Page 1 :
Introduction, , ~ Allliving organisms need food for, health, growth and development., , ~ Food provides nutrients like, carbohydrates, fats, protein, vitamins and, minerals., , ~ Both plants and animals are major, sources of food., , ~ India has a high population of more, than one billion and is still growing., , ~ To feed this growing population we, need more than a quarter of a billion, tonnes of grain per year., , ~ This can be done by farming on more, land but India is already intensively, cultivated. Hence, it is necessary to, increase the efficiency of production for, both crops and livestock., , Green Revolution, , ~ Green revolution is a programme, introduced in many countries to increase, food production by use of modern, technology, proper irrigation, improved, seeds etc.
Page 2 :
White Revolution, , ~ White revolution is a programme in, India to increase production of milk in, India. This programme made India selfsufficient in production of milk., , Improvement in Crop Yields, Types of Crops:, , (i) Cereals: They include crops like wheat,, rice, maize, barley etc. They provide us, carbohydrates., , (ii) Seeds: Not all seeds of plants are, edible like seeds of apple or cherries. Edible, seeds include cereals, pulses, oil seeds and, nuts. They provide us fats.
Page 3 :
(iii) Pulses: They include legumes such as, gram, pea, black gram, green gram, lentil., They provide us proteins., , (iv) Vegetables, spices and fruits: They, provide us vitamins & minerals. They, include apple, mango, cherry, banana,, water-melon etc., , ~ Vegetables like spinach, leafy, vegetables, carrot etc., , ~ Spices like chilly, black pepper, fodder, crops, oats etc., , Crop Season, , ~ Different crops require different, conditions (temperature, moisture, etc.),, different photo-periods (duration of, sunlight) for their growth and completing, life cycle., , * The two types of crops seasons are:, , (i) Kharif Season: These crops grow, during rainy season (June to October)., Example: black gram, green gram, pigeon, pea, rice, paddy, soyabean., , (ii) Rabi Season: These crops are grown, during November to April. Rabi crops are, known as winter crops. Example: whect,, gram, peas, mustard, linseed etc.
Page 4 :
* Approaches which enhance the crop, yield are as following:, , (i) Crop variety improvement, (ii) Crop production improvement, (iii) Crop protection improvement, , Crop Variety Improvement, , * Factors by which variety improvement, can be done are:, , ~ Good and healthy seeds, , ~ Hybridization: It is the process of, crossing between two or more genetically, dissimilar plants to produce a new variety, with good properties of both the crops., , Properties to be possessed by improved, seeds, , (i) Higher yield: To increase the, productivity of the crop per acre., , (ii) Improved quality: Quality of crop, products vary from crop to crop., , (iii) Biotic & Abiotic resistances : Crop, production reduces due to biotic and, abiotic factors. Varieties resistant to these, factors can improve crop production.
Page 5 :
(iv) Wider adaptability : Crops which can, grow in different conditions, will help in, setting high production., , (v) Desired agronomic traits: Crops which, contain desired agronomic traits (height,, branching, leafs), sets high production., , Crop Production Improvement, , ~ Itinvolves different practices carried, out by farmers to achieve higher, standards of crop production., , + The different practices are:, , (i) Nutrient management, (ii) Irrigation, (iii) Cropping patterns, , (i) Nutrient Management: Like other, organisms, plants also require some, elements for their growth. These elements, are called nutrients., , Nutrients
