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pT 241 2 fay pet thy, , O2] CARMINATIVES AND GASTRO “INTESTINAL REGULATORS, , The carminatives (Latin: Carminare - to cleanse) are the soothing medicaments that act, by relieving pain in the stomach and intestine and expel flatulence and gas from the gastrointestinal tract by increasing peristalsis. The examples of carminatives are fennel, coriander,, cardamom, clove, cinnamon, caraway etc. The carminatives are prescribed in indigestion,, gastric discomfort and loss of appetite., , The gastro-intestinal regulators are the agents which regularise the activity of G.L tract, and include bitter stomachic, alteratives A, stimulants, aromatics, sialagogues, cholagogues,, antiemetics and appetizers. PE saljua T% Yow, , seovet”?, CORIANDER bile., , Synonym: Coriander fruits., , Biological Source:, , These are fully dried ripe fruits of the plant known as Coriandrum sativum Linn. (Family:, Umbelliferae). The fruits should contain not less than 0.3 % of the volatile oil., , Geographical Distribution:, , The plants are cultivated throughout European countries, principally in Russia, Hungary, and Holland. The drug is also cultivated in India, Egypt and Morocco. In India, it is widely, grown in Andhra Pradesh (Guntur, Anantpur), Maharashtra (Jalgaon and Satara), West, Bengal (Howrah and 24 - Pargana), Uttar Pradesh and Jammu and Kashmir.
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Blological Source, Chemical Const. &, , Ss, , 24, Pharmacognosy (First Year D. Pharm.) 8, , Cultivation and Collection:, , Coriander is grown as kharif, as well as, rabi crop. It needs cael —e ks, About 15 to 20 kg of fruits per hectare are required i cultivation. cant ili, Method. It is rotated with wheat, grain, jowar and onion and ae oes a a, sugarcane and brinjal as mixed crop. The crop is ready for heivesg ; 3 YS 9, growth. J-16, J-214, K-45 and new Pusa are few of the improved varieties of coriander. Abou, 2 lakh hectares of land is under cultivation of India., , Oganoleptic Characters (Fig. 8.13):, , Colour : Yellowish-brown to brown., Odour : Aromatic., , Taste =: Spicy and characteristic, ., Size, , Fruits are 2 to 4 mm in diameter and 4 - 8 mm in length., Shape : Coriander is a sub-globular cre, , mocarpous fruit with about 10 Primary, ridges and 8 secondary ridges., , Primary ridges are wavy and inconspicuous, while secondary ridges are Straight. It is, further described as an endospermic and coe, , lospermic. The weight of 100 fruits is, approximately 1 g,, , os——— Stylopod
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yo, , sy (First Year D. Pharm,, asso y ) 8.25 Biological Source, Chemical Const. &, , Testa Raphe, , , , , Sclerenchyma, Mesocarp, , Fig. 8.14: T.S. of Coriander Fruit (Cremocarp), , chemical Constituents:, iander yi HC. 0H, Coriander yields from 0.3 to 1 % of volatile oil. The, , fred oil (13 %) and proteins (20 %) are other contents of, , re drug. Volatile oil contains 90 % of plinalgor °, , (coriandrol), and small quantities of L-borneol, geraniol c, znd pinene. Coriander leaves are rich in vitamin A content. “3 He Sch,, Uses: Coriandrol, , The fruits, as well as, volatile oil are used as an aromatic, carminative, stimulant and, favouring agent. Coriander oil is used alongwith purgative to prevent gripping. It is an, , ingredient of compound spirit of orange and cascara elixir., , Substitutes:, It is substituted by Bombay coriander fruits, which contain less volatile oil and are, , elipsoidal in shape., FENNEL, , Synonyms: Fennel fruits, Fructus Foeniculum, Saunf., , Biological Source:, , Fennel consists of dried ripe fruits 0, amily: Umbelliferae) obtained by cultivation. It's, Volatile oil., , Geographical Distribution:, It is indigenous to Mediterranean countries and |, , Germany, France, India and Japan. In India it is cultiva, jasthan, Uttar Pradesh and West Bengal., , f the plant known as Foeniculum vulgare. Miller,, hould contain not less than 1.4 % of, , jargely cultivated in Rumania, Russia,, ted in Gujarat, Punjab, Maharashtra,, , Cultivation and Collection:, , Fennel is cultivated by dibbling method., ¥n just before the spring. Free branching ©, , Quality fruits of good germination rate are, , So f the herb and specific arrangement of leaves
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[, , pharmacognosy \rirst Year D. Pharm.) 827 Biological Source, Chemical Const. & ...., , , , , Endosperm, , Reticulate, Parenchyma, , Commissural, , Embryo Carpophore surface, , Fig. 8.16: T.S. of Mericarp of Fennel, , , , Chemical Constituents:, , Fennel consists of 3 to 7 % of volatile oil, about 20 % each of proteins and fixed oil. The, , chief active constituent of volatile oil is a ketone, fenchone (about 20%) and a, phenolic ether, anethole (about 50 %),, , CH, CH= CH—CH,, oO, ‘CH, CH, OCH,, Fenchone Anethole, , The other constituents are phellandrene, limonene, methyl chavicol, anisic aldehyde etc., Fenchone is a colourless liquid with pungent odour. The anethole is sweet in odour and, , . taste., , |. Uses:, , It is used as a carminative, an aromatic and a stimulant. It is also’ an expectorant., , I Pharmaceutically, it is used as a flavouring agent., , Adulterants:, , Fennel is commonly adulterated with exhausted fennel fruits which can be distinguished,, by the following tests: :, , 1. The fruits from which volatile oil is removed by treating with alcohol contain very, less percentage of volatile oil and have a typical odour of fusel-oil. Such fruits do, not contain fenchone., , 2., , , , If the fruits are exhausted by application of steam, they look dark greenish-brown in, colour and contain only traces of volatile oil and sink in water.
