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Namma Kalvi, www.nammakalvi.in, S.No, , 1., , Topic, Paragraphs (Prose, Poem, Supplementary, Reader), , Page, Number, 1-7, , 2., , Prose Question and Answer, , 7 - 12, , 3., , Poem Question and Answer, , 12 - 17, , 4., , Synonyms, , 17 - 19, , 5., , Antonyms, , 19 - 22, , 6., , Singular / Plural, , 22 - 24, , 7., , Prefix - Suffix, , 24 - 25, , 8., , Abbreviations and Acronyms, , 26 - 27, , 9., , Phrasal Verbs, , 27 - 28, , 10., , Compound words, , 29 - 30, , 11., , Prepositions, , 31 - 32, , 12., , Tenses, , 33 - 37, , 13., , Connectors / Linkers, , 37 - 38, , 14., , Punctuation, , 38 - 40, , 15., , Road Map, , 40 - 41, , 16., , Poetic devices, , 41 - 42, , 17., , Poem Paraphrasing, , 42 - 43, , 18., , Prose / Poem Comprehension, , 43 - 44, , 19., , Advertisement, , 45, , 20., , Letter Writing, , 46 - 47, , 21., , Notice Writing, , 47 - 48, , 22., , Picture Comprehension, , 23., , Note - making and Summary Writing, , 49 - 50, , 24., , Error spotting, , 51 - 52, , 25., , Developing the hints, , 52 - 53, , 48

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www.nammakalvi.in, , Remedial Teaching Module for English, Std: IX, Paragraph, Unit - 1, Prose - Learning the game, • Sachin is a great cricketer., • Sunil Gavaskar and Viv Richards are his favourite players., • Ramakant Achrekar Sir was his cricket coach., • He made Sachin put all his excess energies into cricket., • He made Sachin get interested in cricket using a coin., • Sachin thanked his teacher saying – “I owe myself to him”., , Hardwork, brings, success, Poem - Stopping by woods on a Snowy Evening, The poet travels into the woods on his horse., He stops to watch the woods fill up with snow., His little horse thinks it odd., It shakes its harness bells., It brings the poet back to reality., His promises made him continue his journey., , Love your duty., Do it on time.

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Supplementary Reading - The Envious Neighbour, A good old couple got gold and silver with the help of their pet, dog., Their wicked neighbour borrowed the dog., Getting nothing, they killed and buried it under a pine tree., The good old couple made a mortar using the pine tree., They got treasure from the mortar., Getting nothing from the borrowed mortar, the wicked couple, burnt it., The good old couple used the ashes to bring the withered trees, alive., So they were rewarded by the Prince., The wicked couple were punished as they failed in doing the, same., , Love your Neighbour, Unit – II, Prose – I can’t climb trees anymore, Once the narrator visited his old house after 25 years., He shared his past memories with a little girl in the house., He used to keep his playthings in a hollow of a jackfruit tree., The little girl helped him to get his grandfather’s iron cross from it., He gave the iron cross to the little girl., He got back his lost youth and went happily., Memories never fade

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Poem - A Poison Tree, The poet was angry with his friend., He told it and it ended., He was angry with his foe., He did not tell and it grew., He watered it with tears., It yielded a bright apple., The foe, tempted by the apple ate it at night., The next morning, the foe was lying dead under the tree., The poet felt happy to see it., , Anger leads to sin, Supplementary Reading – The Fun They Had, On 17th March 2157, Tommy found a real book on school., He showed it to Margie., They wondered seeing the printed book., They had their mechanical teacher at home., Margie felt it strange to know that the teacher were humans., She thought about the students of the past and the fun they had, at ‘school’., Old is gold, , Unit – III, Prose – Old Man River, Amy, Betty, Rose and Jim were struck in the house on a flooded, day., They collected the things they needed., Jim climbed out on the roof and waved the flash light for help., Mr. Peter and Miss. Marsh from Red Cross came to rescue them.

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www.nammakalvi.in, They took away Sara, Betty and Rose in the boat., Jim and Amy waited for another boat., , Face danger bravely, Poem – On Killing a Tree, The poet says that killing a tree takes much time., It cannot be cut down easily with a knife., It has grown strong for years., Green twigs come out of the bleeding bark., The roots have to be dried up to kill a tree completely., Rome was not built in, a day, , Supplementary Reading – Earthquake, The narrator, Brij, lived in the Molthi village., His village was affected by an earthquake when he was away., He lost his family, except his sister Bhuli., An army officer helped him to find out his sister., Next day, Brij went to thank the officer, but he had gone., It was disturbing him much., Brij is thanking the officer by giving tea free of cost to any, traveller., , “Love is divine”

