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8., , Non-ferrous l i, , copper,, , lead,, , Zinc,, , Bramples:, , of, , drilling:, O f t s h o r e, , by, , seabed,, M, , e, , t, , a, , l, , l, , i, , at, , drilling, , the, , the, , is, , the, , ents, , contents, , bottom, , metal, , comprising, , are, are, , of, , etc., i, , n, , e, , r, , a, , l, , s, , gold,, , :, , copper,, , e, , bauxite,, , Iron, , Namples:, , sea., , M i n e r a l s, , m, , 0, , drilling, , O f f s h o r e, , 9. Offshore, , drilling, of rilling mi neral oil, , p r o c e s s, , gold., , minerals., , ore,, , which, , metal conten, metal, , y, , metallic miner, , contents, , have, , do n o t, , from, , are, , Minerals, , non-met, , m i n e r a l s :, , Non-metallicc, , 11., , mineralIs., , nitrate., , potash,, , Limestone,, , Bramples:, , Open, , 12., , Process, , Surtace, , of the, , earth, , at, , shallow, , taking, , depths, , The, Shaft mining:, shafts), (called, , process, , is, , oftaking, , known a s, , out, , great, , depths, , minerals, , minin8, , from, , out, , for taking, bores, made, Deep, Drilling:, , open, , removing, , minerals, , of digging, Processing, 14. Quarrying, as quarrying, surface is known, , buried under th, , surace, , by, , shatt, , Dores, , l5., , out, , rocks h., fr, frem rocks, under, layer is ocalled, layer, , irom, , mining., l3., , of, , mining:, , cast, , m i n e r a l s, , out petroleum, , through, , 4L, , hallow depths, depths under, , shallow, , and natural, , gas, , are, , termed, , drilling., EXERCISES, , I., , 1. Answer, , the following, , Name, , (7, , any three, , (i) What is, , an, , (1) Name two, , (iv) Which, , common, , minerals used, , are, , the, , ores, , of energy would you, , (i)Iron, Aluminium, , every, , by you, , of metallic, , day., , minerals, , generally located?, , resources., , sUggest for, , (b) coastal areas, , ways in which you, , Answers:, , Salt., , questions., , natural gas, regions rich in, , sources, , füve, , NCERT, (Pages 37-39), , ore? Where, , (a) rural areas, (u) Give, , TEXTBOOK, , can save, , (c) arid regions, , energy at home.

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ND POWER RESOURCES, , M N E R A L, A, , N, , the raw metal found in, the earth, re, mixed with other, located in, , 191, , generally, materials or imput, igneous or, world: Russia, Norway,, metamorphic rocks., UK, Netherlands, India:, Jaisa, (Any two), In, aisalmer, Krishna-Godavari, Delta., Mumbai, davari, Delta,, High., in, (Any two), Tripura and some areas offshore, .Rural areas: Biogas, solar energy, areas:, , They are, , In the world:, , :, , Tidal energy, Coastal, Arid regions: Wind and solar, energy., Switching off lights when not in use., Keeping gas eylinder off when not in use., .Repair of equipments regularly., Not switehing on light during, daytime., Always replacing the wire fittings, when they are aged., Tick the corre, , Which, , one, , answer., , the, , of, , following, , is NOT a characteristic, created by natural, processes., , (a) They, , are, , (b)They, , have, , a, , of minerals?, , definite chemical composition., , (c) They are inexhaustible., , d) Their distribution is uneven., , (ti Which one of the following is not a producer of mica?, (a) Jharkhand, , c) Rajasthan, d) Andhra Pradesh, , (6) Karnataka, , (ii) Which one of the following is a leading producer of copper in the world?, (a) Bolivia, , (c) Chile, , (6) Ghana, , (d) Zimbabwe, , iv) Which one of the following practices will NOT conserve LPG in your kitchen., (a) Soaking the dal for sometime before cooking it., 6) Cooking food in a pressure cooker., (c) Keeping the vegetables chopped before lighting the gas for cooking., , (d) Cooking food in, , an, , open pan, , kept, , on, , low, , flame., , Answers:, (0), , (c) They are inexhaustible, , )-> (b) Karnataka, ii) » (c) Chile, D)>, , (d) Cooking food, , in, , an, , open pan, , kept, , on, , low flame., , . Give reasons., , looked into before building huge dams., Environmental aspects must be carefully, Most industries, , are, , concentrated around, , coal mines.

