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ee Mind Mapping », Carbon Carbonisation, Coal gas___ Cooking food, Coal, Coke — Railway engines, Coal tar Fuel in thermal power stations, Petrochemicals, , , , , , , Petroleum, , Dark oily liquid, Plankton, , Paraffin wax, , Bitumen, , , , |, , Kerosene Lubricating oil, , Fertilizers, , , , Plastics, , , , , Petrochemicals, , Cosmetics, , Polythene, , , , Physical.Science m® Class - 8, , 6. Coal and Petroleum
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, ure an, ed from nature ar, Natural x resources : The resources, that are obtain fr, , Is., 1 sources", Eg: Air, water, soil and minera, ed that are present in limited qua, , “Exhaustible resources,’, , , , , , haustible resources : The resources,, “and can be exhausted by human activities are called ", , , , etroleuim, minerals, forests etc., © Inevhaustible resources : The resources, that are present in u, "and cannot be exhausted. by human activities are called ', , ji Eg: Air, sunlight etc., ® Petroleum : A fossil fuel, ‘that is obtained by the decompositio, plants due to geological changes under the earth. It is a dark oily figus, , in water., , nlimited quantity in naty, "Inexhaustible,t, , n of dead anima, , , , J, , © latural gas: It is a fossil fuel, which is stored under high pressure as "Compressed, Natural Gas" (CNG). It is also used as a starting material for the manufacture of,, fumber ae chemicals and ere \, , yh crude oil using ficeinal distillation., , | OF LPG: Itis a more A otnmerialy clean alternative to those fuels., , oor It isan amorphous form of carbon, which is harder and denser than charcoal, © is used as a fuel. Coke i is used as a fuel and as reducing agent in smelting iron ore i, , blast fama, , Coal tar : A black thick liquid with an unpleasant smell. It is a mixture of about,, 4 stances and is used. to get 'various materials of every day life or like drugs é, ics, perfumes, paints, naphthalene balls etc., , } isation : i The slow process of conversion of dend vegetations into coal 3 ¢a, isation.", , , , : The tiny organism,, , , , , , nh which have tiny droplets of oil inside their be bo, Plankton. " This is youn near the surface of seas and oceans. :, , gh, , , , , , Science gM Class - 8
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(@)F ossil fuels : Some exhaustible natural resources from the dead remains of living, , organisms, are known as "Fossil fuels." Eg: Coal, petroleum, natural gas etc., , , , efinery: Itis an industrial process plant, where crude oil is processed and refined into, , more useful products such as petroleum, naphthalene, petrol, diesel, asphalt, heating oil,, , __ kerosene and LPG:, @: Petrochemicals : The useful substances ah are obtained from petroleum and natural, , ae are called "Petro chemicals". These are used in manufacture of detergents, fibres,, , ~ polythene etc.
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S Limprove Your Learning (Tevt. Pe No, 93), , 1. Conceptual Understanding (AS1), , , , 4 Complete the given analogy:, i coal exhaustible ssolarenergy : inexhaustible, coal tar S -ifvroads <eeaka : manufacture of stee], | “i. petrochemical; plastic 2: CNG : vehicles, , * iv. carbon dioxide global warming : : carbon monoxide : nausea, , | 2... Match the following:, , ee, , natural resource [.e.] a. carbonization, , ii. coal [ a ]__b. plastic chair, , , , , , iii, petro chemical product [ b ] c. krishna and godavari delta’ ', , iv. | natural gas Fi [ ¢ ]..\ d. plankton, , Vv. petroleum [id Gi" e.- water,, , 3. Tick (/) the only. correct choice amongst the following., , /i) Which one of the following is less polluting fuel ?, , a) natural gas (V) b)coal. sc) kerosene d) petrol, , , , , The main constituent of coal is, a) carbon WM): b) oxygen c) air d) water, , Which one the following material is used for making shoe polish?, , , , , , b) petrol pe c) diesel d) lubricating oil”, , al Science w™ Class - 8 521 6. Coal and Petroleum
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4. Fill in the blanks,, , Coke was used in manufacture of steel., , The bi products uf coal.used in synthetic dyes and paints are coal tar., , Coal was formed in areas where large amounts of organic matter was De, , | under the earth., v/_-Carbon dioxide’ gas which causes climate change and global eA p, , , , , , x Name the petroleum products used for roads surfacing., 1. Earlier coal-tar a black, thick liquid which is obtained from coal processing, , EF» and is a mixture of about 200 substances was mainly used for metalling or, , , , surfacing of the roads., Now - a- days ‘bitumen’ which is a petroleum product, is used in place of, , coal - tar for surfacing the roads., , Ky Explain the process of formation of petrol., Petroleum was formed from organisms living in the sea. As these organisms, , A. I,, ' died, their bodies settled at the bottom of the sea and got covered with layers, , of sand and clay., 2. Over millions of years, absence of air, high temperature and high pressure, , transformed the dead organisms into petroleum., , , , G. Project Work, Compare a.C, , NG run vehicle with that of a diesel run vehicle. What, , EET ee CU ee, ARNE Re ene, , Sots tee
