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Chapter 5 — Industries, , 1. Answer the following questions., , (i) What is meant by the term ‘industry’?, , Answer: Industry refers to an economic activity that is concerned with production of goods like iron and, steel industry, extraction of minerals like coal mining industry and the provision of services like tourism, industry., , (ii) Which are the main factors which influence the location of an industry?, , Answer: Setting up an industry leads to development and growth of that location. The factors that, affect the location of industries are the easy availability of raw material and land, adequate supply of, water and labour, access to power and transport, presence of market and good amount of, capital.Sometimes, the government also provides incentives like subsidised power, lower transport cost, and other infrastructural facilities so that industries may be located in backward areas., , (iii) Which industry is often referred to as the backbone of modern industry and why?, , Answer: Steel is called the backbone of modern industry because almost everything we use is either, made of steel or has been made with machinery or tool made out of steel. Steel industry is basically the, feeder industry whose products are the raw materials for other industries., , (iv) Why has the cotton textile industry rapidly expanded in Mumbai?, Answer: The warm and moist climate, proximity to port, easy availability of raw material and skilled, labour helped in rapid expansion of the cotton textile industry in Mumbai., , 2. Tick the correct answer., (i) Fort Gloster is located in, (a) West Bengal, , (b) California, , (c) Gujarat, , Answer: a) West bengal, , (ii) Which one of the following is a natural fibre?, (a) nylon, , (b) jute, , (c) acryclic, , Answer: b Jute, , 3. Distinguish between the following., , (i) Agro-based and mineral based industry, , Answer: Agro based industries use plant and animal based products as their raw materials. Itis a, source of employment for people in rural areas. Food processing, vegetable oil, cotton textile, dairy, products and leather industries are examples of agro-based industries. Whereas, Mineral based, industries are primary industries that use mineral ores as their raw materials. It is a source of, employment for both rural and urban populations. Steel and Iron Industries and Heavy Machinery, industries are examples of Mineral based industries., , (ii) Public sector and joint sector industry
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Chapter 4 — Agriculture, , 1. Answer the following questions., , (i) What is agriculture?, , Answer: Agriculture is a primary activity that includes growing crops, vegetables, fruits, flowers and, rearing of livestock. Agriculture is a primary activity as it is connected with the extraction and production, of natural resources., , (ii) Name the factors influencing agriculture?, Answer: the factors that influence agriculture include soil, climate, topography, population etc., , (iii) What is shifting cultivation? What are its disadvantages?, , Answer: Shifting cultivation also known as Slash-and-burn cultivation is a type of farming activity which, involves clearing of a land plot by cutting down trees and burning them. The ashes are then mixed with, the soil and crops are grown. After the land has lost its fertility, it is abandoned. The farmers then move, to a new place., , Disadvantages of shifting cultivation:, , Leads to deforestation, , Loss of fertility of a particular land, , Leads to Soil erosion, , Burning of trees causes air pollution, , Insufficient cultivation of crops for a large population., , (iv) What is plantation agriculture?, , Answer: Plantations are a type of commercial farming where single crops of tea, coffee, sugarcane,, cashew, rubber, banana or cotton are grown. Large amounts of capital and capital are required. The, produce may be processed on the farm itself or in nearby factories. The development of a transport, network is thus essential for such farming. Major plantations are found in the tropical regions of the, world. Rubber in Malaysia, coffee in Brazil, tea in India and Sri Lanka are some examples., , (v) Name the fibre crops and name the climatic conditions required for their growth., , Answer: Jute and Cotton are fibre crops. The climatic conditions necessary for the growth of Jute are, high temperature, Heavy rainfall and Humid climate. Similarly, for growth of cotton high temperature,, light rainfall, bright sunshine are required., , 2. Tick the correct answer., , (i) Horticulture means, , (a) growing of fruits and vegetables, , (b) primitive farming, , (c) growing of wheat, , Answer: A Growing of fruits and vegetables, , (ii) Golden fibre refers to, (a) tea, , (b) cotton, , (c) jute
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Chapter 3 - Mineral and Power Resources, , 1. Answer the following questions., , (i) Name any three common minerals used by you every day?, , Answer: Salt, petroleum and gold are the common minerals that are used by humans on a regular, basis., , (ii) What is an ore? Where are the ores of metallic minerals generally located?, , Answer: Ores are the rocks which are mined to extract minerals from them. Minerals occur in different, types of rocks. Some are found in igneous rocks, some in metamorphic rocks while others occur in, sedimentary rocks. The ores of metallic minerals are found in igneous and metamorphic rock, formations that form large plateaus., , (iii) Name two regions rich in natural gas resources?, , Answer: The United Kingdom and the Netherlands are the major producers of natural gas. Natural gas, is found with petroleum deposits and is released when crude oil is brought to the surface. It is used as a, domestic and industrial fuel., , (iv) Which sources of energy would you suggest for (a) rural areas (b) coastal areas (c) Arid, regions?, , Answer:, , a. In rural areas Coal Solar energy, Biogas and Firewood can be used as sources of energy., b. In Coastal areas wind power, petroleum and tidal power can be used., , CG, In arid areas geothermal powers and solar energy are most suitable to be used., , (v) Give five ways in which you can save energy at home., Answer:, , Switch off Light, TV, and fan when not in use., , Close tap properly so that it do not drip, , Use pressure cooker for cooking, , Prefer walking or using bicycle for short distance, Minimize the use of refrigerator, air conditioner and lifts., , VPON>, , 2. Tick the correct answer., (i) Which one of the following is NOT a characteristic of minerals?, , a. They are created by natural processes., , b. They have a definite chemical composition., c. They are inexhaustible., , d. Their distribution is uneven., , Answer: C they are inexhaustible, , (ii) Which one of the following is a leading producer of copper in the world?, a. Bolivia, , b. Ghana, , Cc. Zimbabwe, , d. Chile
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Chapter 6 - Human Resources, , 1. Answer the following questions., , (i) Why are people considered a resource?, , Answer: People are the greatest resource of the nation. All other resources of nature become, significant only when people extract its usefulness. It is people with their demands and abilities that turn, them into resources. Hence, human resource is the ultimate resource., , (ii) What are the causes for the uneven distribution of population in the world?, , Answer: Population distribution in the world is uneven because of the two factors Geographical and, Social factors., , Geographical factors include., , 1. Topography: People prefer to live on plains rather than mountains and plateaus because these, areas are suitable for farming, manufacturing and service activities. The Ganga plains are the, most densely populated areas of the world while mountains like Andes, Alps and Himalayas are, sparsely populated., , 2. Water: People prefer to live in the areas where freshwater is easily available. The river valleys, of the world are densely populated while deserts have spare population., , Social Factors include:, , KF Social: Areas of better housing, education and health facilities are more densely populated for, example Pune., 4. Economic: Industrial areas provide employment opportunities. Large number of people are, , attracted to these areas. Osaka in Japan and Mumbai in India are two densely populated areas., , (iii) The world population has grown very rapidly. Why?, , Answer: The world population has not been stable and has increased manifold due to advancements, in science and technology that has increased the food production and development in healthcare, facilities has helped in reducing death rate., , (iv) Discuss the role of any two factors influencing population change., , Answer: Two factors influencing change in population are birth rate and death rate. Birth rate is the, number of live births per 1,000 people and death rate is the number of deaths per 1,000 people. Births, and deaths are the natural causes of population change. Birth rate more than death rate means, population increase and vice-versa. The difference between the birth rate and the death rate of a, country is called the natural growth rate., , (v) What is meant by population composition?, , Answer: Population composition refers to the structure of the population. The composition of, population helps us to know how many are males or females, which age group they belong to, how, educated they are and what type of occupations they are employed in, what their income, , levels and health conditions are. An interesting way of studying the population composition of a country, is by looking at the population pyramid, also called an age-sex pyramid., , (vi) What are population pyramids? How do they help in understanding about the population of, a country?, , Answer: The graphical representation used to study the composition of a country's population is called, the population pyramid. It shows the total population divided into various age groups, percentage of the, total population subdivided into males and females, and how many dependents there are in a country.
