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es ish between:, nical industry and textile industry,, oe ical industry, pivotal role in the modern world, as it converts raw materials, ike oll, natural gas, air, water, metals and, minerals into more than 70,000 industrial, chemicals., chemicals are extensively used in, . aifferent fields like agriculture, medicine,, metallurey, textiles, glass, paints,, adhesives: plastics, leather, fertilisers,, pesticides, food processing, etc., , » some chemical factories produce soaps,, detergents and cosmetics., , plays °, , + Use inputs like coal, water, salts, sulphur,, ypsum, limestone, vegetables and some, animal products., . petrochemical industries i.e, those, industries which use the by-products of, petroleum industries to make chemicals,, first developed in USA and Europe before, spreading to different parts of the world., Also found in Russia, Japan, China, Canada., Textile industry , + Major industry that pro ides for the, primary need of humans-clothing., , Spinning yarn from natural fibres and, weaving it into a cloth, it flourished in Egypt, 5000 years ago., , The natural fibres, are cotton, wool,, are the basic raw, , Cotton, jute, he!, origin., , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , * Cotton t, extiles, Su Spread to M:, a : Other aaitad ene, ne ‘cimbatore, Kanpur, Chennai, : lamedabad, Kolkata, ection, ‘uducherry and Panipat. , ane, n ts, hea Centres of textile industry in the, me “Sse ~ the USA, China, Japan, and, ; - i, ae ee pean countries like Germany,, , ce and Spain are imi, portant, Manufacturers of synthetic cloth., , Paper and cement industry., , Paper industry, , * Ancient Egyptians made paper from the, Papyrus trees., , * The demand for paper is very high and, the supply is very low, in the developing, Tegions of the world., , * Asizable stock of paper now is made from, the wood pulp, fibrous grasses and plantsRags, waste papers and sugarcane wast, (after extraction of juice) are also used, in making paper. The industry also uses, caustic soda, china clay and abundant soft, water for bleaching and washing., , © USA is the largest producer and importer, of wood pulp in the world., , Some of the other leading producers of, papers, newsprints and paper-boards, are Canada, Russia, UK Germany, France,, India, China, Sweden, Finland and Nonwey, , Cement industry, , Provides the basic raw material for the, construction work., , e Uses heavy raw materials like limestone,, gypsum, clay and shale which are bulky, , but cheap. i., i terials to, , “The cost of transporting raw materia, the cement industries and the finished, , ‘to the market is very high., , ‘i i \d, ear raw material region. Shou!, ot easy ace: ibility to fuel and, , , , Jeading producers are USA,, leading P Maia, UK, tly, , aco

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3., , cers of cement, , i du, © In India the leading pro: sauna, , are Madhya Pradesh, Telangana,, Pradesh, Chattisgarh and Rajasthan., The Indian cement industry ranks second, in the world after China., Silicon Valley of India and the Silico!, of USA, Silicon Valley of India, * Bengaluru, located on the De, in India, Capital of Karnatak, Valley of India., * Factors that led, © Mild and pleasant climate, o Number of high-tech public sector, industries set up in Bangalore-Bharat, Heavy Electricals Limited (BHEL),, Hindustan Aeronautics Limited (HAL),, Indian Telephone Industries (ITI),, Bharat Electronics Limited (BAL) etc., o Karnataka — First Indian state to create, an IT policy., o Offered various concessions like a 5, years tax holiday for IT companies., o Availability of highly educated and, skilled labour at 2 relatively low cost, state government and, , n Valley, , ccan Plateau, a — Silicon, , to location in Bangalore, , o Favourable, central government policies, o Good infrastructure., , * In 1980, the government of Karnataka, developed an electronic city about 18, km away from the core city which is, now known as the Silicon Valley of India., Many global software companies like, |BM, Oracle, Apple, Google, Infosys, Tata, Consultancy Services (TCS), HCL and, Cognizant Technologies, etc. are based in, Bangalore., , Silicon Valley of USA, , Silicon Valley is the world’s leading centre, of the IT industry — in fact, the name, ‘Silicon Valley’ has become synonymous, with the words ‘information technology’, , © It is from here that the industry started in, , , , the 1970s and spread rapidly across the, world. Silicon revolutionised computer:, It enabled the scientists to create sm ‘, personal computers (PCs). Today, alm :, very house in the developed Mord bier, , increasing number of people in, , Joping part of the world, ow,, , personal computers., , The area has a temperate climate with the, , temperatures rarely dropping below oc., , {t was 9 rich agricultural area in the past., , after the World War Il, the US defence, , programs gave an impetus to this industry,, which developed in and around the valley,, , n 1951, the Stanford Industrial Park was, , 4 near the Stanford University,, encouraged this industry. Later,, companies like IBM, NASA, Bad, , Xerox started their research operations, here. AS 4 result, most of the path, breaking inventions in this field occurred, in the Silicon valley., , e Then, the development of the World Wide, Web (www) brought about sweeping, changes in the industry. Many other, leading companies developed here, like, Sun, Netscape and Cisco. Silicon Valley, till, date, remains a giant in this field., , rapidly, the deve, , e |, founde, which, many, , Name the following., 1. Any four steel producing centers in India., , e Bhilai, Durgapur, Jamshedpur = and, Rourkela., 2. The place that is known as the Manchester, of Japan., ¢ Osaka, , 3. Any four sugar producing countries., © Cuba, Brazil, Indonesia and India., , 4. Any two global software companies., ¢ IBM and Oracle., , 5. Any two reasons for choosing Jamshedpur, as the location for a iron and steel plant., , * Abundant iron ore deposits and, continuous supply of water., Give reasons., s the, , 1. Iron and steel industry is considered a, key or a basic industry., * It is the most important industry which, paved the way for modern civilisation., * The products of this industry have, significant influence on every industry an, the modern life of humans.

