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Chapter-7 Civilising the Native, Educating the Nation, , 1. Match the following:, , Vv, , William Jones. Respect for ancient cultures, Rabindranath Tagore > Learning in a natural environment, Thomas Macaulay > Promotion of English education, , Mahatma Gandhi, , Vv, , Critical of English education, , Pathshalas > Gurus, , 2. State whether true or false:, a) True, b) True, , c) False, , (, (, (, (d) False, , 3. Why did William Jones feel the need to study Indian history, philosophy, and law?, , Ans- William Jones shared a deep respect for ancient cultures, both India, and the West. Indian civilisation, he felt, had attained its glory in the, ancient past, but had subsequently declined. In order to understand India,, it was necessary to discover the sacred and legal texts that were, produced in the ancient period. For only those texts, could reveal the real, ideas and laws of the Hindus and Muslims. William Jones believed that, only a new study of these texts could form the basis of future, development in India.

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4. Why did James Mill and Thomas Macaulay think that European, education was essential in India?, , Ans- James Mill and Thomas Macaulay felt that the knowledge of English, would allow Indians to read some of the finest literature that the world, had produced; They also felt that the aim of education should be to teach, what was useful and practical. So, Indians should be made familiar with, the scientific and technical advances that the West had made, rather than, with the poetry and sacred literature of the ‘Orient’. The teaching of, English could thus be a way of ‘civilising’ people., , 5. Why did Mahatma Gandhi want to teach children handicrafts?, , Ans- According to Mahatma Gandhi, literacy in itself was not education., People had to work with their hands, learn a craft. Learning handicraft, would develop their minds and their capacity to understand. This would, also enable them to know how different things operated and also help, them to earn livelihood., , 6. Why did Mahatma Gandhi think that English education had enslaved, Indians?, , Ans- Mahatma Gandhi argued that colonial education created a sense of, inferiority in the minds of Indians. It made them see Western civilisation, as superior and destroyed the pride they had in their own culture. The, Indians educated from english institutions began admiring British rule., Mahatma Gandhi wanted an education system that could help Indians, regain their sense of dignity and self-respect.