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RESOURCES AND DEVELOPMENT-, , 192, , U1) Pétroleum is referred to as "black goLa, uarrying, , can, , become, , a, , major, , environmental, , EOGRAPHY, , concern., , Angwers:, ), , Because of the following reasons:, earth's, Dams create imbalance in the, , equilibrium., , pollution., Deforestation leads to environmental, , People are displaced., , Cities/villages/towns, , are, , to, shifted causing untold hardships, , people, , Flood threats loom large., , Earthquake threats, .Silting of lakes a problem., (ii) Because coal is use, , as power. It is also as raw material, , in some industries., , (u) Petroleum is referred to as "black gold" due to its immense value and 1sa, se, , derivatives., , of it, , (0) Due to dust raised from the quarrying activities and deforestation., 4., , Distinguish between the followings:, (i) Conventional and non-conventional sources of energy, (ii) Biogas and natural gas, (iii) Ferrous and non-ferrous minerals, , (iv) Metallic and non-metallic minerals, , Answers:, () Distinction between Conventional and Non-conventional Sources of Energ, Non-conventional Sources of Energy, , Conventional Sources of Energy, 1. Conventional sources of energy are those, , 1. Non-conventional, , sources which have been in use from time-, , sources, , of energy, , have, , generally been identified in the recent past., , immemorial., , 2. They are exhaustible exceptwater., , 2. They are inexhaustible., , 3 Phey cause pollution when used as they emit, , 3. They are generally pollution-free., , 4. Their generation and use involves huge, , 4. Very meagre amount of money is required for, , smoke and ash., , their use., , expenditure., , 5They are very expensive to be maintained, , 5., , stored and transmitted as they are carríed, , Less expensive due to local use and easy t0 DE, , maintained., , over long distances through transmission grid, and lines., , 6. Examples: Coal, miftera dl, natural gas,, atomic power, water., , 6., , Examples: Geothermal, , energy, solar, , Wind energy, tidal energy, energy from, wastes., , ergy

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ND POWER RESOURCES, , I N E R A LA, , Distinetion, , between Biogas, , 193, , and, , Biogas, , tained from shrubs, farm, , Natural Gas, Natural gas, , obtained, , 1S, B i o g a s, , 1,, , human, , al and, , wastes., , wastes,, , ., , Natural gas is found associated, generally witn, , anima., , It, i su s e d, , mainly, , in rural areas for, , domestic, , purposes., , petroleum., , 4.1t 1s used as a, in, , roduced, , 3.It is, , has, , s, , o, , i, , rural areas., , categories., , 3., , It is, , only, , one, , gas, that, , 4., , biogas., , means, , of energy, raw material, , fertiliser plants and, , as a, , fuel in electricity, , generation., It is produced in, Mumbai High, Gujarat and, Assam oilfields, Andhra, Pradesh, Tamil Nadu,, Tripura and Rajasthan., Natural, , gas is called LPG when used in, domestic purposes and CNG when used in, , vehicles, , Distinction, , between Ferrous and, Non-ferrous Minerals, , Ferrous Minerals, , Non-ferrous Minerals, .The, The, , minerals having iron contents are called, , 1., , ferrous minerals., , YExamples: Iron ore, manganese, chromium, and cobalt., , Examples: Copper ore, tin, zinc, gold, silver,, lead, etc., , India abounds in ferrous minerals., , (iv), , The minerals that do not possess iron contents, , arecalled ngpferrous minerals., , Distinction between Metallic, , 2. India is, , deficient in non-ferrous minerals., , and Non-metallic Minerals, , Metallic Minerals, 1. Metallic minerals are those minerals which, produce metals after their processing., 2 They are often hard and have shine or lustre, of their own., , |3. They can be smelted., |4Many of them can be drawn into wires and, , rolled down into sheets., , 5When hit they are not broken., Examples: Iron ore, copper, aluminium, tin,, silver and gold., , Non-metallic Minerals, 1., , Non-metallic minerals, , 2., , They are neither hard nor do they have lustre, , are those minerals, which do not produce metals., , of their own., , 3. They cannot be smelted., 4., , They, , can neither be drawn into wires, can they be rolled down into sheets., , nor, , 5. When hit, they get broken., , Examples: Sulphur, coal, petroleum, mica,, salt., , 5. Activity, , )Use pictures from old magazines to show different kinds of fuels used by us in our, ives and display them on your bulletin board., ), , Designa poster highlighting energy conservation tips you would take for your school., , 1Salma's class took up an action campaign to do an energy audit of their school by, , Surveying electricity consumption. They prepared survey sheets for the students of, , the school., , Using the data collected during the survey, students calculated the units consumed, for one month and the approximate expenditure and compared it with the electricity