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Energy Conservation through, Cogeneration and Tariff, , , , , , , , , Co-generation and Tariff; concept, significance for energy conservation, Co-generation (a) Types of cogeneration on basis of sequence of energy use (Topping cycle, bottoming cyci., (b) Types of cogeneration basic of technology (steam turbine cogeneration, gas turbine cogenerstic,, Reciprocating engine cogeneration system.}, (c) Factors governing the selection of cogeneration system, (d) Advantages of cogeneration., , , , Tariff : (a) Types of tariff structure : LT and HT, Special tariffs; Time-off-day tariff, Peak-off-day tariff, Powe,, : factor tariff, Maximum Demand tariff, Load factor tariff and Availability Based Tariff (ABT), , i Application of tariff system to reduce energy bill., , , , , , , , is Cogeneration ?, , ing single source of fuel., , , , called as Combined Heat and Power (CHP) system., , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , “Gas turbo, + gene, , Steam turbine}, [-egeneration, , , , , , eran Power, , ‘he : plant, , , , , © hoa, , , , , , 1; Cogeneration System, , Ed vig, is loosed as a waste heat but this thermsl "er!

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servation and Audit (MSBTE, , , , , , , , main parts which coll, , lectively form a CHp are, > Prime mover, , ical Connections, , L.1. shows schematic Of general Cogeneration system., , BAS turbines, Feciprocating Engines are some of the Prime movers used for CHP system,, , movers produce mechanical energy by burning various fuels such as, , Coal, oil, natural gas, ete, of prime mover js utiliz,, , ed to drive Senerator (to produce electricity) as well as rotating, fan, pumps, compressors, etc., , nergy can be either direct or indirect process applications., ‘hot air using hot water,, , , , , , , , , , , , drying by hot use of hot air, ete,, , is Separate Heat and Power (SHP). SHP employs practice of separate large scale power plant, , for, /Beneration and production of thermal energy by burning fuel on the site for applications, , both the Processes. CHP offers a much better fuel and energy efficient replacement or, , d as a distributed generation as it is located at or near the consumer's premises, , , , , , , , -of energy i.e. fuels are non-renewable and depleting very fast, By leting very, , tions te, putting ahead a challenge to developing nat, ast 25-30 years,, , y can and make them last longer., , ne, aneously required in the san, , mult, and electrical energy are simu, , re used to attain the requirements of € lectricity ar, di to at hi ts 0, paths a, , , , Br, — a Techkolcint

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W Ene: gy Conservation and Audit (MSBTE) Energy Conservation through Cogeneratio, , Enormous amount of fuel is sacrificed in this process of producing electricity and heat differently, , Moreover, these separate processes attributes to emission of pollutants and Green House Gases (Sg), , considerable amount, , Majority of the electrical power source in India are thermal power plants., , Efficiency achieved in conventional power plants lies in the range of 30 to 35%, remaining energy is a sheer loss, Sources of losses in this process are,, , © Rejection of heat in the surrounding air because of constraints of thermodynamic cycles, , © — Further, losses occur in the transmission and distribution of electric power ranges between 10 to 15', In case of supplying demand of heat, it has a very important limitation of distance along which it '« to be transferr,, This necessitates the generation of thermal energy on the place where it is needed., , Utility is burdened as system demands not only erection but also maintenance of transmission and distribu, network., , Less efficiency, more transmission loss and associated costs are inherent in this, Consumer also has to pay to satisfy their simultaneous electrical and thermal needs, , Cogeneration being the form of distributed generation electrical power and heat can be supplied at the site, designing a suitable energy tariff in the country., , . Ultimately it can be said that cogeneration is a way of energy conservation in a most effective and economic way., , , , Traditional, , i oe ; power plant, , , , 35 % Electricity, , , , | Upto 65 % losses, , (a), , , , , , 80 % Heat, , ~ }Upto 20 % tosse, , , , , , , , (b), , Fig.4.2.1 : Conventional system for electricity and heat, , Upto 90 %, [> Electricity + heat, , | Upto 10 % losses, , Fig. 4.2.2 : Cogeneration System, , , , , , , , Fig. 4.2.1 and 4.2.2 clearly shows the differences between Conventional system and Cogeneration system, Estimated power generation by cogeneration in India is over 20000 MW., , Cogeneration can find its application mainly in the areas like,, , o Sugar mills

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WY Energy Conservation and Audit (MSBTE), Q. Give classification of, , : sified as :, According to the sequence of energy use cogeneration system can be clas:, , , , , , , , , , PE, , , , , , , , tion, , ee ee, Classification of the Cogeneration System, ‘on the Basis of Sequence of Energy Use, , , , , , , , erry en eee ae, 1. Topping Cycle :, innate SSS, 2. Bottoming Cycle, , , , , , , , Fig.C4.1 : Classification of the Cogeneration System on the Basis of Sequence of Energy Use, , 4.3.1.1 Topping Cycle, (MSBTE - W-15, w, , , , , , , , “Describe combined Cycle Topping Cycle scheme of cogene’ ; with neat die, _ Describe with suitable example. The Topping cycle cogeneration syste, , , , — Ina topping cycle, utilization of fuel burnt is mainly for the production of electricity and excess thermal energy, recovered., , - Heat energy is generated as a by-product of the cycle, which is used to attain the thermal requirements or sat, process heat., , - This is the most preferred method of cogeneration., , , , , , Heat Thermal energy BE oh 3, recovery unit Facility, , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , Exhaust, gases, , , , , , Fuel, , , , f}feaag}, oe “, , , , , , , , , , Fig.4.3.2 : Topping Cycle Cogeneration System, , Four types of Topping cycle cogeneration system are,, , Types of Topping cycle, cogeneration system, , er, {a) Combined Cycle Topping System, , , , (b) Steam Turbine Topping System, (c) Heat Recovery Topping §, , Li, , Fig.C4.2 : Types of Topping cycle, generation system