Page 1 :
Class-9 Political science Chapter-5 Working of the Institutions, , , , 1.Who headed the Second Backward Classes Commission in 1979?, What was it popularly called?, , Ans- B.P Mandal headed the Second Backward Classes Commission, in 1979. It was popularly called the Mandal Commission., , 2. Mention one of the major recommendations made by the Mandal, Commission., , Ans- It recommended that 27 per cent of government jobs be, reserved for the socially and educationally backward classes., , 3. What is the function of the civil servants?, Ans- The civil servants work under political executive and assist, them in carrying out the day-to-day administration., , 4. Who are Cabinet Ministers?, Ans- Cabinet Ministers are usually top-level leaders of the ruling, party or parties who are in charge of the major ministries., , 5. Why is parliamentary democracy in most countries often known, as the Cabinet form of government?, , Ans- It is not practical for all ministers to meet regularly and discuss, everything, the decisions are taken in Cabinet meetings. The, ministers may haver different views and opinions, but everyone has, to own up to every decision of the cabinet., , 6. Who elect the President of India?, , Ans- The President of India is indirectly elected by the elected, Members of Parliament (MPs) and the elected Members of the, Legislative Assemblies (MLAs).
Page 2 :
7. What is meant by an integrated judiciary?, , Ans- An integrated judiciary means the Supreme Court controls the, judicial administration in the country. Its decisions are binding on all, other courts of the country., , 8. Name the three institutions that play a key role in major decisions, in a democratic country. How do these institutions work?, , Ans- The three institutions are: Legislature, executive and judiciary., Legislature: It is an assembly of people’s representatives with the, power to enact laws for a country. In addition to enacting laws,, legislatures have authority to raise taxes and adopt the budget and, other money bills., , Executive: It is a body of persons having authority to initiate major, policies, make decisions and implement them on the basis of the, Constitution and laws of the country., , Judiciary: It is an institution empowered to administer justice and, provide a mechanism for the resolution of legal disputes., , 9. What are the two categories that make up the executive? Describe, them., , Ans- In a democratic country, two categories make up the executive., The first category which is elected by the people for a specific period, is called the political executive. Political leaders who take the big, decisions fall in this category., , In the second category, people are appointed on a long-term basis., This is called the permanent executive or civil servants. Persons, working in civil services are called civil servants. They remain in, office even when the ruling party changes. These officers work under, political executive and assist them in carrying out the day-to-day, administration.
Page 3 :
10. How is the Prime Minister appointed in our country?, , Ans- (i) Prime Minister is the most important political institution in, the country. But there is no direct election to the post of the Prime, Minister. The President appoints the Prime Minister., , (ii) But the President cannot appoint anyone he/she likes. The, president appoints the leader of the majority party or the coalition of, parties that commands a majority in the Lok Sabha, as Prime, Minister., , (iii) In case no single party or alliance gets a majority, the President, appoints the person most likely to secure a majority support. The, Prime Minister does not have a fixed tenure. He continues in power, so long as he remains the leader of the majority party or coalition., , 11. Give the brief description of the Council of Ministers., , Ans- Council of Ministers is the official name for the body that, includes all the Ministers. It usually has 60 to 80 Ministers of, different ranks:, , Cabinet Ministers are usually top level leaders of the ruling party or, parties who are in charge of the major ministries. Usually the Cabinet, Ministers meet to take decisions in the name of the Council of, Ministers. Cabinet is thus the inner ring of the Council Ministers. It, comprises about 20 ministers., , Ministers of State with independent charge are usually in-charge of, smaller Ministries. They participate in the Cabinet meeting only when, specially invited., , Ministers of State are attached to and required to assist Cabinet, Ministers.
Page 4 :
12. What is Parliament? Why do we need it?, , Or, , In what different ways does Parliament exercise political authority on, behalf of the people?, , Ans- In all democracies, an assembly of elected representatives, exercise supreme political authority on behalf of the people. Such an, assembly is called Parliament. At the state level this is called, Legislature or Legislative Assembly., , Parliament exercises political authority on behalf of the people in, many ways:, , (i) It is the final authority for making laws in any country. Parliaments, all over the world can make new laws, change existing laws, or, abolish existing laws and make new ones in their place., , (ii) Parliaments all over the world exercise some control over those, who run the government. In some countries like India this control is, direct and full., , (iii) Parliaments controls all the money that governments have. In, most countries any of the public money can be spent only when the, Parliament sanctions it., , (iv) Parliament is the highest forum of discussion and debate on, public issues and national policy in any country. Parliament can seek, information about any matter.
