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NY, , , , , , , troduction, formation stored in computers can be share, ‘ommunication technology. Communication t, : Cae of working. Gone are the days when m, jeeded a power socket and modem to con, , id or communicated to other computers by using, echnology has altogether changed our life styles and, , essages were delivered in weeks time and we always, nect to Internet . With i a, , : continuous developments and, convergence of computer technology with communication :, , ‘ 5 ; technology, we are able to conquer, , nces. ch r, geographical distances. Mobile or Wireless computing and mobile Internet connection are the result, of thisconvergence., , in this session, you will have an overview of the fundamental concepts of networking and, communication, the networking terminologies and the working of data communications systems., , What is a Computer Network?, , sy definition a Computer Network is simply two or more computers/computing devices, communicating with each other. The basic concept of networking is quite simple. The computers are, : usually connected via cables toa central hub., There are different kinds of networks and the way they work., Some networks are rather simple and easy to set up while others, are much more complex. We need to determine which network, suits our needs the best. Large networks even use satellites and, radio waves to cover great distances. eet Conipaner 2, , , , A computer network is a system for communication among two or more computers. These, networks may be wired or wireless., , Aquestion that must be coming in your mindis that ‘Why computer networks are made? or whatis the, need to establish communication between computers?! So, let us understand the purpose of, computer networks., , Need of Computer Networks, , Computers have become an integral part of any type of organization, corporate, business,, 80vernment agency or educational institution. These computers are located at different locations, within the premises/campusjorganization. If these computers can be connected and managed, Properly, many of the overlapping of doing same tasks on different computers separately can be, ®Voided. Hence, networks are normally established at places where large number of people have to, Work using computer and they need to share information and costly resources like computer, hardware and software. Networks can be generally found in offices of any kind of small or big, rganizations, public services andin educational institutions etc., , 235
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the con, , 1. Resource sharing-If, » resources like data, programs, hard, Pp devices, licensed software, etc. canbes, The physical locations may be few, but the users and computers ex:, , S CAN send m,),, nication chann.),, Nels, , 8 authenticity 3,, , to develop exc,, , n the basis of, by their functio
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o, , a Network, , hy. The employees, e with aremote, , rise, Instead of, customers 2nd
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f the Internet, , 1092 rid Wide Web is i, jin et or the . ane ira a Wonderf, know eeting place wt, , ote, ae Gi :, ecat ay. The majoradvantages of theinternet are:, , an online correspondence syst, e ,, which works like writi ystem. With e-mail, ike writing letters, you can send and receive inst, = stant, , ul and amaz’ 3 a in es. The, ie i, Nazing addition in our lives., 2, , vere people f, ple from all parts of the world can, , etl, : nail is, * picrnessaee>>, , rmation: The Internets a virtual treasure trove of inf, ‘ormati, ation. The 'search engines’ on, , ess outo find, ie tenet can help you to find data on any subject that youneed, , nel f . a, , with getting informati, 2 AlONE getting ation on the Internet, you can also shop onli, |p online. There are, , ' online st, pin Or products as w, a, 01, , m, i gitcard. There are many ‘cha, t:Th ry t rooms' on the web that can be accessed to meet new people,, :, , ’ online ‘ 1 i, raxenew rriendSy as wellas to stay in touch with old friends., , ding Software: You can download innumerable, games, music, vidi, i , , Music, i, postofother entertainment software from the Internet, most of which are Paso: en, , classification by Functional Relationship, onthe basis of their way of functioning, networks are classified into t ies — 0}, ae — into two categories — Peer-to-peer, , « Peer-to-peer networks: This type of networks are more i:, commonly used in set-ups involving less than ten computers, ee —, where strict security is not necessary. All computers have the, same status, ie. they can act bothas clients and servers, hence, the term ‘peer’ is given to them. Data Files and hardware, , devices connected to any one computer can be shared across, , the network. Example of Peer-to-peer network is , Microsoft, Peer-to-Peer Networking, , Windows-based networks., , . dlient-server network¢. These networks are moresuitablefor |» 6, , larger set-ups. A centrattomputer, OF ‘server’, acts as the, storage location for files and applications shared on the, network. Usually the server isa high-performance computer jt a, , also controls the network access of the other comp! ers, which are referred to as the ‘client’ computers: The set a eae Va om, , offers services to client computers upon their request. These, , may include storage services, internet services, printing Ss Ss, Services and so on. For example, ina school network, teachers, , and students will use the client computers for their work and, only the network administrator (usually @ designated staff, member) will have access rights to theserver, Client - Server Networking, , Networking Fundamentals