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Unit - IV, Prose - Seventeen Oranges, The narrator was working at Swift Delivery Company., He stole 17 oranges as he loved oranges much., Pongo, the policeman, arrested him., He locked him up in his cabin., He went to bring a witness., By the time, the narrator ate all the oranges with pips and peels., So, Pongo let him go as there was no evidence., , Presence of mind helps much, Poem - The Spider and the fly, The spider invites the fly to his parlour., It offers his bed, food and mirror., But the fly refuses all., The spider praises the beauty of the fly., Later, the fly gets attracted by the spider’s words., It falls a prey to its enemy, the spider., Flattery leads, to danger, , Supplementary Reader - The cat and the painkiller, Tom’s friend, Becky Thatcher’s absence disturbed Tom., Aunt Polly gave him a painkiller to cure his illness., Tom gave the painkiller to Peter, the cat., The cat jumped out of the room shouting., Aunt Polly found it out., Tom said that he gave it to the cat out of pity.

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Aunt Polly said that Tom need not take anymore medicine., Torture will not, build good, character, Unit – 5, Prose - Water – The Elixir of life, Plain water is the elixir of life., It is powerful and wonderful., Flow of water has both merits and demerits., Silt is formed by the flow of water., Soil erosion is also caused by the flow of water., Humans, plants and animals need water to live., Water is, life, Poem - The River, The poet compares the 4 stages of the river with human life., The 4 stages are – Little River, Swelling river, Brimming river and, Headlong river., Little river is like a child., Swelling river is like a youth., Brimming river is like a matured man., Headlong river is like an eternal human., Nature is, eternal

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www.nammakalvi.in, Supplementary Reader - Little Cyclone, Little cyclone was a grizzly cub from Alaska., He was sent to the Bears’ Nursery at New York., Little Czar, a European bear cub attacked cyclone., In return, cyclone attacked Czar bravely., Czar ran away in fear., All the bears respected little cyclone., After that he was gentle and attacked no other bear., Fight for Right, Part – II, Section – I, Q.no.15 - 18., Answer any three of the following questions in a sentence or two:, Unit – I, Learning the Game, 1. Who were Sachin’s favourite players?, Sunil Gavaskar and Viv Richards., 2. What was special about Shardashram Vidhyamandir in Mumbai?, At Shardashram Vidhyamandir in Mumbai, Ramakant, Achrekar Sir was the cricket coach., 3. What routine did Sachin follow in washing his clothes?, Sachin washed his clothes as soon as he had returned from, the playing session atleast twice a day., 4. What is the intense ‘fifteen minutes’ mentioned?, Achrekar Sir would keep a one rupee coin on the top of the, stumps. Sachin had to hit and win the one rupee coin., 5. What did embarrassed Sachin in the bus?

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Travelling at peak hours was hard to get a seat., , The, , conductor asked him to buy two tickets for his kit bag too., 6. What did Achrekar advise Sachin?, Achrekar advised Sachin not to waste his time playing insane, games with those kids., 7. ‘I owe myself to him’ – What does Sachin mean by this?, Sachin is grateful to Achrekar for his training. So he made, the comment, “I owe myself to him”., , Unit – II, I can’t climb trees any more, 1. Explain: “Blessings rest on the house where the shadow of a tree, falls”., (or), What was the local superstition about trees?, The trees give the shadow and protect us from heat and, comfort. So, it is considered as a blessing., 2. Why did the visitor returned to his old house?, The visitor returned to his old house to see his treasure – the, Iron cross which had left in the Jack fruit tree., 3. What did the writer observe about the house?, The narrator observed that there was no change even after, many years in the house., 4. What did the visitor do with the turnstile when he was a boy?, The narrator used to swing on the turnstile and going round, and round until he was quite dizzy.

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Unit – III, Old Man River, 1. What were the important objects that the girls and Jim try to move, to the attic? Why?, The girls and Jim tried to move valuable books and Jewel, case to the attic, because the water was rising up very fast., 2. Who came to rescue the children?, Mr. Tom Peters and Miss. Marsh, the Red cross nurse, came, to rescue the children., 3. Who is Miss Marsh? How does she help Sara?, Miss. Marsh is the Red cross nurse. She suggests to take, Sara to the Red cross hospital., 4. Who were taken in the boat? Who were left behind?, Rose and Betty were taken in the boat. Jim and Amy were, left behind., 5. How does Red cross help the children?, The Red cross helps the children by sending Mr. Peters and, Miss. Marsh., 6. Why is Jim climbing on the roof?, Jim is climbing on the roof to signal for help from there., 7. Who is the founder of the Junior Red cross?, Henry Dunant is the founder of the Red cross., Unit – IV, Seventeen Oranges, 1. Where did the narrator work and what was his job?, The narrator worked in the shipyard to carry the goods and, deliver them., 2. What was the narrator carrying in his pockets?, The narrator was carrying oranges in his pockets.

