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MY ENGLISH, BOOK EIGHT, STANDARD EIGHT

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The Coordination Committee formed by GR No. Abhyas - 2116/(Pra.Kra.43/16) SD - 4, Dated 25.4.2016 has given approval to prescribe this textbook in its meeting held on 29.12.2017, from the Academic Year 2018-19., , MY ENGLISH BOOK EIGHT, STANDARD EIGHT, , Maharashtra State Bureau of Textbook Production and, Curriculum Research, Pune., The digital textbook can be obtained through DIKSHA App on a, smartphone by using the Q. R. Code given on title page of the, textbook and useful audio-visual teaching-learning material of the, relevant lesson will be available through the Q. R. Code given in, each lesson of this textbook., , MEB 8th Prelim Pages final 1.4.18 - 3 Apr - NEW.indd 1, , 5/4/2018 6:47:41 PM

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MEB 8th Prelim Pages final 1.4.18 - 3 Apr - NEW.indd 3, , 5/4/2018 6:47:42 PM

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MEB 8th Prelim Pages final 1.4.18 - 3 Apr - NEW.indd 4, , 5/4/2018 6:47:42 PM

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Preface, , Dear Students,, A most hearty welcome to Std VIII. We are happy to place this textbook, ‘My English Book Eight’ in your hands., English has been a part of your studies since Std I. So far, you have learnt, many English songs and poems. You can read and understand the English, seen and heard in your surroundings. You can use English to communicate, precisely in everyday situations, in spoken, written, or ecommunication modes., You have enjoyed some interesting stories and passages in the previous, textbooks and working out activities based on what you have learnt. Now, that you are in Std VIII, you will do all this and also learn to use English, both spoken and written with a better understanding of the language and the, way it should be used. You will also get to enjoy reading works of some, well-known writers., Our main aim is to help you use English with confidence. We want you, to be able to ask questions, gain knowledge and new skills, be creative and, to spend your free time joyfully. That is why, we would like you to take part, in all the activities and exercises in the ‘Warm up’ and ‘English Workshop’, sections, without any fear. Talk to your teacher freely about the problems and, difficulties you face while studying this textbook. Many of the activities are, designed to show you ways of thinking, learning on your own, and to sharpen, your skill in creative writing so that you can write on your own meaningful,, systematically in different types of formats. The more you use the activities,, the better you will learn., Useful audio - video teaching - learning material given in each relevant lesson, will be available through the Q. R. Code and through the medium of App for, additional information. It will be definitely useful for your study., We will be happy if you share your feelings about the contents of this, book with us. We hope you enjoy studying it throughout the year., Wish you all the best in your studies !, , Pune, Date : 18 April 2018, Akshayya Trutiya, Indian Solar Year :, Chaitra 28, 1940, , MEB 8th Prelim Pages final 1.4.18 - 3 Apr - NEW.indd 5, , (Dr Sunil Magar), Director, Maharashtra State Bureau of Textbook, Production and Curriculum Research, Pune., , 5/4/2018 6:47:42 PM

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Compulsory English : Learning Outcomes : Standard VIII, Learning Outcomes, , Suggested Pedagogical Processes, The learner may be provided opportunities in pairs/groups/, individually and encouraged to–, , • participate in classroom activities/school programmes, such as Morning Assembly/extempore/debate etc. by being, exposed to input-rich environment, , • speak about objects / events in the class / school, environment and outside surroundings., , • participate in grammar games and kinesthetic activities for, • use English news (newspaper, TV, Radio) as a resource to, develop his/her listening and reading comprehension, note-, , • watch / listen to English movies, serials, educational, sub-titles,, , • Responds to instructions and announcements in school, and public places such as railway stations, market, bus, stands, air port, cinema hall, malls and acts accordingly., , • Evaluates whether something (presented orally) is true, or false, relevant/irrelevant, logical/illogical etc., , • Forms his/her own opinion about what is presented., (acceptable, enjoyable, effective), , • Communicates one’s feelings/emotions appropriately in, four or five lines., , • Presents one’s thoughts, arguments in a logical,, , taking, summarizing etc., , with, , • Listens attentively to a variety of programmes., , • Narrates a joke, story/incident, makes an announcement., , language learning., , channels, , The learner –, , audio-video/, , multi-media, , materials, for understanding and comprehension., , • interview people from various professions such as doctors,, writers, actors, teachers, cobblers, newspaper boy,, household helps, rickshaw pullers/drivers and so on., , • use formulaic expressions / instructions such as ‘Could, I give you…’ ‘Shall we have a cup of tea?’ to develop, communication skills, , • participate in individual activities such as introducing, personalities/ guests during school programmes., , • learn vocabulary associated with various professions and, use them in different situations., , • read stories/plays (from different books/ newspapers, in education (NIE) / children’s section in magazines in, English) and narrate them., , • locate main idea, sequence of events and co-relate ideas,, themes and issues in a variety of texts in English and other, languages., , • use various sources from English and other languages, , organized manner., , • Speaks in English about events in the school environment, and outside in the surroundings., , • Participates in different events such as role play, poetry, recitation, skit, drama, debate, speech, elocution, quiz, organized by school and other such organizations., , • Uses idiomatic expressions appropriately with ease and, confidence., , • Engages in conversations in English with people from, different professions using appropriate vocabulary., , • Introduces guests in English, interviews people by, asking questions based on their professions., , • Reads excerpts dialogues, poems, commentaries of, sports and games, speeches, news, debates on TV, radio, and expresses opinions about them., , • Understands/empathises with the points of view of the, other people., , • Learns new words, expressions and enriches his/her, vocabulary through reading., , • Identifies details, characters, main idea and sequence of, ideas and events while reading., , • Fills forms correctly., , to facilitate comprehension, co-relation and critical, , • Prepares posters on various themes., , understanding of issues., , • Describes a process/the working of a device correctly., , • interpret quotations, sayings and proverbs., • interpret photographs/sketches, tables, charts, diagrams, and maps and incorporate in writing., , • think critically, compare and contrast characters/events/, , • Understands how reference materials such as different, dictionaries, encyclopedias and thesaurus are organized, and uses them effectively., , • Writes a coherent and meaningful paragraph through, the process of drafting, revising, editing and finalizing., , MEB 8th Prelim Pages final 1.4.18 - 3 Apr - NEW.indd 6, , 5/4/2018 6:47:43 PM

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Suggested Pedagogical Processes, ideas/themes and relate them to life and try to give, opinions about issues., , • refer sources such as dictionary, thesaurus and, encyclopedia for meaning in context and understanding, texts., , • use grammar in context such as active and passive voice,, reported speech, tenses, parts of speech, etc., , • notice punctuation marks in a variety of texts and, appropriately use in editing his/her own writing., , • understand the context for various types of writing:, messages, notice, letter, report, biography, travelogue,, diary entry etc., , • take dictation of a passage with specific attention to, words pronounced, punctuation and spelling., , Learning Outcomes, • Prepares questionnaires to interview people, to take a, survey as part of a project., , • When required, uses mother tongue words and expressions, without distortion while speaking/writing English., , • Uses digital dictionaries/standard dictionaries available, on the internet., , • Prepares graphics, word-art, graphs, pictograms, etc. on, the computer., , • Knows how to compile, edit, use the information or details, available on the internet and not just ‘copy-paste’ them., , • Takes care not to use copyright material without proper, permission and/or acknowledgment., , • Prepares a presentation with the help of a computer., • Participates in language games and activities for, language learning., , • attempt various types of writing: notice, letter, report, etc as, well as personal/ biographical experiences and extrapolative, writings., , • use ICT (Net, mobile, website, Youtube, TED talks etc), to browse for information, for projects/PPT discussion,, debate, class seminar etc., , • attempt creative writing, like stories, poems, dialogues,, skits, dialogues from a story and story from dialogues., , • visit a language laboratory., • read/write a book review., Learning Outcomes, • Writes an essay., • Attempts creative writing in different forms – stories,, poems, skits, dialogues, cartoons, jokes, playlets, etc., , • Writes a book review., • Uses and interprets quotations, idiomatic expressions,, sayings, proverbs etc. appropriately in writing., , • Attempts using different techniques to make his/her, writing more effective., , • Prepares a write up after seeking information in print/, online, notice board, newspapers etc., , • Frames emails, messages, notice, formal letters,, descriptions/narratives, personal diary, report, short, personal/biographical experiences etc., , • Remembers and recalls necessary information (and the, way it is organized) with the help of personal notes., , MEB 8th Prelim Pages final 1.4.18 - 3 Apr - NEW.indd 7, , Language Study, Be aware of the following concepts to understand how, language is used., The Alphabet :,  , Alphabetical order,  , Phonetic symbols, Parts of Speech :,  Main-auxilliary modal verbs,  Progressive and Perfect,  Degrees of Comparison, Sentence Structure :,  Phrase and Clause,  Simple, compound and complex sentences,  Coordination and subordination,  Joining sentences,  Reported Speech, Vocabulary and Word building :,  Prefix and Suffix,  Compound Words,  Changing word class, Punctuation :,  Capitalization and quotes, Speech :,  Syllables, Figures of Speech :,  Simile, metaphor, personification, hyperbole, , 5/4/2018 6:47:43 PM

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Contents, Unit One, , Unit Three, , 1.1 Be the Best, , 2, , 3.1 “Why?’’, , 55, , 1.2 Androcles, and the Lion, , 6, , 3.2 The Song of Songs, , 59, , 3.3 Truth, , 65, , 1.3 Trees are the Kindest Things, I Know, , 12, , 1.4 Miss Slippery, , 17, , 3.4 The Two Gentlemen of Verona 69, , Unit Four, , Unit Two, 2.1 Try Again, , 27, , 4.1 The Vet, , 76, , 2.2 The House builder, , 30, , 4.2 P. V. Sindhu - An Icon of, , 2.3 The Little River, , 35, , Success, , 80, , 2.4 Excuses ! (A Skit), , 40, , 4.3 Golden Chain, , 85, , 2.5 A Heroine of the Sea, , 45, , 4.4 The Unsinkable Ship, , 90, , 4.5 Festivals of North East India, , 96, , For the Teacher,  Different types of comprehension questions, and exercises have been included in the, book, though each text carries only a few, comprehension questions with it. Note and, use these different types when you design, your own questions.,  Questions given in the margin are meant for oral, work accompanying the reading of the text to, ensure understanding of the contents. Please do not, use them for written evaluation.,  The preparatory activities aim to develop fluency, of students in thinking as well as speaking in, English. These activitites are related to the text, as also to the world outside the classroom. They, acquaint the students with ways of understanding, informative pieces and appreciating the literary, ones.,  Grammar terms given in the book should NOT be, used for evaluation, but for explaining the rules, , MEB 8th Prelim Pages final 1.4.18 - 3 Apr - NEW.indd 8, , and conventions of usage to the students.,  Use a bilingual approach while dealing with, thought - provoking activities. Students may use, their mother tongue in the course of discussions., But make sure that you recapitulate the gist of, the activities in English at the end, and get the, students to do the same.,  In the ‘Live English’ activities, students can, experience the joy of using English in ‘lifelike’, situations. Ensure that all students get a chance, to participate in these.,  Encourage the students to read poems and some, simple passages on their own, individually in, silence or in turns in a group, aloud. Ask questions, of your own to ascertain they understand the unit, taught.,  Also encourage students to find out new concepts, on their own by use of dictionary, thesaurus etc., , 5/4/2018 6:47:43 PM

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Introductory Activities, l, , In spoken English, we often use contracted forms as :, , Full form, , Contracted form, , I am busy., , I’m busy., , They are tired., , They’re tired., , He is not coming., , He isn’t coming. (OR), He’s not coming., , You will like it., , You’ll like it., , She will not like it., , She won’t like it., , We had been for a trip., , We’d been for a trip., , It must not happen again., , It mustn’t happen again., , That would be fine., , That’d be fine., , Do you not like it?, , Don’t you like it?, , l, , Fill up the gaps in the table below., , Contracted form, , Full form, , Let’s, Shan’t, They have, Were not, We’re, Cannot, Where is, What’re, There’s, , 1, , English 8th LL 20.12.2017 - 3 Apr 18 -NEW.indd 1, , 5/4/2018 6:46:15 PM

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1.1 Be The Best, , Unit, One, , WARMING UP !, , CHIT - CHAT, (1), (2), (3), (4), (5), , Have you got a prize in any competition?, How did you feel at that time?, Have you ever failed in your efforts?, Do you think we should accept success as well as failure?, What will be your reaction if you are not selected in a team?, , (1) A., , , , , , Read aloud the following sets of words., (a) river, stream, sea, ocean, (b) hill, stone, mountain, rock, (c) plant, sapling, tree, seed, (d) child, adult, baby, youth, , B. Rearrange each of the above sets of words according to the , increasing order of their size/growth., (a), (b), (c), (d), (2) In your pre-primary classes you must have learnt the story of ‘The Lion, and the Mouse.’ Read it in English and fill in the gaps using words given, in the box:, A lion was sleeping in a, . A mouse started playing on him., The lion got up, . He caught the mouse and was ready to, it., The, , begged the lion to leave it and said that someday it would, the lion. The lion, and let it go., , One day the lion was, in a net set up by hunters. He, loudly as he tried too hard to escape., The mouse, the lion and came. It, .   , teeth and set the lion, , up the net with its sharp, , (help, angrily, caught, forest, mouse, kill, roared, free, chewed, heard, laughed), Moral of the story :, , ., , 2, , English 8th LL 20.12.2017 - 3 Apr 18 -NEW.indd 2, , 5/4/2018 6:46:15 PM

