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hd, , 8., , \ns., , Explain the meaning of Holocaust. How was it, , practised in Germany?, , The atrocities and sufferings that the Jews had endured, , during the Nazi killing operations is known as the, , ‘Holocaust’ or ‘destruction or slaughter on a mass scale’., , It was practised in Germany by the Nazis, using the, , following methods, , + Physically eliminating all those who were seen as, ‘undesirable’ (Jews, Gypsies, Blacks and other ‘racially, impure’ people) by killing them in gas chambers by the use, of poisonous gas., , * Making people from Poland and Russia as slave labour and, imprisoned them in concentration camps., , * Jews were segregated (including Jewish children in school), and pauperised, forcing many of them to leave the country., , * Jews were victimised through the media by circulating, , pictures, films, slogans and leaflets. They were, , stereotyped, mocked, abused and described as evil., , Jews were referred to as vermin, rats and pests. Their, , movements were compared to those of rodents., , °, , . Case Based Questions, , a, , Read the given case/source and answer the following, questions., , Hitler was fanatically interested in the youth of the, country. He felt that a strong Nazi society could be, established only by teaching children Nazi ideology., This required a control over the child both inside and, outside school., , What happened in schools under Nazism? All schools, were ‘cleansed’ and ‘purified’. This meant that, teachers who were Jews or seen as ‘politically, unreliable’ were dismissed. Children were first, segregated: Germans and Jews could not sit together, or play together. Subsequently, ‘undesirable children’ Jews, the physically handicapped, Gypsies - were *, thrown out of schools. And finally in the 1940s, they, were taken to the gas chambers., , ‘Good German’ children were subjected to a process, of Nazi schooling, a prolonged period of ideological, training. School textbooks were rewritten, Racial, science was introduced to justify Nazi ideas of race,, Stereotypes about Jews were popularised even, through maths classes. Children were taught to be, loyal and submissive, hate Jews, and worship Hitler., Even the function of sports was to nurture a spirit oF, , violence and aggression among children, Hitler, believed that boxing could make children iron, hearted, strong and masculine., , Youth organisations were made responsible for, education, German youth in ‘the spirit of, National Socialism’. Ten-year-olds had to enter, Jungvolk. At 14, all boys had to join the Nazi, Youth Organisation-Hitler Youth-where they, learnt to worship war, glorify aggression and, violence, condemn democracy and hate Jews,, communists, Gypsies and all those categorised as, ‘undesirable’. After a period of rigorous, ideological and physical training they joined the, Labour Service, usually at the age of 18. Then, they had to serve in the armed forces and enter, one of the Nazi organisations., , The Youth League of the Nazis was founded in, 1922. Four years later it was renamed Hitler, Youth to unify the youth movement under Nazi, control, all other youth organisations were, systematically dissolved and finally banned., , Strong Nazi society could be established by the, purification of schools. Explain., , Give two causes which helped to make ‘Good, German children in Nazi society., , Elucidate the difference between Jungvolk and, Hitler Youth., , . (i) Hitler believed that strong Nazi society could be, , established by the purification of school. By, eliminating politically unreliable teachers and, undefinable children, i.e. Jews, schools could be, purified, then it would be possible to teach the, children Nazi ideology., , (ii) The two causes which helped the children to be, Good German children were, , (a) In Nazi society, schools taught children to be, loyal and submissive., , (b) School text books contained Nazi ideas of, race., , (iii) The difference between Jungvolk and Hitler Youth, was that at the age of 10 years boys in Nazi society, had to join in Jungvolk and recognised with Nazi, ideology. On the other hand, after 14 years, they, had to join the organisation named Hitler Youth, where they got rigorous physical and ideological, training.