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www.nammakalvi.in, 3. Who was Pongo?, Pongo was a police security officer., 4. What did the voice in the narrator’s head tell him to do?, The voice told him to swallow the pips and the peels quickly., 5. What did the narrator do with the pips and peels? (or) What did the, narrator do to get rid of the evidence?, The narrator swallowed the pips and peels completely., 6. What happened to the narrator’s love for oranges after the, incident?, The oranges worked away in the narrator’s stomach. His, love for oranges vanished after the incident., Unit – V, Water – The Elixir of Life – Sir. C.V.Raman, 1. What is the imaginary elixir of life?, Divine Amritha is the imaginary elixir of life., 2. What according to the writer is the real elixir of life?, Water is the real elixir of life according to Sir. C.V.Raman., 3. What is the ‘cheering sight’ mentioned in the paragraph?, The rain fed full tanks are the cheerful sight., 4. How does the water in rain fed tanks get its colour? (or) How does, water help in the formation fertile lands?, Water carries silt or finely divided soil in suspension to get its, colour., 5. What is the main cause of soil erosion?, Heavy rain is the main cause of soil erosion., 6. How can soil erosion be prevented?, Soil erosion can be prevented by, i., , terracing of land., , ii., , bunds to check the flow of water.

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iii., , contour cultivation., , iv., , Planting appropriate types of vegetation., , 7. What is the cheapest means of transport?, Water transport is the cheapest., Unit – VI, From Zero to Infinity, 1. Why did the students laugh at Ramanujan?, Ramanujan asked a silly question in the class., , So they, , laughed at him., 2. What did Ramanujan do after reading the book on Trignometry?, Ramanujan mastered the book and also began his own, research., 3. What were the subjects neglected by Ramanujan in college?, History, English and Physiology., 4. What did Ramanujan send to G.H. Hardy?, Ramanujan sent a letter to G.H. Hardy in which he set out, 120 theorems and formulae., 5. Who discovered a rare mathematical genius in Ramanujan?, G.H. Hardy and J.E. Little wood discovered a rare, mathematical genius in Ramanujan., 6. Why was Ramanujan sent back to India?, Ramanujan was affected by Tuberculosis. So he was sent, back to India.

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Unit – VII, A Birthday Letter – Jawaharlal Nehru, 1. From which prison did Nehru write this letter?, Nehru wrote this letter from Naini Prison., 2. Which historical character inspired young Indira?, Joan of Arc, the historical character inspired young Indira., 3. Why did Nehru dislike sermonizing?, Nehru disliked sermonizing because talking and discussing, is the best way to find what is right or wrong., 4. When do ordinary men and women become heroes?, Ordinary men and women become heroes when history, helps them., 5. What does the phrase ‘great drama’ refer to?, It refers to the activities of the people of India in the great, freedom movement., 6. Why are freedom fighters under Gandhi not afraid of anything?, They do everything with no room for secrecy of hiding. So, they are not afraid of anything., Q.no.19 - 22. Poem Question and Answers:, Unit - I, Stopping by Woods on a Snowy Evening, 1. Who is the speaker?, The poet is the speaker., 2. Why does the horse give his harness bells a shake?, He gives his harness bells a shake to ask if there is any, mistake., 3. How does the horse communicate with the poet?, The horse communicates with the poet by shaking his, harness bells.

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www.nammakalvi.in, 4. How are the woods?, The woods are lovely, dark and deep., 5. Explain miles to go before I sleep., The duties in his life to be completed before his death., 6. Where is the poet?, The poet is in the woods., 7. Where is his house?, His house is in the village., 8. What is the sound heard?, The sound of wind and ice flakes is heard., 9. What season does the line suggest?, It is winter season., Unit - II, A Poison Tree, 1. Write a synonyms for ‘wrath’, Wrath means anger., 2. How did the anger of the poet come to an end?, The poet’s anger came to an end when he expresses his, anger to his friend., 3. What does ‘it’ refer to?, It refers to the tree., 4. How is it watered?, It is watered with fears and tears., 5. Who is the ‘foe’ referred to here?, The foe referred to is the speaker’s enemy., 6. What does apple signify?, Apple signifies the fruit poisoned with hatred., 7. What grew both day and night?, The poet’s hatred grew both day and night.

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8. How did the poet grow the tree?, The poet grew it with fake smiles and anger., 9. Who stole into the garden?, The poet’s enemy stole into the garden., 10. Why did he enter the garden?, He entered to pluck and eat the apple., Unit - III, On Killing a tree, 1. Can a simple jab of the knife kill a tree?, No, a simple jab of the knife can’t kill a tree., 2. Why does it take much time to kill a tree?, The tree is strong and deeply rooted in the ground., 3. What does the tree feed from the crust?, The tree feeds on sunlight, water and oxygen., 4. What does the phrase ‘leprous hide’ mean?, ‘Leprous hide’ refers to the discoloured bark of the tree., 5. What will happen to the bleeding bark?, The bleeding bark heals itself., 6. What does ‘anchoring earth’ mean?, ‘Anchoring earth’ means the roots are spread deeply to, give strength., 7. What will rise from close to the ground?, Curled green twigs and small boughs will rise from close, to the ground., Unit - IV, The Spider and the Fly, 1. What will the fly get to see in the parlour?, The fly can see many curious things in the parlour.

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2. Is the fly willing to enter the spider’s pantry?, No, the fly is not willing to enter the spider’s pantry., 3. List the words used by the spider to describe the fly., The words used are witty, wise, gauzy wings and brilliant, eyes., 4. Why was the spider sure that the fly would come back again?, Because the spider thought that the fly had fallen to its, flattery., 5. Who does ‘she’ refer to?, She refers to the fly., 6. What is the advice given to the readers?, The poet advises not to fall a prey to flattery., Unit - V, The River, 1. What is meant by ‘foliage’?, Foliage means a cluster of leaves, flowers and branches., 2. Why does the poet mention the river to be swelling?, The river is swelling because many small streams join it., 3. Where does the rose grow?, The rose grows on the banks of the river., 4. Which stage of man is compared here?, The stage of youthful days of man is compared here., 5. What is broad and deep?, The river is broad and deep., 6. Where is the river following to?, The river is following to the ocean., 7. What does the poet mean by ‘mortal prime’?, Mortal Prime means death.

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www.nammakalvi.in, Unit - VI, The Comet, 1. How does the comet travel?, The comet travels by making loud noise and damage., 2. Why is the comet compared to a cheetah?, Because the Cheetah is the fastest and powerful., 3. Whose tail is compared here?, The comet’s tail is compared here., 4. What is causing the land to quake?, The shockwaves created by the comet causes the land to, quake., 5. What is the best spectacle mentioned in the above lines?, The comet in full flight., 6. Why is the comet so powerful and strong?, It is bigger than a mountain., 7. What is melting?, The outer ice of the comet is melting., 8. Pick out the phrase that portraits “the comet’s flight”?, It is better spectacle., Unit - VII, The stick together families, 1. Who are the gladdest person living?, The stick together families., 2. Where do they gather?, They gather at the fireside., 3. What can break their unity?, Death, 4. When do they have their family conventions?, After their busy day is done.

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5. What do the rich and the poor folk imagine themselves to be?, Wise, 6. Who wins the joys of the earth?, The stick together family., 7. What does the poet mean by stick – together family?, Stay and live with the brothers, sisters, relatives and friends., 8. What do they harvest?, They harvest bitterness., 9. What do they find?, They find empty joy., 10. What is meant by ‘astray’?, Astray means away from the correct path., 11. Which protects the happiness of life?, The old home roof, 12. What is meant by ‘comrade’ and ‘kin’?, Comrade means friend, Kin means relative., Part – I, Q.no. 1-3, Choose the appropriate synonyms for the Italicised words:, 1., 2., 3., 4., 5., 6., , Emulate, Pursue, Transpire, Induction, Deteriorated, Passion, , -, , Imitate, Compete, Follow, Chase, Revealed, inference, Became worse, Strong desire, Unit – II, , 7., 8., 9., , Muttered, Slithered, Chiming, , - Murmured, Whispered, - Slipped, Wriggled, - Ringing

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10. Crank, 11. Pruning, 12. Brave, , - Turn over, Start, - Trimming, - Bold, Courage, Unit – III, , 13., 14., 15., 16., 17., 18., 19., 20., 21., , Lantern, Pitcher, Cloud burst, Hark, Shudder, Rescue, Wrap, Scared, Exit, , -, , Lamp, Jug, Violent storm, Pay attention, Listen, Shiver, Tremble, Save, Cover, Afraid, Way out, Egress, Unit – IV, , 22., 23., 24., 25., 26., 27., , Dock, Apron, Pips, Concealed, Chunks, Blabbing, , -, , Berth, Pinafore, Seeds, Hidden, Pieces, Idle talk, Unit – V, , 28., 29., 30., 31., 32., 33., , Elixir, Billowing, Trickle, Precipitate, Crust, Catchment, , -, , Potion, Great waves, Drizzle, Bring about, Outer layered, Reservoir, Unit – VI, , 34., 35., 36., 37., 38., 39., , Absurd, Infinity, Intriguing, Prodigy, Agonising, Disembark, , -, , Silly, Stupid, Unreasonable, Beyond limit, Interesting, Inborn genius, Extreme pain, Get off, Detrain