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Be The Best, , Be The Best, If you can’t be a pine on the top of the hill,, Be a scrub in the valley – but be, The best little scrub by the side of the rill;, Be a bush if you can’t be a tree., If you can’t be a bush be a bit of the grass,, And some highway happier make;, If you are a muskie then just be a bass But the liveliest bass in the lake!, We can’t all be captains, we’ve got to be crew,, There’s something for all of us here,, There’s big work to do, and there’s lesser, to do,, And the task you must do is the near., If you can’t be a highway then just be a trail,, If you can’t be the sun be a star ;, It isn’t by size that you win or you fail Be the best of whatever you are !, , , , u, , What is the main, difference between a, pine tree and a, scrub?, , l, , scrub : an area, covered with small,, low, plants., , l, , rill : a stream, , u, , What do people, like to see along the, highway?, , l, , muskie and bass :, names of fish, , l, , crew : sailors who, work on a ship, , l, , lesser : unimportant, , l, , trail : a narrow path, , u, , What is the message, given at the end?, , - Douglas Malloch, , 3, , English 8th LL 20.12.2017 - 3 Apr 18 -NEW.indd 3, , 5/4/2018 6:46:15 PM

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English Workshop, 1. Read the words / names given below. Put the big-sized/ bigger ones in the big, circle and the smaller ones in the small circle., (muskie, tree, pine, lake, bass, bush, highway, scrub, rill, sun, star, trail), , 2. Form groups of four. Read each stanza in the poem turn by turn., 3. Find and write the pairs of rhyming words from the poem., (a), , (b), , (c), , (d), , 4. Complete the following with appropriate words/ phrases from the poem., (First one is done for you.), (1) If you can’t be a pine, be a scrub., (2) If you can’t be a tree,, (3), , ., , , be a bass., , (4) If you can’t be a captain,, (5), , ., , , be a trail., , (6) If you can’t be the sun,, , ., , 5. Write whether the following are true or false :, (1) All must be the Captains of the teams. , (2) A bit of grass can make the highway happier., (3) We win or fail depending upon size or position., (4) A scrub is found at the top of the hill. , (5) If your work is not important, don’t do it., , ., , (6) Whatever job you have, do your best., , 4, , English 8th LL 20.12.2017 - 3 Apr 18 -NEW.indd 4, , 5/4/2018 6:46:16 PM

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1.2 Androcles and the Lion, WARMING UP !, CHIT - CHAT, (1), (2), (3), (4), (5), , Have you ever helped anyone? Why?, How did you help him/her?, Has anyone ever helped you in your need?, How did you feel at that time?, How did you show your gratitude to him/her?, , (1) Discuss with your benchmate and write down the names of any five, stories of bravery that you have read/heard. Also name the brave hero /, heroine of each story., Name of the Story , (a), , , , (b), , , , (c), , , , (d), , , , (e), , , , Name of the Hero / Heroine, , (2) Complete the facts about lions choosing from the alternatives., (1) Lions are called, , of the jungle., , (emperor / lord / king), (2) Lions belong to the, , family of animals., , (dog / cat / horse), (3) Lions are, , animals., , (carnivorous / herbivorous / omnivorous), (4), , lions have a mane around their neck but lionesses do not, have it., , (Cub / Male / Female), (5) A group of lions is called a, , , (flock / herd / pride), , (6) Lions attack only when they are, , , ., ., , (tricked / awake / hungry), , 6, , English 8th LL 20.12.2017 - 3 Apr 18 -NEW.indd 6, , 5/4/2018 6:46:16 PM

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Androcles and the Lion, Long, long ago, there lived a kind, gentle and, courteous man called Androcles. But he had a very, cruel master. In those days, kings, nobles, and other, wealthy men used poor people as their slaves. Androcles, was a slave. The slaves were forced to work for their, masters. They had to do what their masters told them., They had no freedom, no rights. Even when they were, unhappy with their master, they could not leave him., They were bound by law to obey their master, however, wicked he might be., Androcles did not like his heartless, wicked master., His master starved his slaves and often whipped them., Androcles felt that even death was better than serving, such a master. He kept looking out for a good, opportunity. At the first chance he got, he escaped from, the clutches of his cruel master., Now, although Androcles had thus run away, he, was not a coward. He took shelter in a forest. He was, not afraid of the wild beasts that roamed the forest., He did not mind that he had no roof over his head., He was happy that he was free as a bird to go wherever, he wished., One day, as he was wandering in the forest, he, suddenly came face to face with a lion. His first reaction, was to turn and flee. But then he saw that the lion, had not moved on seeing him. It neither growled, nor, roared. In fact, it looked at him piteously as if it was, in great pain., Androcles paused. Then he moved very cautiously, towards the lion, step by step. The lion moaned and, whimpered. ‘‘Please help me,’’ its eyes seemed to say., When Androcles drew near, the lion lowered its, head and began to lick its paw. Then Androcles saw, that the lion’s paw was wounded, sore and swollen., On a closer look, Androcles noticed that a big thorn, had pierced one of the lion’s toes. ‘So this is the cause, of the lion’s distress,’ thought Androcles., Summoning up all the courage, Androcles stretched, his hand slowly towards the injured paw. He was afraid, that the lion would attack him if he touched its swollen, paw. But the lion seemed to understand his good, intention., , l, , u, , courteous : polite, How were the slaves, treated at that time?, , l, , bound by law :, strictly forced to, follow the laws, , l, , clutches : tight hold, , u, , Where did Androcles, seek shelter, after his, escape?, , l, , coward : one who, gets easily afraid, , l, , flee : run away,, escape, , u, , What did the lion seem, to tell Androcles?, , l, , piteously : in a, piteous manner, , l, , cautiously : very, carefully, , l, , moaned : made, painful sounds, , l, , whimpered : cried, painfully, , u, , Why was the lion in, pain?, , l, , distress : great, trouble, summoning up, courage : trying to, be brave, , l, , intention : purpose, , l, , 7, , English 8th LL 20.12.2017 - 3 Apr 18 -NEW.indd 7, , 5/4/2018 6:46:16 PM

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l, , deftly : skillfully, and quickly, , u, , How did Androcles, nurse the lion’s, wound?, , u, , Where did the, soldiers put, Androcles and the, lion after their, capture?, , Androcles took the paw in his left hand. Deftly,, he pulled out the thorn. Then, tearing a piece of his, own clothing, the kind man bound up the lion’s injured, paw. To his surprise and wonder, the lion then licked, his arm, as if to show gratitude., Androcles remained with the lion till it could walk, again. He would hunt in the forest and share his food, with the helpless beast. Every day, he would clean and, dress the lion’s wound. Soon, the lion was able to, move about. Many times, it followed Androcles,, wherever he went., In the meanwhile, Androcles’ master had complained, to the authorities that his slave Androcles had run away., Soldiers were sent in all directions to capture Androcles., They searched for him high and low but couldn’t find, him. At last, they came to the forest where Androcles, lived., It so happened that Androcles had gone out alone, that day while the lion rested near the cave. Both of, them fell into the hands of the soldiers. The soldiers, took them back to the city. They put Androcles in, chains in a prison. The lion was caged., In those days, people who were found to be guilty, of a serious crime were fed to wild beasts, as, punishment. Running away from one’s master was a, very serious crime at that time. Therefore, Androcles,, too, was to be thrown to the wild beasts., , 8, , English 8th LL 20.12.2017 - 3 Apr 18 -NEW.indd 8, , 5/4/2018 6:46:17 PM

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On the appointed day, the emperor arrived at the, circus and took his place. The crowds cheered loudly., The trumpeters blew the trumpet and Androcles was, brought into the arena. His chains were unbound. He, felt weak and dismayed. He was certain that this was, the last day of his life., At the opposite end, a gate was raised and a, ferocious lion was released into the arena. It had been, kept hungry to make it more ferocious. Androcles was, filled with fear, but he put up a brave front., The lion saw Androcles and rushed towards him,, bounding and roaring. But suddenly it stopped in its, tracks. Then it moved slowly forward. All its rage, seemed to have melted. Androcles saw this too. Each, friend recognized the other., To everyone’s amazement, the lion bounded towards, Androcles again, but when it reached him, it began to, purr and rub its nose against him. Androcles hugged, the lion. He wept with relief and joy., The audience, including the emperor, watched this, tender sight in great wonder. People began to cheer, Androcles and asked for his release. The emperor asked, Androcles to explain the lion’s strange behaviour. When, he heard the whole story, the emperor was also moved, by the gratitude and friendship between man and beast., He ordered that Androcles should be set free. He would, no longer be a slave., When the emperor asked Androcles what other, reward he would like, Androcles replied that he did, not want anything for himself, but he wanted the lion, to be set free too., The two friends went back to the forest to live a, free life., , l, , arena : a ground, surrounded by seats, on all sides for, sports and other, public events., , l, , dismayed : sad, , l, , ferocious : wild and, dangerous, fierce, , l, , put up a brave, front : show that, one is not afraid, , u, , What did Androcles, feel after he was, brought to the arena?, , u, , How did the hungry, lion change, when he, saw his friend?, , l, , moved by : have, strong feelings, , u, , How did the emperor, reward Androcles?, , English Workshop, 1. (A) Match the phrases in Column A with their meanings in Column B., Column A , , Column B, , (1) looking out for , , (a) anger reduced, , (2) face to face , , (b) returned slowly, , (3) summon up courage , , (c) trying to search for, , (4) rage melted , , (d) filled with soft feelings, , (5) be moved by , , (e) try to be brave, , , (1), , (2), , (3), , (f) in front of each other, (4), , (5), 9, , English 8th LL 20.12.2017 - 3 Apr 18 -NEW.indd 9, , 5/4/2018 6:46:17 PM

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(B) Read the following sentences from the story., (1) They were bound by law to obey their master. , (2) The kind man bound up the lions injured paw. , , , , (3) The lion bounded towards Androcles again., The word ‘bound’ carries 3 different meanings in each of the sentences., (a) rushed forward, , (b) forced to follow , , (c) tied up, , Put the correct letter a / b / c in the boxes according to the proper , meaning., (C) Now translate each of the three sentences (a,b,c) into your medium of, learning., (a), (b), (c), 2. (A) Find from the story the Antonyms (opposite words) of the following., (1) kind, , ´, , (2) poor, , ´, , (3) slave, , ´, , (4) high, , ´, , (6) unbound, , ´, , (8) happy, , ´, , (5) punishment ´, (7) tender, , ´, , Conduct a game of synonyms, and antonyms in the class., (B) Find from the story 5 words that describe the sounds made by the lion., 3. Write the reactions that followed each of the actions given below., (a) Androcles did not like his cruel master, so, (b) The lion looked at Androcles piteously, so, (c) Androcles bandaged the lion’s injured paw, so, (d) A hungry ferocious lion was released into the arena, so, (e) The lion reached Androcles and, (f) The emperor asked Androcles what other reward he would like, so , 4. Write in your own words 3 to 4 sentences about each of the following., (1) The condition of slaves in ancient Rome., (2) Qualities of Androcles., (3) Even wild animals can be our friends., 5. Narrate to your class, any short story about ‘Kindness to Animals’ (OR) How, animals can be kind to humans. Write down the story in your notebook. Give, it a title of your own., 10, , English 8th LL 20.12.2017 - 3 Apr 18 -NEW.indd 10, , 5/4/2018 6:46:18 PM

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Language Study, Auxiliary Verbs, Verbs that help to form tenses, moods and voices are called Auxiliary (helping), verbs. For example : be, can, may, will, etc., The three most common Auxiliary verbs, which can stand alone in a sentence are, forms of ‘be’, ‘do’ and ‘have’. They are called Primary Auxiliaries., For example : She is a student of Class 8., , , He does his work well., , , , I have a cold., , Forms of ‘Be’ : am, is, are, was, were, will / shall be, Forms of ‘Do’ : do, does, did, Forms of ‘Have’ : have, has, had, There are other Auxiliary verbs which do not stand alone in a sentence., They accompany Main (Action) verb., These are called Modal Auxiliary Verbs (Modals), They are : can, could, shall, should, will, would, must, may, might, need, ought to, For example : He can work hard., , , He will work hard., , , , He must work hard., , Underline the Auxiliary Verbs in the following sentences., (1) We have a holiday tomorrow., (2) Reena is injured badly., (3) You must wear clean clothes., (4) She should talk politely., (5) They did not help me., (6) A big thorn had pierced the lion’s toe., (7) The lion was caged., (8) Androcles did not like his master., (9) They could not leave him., (10) He would no longer be a slave., (11) The slaves were forced to work., (12) We should show kindness to animals., , 11, , English 8th LL 20.12.2017 - 3 Apr 18 -NEW.indd 11, , 5/4/2018 6:46:18 PM

