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Health and Diseases Important Points, By-Shri.Chavan V.H., Shrigonda Kanya Vidyalaya, ,  Health, Health is a state of complete physical, mental and social well-beingness and not, merely the absence of any disease.,  What is disease?, Condition of disturbances in physiological or psychological processes of body is, called as disease.,  Types of diseases, , According to duration, 1. Chronic disease 2. Acute disease, According to reasons, A. Hereditary diseases, Ex. Down's syndrome, B. Acquired diseases, 1.Infectious diseases, Ex. Common cold, flu, dengue, 2.Non-infectious diseases, Ex. Diabetes, heart

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A. Infectious Diseases: Diseases spread through contaminated air, water, food or, vectors (insects and other animals) are called as infectious diseases., , Some important diseases of present days, , Dengue:,  Dengue is spread by Aedes aegypti.,  This disease is caused by DEN-1, 2 virus belonging to the type- flavivirus., Symptoms, 1. Acute fever and headache, vomiting.

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2. Pains in eye socket is very prominent symptom., 3. Decrease in platelet count that may lead to internal hemorrhage., Diseseas, , Caused Due to, , Growth, , Dengue, , Aedes aegypti, , clean water, , Malaria, , female Anopheles, , clean water, , elephantiasis, , female Culex, , dirty,sewage water, , Swine Flu:, Reasons of infection, • Infection for swine flu occurs through pigs and humans., • Viruses of swine flu are spread through sweat of infected person. Similarly, it is, spread through secretions of nose, throat and saliva., Symptoms of Swine Flu, • Difficulty in breathing., • Sore throat, body pains., Diagnosis of Swine Flu:,  For diagnosis of swine flu, liquid from throat of patient is sent in laboratory.,  Diagnostic facilities are available in National Institute of Virology (NIV), Pune, and National Institute of Communicable Diseases (NICD), Delhi.,  First case of swine flu was reported in Mexico in 2009. Swine flu is caused by the, virus influenza A (H1N1). Persons who come in contact with pigs can contract, this disease., , AIDS (Acquired Immuno Deficiency Syndrome) :,  This diseaseis caused by HIV (Human Immunodeficiency Virus).,  In this disease, victim suffers, , from various diseases due to progressive, , weakening of natural immunity.,  Diagnosis of AIDS cannot be confirmed without tests in medical laboratories.,  ELISA test is used for its proper diagnosis.

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 Symptoms of AIDS are person specific., , , AIDS does not occur due to touching to and sharing the food with HIV infected, person, or by nursing the HIV patient., , , , Our behaviour with HIV infected person must be normal., , , , HIV was first reported in an African species of Monkeys., , , , According to the National AIDS Control Program and UNAIDS, 80 – 85% HIV, infections in India occur through unsafe sexual contacts., , Infections through Animals, , Rabies:,  This is a viral disease.,  It occurs due to the bite of the infected dog, rabbit, monkey, cat etc.,  Virus enters the brain via neurons.,  Hydrophobia is one of the important symptom of this disease.,  In this case, the victim shows extreme fear for water.,  Rabies is fatal disease., However, fatality can be prevented by timely vaccination before onset of symptoms., Symptoms start to appear within 90 –175 days of dog bite., Symptoms of Rabies:, 1. Fever for 2 – 12 weeks, 2. Exaggerations in behaviour., 3. Hydrophobia., B. Non-infectious diseases : Diseases which do not occur through infections and, body contacts are called as non-infectious diseases. Such diseases arise in human, body itself due to certain reasons., , Cancer :, o Uncontrolled and abnormal cell growth is called as cancer., o Group or lump of cancerous cells is called as malignant tumor., o Cancer can occur in various organs like lungs, mouth, tongue,, stomach,breast,uterus, skin and tissues like blood.

