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std, , , , (.2. Modern farming methods require more inputs which are manufactured in industry, ;, , Do you agree ? . . :, , Aas. Yes, I agree that modern farming methods: require more inputs which ;, manufactured in industry. Modern farming methods require chemical fertilizers, Pesticideg, HYV seeds, pumpsets, tractors, threshers etc. which are produced by industry. peo, , QS. How did the spread of electricity help farmers in Palampur ? ; ;, , _ Aus. The spread of electricity helped farmers in Palampur a lot. Electricity helped to, run tubewells and pump sets for irrigation of fields. This has also increased agricultrua) |, production in the village. Now farmers are able to grow crops during the non-rainy Season |, also. ., , QL Is it important to increase the area under irrigation ? Why ?, , Ans. Yes, it is important to increase the area under irrigation because :, (i) It is necessary to meet the food requirement of increasing population., Gi) During monsoon season, crop losses can be avoided in case of no rain or less rain, |, (ii) During non-rainy season also, agricultural land can be used for crop Cultivation’ |, (Gv) Irrigation facility retains land fertility for long time use. i, &.5. Construct a table on the distribution of land among the 450 families of Palampur, 4, , , , , , , , , , , , , , , Ans., Landless Families | Less than 2 hectares | More than 2 hectares, est ce _ s_ofland of land | ___ of land _, No, of | |, Families 150 240 __, , , , , , , , Q.6, Why are the wages for farm labourers in Palampur less than minimum wages? 4, Aus. The wages for farm labourers in Palampur are less than minimum wages because |, there is heavy competition for work among the farm labourers, so people agree to work on |, lower wages. , :, .7. In'your region, talk to two labourers. Choose either farm labourers or labourers |, working at construction sites. What wages do they get ? Are they paid in cash or kind 2 ], Do'they get work regularly ? Are they in debt ? 4, "... Ans. I talked to two farm labourers—Ram Prasad and Sanchi Lal. Both work on daily |, wages in my region. Their details are as follows :, , So ., , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , 160 per day |=. 170 per day, “ Cash/'kind : Cash Crop and meals, ; | Regular Wark _ No regular work No regular work, _ Are they in debt ? Yes | Yes, , , , Q.8. What are the different ways of increasing production on the same piece of land? |, Use examples to explain. :, , _ Aus. The different ways of increasing production on the same piece of land are a8. |, ~ follows: ., () Multiple Cropping : Multiple cropping is the most common way of increasing |, production on the same piece of land. Under this method, more than one crop is grown on |, a piece of land during the year. For example; wheat, bajra and potato can be grown on the, same piece of land. i

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She Mi _, s: Modern farmi pee + of increa ing, , 1 ming methods is another way of 19, eee farming includes High Yielding Variety (HYV), ‘ion, etc: This method of farming promises to produce, , ii) Modern Fa, ction 08 the same piec, od? fertilizers, pesticide Ls, , hi, ye" 9.10. How do the medi, a hum, tere? ee aoe farmers and. large farmers obtain capital for farming 2, Ans. um and lar; : ;, q sell the surplus in the al retain a part of the farming for the family’s consumption, wie for the the next season. Th . A part of the earning is saved and kept for buying, gon their own savings. . Thus, they are able to arrange for the capital for farming, ; On the other hand., pall and from this ieee farmers have little surplus because: their total production, s t of the small farmers heel share is kept for fulfilling their own family needs. So,, a est on such loans is vei i to borrow money to arrange for the capital. The rate of, a Q,11. On what terms a or They are put to great distress to repay the loan., (fer ent if she could id Savita get a loan from Tejpal Singh ? Would Savita’s condition, i Tejpal Singh et a een from the bank at a low rate of interest?, f months a ee to give Savita the loan at an interest rate of 24 per cent, our . es, Savita has to work on his field as a farm labourers during the, , est season for = 100 per day., Yes, Savita’s condition would be different if she could get a-loan from the bank at, her condition would have, , Jow rate of interest. She could have easily repaid the loan and, heen far better., Q.12. Talk to some old residents in your region and write a short report on the changes, jn irrigation and, changes in production methods during the last 30 years (optional)., Ans. I talked some old. farmers in my region and came to know that the following, changes in irrigation and production methods have taken place in the last 30 years :, ~ (1) Changes in Irrigation Method : 30 years back, irrigation was dependent on rains,, canals, wells etc. Persian wheels were used by farmers to draw water from the wells and, imigate small fields. But, now-a-days, irrigation is done using tubewells, pump sets etc., (2) Change in Production Method : Barlier, the farming was done using traditional, methods. Farmers used to plough their fields manually or with the the help of bullocks, but, s have become easier, , with the advancements in technology, ploughing, harvesting etc. work:, ry like tractors, threshers etc. Production methods has changed, , with the use of machine: E, significantly under modern farming methods. The farmers make use of HYV seeds, pesticides,, dern irrigation facilities etc., , farm production activities taking place’in your region? Make, , ~ he di, , for, parv', , , , , chemical fertilisers, mo, Q.18. What are the non, , , , , , , , , , , , ashort list. . os ‘ , :, Ans, The list of the non-farm production actitivies taking place in our region are follows :, 2 2@: © Dairy, Gi) Transportation, :, i) Tailoring, o ae, -()_ Shop-keeping: (vi) Carpenters,, teeeye: making ete., oh es aoe so that more non-farm production activities can be started, villages 2° ‘ ee, an be taken s0 that more non-farm production activities can, , of Following steps ¢, , Started in villages : : ., (i) pe made available a, (i) Loans should be mare activity., , es can start some non:, , + low rate of interest so that even people without, , =