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Is Matter Around, Chapter - 2, Us Pure, ?, CONCEPT MАРPING, Matter, E360, Impure Substances, (Mixtures), Pure Substances, Elements, Compounds, Homogeneous, Heterogeneous, • Have fixed, Composition., • Can be broken down, • True Solutions, • Colloidal, Represented by, Symbols, • Cannot be broken, into Simpler, Uniform, Solution &, Composition, eg. Suger, & water, &, Suspension, • Non-uniform, Composition, • eg. Sand &, Sugar, water, & oil, milk., into its constituents, Substances., by chemical reactions, or electrochemical, eg. Copper, Sodium,, Silver, Oxygen,, Hydrogen etc., alcohol, reactions, eg: Water, Salt, Sugar etc., Solution, Methods of Separation, (Solute + solvent), • Unsaturated, • Saturated, • Super Saturated, • Evaporation, • Centrifugation, • By Separating funnel, • Sublimation, Chromatography, • Distillation, • Crystallisation, Filtration, Elements, TUDY, Metalloid's, Non-metals, R, • Magnetic, Separation, • Winnowing, • Threshing, E, • Show some of, The properties of, metals and some, • Non-malleable, • Non-ductile, • Bad conductor of, Heat & Electricity, • eg. Oxygen,, Hydrogen,, Nitrogen, Sulphur etc., A, Good Conductor, of Heat &, of non-metals., Electricity, eg. Copper,, Silver, Gold,, eg. Silicon,, Germanium, Sodium

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'Pure' word means that there is no mixing in a substance. But according to scientific, language all things are mixture of so many substances, not of single one. That's why they, are not pure., E.g. Milk, water, fat, etc., Pure substances means that all elements have same chemical properties., A pure substance is made up of same kind of elements., Substance : A substance is a kind of mater that cannot be separated into otherkind of matter, by any physical process. A pure substance is made up of same kind of elements., What is a mixture ?, It is a substance in which two or more substances (element or compound) are simply mixed, together in any proportion. Examples : The air is a mixture of oxygen, nitrogen, carbon, dioxide and water vapour., Types of Mixture: Mixture is of two types :, (i), Homogenous mixture, (ii), Heterogenous mixture, Homogenous Mixture : These types of mixtures has visible boundaries of separation, UID, between the various constituents., Example : Sugar in water. It has a uniform composition throughout its mass., Heterogenous Mixture These types of mixtures has visible boundaries of separation, between the various constituents., Example : Mixture of sugar and sand. It does not have a uniform composition, throughout its mass., Solution : A solution is a homogenous mixture of two or more substances. E.g., Nimboo, pani, soda water., Solution : A solution has a solvent and a solute as its components. The component of the, solution that dissolves the other component in it is called the solvent. The component of the, solution that is dissolved in the solvent is called the solute., Solution, Solute, Solvent, (Substance dissolved), (Substance in which dissolved), E.g., Sugar, Water, Sugar solution, 13

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Types of Mixtures, Suspension, 1. Size of particles, biggest. > 10" m., True, Colloidal, 1. Size of solute, particles smallest., < 10°m., 1. Size of solute particles bigger than, true but smaller than suspension. In, between 10° to 10" m., 2. Solute particles, can't be seen with, naked eye., 2. Solute particles can't be seen with, Naked eye., 2. Can be seen, with naked eye., 3. Seems homogenous but actually, heterogenous mixture., 3. Heterogenous, 3. Homogenous, mixture., mixture., 4. Can be Separated, by filteration., 4. Particles can't be separated by, 4. Particles can't, be separated by, filteration., filteratoin., 5. Transparent, 5. Translucent, 5. Opaque, 6. Stable solutoins, 6. Stable solutions., 6. Unstable, solution – solute, - i.e., solute, particles do not, settle on keeping., particles settle, upon keeping., 7. Do not show, 7. Show tyndall effect., 7. May or may not, show tyndall effect., tyndall effect., 8. Suspension, paper but not through parchment paper. particles do not, pass through filter, 8. Solution diffuse, 8. Colloid particles pass through filter, rapidly through, filter, paper as, well as parchment, paper as well as, parchment paper., раper., 9. e.g., Sand/mud, in water., 9. e.g., Sugar in, 9. e.g., Milk, blood., water., Common examples of colloids :, Dispersal Phase, (Solute), Dispersion, Medium, Туре, Example, (Solvent), 1., Liquid, Gas, Aerosol, Fog, cloud, 2., Solid, Gas, Aerosol, Smoke, 14

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3, Gas, Liquid, Foam, Shaving, Cream, 4., Liquid, Liquid, Emulsion, Milk, face, cream,, emulsion paint, Mud, digene, 5., Solid, Liquid, 6., Gas, Solid, Foam, rubber, sponge, 7., Liquid, Solid, Jelly, cheese, 8., Solid, Solid, Solid sol, Coloured, gemstones,, glass (milky,, coloured), • Gas in gas is not a colloidal solution – it is called a mixture., Concentration of Solution, mass of solute, 1., Mass by mass percentage, х 100, mass of solution, volume of solute, 2., Mass by volume percentage, х 100, volume of solution, Methods of Separation of Mixtures :, (1), Evaporation:, Basic principal:Out of the two components of a mixture one can evaporate [i.e., has, less boiling point] and other has higher boiling point., Example : Mixture of dye [higher boiling point] and water. Out of water and dye,, water evaporates but dye is left behind in petri dish., -Water evaporates, Dye left, behind, Mixture, Petri dish, -Beaker, -Beaker, Tripod stand, Burner, Centrifugation:, Basic principle : Separation of Substances or particles on the basic of, 15

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their density when mixture is rotated very fast, then denser particles are forced at the bottom, and lighter particles stay above., +Lightest, Lighter, -Densest particle, Example : Separating cream from milk., Can you think what is toned and double toned milk ?, DE360, Applications :, (a), Used in diagnostic labs for blood and urine tests., (b), Used in dairies and home to separate butter from cream., (c), Used in washing machines dryers to squeeze out water from clothes., Have you seen dust particles from our clothes settle at the bottom of washing tub., Do you know why now?, (3), By Separating Funnel:, Basic principle : Two immiscible liquids (which do not dissolve in each other) can, be easily separated by putting in a separating funnel., Example : Water from oil can be separated by first opening the stop cock till water is, removed in one beaker, then afterwards oil can be collected in a separate beaker., Separating, funnel, -Kerosene oil, Water, -Stopcock, 16, STU