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POORNAPRAJNA ENGLISH MEDIUM HIGH SCHOOL, , , , , , 4. What were the achievements of Devaraya II?, , (a) He defeated the king Gajapati Kapilendra of Orissa and seized, Kondaveedu., , (b) He expanded his kingdom upto Krishna river in the north east by, , suppressing the regional leader of the border., , (c) He defeated the Kerala state and received royalties from Kerala and, , Srilanka., , Hence he came to be known as Dakshinapathada Chakravarthi (the, Emperor of the South)., , (d) He chased the traditional foe Ahmed Shah of Bahamani till Bijapur and, occupied Mudgal and Bankapura., (e) His commander, Lakkanna Dandesha, took up a successful naval, victory., , 5. What were the problems Krishnadevaraya had to face when he ascended, the throne?, , The kingdom was besieged by various complex internal and external, , problems., (a) The Europeans had established colonies., , (b) The Moghuls of the north were trying to expand their kingdom in the, , southern region., , (c) The five Shahi kingdoms of the Bahamani dynasty became powerful, , Sultanates and plunged into war against Krishnadevaraya., , (d) The kings of Ummatthur and Orissa were a constant source of threat., , 6. What are the contributions of Vijayanagar Empire to the economic, system and society?, , Economic system:, (a) Land tax was the main source of revenue for the kingdom., (b) Farmers gave 4 of their income to the government as tax., , 9th Social Science (English medium) Notes Page 2

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POORNAPRAJNA ENGLISH MEDIUM HIGH SCHOOL, , , , , , (c) Professional tax, revenue tax, road tax, market tax, commercial tax,, import and export taxes and tributes from the vassals were other forms of, , revenue to the kingdom., , (d) Agriculture was the backbone of the economy. Many important food, , and cash crops were grown., , (e) There was great progress in the field of industries and commerce., , (f) Spices like pepper, cloves and cardamom, salt petre, iron ore,, diamonds, granulated sugar, must, sandal perfume etc. were exported., , (g) There were many textile industries., , (h) Coins of different denominations like gold coins, gadyaana, pagoda,, silver coins and copper coins were in use. There were diamonds, iron ore, centers, Sapphires used to be available in plenty., , (i) Countries like Arab, China and Portugal had trade relations with the, Vijayanagar Empire., , Society:, , (a) The society was based on the 4-tiered caste system. However, there was, also occupation-based caste system., , (b) There were many skilled artisans, blacksmiths, bell-metal smiths,, carpenters, weavers and cobblers in the society., , (c) The practice of child marriage, sati and devadasi were prevalent., , (d) Though monogamy was the common practice, kings and rich people, , had many wives., , 7. Describe the art and architecture of the Vijayanagar period., e The unique feature of Vijayanagar architecture was the construction of, huge auditoriam and marriage halls., e Temples had huge towers (rayagopura), leaf-shaped arches and platforms., e In this art, more than ornamentation, the qualities of grandeur, awe and, , elegance were given importance., , , , 9th Social Science (English medium) Notes Page 3

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POORNAPRAJNA ENGLISH MEDIUM HIGH SCHOOL, , , , , , e Rough granite stone (kanashile) was used for construction of these, structures., , e The temples were built in Hampi, Shringeri, Tirupati, Lepakshi, Karkala,, Bhatkal, kanchi, Srishaila, Kolar etc., , e The Vijaya Vitthala temple of Hampi is known for its magnificent, architectural beauty., , e The saptaswara musical pillars, huge marriage halls and the stone chariot, have enhanced the beauty of this temple., , e The most ancient temple at Hampi, the Virupaksha temple has a vast, courtyard/hall., , 8. How can Gawan be considered as the best Prime minister in Bahamani, , dynasty?, , e Asa Prime Minister of the Bahamani kingdom, Mohammed Gawan took, the Bahamani kingdom to great heights through his efficient, administration and victories., , e Gawan conquered Konkan, Goa and Belgaum., , e He invaded Orissa and conquered Kondaveedu., , e Inthe year 1481 A.D., he invaded Kanchi and plundered its huge wealth., , 9. Describe the administration and revenue system during the rule of the, Bahamani sultans., , Administration: (a) There were three levels of administration namely, Central, Provincial and Village. Among these, there was revenue, judicial, , and military administration too., (b) The Sultan was the chief of the central administration., (c) The cabinet was called MajlisE-IIwith., , (d) Top officials, commandants, ulemas and amins were friends and, , relatives of the Sultan., , 9th Social Science (English medium) Notes Page 4

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POORNAPRAJNA ENGLISH MEDIUM HIGH SCHOOL, , , , , , (e) Gawan converted the existing 4 provinces into 8 units and these, provinces were administered by 15governments., , (f) The governments were divided into paraganas. Kotwal, Deshmukh and, Desai were the administrators of the paraganas. The village was the final, , independent unit of administration., , Taxation system:, (a) Land tax was the main source of income for thekingdom., , (b) Amir-E-Jumlas were the head of the revenueauthorities., (c) 4 to % of the agricultural produce was collected as landtax., , (d) There were 50 kinds of taxes including house, mines, tobacco, , grasslands, trade andemployment, , 10. Explain the education, art and architecture of the Bahamani sultans., , The educational policy of the Adil Shahis was to propagate Islamic, culture., , e There were schools known as maktabs. They were under the control of, mosques., , e The students in the maktabs were taught the alphabet, religion, law,, poetry and rhetoric., , e The madras as were centers of highereducation., , e Mohammed Gawan who was a scholar himself, established a madras a, (college) at Bidar., , e It had a library with around 3000manuscripts., , e The college was a lodge for students, teachers, and orthodoxpeople., , e Astronomy, grammar, mathematics, philosophy and political science, were studied in this college., , Art and architecture: The Bahamani sultans developed Indo Sareenic style, , of architecture., , 9th Social Science (English medium) Notes Page 5