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www.nammakalvi.in, 40. Discrepancy, 41. Conjecture, , - Inconsistency, Difference, - Speculation, Unit – VII, , 42., 43., 44., 45., 46., 47., , Sermon, Fascinated, Sacred, Serene, Unruffled, Oppressed, , -, , religious speech, Interested, Attracted, Blessed, Peace, Calm, Not worried, Suppressed, Restrain, , Example:, 1. My father suggested that cricket was to be my priority., a. posteriority, , b. importance, , c. preview, , d. future Ans: b, , 2. Then he quickened his steps and moved towards the bus stop., a. hastened, , b. slowed, , c. quietened, , d. wobbled Ans: a, , 3. I’m glad I served on the Junior Red Cross, a. laboured, , b. enjoyed, , c. worked, , d. hated Ans: c, , Q.no.4 - 6 Antonyms:, Choose the appropriate antonym for the italicised words:, 4. I don’t want to scare, a. reassure, , c. frighten d. discourage Ans: b, , b. terrify, , 5. I caught him with his pocket full of oranges., a. released, , b. captured, , c. punished d. cared Ans: a, , 6. Its ancient civilization was created., a. old, , b. primitive, , c. modern d. important Ans: c, , Unit – I, 1., 2., 3., 4., , early, overawed, scrutiny, rigorous, , x, x, x, x, , later, unimpressed, glance, slender

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5. immense, 6. embarrassed, 7. drained, , x small, x confident, x energetic, Unit – II, , 1., 2., 3., 4., 5., 6., 7., , alter, embodied, offence, treasures, bravery, quickened, receiving, , x, x, x, x, x, x, x, , maintain, disembodied, defense, worthless, cowardice, slowed down, delivering, Unit – III, , 1., 2., 3., 4., 5., 6., 7., , raise, backyard, interrupted, greeting, irritation, emergency, wraps, , x, x, x, x, x, x, x, , lower, front yard, uninterrupted, blaming, cursing, cool, calmness, unwraps, Unit – IV, , 1., 2., 3., 4., 5., 6., 7., , hidden, furiously, concealed, large, struggle, managed, fond of, , x, x, x, x, x, x, x, , revealed, coolly, calmly, revealed, tiny, surrender, neglected, hate, Unit – V, , 1., 2., 3., 4., 5., 6., , anywhere, entire, neglected, reflect, finest, precious, , x, x, x, x, x, x, , no where, partial, added, disregard, lowest, invaluable

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loaf, half, thief, knife, shelf, , - loaves, - halves, - thieves, - knives, - shelves, Add (oo – ee), goose, - geese, tooth, - teeth, foot, - feet, , Add – is – es, thesis, - theses, crisis, - crises, analysis, - analyses, diagnosis - diagnoses, oasis, - oases, ellipsis, - ellipses, , cactus, - cacti, Nucleus, - Nuclei, hippopotamus - hippopotami, syllabus, - syllabi, stimulus, - stimuli, Add (x – ces), appendix, - appendices, vortex, - vortices, index, - indices, apex, - apices, matrix, - matrices, um – a, bacterium, - bacteria, stratum, - strata, memorandum - memoranda, podium, - podia, datum, - data, curriculum, - curricula, erratum, - errata, spectrum, - spectra

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a – ae, agenda, - agenda, alga, - algae, amoeba, - amoebae, antenna, - antennae, alumna, - alumnae, encyclopaedia - ecyclopaediae, fistula, - fistulae, hyna, - hynae, Irregular plurals, child, - children, ox, , - oxen, , mouse, , - mice, , louse, , - lice, Same Plural forms, bison, - bison, asset, - asset, deer, - deer, dozen, - dozen, stationery, fish, equipment, information, luggage, news, sheep, , -, , stationery, fish, equipment, information, luggage, news, sheep, , same, plural forms, scenery, - scenery, spectacles, - spectacles, trousers, - trousers, pants, - pants, swine, - swine, vocation, - vocation, hundred, - hundred, thousand, - thousand, Compound Plurals, commander-in- - commanders-inchief, chief, daughter-in- daughers-in-law, law, inspector, - inspectors, general, general, man-of-war, - men-of-war, runner up, - runners up, passer – by, - passers by, son-in-law, - sons-in-law, step-son, - steps-son, teaspoonful, - teaspoonsful,, teaspoonfuls, cupful, - cupfuls, , Q.no.8., Prefix – Suffix:, Definition:, 1. Prefix vd;gJ XhpU vOj;Jf;fs; xU thh;j;ijapd; Kd; Nrh;f;fg;gl;L, , GJ mh;j;jk; nfhLf;fg;gLtJ.