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Reasons :,  Consumption of tobacco,,  gutkha,,  smoking,,  alcoholism,,  lack of fiber content (fruits and leafy vegetables) in food,,  excessive consumption of junk food (pizza,burger etc),  Heredity may also be a reason., Symptoms :, 1. Chronic cough, hoarse voice, difficulty in swallowing., 2. Incurable scar and inflammation., 3. Lumps in breast., 4. Unexplained weight-loss., Various techniques are used in diagnosis of cancer., 1. CT scan,, 2. MRI scan,, 3. mammography,, 4. biopsy, In case of treatment,, 1) chemotherapy,, 2) radiationtherapy and, 3) surgery,, 4) modern techniques like robotic and laparoscopic surgery are also followed.,  Controlled diet helps to prevent some types of cancers.,  Physical exercise along with modern treatment is more beneficial to cure the, cancer.,  Avoid addictions like tobacco chewing, smoking etc., , Diabetes:,  The hormone- insulin produced in pancreas controls the level of sugar glucose, in blood.

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 If insulin is secreted in low quantity, glucose level cannot be controlled; this, disorder is called as diabetes., Symptoms which cannot be ignoredo Frequent urination at night,, o increased obesity or weight loss, Reasons for diabetes :, • Heredity, • Obesity, • Lack of physical exercise, • Mental stress, Preventive measures:,  Following the proper diet,,  medicines and,  exercise under the supervision of doctor helps to keep the diabetes under, control.,  India has largest number of diabetes patients in the world.,  At present, approximately 7 crore diabetes patients are present in the country., , Heart Diseases :, Efficiency of the heart decreases due to decreased blood supply and thereby, oxygen and nutrient supply to the heart muscles. Due to this, heart has to, perform more work that leads to stress on it. This may cause heart attack. If, someone has heart attack, immediate consultation of doctor and treatment is, necessary., One should not ignore these symptoms, , , Severe chest pains,, , , , pains in shoulder, neck and arms,, , , , cramps in hand,, , , , uneasiness,, , , , tremors.

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Reasons of heart attack :, , , Smoking,, , , , alcoholism,, , , , diabetes,, , , , hypertension,, , , , obesity,, , , , lack of physical exercise,, , , , heredity,, , , , mental stress,, , , , anger,, , , , anxiety, , Heart diseases Treatment,  Angioplasty,  Heart transplant,  Installation of stents,  Installation of pace maker,  Open heartsurgery, , , By-Pass surgery, , First Aid for Heart Disease,  First, call 108 for ambulance.,  Check the consciousness of patient by shaking the shoulders.,  Keep the patient lying on the back in horizontal position on hard surface,  perform compression only life support (C. O. L. S.).,  In this, press the centre of thorax for at least 30 times at the rate of 100 to 120, strokes per minute., Misuse of Medicines :, Sometimes, some people take the medicines without prescription of doctor., Overdose of medicines may affect our body., Ex. Overdose of pain killers may damage, nervous system, excretory system, liver.

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Overdose of antibiotics may lead, to nausea, stomachache, dysentery, rash, white patches on tongue etc., Generic medicines :, o Generic medicines are also known as general medicines., o These are manufactured and distributed without any patent., o These medicines are at par in quality with branded medicines., o Production cost of these medicines is very low due to fewer expenses on, research as their formula is readily available.,  Government of India declared the Pradhan Mantri Jan Aushadhi Yojana on 1st, July 2015.,  In this scheme, best quality medicines are made available in affordable prices, to the citizens. 'Jan Aushadhi Stores' are launched for this purpose.,  Indian companies export the generic medicines on large scale. However, those, medicines are sold under brand name with high prices in India.,  In America, 80% medicines used are generic. Due to this, hundreds of billions, of money is saved there., Lifestyle and diseases :, Lifestyle includes the daily routine and the type of food. Nowadays, habits like, staying in bed till late morning and going to bed late in night, frequent changes in, meal timings, lack of physical exercise, consumption of junk food, etc. have been, increased. Due to this, such people are getting sick frequently. If frequency of, becoming sick is to be lowered, people should follow right lifestyle. It must include, sufficient sleep, right food, yogasanas , pranayama and physical exercise. Physical, exercise should also be as per one’s own capacity. Pranayama and yogasanas should, be performed under the expert supervision., Vaccination:, Vaccination is important to prevent the infectious diseases.

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Blood Donation :, One unit blood donated by a person can fulfill the need of three persons at a time, for, example- RBCs, WBCs and platelets. One can save the life of twelve persons by, donating the blood for four times a year., , Let us celebrate Health Awareness Days,  7th April – World Health Day,  14th June – World Blood Donation Day,  29th September – World Heart day,  14th November – World Diabetes Day