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1.3 Trees are the Kindest Things I Know, WARMING UP !, CHIT - CHAT, (1) When do you receive gifts?, (2) Do you like to give gifts?, (3) From whom do you get gifts?, (4) What is the best gift that you have ever received?, (5) Why is it special for you?, (1) What gifts do trees give to mankind?, (2) (A) Name two parts of a tree that begin with., B, , , F, , T, (B) In most countries in the Northern Hemisphere, there are four , seasons : Spring, Summer, Autumn and Winter., Try to guess what is the season in the months given below., (1) March/April/May, (2) June/July/August, (3) September/October/November, (4) December/January/February, (3) An artist paints pictures using colours. A poet/writer can also paint pictures, in your mind / imagination by using descriptive phrases., For example, blue sky, soft white clouds, floating clouds etc., Write down four such phrases which describe anything beautiful in Nature., (1), (2), (3), (4), 12, , English 8th LL 20.12.2017 - 3 Apr 18 -NEW.indd 12, , 5/4/2018 6:46:18 PM

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Trees are the Kindest Things I Know, , Trees are the kindest things I know,, , u, , How do trees serve, birds and animals?, , And gather birds among their boughs., , l, , boughs : branches, , They give us fruit, in leaves above,, , u, , What do trees offer, human being?, , l, , Hallowe’en : a, festival in Autumn, observed in western, countries, , u, , Which part of the trees, glow first at sunrise?, , They do not harm, they simply grow., And spread a shade for sleepy cows,, , And wood to make our houses of,, And leaves to burn on Hallowe’en,, And in the Spring new buds of green., They are the first when day’s begun, To touch the beams of morning sun., They are the last to hold the light,, When evening changes into night., , l, u, , beams : rays, What do trees do for, small kids?, , And when a moon floats on the sky, They hum a drowsy lullaby, Of sleepy children long ago…, Trees are the kindest things I know., , l, , drowsy : sleepy, , l, , lullaby : soft, slow, song to put children, to sleep, , - Harry Behn, , 13, , English 8th LL 20.12.2017 - 3 Apr 18 -NEW.indd 13, , 5/4/2018 6:46:19 PM

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English Workshop, 1. Pick from the poem words that rhyme with the following words., (a) fun, (b) no, (c) now, (d) sight, (e) fly, 2. Pick from the poem lines that create a picture in your mind., (a) And in the Spring, new buds of green., (b), (c), (d), (e), 3. The poet refers to trees as the ‘Kindest Things’. From the poem pick out 5, facts which prove the kindness of trees towards others., (1), (2), (3), (4), (5), 4. Find words that describe the following., (1), , cows, , (2), , new buds, , (3), , sun, , (4), , lullaby, , (5), , trees, , 5. Pick out lines that mean the following., (1) Trees provide shelter for animals :, (2) Trees provide food for all :, (3) Trees are most lovable :, (4) Kids love to listen to songs from trees :, (5) Trees live a simple life :, 14, , English 8th LL 20.12.2017 - 3 Apr 18 -NEW.indd 14, , 5/4/2018 6:46:19 PM

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6. Think and write in your own words., (1) What living things can cause harm to one another? Name any five., (2) Why are trees called harmless?, (3) Hallowe’en is a festival celebrated in many western countries on 31st October., What is the season there? Why do you think is there a need to burn leaves, on Hallowe’en?, (4) ‘They are the last to hold the light, when evening changes into night’. Which, part of the day is referred to in the above lines? Which part of the trees hold, the last light of the day?, 7. Search for a short poem about ‘Trees’ in your mother tongue. Write it in your, notebook and translate any two stanzas from the poem into English., 8. Your neighbour is having a huge old banyan tree chopped down to make space, for another construction. Write an imaginary conversation between you and your, neighbour, trying to stop him from having it cut down., Begin with the following :, Myself, : Good morning, Sir ! I am very disturbed and upset to see you, having this good old banyan tree chopped down., Neighbour :, , , nd, sk a the, a, y, m, ma, her, s fro, Teca response on, elicit ts based ersation., n, v, stude nary con, i, imag, , Language Study, 1. Degrees of Comparison of Adjectives. Read the following sentences., (i) Yatin is strong., (ii) Amit is stronger than Yatin., (iii) Pravin is the strongest of all., In sentence (i) the Adjective ‘strong’ is in its simple form. It is called, Positive Degree., In sentence (ii) the Adjective ‘stronger’ refers to a higher degree, when, there is a comparison of two nouns. It is called Comparative Degree., (-er is added to the basic adjective.), In sentence (iii) the adjective ‘strongest’ refers to the highest degree of, comparison of one with more than two nouns. It is called Superlative, Degree (-est is added to the basic adjective.), , 15, , English 8th LL 20.12.2017 - 3 Apr 18 -NEW.indd 15, , 5/4/2018 6:46:19 PM

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l, , Fill in the gap in the table of Degrees of Comparison., , Positive, , Comparative, , (1), , kindest, , (2), (3), (4), (5), (6), (7), (8), , 2., , Superlative, , healthier, near, finer, earliest, small, faster, high, , Adjectives which have more than two syllables (long words) take ‘more’, and ‘most’ before them to form Comparative and Superlative degrees., , For example : successful - Positive Degree, , more successful - Comparative Degree, , most successful - Superlative Degree, Give the Comparative and Superlative forms of :, Positive , Comparative , Superlative, (1) ancient , , (2) special , , (3) significant , , (4) advanced , , (5) accurate , , 3., , When in a line of a poem human characteristics are given to something, non human, the Figure of Speech used is Personification., For example : humming trees, running river, smiling flowers., Find the examples of Personification from the poem., , 16, , English 8th LL 20.12.2017 - 3 Apr 18 -NEW.indd 16, , 5/4/2018 6:46:19 PM

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1.4 Miss Slippery, WARMING UP !, CHIT - CHAT, (1), (2), (3), (4), , Do you argue with your friends? Why?, Do you stop your arguments after sometime or continue it for a long time ?, Why do people quarrel/fight?, Do we forgive or punish our dear ones after their mistakes?, , (5) What do you feel after a quarrel with dear ones?, (1) Think over the following and tick mark, your choice., , the proper option as per, , (a) Do your classmates tease, trouble and avoid you?, , , Yes, , No, , Sometimes, , (b) Do you with your friends, also tease, trouble or give names to any of, your classmates?, , , Yes, , No, , Sometimes, , (c) How do you handle the teasing?, , , Cry, , Ignore, , Complain to teacher, , (d) How do you handle yourself when punished in class?, , , Cry, , Get angry, , Decide to change, , (e) What is the best way to react when others trouble / insult you?, , , , Take revenge, , Ignore them totally, , Become depressed, , None of them, , (2) Rewrite using proper punctuation marks and capital letters., (1) amar said i could not complete my geography homework, (2) why did you go to nagpur, (3) the president of india lives at rashtrapati bhavan in new delhi, (4) what a loud explosion that was, (5) physics chemistry zoology and botany are branches of science, (3) Write in your own words, what according to you is the best way to, get rid of a negative (bad) quality in your friend., , 17, , English 8th LL 20.12.2017 - 3 Apr 18 -NEW.indd 17, , 5/4/2018 6:46:19 PM

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Miss Slippery, (Given below are extracts from the story of a lonely girl, who is teased by classmates in school. Because she is upset, and unnerved due to certain problems at home, she is, unable to do any task well. The story tells us what happens, next.), Part - 1, , l, , gaze : stare, , u, , Why could the, notebook have fallen, from Sayali’s hand?, , l, , all-devouring look :, a frightening look, , u, , What happened when, it was Sayali’s turn, to answer?, , l, , l, , went blank : could, not remember anything, stern : strict, , l, , tiffs : a slight argument, , l, , annoyance : feeling, of being angry, , l, , vociferous : noisy, and forceful in, expressing one’s, feelings, , l, , inevitably : certainly, descended : come or, go down, , l, , I got ready and went to school. In the first period,, our class teacher, who taught us English, told us to, take out our composition notebooks. I took out the, mathematics notebook by mistake. I replaced it quickly, but the teacher, perhaps, had kept her gaze fixed on, me. She shouted, “Come here with your book, Sayali!”, I obeyed her but her angry looks made my legs tremble, and when I reached her chair, the notebook fell on her, feet., Some girls laughed loudly. The teacher thought that, I had dropped the notebook on purpose. She stared at, me with an all-devouring look. “Go and stand near, your seat,” she yelled. I kept standing, punished for, the whole period., The next was History class and my favourite, subject. The teacher had asked us to memorize the, causes and effects of the Battle of Panipat. I was wellprepared. She began testing all of us, one by one., When my turn came I went blank. The teacher gave, me a stern stare, while I stood there stiff, still, with, my head hanging down in shame., Mama and Papa continued their never-ending tiffs., Papa used every, opportunity to express his, annoyance. Mama on her, part, did not allow any, such occasion to slip, without turning it into a, vociferous quarrel. The, quarrel was between the, two, but the punishment, inevitably descended, on a third one, that is, me at school. Wherever, and whenever I heard, raised voices, I felt as, if Mama and Papa, , 18, , English 8th LL 20.12.2017 - 3 Apr 18 -NEW.indd 18, , 5/4/2018 6:46:22 PM

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were quarrelling. Sometimes, even in the midst of silence,, Mama’s screams came piercing through my ears. And,, whenever I heard Mama’s high-pitched yells, my legs, quivered., One day, I was coming down the school stairs., Somebody from the top gave a frantic scream. I fell, and came tumbling down about seven steps. My elbows, and knees were badly bruised. My new frock was torn, at the seams. When I reached home, Mama shouted,, ‘‘I am sick of you. When will you stop making me, pay through my nose for such extravagant losses?”, Mother seized me by the arm, gave me a good, jerk and seated me on the bed. She fetched an antiseptic, lotion and applied it to my elbow and knees; but did, not hug me. Within me lingered the yearning that she, would hold me and console me! Even if she had given, me just a sympathetic pat, my smarting limbs would, have been soothed., My younger brother was close by. As Mama walked, away to the kitchen, he came and sat beside me. He, placed his little hand on my arm and whispered, “Are, you in great pain?” I hugged him tight and started, crying again., I used to walk quite cautiously, yet I would often, stumble. One day, the class monitress announced,, “We’ll call her ‘Slippery’. Others slip on wet ground., Sayali manages to slip even on dry land.”, That provided the other girls of the class new scope, for fun. They teased me with the new title every day., Soon, a verse was composed in my honour :, “Slippery! Slippery!, Slipping without muck!, Ask her the simplest question, No answer is your luck!’’, I lived in perpetual fear of everyone the girls, the, teachers, the young and the old. When I was in class,, I dared not move out and when I was outside, I was, afraid of re-entering the class. Nor could I muster the, courage to speak to anyone., , l, , quivered : shook or, trembled, , l, , frantic : in extreme, fear, , l, , seams : edges that, are joined, extravagant : very, expensive, lingered : remained, behind, yearning : longing for, , l, , l, l, u, , What did Sayali long, for, from her mother?, , l, , console : comfort, , l, , smarting : hurting, , l, , soothed : became less, painful, , u, , Why did Sayali begin, crying again?, , u, , By what name did the, girls tease Sayali?, , l, , muck : wet mud or, dirt, , l, , perpetual : constant, , l, , muster courage :, gather courage, , u, , What was Sayali told, to do by teacher?, , Part - 2, The bell had already rung when I reached the, school. The teacher was in the classroom. I sought, permission to enter. The teacher wore a frown on her, face, but she let me enter and told me to see her in, , 19, , English 8th LL 20.12.2017 - 3 Apr 18 -NEW.indd 19, , 5/4/2018 6:46:22 PM