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nfhLf;fg;gl;L, , kWghjp, , fPOs;s, , tpilfspy;, , xd;iwj;, , Njh;T, , Ntz;Lk;., Example:, He had a party under the moon _____ yesterday., a. side, b. light, c. day, d. white, = workshop, 1. work, + shop, 2. neighbour + hood, = neighbourhood, 3. school, + yard, = schoolyard, 4. room, + mate, = room mate, 5. class, + mate, = classmate, 6. home, + work, = homework, 7. down, + load, = download, 8. on, + line, = online, 9. off, + line, = offline, 10. back, + yard, = backyard, 11. cloud, + burst, = cloudburst, 12. living, + room, = living room, 13. business + man, = business man, 14. play, + house, = play house, 15. some, + body, = somebody, 16. red, + cross, = red cross, 17. fore, + head, = forehead, 18. rain, + fall, = rainfall, 19. earth, + quake, = earthquake, 20. South, + Indian, = South Indian, 21. first, + aid, = first aid, 22. web, + site, = website, 23. flow, + chart, = flowchart, 24. road, + side, = roadside, 25. tea, + shop, = teashop, 26. police, + man, = policeman, 27. hand, + some, = handsome, 28. wheel, + chair, = wheel chair, 29. power, + brake, = power brake, 30. full, + moon, = full moon, 31. sky, + watching = sky watching, 32. every, + day, = everyday, 33. tea, + spoon, = teaspoon, , nra;a

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34., 35., 36., 37., 38., 39., 40., 41., 42., 43., 44., 45., 46., 47., 48., 49., 50., 51., 52., 53., 54., 55., 56., 57., 58., 59., , flower, country, hill, birth, orphan, basket, river, life, star, relation, car, head, air, cricket, fast, pass, man, war, pine, sky, over, folk, battle, black, cool, duty, , +, +, +, +, +, +, +, +, +, +, +, +, +, +, +, +, +, +, +, +, +, +, +, +, +, +, , pot, side, side, day, age, ball, bed, span, gazing, ship, park, light, port, ground, food, port, hole, time, tree, blue, load, dance, field, board, drink, free, , =, =, =, =, =, =, =, =, =, =, =, =, =, =, =, =, =, =, =, =, =, =, =, =, =, =, , flower pot, country side, hill side, birthday, orphanage, basket ball, river bed, life span, stargazing, relationship, car park, head light, airport, cricket ground, fast food, passport, manhole, war time, pine tree, sky blue, over load, folk dance, battle field, black board, cool drink, duty free, , Q.no.12., Prepositions (,ilr;nrhy;):, , xU, , ngah;r;, , nrhy;ypw;F, , Kd;dhy;, , ,lj;ijAk; epiyiaAk; Fwpf;Fk;., Example:, 1. I am reading in the library., 2. Go down the stairs through the hall., , tUk;., , ,J, , fhyj;ijAk;

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www.nammakalvi.in, 3. He swam across the pool., 4. I was born on July 4th 1982 at Madurai in Tamilnadu., , rpy preposition fisAk; mtw;wpd; gad;ghLfisAk; fhz;Nghk;, No, 1., 2., 3., 4., , 5., , 6., 7., , Preposition, Meaning, place, ,y;, at, time, ,y;>, place, in, f;Fs;, time, NkNy>, place, on, time fhyj;jpw;F, place, ,Ue;J, from, time, noun, place, f;F, to, time, noun, place, My;, by, time, noun, , ,Ue;J, , since, noun, , f;fhf, , time, , Mf, , 8., , for, , 9., 10., 11., , of, into, with, , cila, cs;Sf;Fs;, cld;, , 12., , without, , ,y;yhky;, , 13., 14., 15., , after, before, during, , 16., , till, , 17., , until, , gpd;dhy;, Kd;dhy;, mg;NghJ, ,Jtiu>, Fwpg;gpl;l Neuk;, tiu, tiu, , Sentence, 1. My house is at Rajiv Nagar., 2. The function started at 5.PM., 1. The cap is in the box., 2. My dad will visit Chennai in December., 1. He is sitting on the sofa., 2. I will do the work on Monday., 1. The train is coming from Mumbai., 2. They stay fasted from 10 PM onwards., 3. I brought this pen from the hypermarket., 1. I am going to Delhi., 2. The time is ten to six., 3. Sudha sends a mail to Madhu., 1. Sita will have finished her work by 9 PM., 2. This drawing is painted by Ranjith., 3. We are getting older day by day., Ravi has been painting this building since, January., 1. This is for your information., 2. My sister had been waiting for me for, 2hours., This is a bangle of Nayan., The basket sank into the river., She stays with her friends., You should not leave the room without, permission., Go one after another., I reached the place before nightfall., We went to Trichy during holidays., This centre will be kept open till 10 PM., We shall wait until she comes.