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N el is extensively used for maki, , te i, 5 st ds of machinery, transport equi, , n «, kK construction, and so it is call, , Hu, din ‘, eckbone of modern industry,, , world has shrunk’ say some People., L ce does not matter ‘, jstan SAN, . re ningful and effective communication”, ; instance let us consider that ei, grouPs of software professionals,, Group A, in Silicon Valley and Grou, p in Bangalore are working on a iste, project., while in Bangalore, Group p, ° . ete. 4, Group A in California, is working. cc, o At the end of the workday, they send, a message to Group B updating their, oi ress., ‘5 When Group B arrives at their work, “place in Bangalore, a couple of hours, _ fater, they notice the message which, awaits them., , Group B gets to work on the project, , ing all, Pment, led the, , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , d of their work day, they relay, ‘their efforts to Group Ain, , work cycle goes on till, , pleted successfully and, , and work together on, rinking distances., , 3., Seeding Jamshedji Tata choose Jamshedpur, Up his iron and steel plant?, , The ri, \ ®asons for choosing Jamshedpur as the, , locati, On to put up the steel plant were, , ., eS eaiice of iron ore deposits in the, , ., Abundant coal and manganese deposits, , Availability of limestone and dolomite, , hones and Subarnarekha rivers ensure, abundant water supply to the plant, , The availability of cheap labour., Proximity to the mainline Kolkata —, Mumbai railway route, which links it, , directly to the twoo major markets and, Ports of Kolkata and Mumbai., , 4. Briefly explain about the transport, equipment industry., , * The transport equipment industry, provides the rolling stock of a nation, without which the very mobility of people, and materials will be affected., , * Includes production of locomotives and, wagons, automobiles, ships and aircrafts., , * Locomotives and wagons, , o Are produced by certain huge capital, intensive factories., , o Some important centres where, locomotives are manufactured include, India (Chittaranjan, Kapurthala, and, Varanasi), USA, UK, France, Germany, and Russia., , e The automobiles industry, © First emerged in Europe and then, spread to USA., © India has shown a tremendous growth, in the production of automobiles in the, last two decades., Bett ° The major automobile industries in India, , include Maruti Udyog, Tata Motors,, Hindustan Motors, and Ashok Leyland., , o There are also some multinational, companies like Ford, Toyota and, Hyundai which operate in India., , pbuilding, Id and important industry., , —_— 17) =

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he main shipbuilding, es are at Mazagon in Mumbai,, es akhapatnam and Kochi., , sg © The aircrafts industry, o Is a highly technological and capital, intensive industry., , o The main manufacturers are Boeing, in USA, Airbus in France and other, European countries and Aviacor in, Russia., , o In India, the Hindustan Aeronautics, Limited, which manufactures military, aircrafts, has centres at Bangalore and, Kanpur., , 5. Explain the importance of the textile, industry. Write a brief note on the textile, industry in Ahmedabad. How is it different, from the textile industry in Osaka?, © The textile industry is a major industry, , which provides for the primary need of, humans-clothing., , * Ahmedabad in Gujarat is the second, largest textile city of India, after Mumbai., , © The first mill here was established in 1859., , * Ahmedabad is often referred to as ‘The, Manchester of India’., , There are various favourable factors that, led to the development of the textile, industry in Ahmedabad., , _ 9 It is in the heart of a cotton growing, area which enables adequate and easy, availability of raw material,, , o The humid and_ frost-free climate, supports spinning and weaving., , © The flat terrain and easy availability of, , land helped in the establishment of the, mills, , © The densely populated states of Gujarat, and Maharashtra Provide skilled and, __ unskilled labour at a low cost,, , , , eloped transport netwo, sy transportation of aa, , r the mills, and the finish W, , product to the vast markets of indiy ”, , o The proximity of the Mumbaj port, helps in the export of textiles and in th, import of machinery. c, , However, several texti!e millsinAhmedabag, , have now closed down because of, , o The import of cheap cloth from places, like China, , o The non-up gradation of machines and, technology in the mills of Anmedabag, , * Osaka is one of the largest centres of, , textiles production in Japan and is known, as the ‘Manchester of Japan’., , * The textile industry developed in Osaka, due to several geographical factors like, , o Flat Plains and easy availability of land, for the growth of cotton mills, , o Warm and humid climatic condition, , o The river Yodo, which provides, adequate water for the mills, , , , o Hydroelectric power obtained from, the many streams that flow from the, mountains around Osaka, , o Abundant and cheap labour, o Proximity to port facilities, , * There is one major difference from the, textile industry in Ahmedabad, , ° Cotton is not grown in Japan and the, textile industry of Osaka totally depends, on imported raw material from Egypt,, India and China in the east and USA in, the west., , © Most of the textiles produced there are, exported., , © They enjoy a market share since their, quality is high and the price is low., , 6. How did Silicon Valley in California get its, Name? Trace its growth into a major IT hub., , * Silicon Valley is the world’s leading centre, of the IT industry — in fact, the name, , ‘Silicon Valley’ has become synonymous, with the words ‘Information TechnoloBy: