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VULNERABILITY, • Vulnerability to poverty is a measure,which describes the greater probability, of certain communities(say.members of a backward caste)or individuals, (such as a widow or a physically handicapped person)of becoming.or, remaining, poor in the coming years., • Vulnerability is determined by the options available To different communities, for finding an alternative living in terms of assets, education, health and job, opportunities., 8, POVERTY LINE, • A common method used to measure poverty is based on the income or consumption levels., A person is considered poor if his or her income or consumption level falls below a given "minimum, level" necessary to fulfill fhe basic needs., Poverty linę Determining the poverty line in India, a minimum level of food reguirement.clothing,, footwear, fuel and lighf, educationál and medical requirement, etc., are determined for, subsistence., These physical guantities are multiplied by their prices in rupees. The preşent formula for food, • Food items, such as Cereals, pulses,vegetable, milk, oil, sugar, etc., together provide these needed, calories., • The calorie needs vary depending on age, sex and the type of work that person does., The accepted average calorie requirement in India is 2400 calories per person per day in rural, • Ihe poverty line is estimated periodically (Normally every five years), by.conducting sample surveys., These surveys are carried out by the Nafional Sample Survey Organisation (NSSO)., 9