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www.nammakalvi.in, a. when, , b. if, , c. unless, , d. and, , 3. My car has a radio ___________ CD player., a. but, , b. or, , c. and, , d. when Ans: c, , 4. She speaks English __________ Tamil., a. as well as, , b. and, , c. either of them d. nor Ans: a, , 5. __________ he worked hard, he did not win., a. though, , b. as if, , c. as though, , d. because Ans: a, , 6. John smokes _____ his brother doesn’t., a. but, , b. and, , c. so, , d. for Ans: a, , 7. I plan to take my vacation _____ in June ____ in July., a. whether / or b. either / or, , c. as / if, , d. both / and Ans: b, , 8. Will you please wait here ______ I come back?, a. until, , b. till, , c. as soon as, , d. by Ans: b, , 9. I will call you ________ I have the information., a. as soon as, , b. where, , c. until, , d. on Ans: a, , 10. I like him __________ he is sincere., a. so, , b. because c. hence, , d. as though Ans: b, , 11. Savoury flavours are _____ sweet _____ sour., a. often / and b. neither / nor c. both / and d. not only / or Ans: b, 12. I forgot ______ I had to meet the principal., a. whether, , b. that, , c. of, , d. about Ans: b, , 13. Nobody went out ________ It was rainy., a. so, , b. when, , c. while, , d. but Ans: c, , 14. The Governor realised his mistakes ____ he abolished the order., a. and, , b. when, , c. where, , d. so Ans: d, , 15. I have read the poem _____ written by Tagore., a. Who, , b. Which, , c. Where, , d. When Ans: b

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www.nammakalvi.in, 2. Turn right. (tyJ Gwk; jpUk;G), 3. Turn left. (,lJ Gwk; jpUk;G), 4. You will reach the main road. (Kf;fpa rhiyia nrd;wiltha;), 5. Walk straight. (Neuhfr; nry;), 6. Cross the road. (rhiyiaf; fle;J nry;), 7. You will reach the topNfl;fg;gl;l ,lk;. (eP topNfl;l ,lj;ij, mile;J tpl;lha;), Example: A man wants to go to the State Bank in your locality. Guide, him., Raja Store, Main Road, State Bank, , Bus Stop, , You are here, , Answer:, 1. Go Straight, 2. Turn left, 3. Cross the main road, , 4. You will reach the State Bank, opposite to Raja Store., , Q.no.35., Poetic Devices:, Figures of Speech: Poetic lines, Alliteration, Personification (cUtfk;), , Metaphor, , Imagery, , The words are lovely dark and deep., My horse must think it queer. To ask if there, is some mistake, It’s the stick together family that wins the joys, of earth., A poison tree – title, And out of its leprous hide, It’s the old home roof that shelters., There you find the gladest playground., To stop without a farmhouse near., Between the woods and frozen lake., The darkest evening of the year.

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Slowly consuming the earth., Years of sunlight, air and water., Flowers and foliage., Rose banks., That hears the sweetest., Like impetuous youth., Just like mortal prime, Like eternity., , Simile, , Q.no.36., Poem Paraphrasing:, The stanza has a strong theme., The theme of the poem is ___________________, This stanza tells the theme clearly., The stanza is the soul of the poem, Note: nfhLf;fg;gl;Ls;s Poem d; Paragraph gbj;jpUe;jhy; mjid, vOjTk;., Theme for all poems:, Poem – 1 – Stopping by woods on a snowy evening:, ‘Love your duty. do it on time’., Poem – 2 – A Poison tree:, Anger leads to sin., Poem – 3 – On killing a tree:, Lot of work has to be done to uproot a tree., Poem – 4 – The Spider and the fly:, Flattery leads to danger.

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Poem – 5 The River:, Nature is eternal., Poem – 6 – The Comet:, A comet in full flight is eye catching., Poem – 7 – The stick – together families:, Joint – family is the happiest one., Q.No. 38, 47., Prose / Poem Comprehension:, Nfs;tpapy; cs;s thh;j;ijfis, tUfpwJ vd;gij fz;lwpaTk;., Nfs;tpapy;, , cs;s, , thh;j;ijfs;, , gj;jpapy;, tUk;, , ve;j, , thf;fpaj;jpy;, , thf;fpaj;jpw;F, , cs;s thf;fpak;> me;j thf;fpak; gpd;dhy; tUk;, , Kd;dhy;, , thf;fpak; vd, , %d;iwAk; Nrh;j;J vOjTk;., Exercise:, Books are the greatest treasure of mankind and the habit of, reading them is the source of pleasure. He who is in the habit of reading, books should buy books for himself. He should start collecting books in, his youth. The books collected and arranged properly in a room not only, decorate the room but also make the presence of their authors felt., Books contain in them eternal truths and are better friends than those of, flesh and blood as they not only entertain but also guide us., Questions, Answers, a. What are the treasures and a. Books are the treasures and the, what gives pleasure, habit of reading gives pleasure., b. When should one start b. One should start collecting books in, collecting books?, his / her youth., c. What do books contain in c. Books contain eternal truths in, them?, them.