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l, , reassuring : , confirming, , l, , confide : share a, secret, , l, , thrill : great joy, , u, , What two relationships, did the teacher offer, Sayali?, , l, , to stand by, , l, , someone : to support, someone, pal : friend, , l, , lavished : poured in, great quantity, , l, , spontaneously : at, once, , l, , to be beyond, oneself : to lose , control of oneself, , l, , hysterical laughter :, uncontrolled laughter, , l, , reverie : dreamy sleep, , l, , prime : most important, , u, , Why did Sayali feel, like rejoicing a lot?, , the teachers’ room, after the class. Her tone was not, of annoyance or anger. Yet an unknown fear made me, nervous. Reassuring myself that she was a kind-hearted, teacher and would not punish me, I reached the teachers’, room with hesitant steps., The teacher greeted me with a smile and asked me, to sit by her side. Her tender tone turned my sighs into, sobs. She pulled her chair close to mine and patting, me on the head, said, “What makes you cry, my child?, I haven’t said a word to you.” After a brief pause,, she continued, “Tell me what your trouble is. Confide, in me, for am I not like a sister to you? ‘‘A rare thrill, ran through my entire frame. For a moment I felt I, should cling to her and cry and cry. Of course, I did, not do so, but I kept gazing at her with tearful eyes., Tenderly, teacher continued, “Do you know the, meaning of didi? It means elder sister. Won’t you tell, your sister your troubles? ‘‘Amid sobs I said, “The, girls keep teasing me.” She laughed, ‘‘Why are you, scared of them? If you cry like this, they will pester, you all the more. So ignore them. Who is your friend?’’, I shook my head and teacher smiled. It seemed the, teacher had poured her smile into my eyes. “Like to, be my friend?’’ she said., The bell rang. She rose. With a tender pat on my, back, she said, “Listen! You were a sister alright! Now, you are a friend too. But I like my friends to be brave., You’ve got to try to be brave. I’ll always stand by, you, rest assured, my little pal. Now rise and hop off, to your class.’’, Excitement made my face flush – red-hot to the, ear-tips. Never before had anyone lavished love on me, thus and here was my teacher who had spontaneously, accepted me as a sister, a friend! I was beyond myself, with joy. I wanted to chuckle – to burst into nearhysterical laughter., On winged feet I ran to my class. Soon I was lost, in a rare reverie. I forgot that I was sitting in a class, of wild girls whose prime pastime was teasing me., During the break, the water bottle that I was, drinking from, fell on me and I got fully drenched., Right in front stood Maya and Chanda, laughing away, to their hearts’ content. Chanda teased, “From the, slippery hands of Slippery, the slippery bottle went slip,, , 20, , English 8th LL 20.12.2017 - 3 Apr 18 -NEW.indd 20, , 5/4/2018 6:46:23 PM

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slip, slip!’’ “And now, let’s watch the fun,’’ said Veena., I was squeezing the water out of my wet frock., Remembering the teacher’s words, I turned my back to, them and ignored them completely. They were nonplussed and went away. I sensed a feeling of victory., Before the school closed for the day, the teacher, came to the classroom again and said to me, “From, today, you are going to be responsible for bringing the, register, chalk and duster every morning. Come, take, this key, carry these notebooks to the teachers’ room., Count them and keep them in my drawer. Ask the peon, to show you my drawer.”, My otherwise trembling legs were now filled with, some miraculous strength. I rushed enthusiastically and, completed the assigned job in a jiffy. When I placed, the key on the teacher’s table, she looked at me and, smiled. I smiled back., I was thrilled from top to toe. I felt my little heart, inflate with pride. I found no awkwardness in moving, about in my still-wet frock. Nor was there any trace, of fear, while returning home., -, , How did Sayali react, this time to the teasing?, , l, , non-plussed : , confused and unable, to react, , u, , What responsibilities, did the teacher give, Sayali?, , u, , What great change, had come over, in, Sayali’s heart?, , Adapted from the story by, Popti Hiranandani, , l, , miraculous : magical, , l, , l, , assign : allot, in a jiffy : within no, time, , inflate : fill up and, enlarge, , l, , awkwardness : an , uncomfortable feeling, , l, , u, , English Workshop, , 1. Two different words are joined to form a new word with a new meaning. Such, words are called Compound words. (Sometimes there is hyphen (-) between, compound words.), For example : homework or kind-hearted, Pick out some Compound words from the lesson., (1), , , , (2), , (3), , , , (4), , (5), , , , (6), , 21, , English 8th LL 20.12.2017 - 3 Apr 18 -NEW.indd 21, , 5/4/2018 6:46:26 PM

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2. (A) Add the proper prefix to make the following words opposite in meaning., , , (1) obey, , x, , , , (3) honour x, , , , (5) content x, , (2) sympathetic x, (4) afraid, , x, , (B) Add suffix to convert the following words to Adjective forms., , , laugh, , , , thought, , , , forget, , , , care, , , , count, , , , move, , , , tear, , , , punish, , , , joy, , fear, , 3. Find words / expressions from the story which are similar in meaning to., (1) very expensive, (2) longing for, (3) could not remember at all, (4) constant, (5) gather all ones courage, (6) filled and increased in size, (7) paining badly, (8) forced to pay a big amount of money, 4. Answer in short, in your own words., (1) The history teacher had asked them to memorize it (WHAT?), (2) Sayali’s new frock tore (HOW?), (3) Sayali hugged him tight (WHO?), (4) Sayali was called ‘slippery’ (WHY?), (5) Teacher told Sayali to meet her in the teachers’ room (WHEN?), (6) Teacher asked Sayali to carry the notebooks (WHERE?), 5. Divide the class in 2 groups with the help of your teacher and convert the story, into a skit. Each group can take up one part of the story and later combine, both the parts. Mention the following in your compilation. Present the skit in, your class., , (1) A new title , (2) Scenes , (3) Characters , (4) Dialogues , (5) Entry , (6) Exit, 6. Write what expressions does a person use in the following situations., (1) When a person gets a sudden fright., (2) When a person is very nervous., (3) When a person is tensed., 22, , English 8th LL 20.12.2017 - 3 Apr 18 -NEW.indd 22, , 5/4/2018 6:46:26 PM

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(4) When a person is very happy., , , , (5) When a person is very confident., , , , (6) When a person is very angry., , , , (7) When a person is very sad., , Language Study, 1. Some Verbs in English do not change in a regular pattern when their Tense, changes. These verbs are called Irregular Verbs. Fill the forms of verbs in the, following table. (Two are done for you.), Present Tense, , Past Tense, , Past Participle, , (1) break, , broke, , broken, , (2) do, , did, , done, , (3) go, (4) come, (5) sing, (6), , bought, , (7), , drove, , (8), , fell, , (9), , known, , (10), , run, , (11), , seen, , (12), , taken, , 2. Read the following sentences., (a) I was coming down the school stairs., (b) Teacher has asked us to learn it up., In sentence (a) the verb indicates an action that is continuous or in , progress at a particular time. (past/present/future), • The verb is said to be in Continuous (Progressive) Tense., ‘was coming’ is an example of Past Continuous Tense., (Auxiliary verb + main verb + ing = Continuous Tense.), In sentence (b) the verb indicates an action that is complete at particular time, (past / present / future)., • The verb is then said to be in Perfect Tense., ‘has asked’ is said to be in Present Perfect Tense., (has / have / had + verb in Past Participle form - Perfect Tense), 23, , English 8th LL 20.12.2017 - 3 Apr 18 -NEW.indd 23, , 5/4/2018 6:46:26 PM

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3. (i) Fill up the table of Tenses using the verb ‘GIVE’., Type of Tenses, , Simple, , Present, Past, Future, , give, gave, shall / will, give, , Continuous, (Progressive)., am / is / are giving, , Perfect, , shall / will, have given, , (ii) Say whether the following sentences are in Continuous Tense or, Perfect Tense., (1) I was entering the class., (2) The girls are teasing me., (3) I haven’t said a word to you., (4) Never before had anyone lavished love on me., (5) You are going to be responsible for it., (6) According to the teacher, I had dropped the notebook on purpose., 4. Turn the following sentences into Polite Requests., Example : Show me the way to post office., Would you please show me the way to post office?, (i) Take me to your teacher., (ii) Tell me something about your school., (iii) Give me the details about your extra curriculur activities., (iv) Provide me the information about books in your school library., est., , requ, lite, o, p, e, mak, o, t, s, se, phra, e, m, so, are, ?, Here ay use, ........, ., m, ., ., ., u, .?, o, Y, mind, ........, ., ., ., u, o, d, Do y you min, ?, ld, ?, Wou, ........, ........, ., ., ., ., ., ., ., ., ., ?, d I, k if, ........, ., o, ., ., ., ., ..?, Coul, e, ., it b, ble, ........, i, ., ., s, d, ., l, ., s, ., u, ., o, ., p, .., Wo, to .., it be, g, d, n, l, i, l, u, l, wi, Wo, you, ?, d, l, u, ........, ., ., ., Wo, ., ., ., ., .., I ...., May, , 24, , English 8th LL 20.12.2017 - 3 Apr 18 -NEW.indd 24, , 5/4/2018 6:46:26 PM

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WORD PLAY, ANAGRAMS, An anagram is a play on words created by rearranging the letters of the original, words to make a new word or phrase. Anagrams can be fun and witty. We can, often find examples of anagrams in everyday life., For example, state - taste, dusty - study, save - vase, thing - night, etc., Group Activity : Divide the class in four groups. The first group finds out, anagrams of 3 letters, the second group finds out anagrams of 4 letters, the third, and fourth group finds out anagrams of 4 and 5 letters respectively in the given, time. The group which collects maximum anagrams in given time will be the winner., Individual Activity : Make anagrams of the following words. Remember an, anagram contains exactly the same letters no more no less only, in a different order., • ten • dairy • glean • former • auctioned • listen • allergy • funeral • teacher • dormitory, MOTHER TONGUE OR OTHER TONGUE?, There are some words in English which sound like words in your mother tongue. But, if you, consider the meaning and use, you realize that they are different words altogether., For example :, Words, Meaning in English Meaning in Marathi Meaning in Hindi, Rose, a flower, daily, everyday, Sun/Son, a star/a male heir, festival/year, year, Piece/peace, a bit/calm, a feather, grind, calm, peaceful, work, work, Activity : Now complete the following table., Words, Boat, Rope, Lake, name, more, case, , Meaning in English, , Meaning in Marathi, a finger, daughter in law, , a strong cord, pond, a name of person place or thing, much, suit, , Find more such English words which would be meaningful in your mother tongue, too., Riddles, Group Activity : The teacher divides the class in four groups. Teacher asks the, groups to read the riddles and choose the correct answer for each one. The group that, finishes correctly first is the winner., • What comes down but never goes up ?, • What has hands but can not clap?, • What has a neck but no head?, • What can you see in a calendar as well as eat it up ?, • What belongs to you but is used more by others?, 25, , English 8th LL 20.12.2017 - 3 Apr 18 -NEW.indd 25, , 5/4/2018 6:46:27 PM

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Live English, Traffic Signs and Road Safety, Santosh : Hello, Amruta, Happy Sunday! What’s the plan today?, Amruta : Can we play chess?, Santosh : It’s a good idea ! But how about visiting a Language Lab?, Amruta : Wow! It’s an innovative idea; I would really like to visit a , , Language Lab., Santosh : So let’s go on a bicycle., (Santosh and Amruta keep on bicycling over a long distance………), Amruta : Santosh! We might have lost our route to the Language Lab., Santosh : Yes, let’s ask someone., (They ask one elderly person.), Amruta : Hello Uncle, could you help us to find the route of Language Lab?, Uncle, : Oh! You have missed the route; did you not see the signing board, Amruta :, Santosh :, Uncle, , :, , Amruta :, , at the last turn?, We saw it, but could not understand the meaning of it., We are very sorry, Uncle. We should have studied traffic signs., After this visit, we will study traffic signs., Okay dear, don’t worry, now go back and enjoy your visit, and, do not forget to follow the traffic signs., Thank you, Uncle., , (1) Work in groups, discuss the following signs and share with the class., , STOP, , SPEED BREAKER, , NO ENTRY, , PEDESTRIAN, PROHIBITED, , HORN, PROHIBITED, , NO PARKING, , NO STOPPING, OR STANDING, , SPEED LIMIT, , RIGHT HAND, CURVE, , LEFT HAND, CURVE, , RIGHT HAIR, PIN BEND, , LEFT HAIR, PIN BEND, , NARROW ROAD, AHEAD, , NARROW BRIDGE, , PEDESTRIAN, CROSSING, , (2) Search on Internet the following signs and discuss with your partner., l, , ROUND ABOUT, , l, , DANGEROUS DIP , , l, , HUMP OR ROUGH , , l, , BARRIER AHEAD, , (3) Prepare a chart on it and display it in your classroom., 26

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Unit, Two, , 2.1 Try Again, WARMING UP !, CHIT - CHAT, (1), (2), (3), (4), (5), , What do you like - poems or stories?, What kind of poems do you enjoy the most?, Do you think poems can inspire us?, Do you remember any such inspiring poem?, When did you learn or listen to it?, , (6) What message do you get from it?, (1) (A) Form groups of six each. Everyone from the group should share an, experience or a situation, where at first, he / she experienced failure,, but after continuous efforts, achieved success., (B) Decide which experience shared in the group is the remarkable., Fill the flow chart with the steps taken for success., , (2) See the images. Rearrange and write the proper line numbers for each, from, those given below., , ( ), , (1), (2), (3), (4), (5), (6), , ( ), , ( ), , ( ), , ( ), , ( ), , The spider climbed again, a little higher., Yet, it did not give up and climbed higher and higher., It slipped and fell down., A spider began to climb a wall., Finally, it reached the top., It fell down again, the second time., Moral :, , ., 27

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Try Again, ’Tis : shortened form, of It is, heed : pay attention to, , l, l, u, , What should you do, when you fail, at first?, , l, , persevere : keep , trying till one achieves, , l, , strive : try very , hard/struggle, , u, , When do we , generally feel ashamed?, , u, , What rules must be, always kept in mind?, , l, , patience : capacity to, accept delay, , without losing hope, , ’Tis, , a lesson you should heed,, Try again;, If at first you don’t succeed,, Try again;, Then your courage should appear,, For if you will persevere,, You will conquer, never fear,, Try again., Once or twice, though you should fail,, Try again;, If you would at last prevail,, Try again;, If we strive ’tis no disgrace, Though we do not win the race;, What should we do in that case?, Try again., If you find your task is hard,, Try again;, Time will bring you, your reward,, Try again;, All that other folk can do,, Why, with patience, may not you?, Only keep this rule in view,, Try again., - W.E. Hickson, , English Workshop, 1. The following Anagrams contain words / phrases from the poem., Guess and write what they are., (1) rainy tag =, (2) our cage =, (3) vet sir, =, (4) red raw =, (5) tap niece =, (6) serve peer =, 28, , English 8th LL 20.12.2017 - 3 Apr 18 -NEW.indd 28, , 5/4/2018 6:46:28 PM

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2. Pick out lines that convey the following from the poem., (a) If you keep trying, without a doubt, you shall win., (b) It is not shameful to struggle hard., (c) When others can do the work, so can you, if you keep trying patiently., (d) When you fail in your first attempt, make another one., 3. Find from the poem the Antonyms (opposite words) for the following., (1) succeed, , ×, , (4) stop / quit ×, , (2) punishment ×, (3) courage, , (5) lose, , ×, , ×, , 4. Answer in your own words., (a) What lesson should be kept always in mind?, (b) What should someone who loses a race, do?, (c) What quality is important, when you are struggling for success?, (d) When can success have a greater value - when you get it easily or with difficulty?, 5. Read the poem and fill in the web choosing points from it., Trying, again, , What, leads to, SUCCESS, , le, simp, a, b is, over te truth,, r, p, A, re, ly, conc niversal, u, and, h is, whic ted and ., d, p, acce ntly use, e, u, freq, , 6. Most lines from the poem can serve as a Truth or a Proverb., Pick out 3 or 4 such lines., (1), (2), (3), (4), , Using decorative styles, write the same lines to make a poster, / posters and with permission put them up in your school, building., , 29, , English 8th LL 20.12.2017 - 3 Apr 18 -NEW.indd 29, , 5/4/2018 6:46:28 PM

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2.2 The House-builder, WARMING UP !, CHIT - CHAT, Make groups and discuss the following., 1. What is retirement from occupation?, 2. When do people retire?, 3. For what reasons do people have to retire from their occupation?, 4. How do people spend their time after retirement?, , (1) Discuss and match the professionals involved in construction with the work, they do., , , A B, , (1) Architect , , (a) makes wooden framework of doors, windows etc., , (2) Engineer , , (b) beautifies the inside of a home, , (3) Building contractor, , (c) does the flooring, , (4) Carpenter , , (d) plans and designs structure, , (5) Mason , , (e) ensures structure will be strong and stable, , (6) Tiler , , (f) builds walls, roof etc and plasters, , (7) Interior decorator, , , (g) supervises construction, employs workers, , professionals etc., , (2) A word can be broken up into units of pronunciation each having one, vowel sound (with or without consonant sounds around it)., Each such unit is called a syllable., For example :, , l, , to, got, will, see etc. have just one syllable., , , , l, , fa-ther, ma-son, buil-der have two syllables., , , , l, , en-gin-eer, car-pen-ter, cons-truc-tion etc. have three syllables., , Write down names of any five of your classmates and break them up into, syllables. Write down the number of syllables in each of their names., , ken, gle, unbro, in, s, a, ., is, ritten) word, w, A syllable, r, (o, n, e, k, spo, el, sound of a, tain a vow, n, o, c, y, ll, a, u, s, ., Syllables u, consonants, g, in, y, n, a, p, m, referred to, and acco, re, a, s, le, b, a, ll, sy, age., Sometimes, oken langu, p, s, f, o, ’, ts, a, as the ‘be, , 30, , English 8th LL 20.12.2017 - 3 Apr 18 -NEW.indd 30, , 5/4/2018 6:46:28 PM

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The House-builder, This is a story of a mason, who worked for a, building contractor. The mason always strove to do his, work to perfection., As soon as a house had been designed by the, architect and details finalized by the engineer, the, contractor would send for the mason and leave the, responsibility of building the house to him. The mason, would then, without wasting any time start his work., He would take great interest in his work of building, and do it with full dedication. He made sure that he, used the best construction material, of high quality, the, measurements of the walls, doorways, arches etc. were, perfect and he gave an excellent and appealing finish, to whatever he built. The owners of the new houses, built, would be more than satisfied with the construction., Because of the zeal, diligence, loyalty and, persistence that he displayed in his work, the mason, was in great demand and fetched good business to his, contractor. Subsequently the contractor, recompensed, the mason, handsomely, with a very good salary. He, could meet the needs of his family sufficiently, without, any scarcity., The mason thus continued working with great, devotion for many years, till he became a grandfather., Then he decided that it was time to retire and spend, time playing with his grandchildren. Being a firmminded person, he informed his contractor of his decision, to retire from house-building. The contractor was very, disheartened to lose such an excellent workman and, urged the mason to continue his job, but to no avail., The mason had made up his mind and refused to carry, on., Finally, the contractor convinced the mason to build, one last house on a beautiful and convenient site, as, a special favour. The mason agreed to do so with great, reluctance, not too happily either., The construction started. It was a most beautifully, designed house to be built at a sought-after location., However, the mason could not put his mind and heart, in his work. He did his work very roughly and, , mason : one who, builds with stone,, bricks, cement etc., , l, , l strove : made great, efforts etc., , u, , Why was the mason, a very good workman?, , l, , dedication : commited, to task or purpose, , l, , zeal : great, enthusiasm and energy, in one’s efforts., , l, , diligence : constant, careful efforts, , l, , persistence :, continuous efforts, , l, , recompensed : money, given for work done, , u, , What sudden decision, did the mason take?, , l, , disheartened : felt, disappointed, , l, , to no avail : of no, use, , l, , reluctance :, unwillingness, , 31, , English 8th LL 20.12.2017 - 3 Apr 18 -NEW.indd 31, , 5/4/2018 6:46:29 PM

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u, , What was the contrast, in the workmanship of, the last house?, , l, , legal : connected to, law, What shock awaited, the mason?, , u, , l, , beaming : smiling, with great joy, , carelessly, without interest or dedication. Even the, building material used was of low quality; but he did, not care. He simply wanted to complete the job in, haste and finally retire., The house was ready earlier than expected – very, roughly made structures, weak walls, poor finish and, did not look as good at all, as designed. Yet the mason, did not care. He informed the contractor that the house, was ready and he was waiting to hand over its keys, to him., The contractor arrived at the site. He had a file of, legal documents in his hand. The mason handed over, the new house’s keys to him. But the contractor did, not step forward to enter the house, to see it. Instead,, with a broad smile, he handed over the file along with, the house-keys to the mason and said beaming happy, tone, “These are the ownership documents of this new, house in your name. The house is yours. I had planned, it as a gift for you.”, , English Workshop, 1. Find from the story the Noun forms of the following., (1) dedicate :, , (5) own, , :, , (2) measure :, , (6) give, , :, , (3) decide, , :, , (7) responsible :, , (4) perfect, , :, , (8) persist, , :, , 2. Choose the proper phrase / expression to complete the sentences meaningfully., (to send for, with full dedication, in great demand, to meet the needs of, make up, one’s mind, to no avail, to hand over), (1) She does her job, (2) One should, , ., to help others, when needed., , (3) As Mr. Jadhav was transferred to Chennai he had, responsibilities to his assistant., , his , , (4) The labourer’s income was not sufficient, , his family., , (5) Because of a fault in the wiring, they will have, , an electrician., , (6) Mother tried hard to change her son’s habits, but, (7) Mangoes from Ratnagiri are always, , ., ., , 32, , English 8th LL 20.12.2017 - 3 Apr 18 -NEW.indd 32, , 5/4/2018 6:46:29 PM

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3. Read the story and answer in your words., (a) The owners of the new houses built by the mason would be extremely , pleased. WHY?, , , (b) The contractor compensated for the mason’s good work. HOW?, , , (c) The mason made a firm decision to retire. WHEN?, , , 4. Read the following words from the story aloud and fill them in the, proper columns., (story, work, perfection, architect, leave, building, full, door, way, quality, responsibility,, measurement, great, many, avail, excellent, material, complete, sufficiently, ready,, documents, broad, happy, ownership, subsequently.), One syllabic, , Two syllabic, , Three syllabic, , More than three, syllabic, , , , 5. (A) Words that have the same sound / pronunciation, but differ in spellings, and meanings are called Homophones. For example : hair - hare, , , , Pick out from the lesson Homophones of the following words :, (1) waist, , , , (2) knew, , , , (3) lose, , , , (4) maid, , , , (5) grate, , , , , , 33, , English 8th LL 20.12.2017 - 3 Apr 18 -NEW.indd 33, , 5/4/2018 6:46:29 PM

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(6) won, , , (7) sight, , , , (8) week, , , , (9) would, , , , (10) sea, , , , , (B) Select any three pairs of homophones from above and make simple , sentences of your own to show the difference in their meaning., , , (1) (i), (ii), , , , (2) (i), (ii), , , , (3) (i), (ii), , 6. ‘Always do your best. What you plant now, you will harvest later’., Write a paragraph on the above topic with an interesting example of the same., , 34, , English 8th LL 20.12.2017 - 3 Apr 18 -NEW.indd 34, , 5/4/2018 6:46:29 PM

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2.3 The Little River, WARMING UP !, CHIT - CHAT, You must have been for a family / class picnic to a riverside picnic spot., (1) What did you notice on the banks of the river?, (2) In which season did you go? Was the river flow gushing or gentle?, (3) Did you notice other people by the river? What were they doing?, (4) What should we do to make sure that rivers do not get polluted?, , (1) (A) Fill up the table of seasons in India., Time of the year, 1. Mid February to Mid April, , Season, Vasant, , 2. Mid April to Mid June, 3. Mid June to Mid August, , Summer, Varsha, , 4. Mid August to Mid October, 5. Mid October to Mid December, , English Name, , Autumn, Hemant, , 6. Mid December to Mid February, , Pre-winter, Winter, , (B) Match the weather with the seasons., (1) Winter , , (a) hot, , , , (2) Monsoon , , (b) cool, , , , (3) Spring , , (c) pleasant, , , , (4) Pre-Winter , , (d) cold, , , , (5) Summer , , (e) windy, , , , (6) Autumn , , (f) rainy, , , , er, ar for bett, Use calend, ing of, understand, onths and, seasons, m, ils., other deta, , 35, , English 8th LL 20.12.2017 - 3 Apr 18 -NEW.indd 35, , 5/4/2018 6:46:29 PM

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2. (A) Poets make the poems musical and different from prose by using, many poetic devices., One of them is using words that begin with the same sound in the, same time., For example :, , l, , beautiful birds, , , , l, , sad song, , , , l, , stepping stone, , , , l, , city site, , , , l, , No one knows, , This device is called Alliteration and belongs to set of similar devices, named, Figures of Speech. Figures of Speech add to the beauty of a poem., Now write five pairs of words that begin with the same sound., (1), (2), (3), (4), (5), (Please note : Here, the first sound is important, not the first letter in, the spelling.), (B) Poets also make use of words that resemble a sound. (The words, are for example : bang, swish, beep, roar, tweet etc.), Such words are called Onomatopoetic words. If they occur in some, line of a poem, the Figure of Speech in that line is called Onomatopoeia., 3. Play a game., Set a time limit of 5 minutes. Using letters from the word ONOMATOPOEIA, make as many four/five/six letter words and write them down. The one, who makes maximum number of words, within the time limit is the winner., l, l, l, l, l, l, , 36, , English 8th LL 20.12.2017 - 3 Apr 18 -NEW.indd 36, , 5/4/2018 6:46:29 PM

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The Little River, Our little river, it meanders along;, , l, , meanders : flow , with twists and turns, , u, , How do we know that, the river is just knee, deep?, , l, , slime : thick slippery, substance, , l, , kash : tall grass with, white feathery flowers, , u, , What does one see, along the banks of, the river?, , u, , How do the young, children enjoy in the, river?, , l, , gamchhas : thin cotton, towels, , l, , wade : walk in a, source of water , where it is not deep, , l, , washcloths : small, cloth for washing face, , l, , scour : scrub, , u, , How does the river, change in ‘Ashadh’?, , l, , in spate : a sudden, flood in a river, , l, , rife : full of, , l, , babbling : talking, rapidly, , l, , torrent : rapid flow, of water, , l, , stir to life : become, alive with sound and, movement, , In summer, the water is only knee-deep,, And cows and carts can cross it with ease,, For the banks, though high, are not too steep., No sign of slime, the sands shine bright,, On one shore, kash fields blossom white., Chirping mynahs through that site,, The jackal’s howl is heard there at night., Across lie groves of mango and palm;, The village priests dwell in their cool shade,, Girls and boys bathe close to the bank,, Splashing with their gamchhas as they wade., At dusk and dawn, once their bath is done,, They dip washcloths to trap small fish., To their household tasks the wives return,, Having used river-sand to scour each dish., In Ashadh, clouds gather, the waters rise;, The river’s in spate, the current grows strong., The air is rife with babbling sounds,, As the muddy torrent swirls along., The woods onshore stir to life again,, And our village wakens to celebrate the rain., - Rabindranath Tagore, , 37, , English 8th LL 20.12.2017 - 3 Apr 18 -NEW.indd 37, , 5/4/2018 6:46:30 PM

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English Workshop, 1. (A) Name the following from the poem., (1) Two trees :, (2) Two animals :, (3) Two seasons :, (4) Two non-English words :, (5) Two different timings of the day :, (B) Pick from the poem words that describe sounds., (1), , , , (3), , (2), , , , (4), , (C) Pick out words that describe the flow of the river-water., (1), , , , (3), , (2), , , , (4), , 2. (A) Find out five lines from the poem that contain the Figure of Speech - , Alliteration. Underline the initial sound of words, repeated in each of, the lines., , , (1), , (2), , , (3), , , , (4), (5), , (B) Pick out 4 lines that contain the Figure of Speech ‘Onomatopoeia’., (1), (2), , , (3), , , , (4), , 3. Rearrange the words in Alphabetical order., (1) summer, sign, slime, sand, shade, stir, scour, sound, swirl, strong, , (2) banks, blossom, boys, bathe, babbling , , , , (3) these, though, too, throng, there, their, they, trap, torrent, , 38, , English 8th LL 20.12.2017 - 3 Apr 18 -NEW.indd 38, , 5/4/2018 6:46:30 PM

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4. What aspects from the poem do the following phrases describe?, (a) their cool shade, (b) only knee deep, (c) not too steep, (d) housework on the river bank, (e) in spate, (f) rife with sounds, 5. The poem describes two different pictures of the river in summer and in, rainy season., Write down four points of contrast in the changing scene of the river., , In Summer, , In Monsoon, , 1., 2., 3., 4., 6. Guess who I am., I always run, I never walk., I often murmur, but never talk., I have a bed, but never sleep., I have a mouth, but hardly eat., I love to fall, but can’t climb up., , students to, Encourage, in, nt riddles, find differe, se, hey can u, English. T, e, languag, them as a, games., , Guess who I am. Please don’t give up., Try to translate the above riddle in your medium of instruction, in a poetic form., 7. Imagine you were at a river-side class picnic and slipped and fell into the, river, while playing games. Write in about 12 - 15 lines how your classmates, saved you., , 39, , English 8th LL 20.12.2017 - 3 Apr 18 -NEW.indd 39, , 5/4/2018 6:46:30 PM

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2.4 Excuses ! (A Skit), WARMING UP !, CHIT - CHAT, Form groups and chat about the following., (1) Do you come to school on time, everyday?, (2) What do you feel, when you are late?, (3) What action is taken in school, on late-comers?, (4) Do you give excuses for your late-coming? Are they true or fake?, (5) Why is punctuality so important in life?, Enjoy the jokes !, (1) (a) Teacher : Asif, why are you crawling into the class?, Asif, : I am sorry teacher. But yesterday you warned me not to, walk into the class late. So ............, (b) Teacher : Sharvari, you are regularly late to school. Don’t you feel, ashamed? Why do you come to school so late?, Sharvari : I am sorry, Madam. But on my way to school there is a, , road sign that says, ‘Go Slow’. And ma’am you have , , instructed us to always follow what road signs say., Can you underline the words in the joke that were used as excuses, for late-coming?, Now discuss within groups and share some simple jokes about teachers, and students. Try to write one or two such jokes in your own words in, the above format., (2) Reported Speech, Speech or dialogues can be reported in 2 ways - Direct and Indirect., When exact words of the speaker are reported we call it Direct speech. When, exact words of the speaker are not reported, but just its contents we call it., Indirect speech., Direct speech, , : Amar said, ‘‘I shall come to meet you tomorrow, Sanket.’’, , Indirect speech : Amar told Sanket that he would go to meet him the, , next day., Note down the changes you observe in the Indirect Speech., (1), (2), (3), (4), 40, , English 8th LL 20.12.2017 - 3 Apr 18 -NEW.indd 40, , 5/4/2018 6:46:30 PM

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Excuses ! (A Skit), Characters :, Ritesh : A school student, Mrs Sen : His class teacher, , Scene : A classroom, Ritesh, Mrs Sen, Ritesh, Mrs Sen, Ritesh, , Mrs Sen, , Ritesh, Mrs Sen, Ritesh, , Mrs Sen, Ritesh, , Mrs Sen, Ritesh, , Mrs Sen, Ritesh, , : May I come in, Madam ?, : Now? Don’t you think you are early ?, : Pardon, Ma’am ?, : I mean for the second period. You are too , early for the second period., : I am so sorry ! Ma’am, I’m really sorry. , I started well in time from home, you won’t, believe what happened., : Hmm, We’ll see. Let’s hear the story first., What happened? Nothing short of an, earthquake, I ’m sure., : No, Ma’am, really, Ma’am. Honestly, Ma’am., : Go ahead. Go ahead., : I was walking to school as usual, I was half, way down the narrow lane that leads to the, market. Suddenly, I heard a scream from the, main road., : And of course, you had to investigate !, : Yes, Madam, I had to find out if someone, needed help. And sure enough, there was this, person lying near the pavement - he was, groaning with pain., : So, you took him to Dr Jadhav., : No, Ma’am, I didn’t get the chance. Just as I, reached that man, another man came running out, of the shop there, with a packet in his hand. And, the shopkeeper also ran out shouting, “Chor!, Chor! catch him!”, : Amazing ! Quite a handful for you to deal with, and all at once ! What did you do then ?, : Yes, Ma’am, but the most amazing thing, happened then. That man near the pavementhe, too, got up and began to run with the thief., , u, , In what sense was, Ritesh ‘early’?, , u, , What was the first, reason why Ritesh, was delayed?, , l, , nothing short of :, nothing less than, , l, , investigate : carry out, a systematic search to, discover truth about, some incident, , l, , pavement : a footpath, of the sides of a road., , l, , groaning : making, painful sounds, , l, , to deal with : to, handle, , 41, , English 8th LL 20.12.2017 - 3 Apr 18 -NEW.indd 41, , 5/4/2018 6:46:31 PM

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l, , vanished :, disappeared, , u, , What made Ritesh go, back to the shop?, , l, , growled : angry, sounds made by, animals, , l, , budge : move, , u, , When did the dog, finally leave the, school-bag?, , l, , lured : attracted to, do something, , l, , accounts for :, reports what happened, , Without losing a moment, I ran after them., Mrs Sen : And then you caught them and took them to the, police station !, Ritesh, : We couldn’t do that, Ma’am. They just vanished, , around the corner. All this happened so fast., Mrs Sen : Then why are you late ?, Ritesh, : That’s not all. I realized that I had left my bag, at the shop in the mad rush. So I ran back to, get it., Mrs Sen : And it wasn’t there !, Ritesh, : No, Ma’am, it was there all right, but there, was a huge, hairy, brown dog sitting on it. I, didn’t know what to do., , Mrs Sen : Interesting ! A dog on a bag in a shop !, Ritesh, : Yes, Ma’am. Even the shopkeeper was, surprised. He didn’t know where the dog, , had come from. How that dog growled ! We, tried all kinds of things to make it move whistling and clapping, and showing him the, stick but he wouldn’t budge, and I couldn’t, leave without my school-bag., Mrs Sen : But I see that you got your bag finally., Ritesh, : Yes, Ma’am. Finally the shopkeeper gave me, some biscuits. I offered the biscuits to the dog, and lured him away from the bag., Mrs Sen : OK. So let’s say that accounts for fifteen, minutes., , 42, , English 8th LL 20.12.2017 - 3 Apr 18 -NEW.indd 42, , 5/4/2018 6:46:31 PM

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: But there’s more, Ma’am. The poor dog , began to follow me to school. It looked so , poor and lonely and small......., Mrs Sen : Small ? Did you say small ?, Ritesh, : I mean young, Ma’am. It was big in size but, it was only a puppy, really. And it looked lost., Maybe it was looking for its mother or owner, and I thought it was asking for my help. So I, began a enquire with the other shopkeepers and, passers by, but nobody could tell and couldn’t, leave it behind., Mrs Sen : And then you found the owner ? Who was it ?, Ritesh : That’s the funny part, Ma’am. The puppy itself, found the owner. It saw someone across the, road and just bounded towards the person. I was, so relieved. Then I turned and ran straight to, school., Mrs Sen : Good boy ! Now that are your good deeds are, done, there’s something else you can do. There’s, a story-writing competition coming up. Would, you like to send an entry ?, Ritesh : Who Ma’am ? Me, Ma’am ? Now..... I wouldn’t, know what to write. I’m not good at making up, stories., Ritesh, , u, , l, , u, , How did Ritesh, describe the same, dog, the second , time?, , relieved : no longer, worried, Why did Ritesh, refuse to take part, in the story-writing, competition? , Can you believe his, last excuse for , refusing to take , part?, , English Workshop, (1) Complete the following by inserting the correct words from the skit., (1) The heavy load would not, (2) The police arrived to, (3) My friend, (4) I was, , the crime., me to eat chocolates in the classroom., to find my lost notebooks., , (5) The injured child kept, , with pain., , (6) He stole the cash and, , in the dark night., , (2) Rearrange the order of the following events as per the narrator., (1) The dog began to follow Ritesh to school., (2) The groaning man joined the thief and ran away., (3) A huge dog was sitting on Ritesh’s school - bag., (4) Ritesh heard a scream from the main road., , 43, , English 8th LL 20.12.2017 - 3 Apr 18 -NEW.indd 43, , 5/4/2018 6:46:32 PM

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(5) A thief came running out of a shop., (6) A man, groaning, with pain was lying near the pavement., (7) The dog refused to move., (8) The dog itself found its owner., (3) Discuss and write the answers in your own words., (1) Were the excuses given by Ritesh for his late arrival, true? Give reasons for, your response., (2) Did the teacher believe Ritesh’s stories? How do you know that?, (3) Why did the teacher suggest that Ritesh should enter the story-writing contest?, (4) What according to you is the best way to correct children, who are regularly late, , , to school?, , 4. Report the following in Indirect Speech., (1) Ritesh : May I come in, Madam?, , (2) Mrs Sen : Ritesh, you are too early for the second period., , (3) Ritesh : I had left my bag at the shop., , (4) Ritesh : I am sorry, Ma’am!, , (5) Mrs Sen : There’s a story - writing competition., , 5. Imagine there is story-writing competition in your school., Frame a notice about the same, to be put up on a notice-board., Cover the following points., l, , Name of the competition, , l, , At what levels, , l, , Date, Time and Venue, , l, , Duration fixed for writing the story, , l, , Points to be considered while judging winners., , l, , Prizes, , l, , Contact person for participant entries., , ng, ents to bri, d, tu, s, e, th, Ask, ces, pes of noti, ty, t, n, re, fe, if, d, in English, published, the, . Observe, rs, e, p, a, p, s, w, ne, and, vocabulary, language,, sed., structure u, , 44, , English 8th LL 20.12.2017 - 3 Apr 18 -NEW.indd 44, , 5/4/2018 6:46:32 PM

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2.5 A Heroine of the Sea, WARMING UP !, CHIT - CHAT, (1), (2), (3), (4), (5), , Do you like courageous or cowardly people?, Why do you like courageous people?, How can we boost our confidence and courage?, According to you who are more courageous, men or women?, What situations / background provide us courage?, , (1) Read the names of the parts of a ship and their description and label, the diagram of the ship below., (a) anchor - an inverted T shaped structure of iron to hold a ship on, the spot, (b) beam - broadest part of a ship side to side, (c) bow - front part of a ship, (d) bilge/keel - bottom of a ship, (e) bridge/cockpit/wheel house - control cabin of a ship, (f) crow’s nest - top most part / post of a ship from where a sailor can, look out, (g) hull - portion of the ship seen above sea-water level, (h) part holes - small windows on the side of a ship, , 45, , English 8th LL 20.12.2017 - 3 Apr 18 -NEW.indd 45, , 5/4/2018 6:46:33 PM

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A Heroine of the Sea, u, , What role did the , lighthouse play?, , l, , fierce : violent or , aggressive, , l, , shipwreck : the , destruction of a ship, at the sea by sinking, , u, , What efforts did, Grace’s father take to, educate his children?, , u, , What was Grace, always unhappy, about?, , Around the rocky coast of England stand many, lonely lighthouses. Their lights, shining across the sea,, warn sailors at night of dangerous rocks. When they, see the lights sailors take their ships far out to sea. But, sometimes fierce storms drive ships on to the rocks., This is the story of a brave girl and of a shipwreck, on the rocks one night in 1838., Grace Darling was the daughter of a lighthouse, keeper. She had lived all her life in lonely lighthouses,, far away from towns and cities. There was not even, a village near their home. Their nearest neighbours were, many miles away. But Grace’s father was a wise and, educated man who brought up his children very carefully., Grace and her brothers and sisters were all taught to, read and write. Their father also taught them to be, honest and brave and unselfish., When Grace was ten years old the family went to, live in the Longstone lighthouse. Their new home was, on some wild islands, near the east coast of England., The Darling children grew up here. When they were, older they left their lonely home, one by one, and found, work in the cities. At last, all of them had left the, lighthouse, except Grace, who stayed at home to help, her mother and father. She had not grown very tall., She was only a little woman, not at all like her father,, who was more than six feet tall., On the night of September 6th 1838, a terrible storm, was blowing. Grace was used to storms. She herself, was warm and safe in the big lighthouse. But she was, always unhappy about the poor sailors who were at sea, in the storm., She did not know that a terrible thing was happening, that night. That night a ship was wrecked upon the, rocks. Grace and her parents did not hear the sound of, the crash. The noise of the wind and the waves was, too loud. They could not hear anything else. But a ship, called the Forfarshire had hit the rocks a mile away, from the lighthouse. Most of the passengers were, drowned, but nine men and women were able to climb, on to a rock. The wind nearly blew them into the sea, , 46, , English 8th LL 20.12.2017 - 3 Apr 18 -NEW.indd 46, , 5/4/2018 6:46:34 PM

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as they clung to the bare rock. In the distance they saw, the warm light of the lighthouse. But of course their, shouts and screams were not heard. All night they clung, there in the storm., Next morning at six o’clock Grace was dressing., She looked out of her window and saw the storm was, still blowing. Suddenly she stopped! Wasn ’t there, something on the distant rocks? Calling her father, she, looked again. Yes, there were certainly people clinging, on to the rocks. But they were half under the sea!, ‘We must rescue them before they are drowned!’, cried Grace. We must do something! Will you ever, sleep again, Father, if they die?, , l, , clinging : attach, oneself to, , l, , rescue : to save, (someone) from, dangerous or difficult, situation, , u, , What did Grace notice, from her window?, , William Darling was a brave old man, but he shook, his head. ‘It is hopeless,’ he said. ‘‘We can do nothing., How can I row a boat by myself through these waves?, If only I had another man here to help me!’’, ‘I can help you, Father,’ cried Grace. ‘I can row, a boat as well as any man, can’t I? I am small but, I am strong. You and I have often rowed together. We, can reach those unfortunate people!’, Mrs Darling was with her husband and daughter, at the window. ‘No, no!’ she exclaimed. ‘How will it, help those poor people if you are drowned? You cannot, row in this storm. Do not try! A girl like you, Grace,, cannot do a man’s job. Let us pray for them, husband., God will help them, perhaps, but we cannot!’, Grace was determined, however. She argued until, at last her father agreed. Poor Mrs Darling, with a, heavy heart, helped them to get the boat out. She, watched and prayed as they set off., Anyone who has seen a storm at sea can imagine, that journey. The boat went up and down over waves, as high as hills. Sometimes it stood on one end,, sometimes on the other end. It went up, up to the top, of a wave and then down, down into a great valley, between the waves. Every time they went down the, boat nearly went under the water., But little by little, pulling with all their strength on, the oars, they came nearer the rocks. The wind and, the rain were so strong that Grace could not see the, , l, , with a heavy, heart : sadly, , l, , set off : began a, journey, , l, , oars : a pole with a, flat blade, used to row, or steer, boat through, the water, , 47, , English 8th LL 20.12.2017 - 3 Apr 18 -NEW.indd 47, , 5/4/2018 6:46:34 PM

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men and women clinging to the rocks. She only, heard their cries for help. She needed all her, strength to hold on to the oar, which was bigger, than herself., , u, , How did Grace and, her father come to, the rocks?, , u, , At the most, how, many could the, boat carry?, , u, , How did the, Darling family, become famous?, , At last they came close to the rocks. William, Darling was able to jump on to the rocks while, Grace, all alone, held the two men into the boat., The two sailors from the wrecked ship were able, to row. They helped the Darlings during the long, journey back to the lighthouse. Then Grace and, the three women got out. Old William Darling and, the two sailors rowed back across the dangerous, sea to rescue the four men still on the rock., Grace did not have any time to rest now. All, that day she was busy helping her mother to warm, and feed the rescued passengers. After several days, these passengers were able to return to their homes, in England. They told the story of the brave girl, and her father to their families and friends., Suddenly Grace Darling and her father were famous., The story of their heroism was told in the, newspapers. Money was raised to help all the, lighthouse keepers in their dangerous, lonely lives., Grace and her father were given a special reward, for their heroism. Poor Grace did not live long, after the rescue. She died at the age of twenty, seven. But she is still remembered for her unselfish, courage. She risked her own life for others., , 48, , English 8th LL 20.12.2017 - 3 Apr 18 -NEW.indd 48, , 5/4/2018 6:46:35 PM

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English Workshop, 1. Find from the story the antonyms of :, coward, , Î, , rare, , Î, , carelessly Î, , disagreed Î, , selfish, , Î, , enemies Î, , happy, , Î, , forgot, , Î, , 2. Pick out words from the story, make a list of 8 words related to sea-travel., For example : lighthouse, (1), , (5), , (2), , (6), , (3), , (7), , (4), , (8), , 3. Write any two dialogues from the story which prove the following :, , as, ng w, i, l, r, a, D, G r a c e nd brave :, s a, selfles, , (1), (2), , as, rling w a, a, D, m, Willia g to take, in, unwill, risk:, , arling, Mrs D ged them, ra, ue, discou ing to resc, y, tr, from, , (1), (2), , (1), (2), , 4. Answer in short in your own words., (a) She stayed back home, with her parents WHO?, (b) A ship was wrecked that night. WHY ?, (c) Nine men and women did not drown. WHY NOT?, (d) Grace said she would help her father to rescue. HOW?, (e) Using all their strength to row, they came there. WHERE?, 5. How can you, as a young student, help people in a terrible road accident., Write 5 types of action you can take., (1), (2), (3), (4), (5), , 49, , English 8th LL 20.12.2017 - 3 Apr 18 -NEW.indd 49, , 5/4/2018 6:46:35 PM

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How will you help the, people who meet with an, accident?, , 6., , Things to do :, (i) Describe the life of family who lives in lighthouses., (ii) Rewrite the story in your medium of instructions., , 7., , Discuss in groups and write about the life of Grace using following, guide lines., , Support from parents, , Her helping nature, , Place of living, , Her education, , Grace’s Life, , The challenges, she had, in the lighthouse, , Her bravery act, , How she finally, rewarded, , Her unselfishness, 8. Imagine you have read in the News about how Grace Darling’s courage saved, some ships-wrecked people. Write a letter of congratulations to her and her, family for the brave, humane act., , 50, , English 8th LL 20.12.2017 - 3 Apr 18 -NEW.indd 50, , 5/4/2018 6:46:35 PM

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Language Study, (A) Choose the correct Question Tag from the alternatives., (i) She was only a little woman,, (a) was she?, , (b) wasn’t she?, , (c) wasn’t you?, , (ii) Grace did not have any time to rest,, (a) did she?, , (b) didn’t she?, , (c) wasn’t she?, , (iii) She risked her own life,, (a) did she?, , (b) didn’t she?, , (c) was she?, , (B) Choose the proper Modal to fill in the gap., , , (i) They, , hear anything else. (does not / could not / have not), , , , (ii) Nine men and women, / could), , , , (iii), , , , (iv) We, , climb on the rock. (has / does / should, , you ever sleep again? (must / will / may), do something. (must / need / would), , (C) Match the sentences with their types :, Sentence, , Type, , (a) Do not try., , (i) Exclamatory, , (b) Will you ever sleep again?, , (ii) Assertive (Statement), , (c) Grace did not have any time, (iii) Interrogative, to rest now., (d) ‘‘No’’, no! She exclaimed., , (iv) Imperative, , are, estion tags, u, Q, r, o, s, n, o, ation, Tag questi, firm inform . If, n, o, c, to, d, e, is true, often us, we know, ,, k, in, th, e, ve the, that w, is affirmati, e, s, u, la, c, the, the main, ve and if, ti, a, g, e, n, is, g, tion tag, question ta, ative ques, g, e, n, is, e, s, main clau, ve., is affirmati, , 51, , English 8th LL 20.12.2017 - 3 Apr 18 -NEW.indd 51, , 5/4/2018 6:46:35 PM

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WORD PLAY, WORD LADDER, (1) Word Ladder is a word game., • Players can get a starting word and an ending word., • Starting and ending words must be of the same length., • Players can change one letter at a time, attempting to move from the, starting word to the ending word., • Each intermediate step must be a valid word and no proper nouns allowed!, See the following word chain , , (1) HARD to EASY : hard - hare - care - cart - cast - east - easy, (2) Taking a pig to a sty., , , , , Pig - wig - way - wag - say - sty, Work in pairs and try to build ladder., • COLD to HEAT, • CAT to DOG, • MAN to APE, • TEA to POT, WORD CHAIN, , (2), , Word chain : word chain is a word game that begins with the letter that the, previous word ended with., Activity : Ask the participants to sit/stand in a circle and explain the rules of, the game. Give any word/topic/theme of the word chain., , For example :, Theme (1) Noun, , (2) Adjectives, , (3) Verbs, , (4) in general, Now prepare a word chain beginning with given words., Nouns, , Teacher, , R, , (1) Teacher, (2) Verbs, (3) General, TONGUE TWISTER, (3) Tongue Twister : Tounge Twister is a sequence of words or sounds, typically of, an alternative kind, that are difficult to pronounce quickly and correctly., Examples : • Peter piper picked a pack of pickled peper., 52, , English 8th LL 20.12.2017 - 3 Apr 18 -NEW.indd 52, , 5/4/2018 6:46:35 PM

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• Saina leads, Sayali needs., , , • A big black bear sat on a big black rug., Activity : Use the internet and find out minimum 5 tongue twisters and present it, , in the class., (A) Just one new word a day :, Listen to or read something in English till you come across a word that is new to, you. It could be even the first word that you read or hear. You may find a new, word anywhere - in your textbook, in a newspaper, on a board or hoarding, on, TV or radio, etc., •  , Write down the new word on a card., •  , Look it up in a dictionary and learn it., •  , You may talk about it to your teacher/friends/elders., •  , Try to use it in a sentence of your own., •  , Put all the words you have collected so far in alphabetical order., •  , Make sure that your word cards are always arranged in alphabetical order., •  , When you add a new word card to your collection, insert it at its proper , place in alphabetical order., , (B) Question a day :, •  , Frame or choose a simple question on your own., , , You should also know the appropriate answer to it., , •  , Practise using the question and answer with your friend., , , You must use a new question every day., , , , (C) A sentence a day :, , •  , Frame a meaningful sentence in your mother tongue on your own., •  , Translate it into English., , •, , , (D) Better your work :, , Find words which sound the same, but have a different meaning., For example, right and write., OR, , •  , Find words which have the same spelling but different pronunciation. , For example, read : pronounced as reed and as red., OR, •  , Find words which look the same, sound the same but have a different, meaning. For example, light, which means not heavy and also ‘the sun’s, light, lamp light,’ etc., , 53, , English 8th LL 20.12.2017 - 3 Apr 18 -NEW.indd 53, , 5/4/2018 6:46:35 PM

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Live English, , My First Aid Kit, (Naresh had some minor bruises on both his knees, while trekking, during his, school trip.), , Asif, : What should we do now? How can we stop the bleeding?, Naresh : Asif! Shall we talk to our teacher?, (The teacher saw Naresh and Asif and rushed towards them.), , Teacher : Oh! Are you in great pain, Naresh?, Naresh : Yes Sir. But don’t worry., Teacher : Asif go and bring the First Aid Box., (Asif brings the First Aid Box and opens it.), , Naresh :, Teacher :, Asif, :, Teacher :, , Is it First Aid box, Sir?, Yes, it is!, How can we treat Naresh with this kit Sir?, Please go through First Aid Manual., , First Aid Manual, • Wash the wound with distilled water., • Apply antiseptic cream on wound and cover it with cotton., • Bind up the wound with a bandage., • After taking First Aid, immediately consult the nearest doctor., , (1) Work in pairs. Discuss the uses of following items from First Aid Kit., Share with your class., , Cotton, , Bandage, , Band-Aid, , Adhesive tape, , Paracetamol, , Antiseptic cream, , Distilled water, , Hand gloves, , (2) Search on Internet more First Aid Kit items and their uses. Share with, your class., (3) Make your own First Aid Kit for your home., 54, , English 8th LL 20.12.2017 - 3 Apr 18 -NEW.indd 54, , 5/4/2018 6:46:36 PM

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3.1 “Why?’’, WARMING UP !, , Unit, Three, , CHIT - CHAT, (1), (2), (3), (4), (5), , Why do we ask questions?, Do we get answers to all questions?, How are questions useful in our life?, Do we think critically, without questions?, Which five ‘Wh’ words are used to frame questions?, , (1) Many WHY? questions of your childhood must have been answered by, now. Yet you may want to know the ‘WHY’ of many facts. Write down, 5 such questions based on reason/cause. One is done for you., For example : Why do penguins live only in Polar region?, (1), , ?, , (2), , ?, , (3), , ?, , (4), , ?, , (5), , ?, , (2) Insert the proper question words to complete the questions to get the, expected answer given in the bracket., (How / When / Where / What / Who / Whose / Which / Why), (1), , is the capital of Maharashtra ?, (Mumbai), , (2), , is your school located?, (On S.B. Road), , (3), , is your examination going to begin?, (Next Monday), , (4), , does the old man walk?, (Slowly), , (5), , colour is your favourite?, (Blue), , (6), , teaches you English?, (Mrs Ashwini Patil), , (7), , are you late to school?, (My bicycle got punctured on my way to school.), , (8), , pen have you borrowed?, (Aman’s pen), 55, , English 8th LL 20.12.2017 - 3 Apr 18 -NEW.indd 55, , 5/4/2018 6:46:37 PM

