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Let's Recall, , L, , Il., , Il., , 74, , Based on your understanding, tick (v } the correct option., , let Qeee Sobe aay Soe, , State whether the following statemrents are true or false and rewrite the incorrect, statements to correct them., , 1, False. The Widow Remarriage Act was passed in 1856., , 2. True, 3. True, 4, True, , 5. False. Kandukuri Veeresalingam is regarded as the exponent of sociaf reform in Andhra, Pradesh, , Answer the following in one sentence., , 1. Rokeya Sakhawat Hussain and Tarabai Shinde played notable roles in promoting, education among women. (Note: The other notable contributors were: Pandita, Ramabai, Begums of Bhopal, Rassundari Debi), , 2. Hindu Balika Vidyalaya was the school that provided transport facilities for girls to, reach school and come back home. John Drinkwater Bethune established this school., , 3. The Sarda Act of 1929 raised the marriageable age of girls to 14., , 4. The Brahmo Samaj declared that the early marriage of girls was illegal in Bengal., , 5. Shri Narayana Guru advocated the message of one caste, one God and one religion for, the entire humankind., , Answer the following questions in brief., , 1, The status of women in pre-colonial India was very low due to age-old social customs, and practices that reflected the dominance of men in all walks of life. A woman had, no major role in the family. All important decisions in her life were taken by either her, , father or her husband, and later on by her son. Women did nor have the right to inherit, their fathes’s property. Infanticide, polygamy and child marriage were common., , 2. The one major reason girls were not allowed to be educated in schools was because it, was thought that they would neglect their houschold duties and would not “t, , ideal wives or mothers. 6 /9, 3. Jyotiba Phule tried to help low-caste girls in che following ways:, * He founded a library for low-caste people and a school for low-caste girls., , * He educated his illiterate wife, Savitribai Phule, who later becasic a teacher at the, school founded by him., , 44>

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4. The Bahishkrit Hitakarini Sabha was foun, , education among the lower castes., , ded by BR Ambedkar. Its goal was to spread, , 5. Stripurush Tulna was written by Tarabai Shin, , women faced in Indian society due to gende, , V. Answer the following questions in detail., , ide. This book is about the problems, t bias., , 1. The Hindu widows faced a lot of problems in the 19th century., , Girls were married off at a very young age to much alder grooms,, , sometimes when, they were just two to six years old,, , By the time they gained maturity, they were usually widowed., , Widowhood was considered inauspicious, and a widow was forced to lead a secluded, life., , Girls were also expected to bring huge amount of gifts in cash or kind, from their, parents’ house during marriage., , ‘The sati system was one of the most barbaric practices prevalent in north and cast, India during the period. As per this system, a woman was proclaimed to be a sati ora, , virtuous woman if she burnt herself on her husband’s funeral pyte. This practice led, to many women being burnt alive on the death of their husbands., , ‘The two reformers who helped Hindu widows were, Vidyasagar. Raja Rammohan Roy started the Atmi, in Bengal. He established the Brahmo Samaj in 1830, which worked to improve position, of women in society, to promote widow remarriage in Bengal and campaigned against child, marriage and sati, which led to its abolition,, , Ishwarchandra Vidyasagar played an important role in the first Hindu widow remarriage, in, , Calcutta in 1856. He opened the first girl’s school along with John Drinkwater Bethune, in, Calcutta, in 1849., , Raja Rammohan Roy and Ishwarchandra, ya Sabha to highlight che social evils prevalent, , 2. The 19th century social reformers wanted to abolish caste inequalities in India because, , they felt that the caste system denied basic dignity and well-being of a particular class of, people in the society who were called the untouchables., , * The so-called untouchables lived in separate, specially demarcated areas,, * They were not allowed to draw water from public wells or to use public transport., * They were denied access to temples and schools., , ‘The social reformers worked towards making the British rulers bring the following, changes in Indian society, The British rulers introduced a uniform administrative,, legal and political system that treated all castes equally., , * introduced a new system of mass transport such as the railways, which allowed, people of different castes to travel together. Thus, people of different castes got an, opportunity to interact and mix with one another.

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* set up new educational institutions for spreading Western education, which were, , open to all sections of society. Children of the lower castes, thus, had access to the, same educational resources., , * made workers from all castes and social backgrounds work together in factories and, plantations., , 3. ‘The reformers organised social reform movements in the 19th century India because, they wanted to change women's lives and uplift them in society. The different, movements for women upliftment were:, , * Movement against child martiage: Social reformers took up the task of putting an, end to this praceice and several legislations were passed on this matter. In 1860, the, marriageable age for girls was raised to 10 years. In 1891, the Age of Consent Act, was passed, through which a girl's legally approved age for marriage was raised to 12, years. The Sarda Act of 1929 increased the age of consent to 14 for femaies and 18 for, males,, , * Movement against sati: In 1829, Lord William Bentinck, the British GovernorGeneral, passed an Act to ban the practice of sati., , * Movement for widow remarriage: To realise the prospects of a better and happier life, for them, many reformers advocated widow remarriage and Governor-General Lord, , Dalhousie appreciated the efforts of reformers and the Widow Remarriage Act was, passed in 1856,, , 4, Kandukuri Vecresalingam played a very important role in the social reform in Andhra, Pradesh:, , * His major contribution was in women's education, widow remarriage and caste, reform., , * He launched the Rajahmundry Social Reform Association in 1878 and worked, towards caste equality in the Andhra egion., , * He played a major role in the establishment of several schools for the untouchables, and working class people., , My History Corner