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Chapter- 09 History, The Making of the National Movement 1870s – 1947, , Q.1. Why were the people dissatisfied with British rule in the 1870s, and 1880s?, Ans. The people were dissatisfied with British rule in 1870 and 1880s, because:, a. They thought that the British were exercising control over the, resources of India and the lives of its people., b. The Arms Act which was passed in 1878, disallowing Indians from, possessing arms., c. Vernacular Press Act was also enacted in an effort to silence those, who were critical of the government. The Act allowed the government, to confiscate the assets of newspapers including their printing, presses if the newspaper published anything that was objectionable., Q.2. Who did the Indian National Congress wish to speak for?, Ans. The Indian National Congress wished to speak for the good of all, countrymen. As through a newspaper report, we come to know that, Badruddin Tyabji said that the Congress is composed of the, representatives of all the different communities of India., 3. What economic impact did the First World War have on India?, Answer., 1.The First World War altered the economic and political situation in, India. 2.It led to a huge rise in the defence expenditure of the, Government of India. The government, in turn, increased taxes on, individual incomes and business profits.

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3.Increased military expenditure and the demands for war supplies led, to a sharp rise in prices, which created great difficulties for the, common people., 4. On the other hand, business groups reaped fabulous profits from the, war. The first world war caused a decline in imports from other, countries into India., , Q.4. What did the Muslim League resolution of 1940 ask for?, Ans. In 1940, the Muslim League resolution “Independent States” for, the Muslims in the North-Western and Eastern areas of the country., The resolution did not mention partition for Pakistan., Q.5.Who were the Moderates? How did they propose to struggle, against British rule?, Answer:, The leaders of Congress in the first twenty years of its formation were, termed as moderate., 1.They proposed to struggle against the British in a non- violent, manner., 2.They wanted to develop public awareness about the unjust nature of, British rule., 3.They published many articles in the newspapers and journals, highlighting about the increasing poverty of the country under the, British rule., 4.They criticised British rule in their speeches and sent, representatives to different parts of the country to mobilise public, support.

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Question 6., How was the politics of the Radicals within the Congress different, from that of the Moderates?, Answer:, The Radicals within Congress cherished different opinions. They had a, deep faith in action and wanted to drive away from the foreigners as, soon as possible. They criticised the Moderates for their “politics of, prayers’ and gave emphasis on self-reliance and constructive work., They argued that people must fight for swaraj. Unless they fought, against the British rule unitedly, they would not bring independence to, their country., Question 7., Discuss the various forms that the Non-Cooperation Movement took in, different parts of India. How did the people understand Gandhiji?, 1. In kheda, Gujarat, Patidar peasants organized non-violent, campaigns against the high land revenue demand of the, British., 2. In the Guntur district of Andhra Pradesh, tribals and poor, peasants staged a number of “Forest satyagrahas”., 3. In coastal Andhra and Tamil Nadu, liquor shops were, picketed., 4. In sind and Bengal, the khilafat non-cooperation alliance, gave enormous communal unity and strength to the national, movement., 5. In Punjab, the Akali agitation of the Sikhs sought to remove, corrupt mahants from their gurudwaras., 6. In Assam, tea garden labourers demanded a big increase in, their wages., Question 8., Why did Gandhiji choose to break the salt law?, Answer:, Gandhiji’s Choice to Break Salt Law

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•, •, •, , In 1930, Gandhiji led a march to break the salt law., According to this law, the state had a monopoly on the, manufacture and sale of salt., Mahatma Gandhi along with other nationalists reasoned that, it was sinful to tax salt since it is such an essential item of, our food., , Question 9., Discuss those developments of the 1937-47 period that led to the, creation of Pakistan., Answer:, 1. The Congress’ failure to mobilize the Muslim masses in the, 1930s allowed the League to widen its social support., 2. The League sought to enlarge its support in the early 1940s, when most Congress leaders were in jail., 3. In provincial elections, 1946, the League’s success in the, seats reserved for Muslims was spectacular. It persisted, with its demand for “Pakistan”., 4. In March 1946, the British Cabinet mission could not get, Congress and the Muslim League to agree to specific details, of the proposal., 5. The League announced 16 August 1946 as “Direct Action, Day”. On this day riots broke out in Calcutta and by March, 1947, violence spread to different parts of northern India.