherboard instead of having a separate video card. , If you like playing graphics-intensive games, you can add a faster video card to one of the expansion slots to get better performance.