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www.nammakalvi.in, d. Mention any two uses of d. Books entertain us and also guide, books., us., e. ……… are better friends. e. a. books, Choose the best:, a) Books b) Flesh and, blood, Poem Comprehension:, Exercise:, I love all beauteous things, I seek and adore them;, God hath no beter praise,, And man in his hasty days, Is honoured for them., I too will something make, And joy in the making;, Altho’ tomorrow it seem, Like the empty words of a dream, Remembered on walking., Questions, a. What does the poet love?, , a., , b. Who is in his hasty days?, b., c. Which is remembered on c., walking?, d. What does the poet do, when he d., seeks beauteous things?, , Answers, The poet loves all beautiful, things., Man is in his hasty days., Empty words of a dream are, remembered on walking., He adores them.

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Q.no.39., Advertisement:, Arun ice creams – keep cool, keep happy – enjoy your life – buy, one get one free – starts from Rs. 10 – 110, Anna Salai, Theni – 10., , ARUN ICE CREAMS, Buy 1 get, 1 Free!, , Enjoy, your, life, , Starts from, Rs. 10/-, , [email protected], , Address, 110, Anna Salai,, Theni – 10, 9442397856, , Points to Remember:, 1. Title should be written in bold letter., 2. Outline should be split into two – Subject Matter and Address, 3. Relevant pictures should be drawn inside the border., 4. Insert all the words and phrases from the question., 5. Caption should be written., 6. Address, Contact number and email id must be written at the, bottom.

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Q.no.40., Letter Writing, Informal Letter, Madurai – 2., 20th March 2020, Dear Friend / Father,, I am fine. How are you and all at home? Well and wish the same, with you. (Nfs;tpapy; ,Ue;J tpguq;fis vLj;J vOjTk;)., wishes to all at home. Rest in next letter., With love / With Regards, Yours lovingly / affectionately, Address on the envelope:, , To, Latha. C, 201/10, Anna Salai,, Chennai – 2., , Convey my

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Q.no.43., Note making and Summary Writing:, Note Making:, nghUj;jkhd Title vOjTk;., nfhLf;fg;gl;Ls;s passage y; cs;s rpwpa thh;j;ijfis (a, an, the, is, am,, was, for, from, will, would…….) mfw;wptpl;L me;j ,lj;jpy; hyphen (-), Nghl;L vOjTk;., , Punctuation marks (. , ; ?) jtph;f;fTk;., Summary, Rough Copy:, Write the title., Make the passage into its three – fourth., Cut the passage from left to right., Fair Copy:, Write the topic., Reduce the passage into five or six lines., Words in passage: ____, Words in Summary: ____, Model Exercise:, Any polished surface which reflects light is a mirror. Most mirrors, are made of smooth glass. These glass strips are backed with a very, thin layer of aluminium. Not all mirrors are flat. Convex mirrors bulge, outwards. They make things look smaller. But they give us a wider, view. They are often used as driving mirrors in cars. They are also, used as security mirror in shops. Concave mirrors curve inwards. They, are used as shaving mirrors, because they magnify things which are

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www.nammakalvi.in, close. With distant things, they produce a tiny upside – down image. In, large telescopes they are used to collect and focus the light., , Notes:, MIRROR, Any polished surface – reflects light – mirror – made of smooth glass –, glass strips – backed with thin layer of aluminium – Convex – bulge outwards –, make look smaller – wider view – driving mirrors in cars – security mirror in, shops – Concave – curve inwards – shaving mirrors – magnify close things –, distant things – tiny upside – down image – telescopes – focus the light., SUMMARY, ROUGH DRAFT:, MIRROR, A light reflecting polished surface is a mirror that is made of smooth glass, strips backed with a thin layer of aluminium. Convex mirrors bulge outwards., They make things look smaller and wider view. They are used in cars and also, used as security mirror in shops. Concave mirrors curve inwards. They are, used as shaving mirrors, because they magnify things which are close and, produce a tiny upside – down image. They are used in telescopes., FAIR DRAFT:, MIRROR, A mirror is a smooth glass backed with a very thin layer of aluminium. It, reflects light. Convex mirrors bulge outwards. They make things look smaller., They are used in cars. Concave mirrors curve inwards. They are used as, shaving mirrors., Words in passage: 106, Words in summary : 36

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livelihood. One day his village was affected by earthquake. More than, six hundred and two villages were destroyed., , He was away at that, , night. So he escaped from the devastation. Soldiers cleared the debris., But no one was alive in his family except Bhuli, his sister. It was a, miracle that Bhuli survived from that devastation with the help of a kind, army officer. The next day he searched for the officer to thank him. But, he couldn’t find out. So that he served tea for strange people in memory, of the officer., “Love is divine”., , www.nammakalvi.in