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“Why?’’, , I know a curious little boy, Who is always asking, “why?’’, Why this, why that, why then, why now,, u, , Is the little boy really, curious ? How do you, know it?, , u, , What does the boy, want to know about, clouds ?, , Why not, why by-and-by?, He wants to know why wood should swim,, Why lead and marbles sink;, Why stars should shine and winds should blow,, And why we eat and drink., , bellows : an apparatus, for blowing air, pop-gun : a toy gun, , l, l, , He wants to know what makes the clouds,, And why they cross the sky;, Why sinks the sun behind the hills,, And why the flowers die., , u, , What blows out of, bellows?, , He wants to know why wind should come, From out the bellows’ nose;, Why pop-guns should go pop and why, , l, , ebb : tidewater moves, away from the land., , The ocean ebbs and flows., , l, , gill : the respiratory, organ of fish, , He wants to know why fish have gills,, , kettle’s spout : a , pipe of kettle through, which tea/liquid can be, poured., , Why steam comes from the kettle’s spout,, , core : the centre, fruits, , He wants to know why coal should burn,, , l, , l, , l, , And why boys cannot fly;, , of, , marrow : a soft fatty, substance in the cavities, of bones., , And rain falls from the sky., , And not a bit of stone;, How seeds get in the apple-core,, And marrow in the bone., , 56, , English 8th LL 20.12.2017 - 3 Apr 18 -NEW.indd 56, , 5/4/2018 6:46:37 PM

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He wants to know why ice should melt;, u, , Why spiders eat the flies;, , What helps the dough, to rise?, , Why bees should sting and why the yeast, Should make the dough to rise., , l, , Some of his whys are not too hard, To answer, if you’ll try:, , dough : a thick mixture, of flour, water etc., ready to be baked into, bread., , But other no one ever yet, Has found the reason why., , English Workshop, 1. Read the poem, discuss and complete the following blanks with proper action, words. (Verb), l, , sun -, , l, , rain -, , l, , flowers -, , l, , ice -, , stars -, , l, , ocean -, , l, , bees -, , winds -, , l, , fish -, , l, , wood -, , l, , marbles -, , l, l, , swim, sink, , 2. Discuss in pairs and write the rhyming pairs of words from the poem., (1), , (2), , (3), , (4), , (5), , (6), , 3. Why this, Why that, Why then, Why now, Why not, Why by-and-by?, In these two lines the word ‘why’ is repeated, so it is a Figure of Speech, called Repetition., , Repetition : It is a Figure of Speech in which one or more words, are repeated in the same sentence. Example : Son, son it gives, me a great joy., , Now, find out the lines from the poem which show Repetition., , 57, , English 8th LL 20.12.2017 - 3 Apr 18 -NEW.indd 57, , 5/4/2018 6:46:37 PM

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4., , Complete the web diagram., , Write, the boy, questions, that, The little, wants to, begins with...., know...., .........?, Why......, Why............, ...?, , .........? Why...............?, , Why......, , Why...............?, 5., , Complete the following blanks from the poem. (Pair Activity), , Words from, the poem, related to, animals/fruits/, insects., , Words from, the poem,, related to, environment, , spiders, , wind, , 6. Imagine a senior student from your school has won a national level Quiz Contest., Frame 8 to 10 Interview Questions that you would ask when you interview, him / her at the school assembly, about the achievement., Word Chain : Complete the word chain., Example : eat - tiger - run - nose (1) sky - yak - k, (2) cloud -, , duck - k, , (3) wind -, , d, , (4) star -, , r, , (5) why -, , y, , -, , -, , -, , easy, -, , -, , 58, , English 8th LL 20.12.2017 - 3 Apr 18 -NEW.indd 58, , 5/4/2018 6:46:37 PM

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3.2 The Song of Songs, WARMING UP !, CHIT - CHAT, (1), (2), (3), (4), (5), (6), , Do you like to listen to music/songs?, What types of songs do you sing?, Who is your favourite singer?, When do you sing?, Do you practise singing under the guidance of a Guru?, What is difference between folk music and classical music?, , (1) Discuss with your friends and write down the names of 5 to 6, Indian musical instruments and those used in Western music., , Musical Instruments, , Western, , Indian, , Drum, , Tabla, , (2) A ‘Raag’ or ‘Raga’ is a music piece in Indian Classical music , which is sung or played in a fixed combination of 5 to 6 basic , musical notes., From any singer/musician or the Internet write down the names, of any five Ragas and on what ocassion they are best sung., RAAG, , , , 1. Raag Malkauns , , OCCASION, late night, , 2., 3., 4., 5., , 59, , English 8th LL 20.12.2017 - 3 Apr 18 -NEW.indd 59, , 5/4/2018 6:46:38 PM

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The Song of Songs, l, , exhausted : tired, , l, , exquisite : very, fine and pleasing, , u, , Who is the musician?, , Slowly, gently, the exhausted musician laid his, tanpura on the carpet. The exquisite strains of Raag, Darbari still vibrated within the hall. Emperor Akbar, looked up, his eyes lit with admiration. ‘‘Wonderful!’’, he said. ‘‘Superb! I listen to you every day, but I can’t, seem to have enough!’’, Tansen bowed in silent gratitude., , u, , u, , u, , How does Emperor, Akbar praise Tansen?, , Who was the musician, that Tansen was, talking about?, How was Akbar, different from other, rulers of that time?, , ‘‘I think you have the most wonderful voice in the, world!’’ said Akbar., ‘‘But I don’t, Shahenshah!’’ said Tansen with a, smile. ‘‘There is someone who sings far better than, I do.’’, ‘‘Really?’’ cried the disbelieving Akbar. ‘‘Then I, must have him sing in my court. Can you arrange it?, Tansen shook his head. ‘‘I’m afraid he will not, come, Sire.’’, ‘‘What ! Not even if he hears that the emperor, himself has summoned him?’’, ‘‘No, not even then.’’, , l, , summoned : called, , l, , enraged : filled with, anger, , l, , austere : simple, , l, , persuade : try to, convince, , l, , deliberate : purely, made, , u , Why, , did Tansen make, deliberate mistake?, , This reply would have enraged any other emperor., But Akbar was different. ‘‘Very well, Ustadji,’’ said, Akbar, smiling into Tansen’s half-scared eyes. ‘‘If he, doesn’t come, I shall go to him, myself. Will you take, me to him?’’, ‘‘Yes, Sire, provided you do not come as the, Emperor of Hindustan.’’, ‘‘I shall go as a humble lover of music.’’, Sant Haridas was the man, Tansen had spoken of., He had been Tansen’s music teacher and he lived the, austere life of a hermit. When Tansen and the emperor, reached his hut, he was busy with his daily chores., When they asked him to sing, he smiled but said firmly,, ‘‘I’m long past the age for singing.’’ Even his favourite, pupil could not persuade him to change his mind., But Tansen knew how to get round him. He offered, to sing before his guru. And he made a deliberate, , 60, , English 8th LL 20.12.2017 - 3 Apr 18 -NEW.indd 60, , 5/4/2018 6:46:38 PM

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mistake. ‘‘That’s not the right note, Tansen,’’ cried his, teacher, amazed. ‘‘What has happened to you?’’, Tansen did not seem to understand his teacher and, he made the same mistake again. Exasperated, Sant, Haridas took the tanpura from Tansen’s hands and sang, the right note. Then he went on to the next and, the next!, The music spread across the forest, like the first, glimmer of dawn or the fragrance of jasmine. Both, Akbar and Tansen listened to him as if they were, hypnotised and the emperor realized that Tansen had, spoken the truth. He had not known that music could, be like this! He had certainly never heard anything like, it before., , l, , exasperated :, irritated, angry, , u, , What is the music, that spread across the, forest compared to?, , l, , hypnotised :, captured full attention, , As they walked back, the emperor suddenly broke, the silence to ask Tansen, ‘‘Why can’t you sing like, him, Ustadji?‘‘, Tansen smiled. ‘‘Shahenshah, I sing at your, command, the command of the Emperor of Hindustan., But Guruji sings for one who is Master of even kings!, GOD! His music springs from the depths of his soul,, free and unasked for. How can I expect my music to, be so beautiful and divine?’’, , u, , What reason did, Tansen give for his, Guruji’s outstanding, music?, , l, , divine : of or like, God, , 61, , English 8th LL 20.12.2017 - 3 Apr 18 -NEW.indd 61, , 5/4/2018 6:46:40 PM

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English Workshop, 1. Frame your own sentences by using words/phrases., (i) Wonderful, 2., , 3., , (ii) Superb, , (iii) Very well, , (iv) So beautiful and divine, , From the story make a list of words related with ‘music’., (1), , (5), , (2), , (6), , (3), , (7), , (4), , (8), , Who said to whom and when/why?, Who said to whom?, , Who, , Whom, , When/Why, , (1) Then I must have him sing in, my court., (2) I shall go as a humble lover of, music., (3) What has happened to you?, (4) How can I expect my music to, be so beautiful and divine?, 4., , Match the sentences with their types., (A) Sentences, , (B) Types, , (1) What has happened to you ?, , (a) Exclamatory, , (2) I am long past the age for singing., , (b) Interrogative, , (3) Wonderful !, , (c) Statement / Assertive, , (4) No, not even then!, , (d) Imperative, , (5) Take me to him., , (e) Negative, , (2), , (1), , (3), , (4), , (5), , 62, , English 8th LL 20.12.2017 - 3 Apr 18 -NEW.indd 62, , 5/4/2018 6:46:40 PM

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5., , Make as many words as you can from the word : EXASPERATED, , 6., , Write T for True, NT for Not True and CNS for Can Not Say :, , (i), , (ii), , Emperor Akbar greatly admired Tansen’s music, but now, he was bored with it. , Akbar was arrogant and expected all his subjects, , , , to obey his commands. , , (iii), , Guruji recognised the king. , , (iv), , , Inspite of being a great singer, Tansen continued, to make deliberate mistakes. , , (v), , Any effort dedicated to God turns to be the best., , , , 7. Discuss and write briefly., (i), , What would happen if the Emperor Akbar would summon Sant Haridas :, , (ii), , What if you find a blind person singing songs melodiously for begging :, , 8. Study the underlined groups of words., (i) (a) He wore a shirt made of cotton., (b) He wore a shirt which was made of cotton., (ii) (a) Are you sure, of your innocence?, (b) Are you sure, that you are innocent?, (iii) (a) This is the exact reason for his failure., (b) This is exactly, why he has failed., (iv) (a) After finishing his work, he went home., (b) He finished his work and he went home., , , , You will notice that all underlined groups of words in sentences marked, (a) merely refer to a concept or expression. They do not contain a subject or a Main or, Principal Verb such as a group of words or unit of a sentence is called a PHRASE., , , Each of the underlined group of words in sentences marked (b) convey a , thought / concept and have a Subject and a Principal or Main Verb., This unit / part of a sentence is called a CLAUSE., , 63, , English 8th LL 20.12.2017 - 3 Apr 18 -NEW.indd 63, , 5/4/2018 6:46:40 PM

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l, , Say whether the underlined are Phrases or Clauses., (i) The musician laid his tanpura on the carpet., (ii) There is someone, who sings far better., (iii) He had been Tansen’s music teacher and he lived the life of a hermit., (iv) The music spread like the first glimmer of dawn., (v) His music springs from the depth of his soul., (vi) As they walked back, the emperor suddenly broke the silence., , 9., , Divide the class into 2 groups. (Teacher divides the story in to 2 parts.) , Each group should be alloted one part to be converted to a play/skit format., Combine the two parts, such that the entire story is converted to a play. , Also give a suitable title. Present the play in your class., , 10. Search on Internet the information about Tansen and any two great artists /, musicians with the help of the following points., l, , Name, , l, , Place of Birth, , l, , Music / Art, , l, , Awards and Honours, , 11. Activity:, Collect any five stories of Akbar and Birbal. Write / present any one of them, in the class., , 64, , English 8th LL 20.12.2017 - 3 Apr 18 -NEW.indd 64, , 5/4/2018 6:46:40 PM

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3.3 Truth, WARMING UP !, CHIT - CHAT, (1), (2), (3), (4), (5), , Do we speak the truth all the time?, Why do we tell lies?, How can words hurt someone?, Why should we take care of using proper words while speaking?, How do we break relationships?, , (1) (A) Write down five things that make you very happy., For example : Our team wins the match., (1), (2), (3), (4), (5), (B) Write down five things that are hard to forget, because they, had upset you greatly., For example : My best friend quarrelled with me., (1), (2), (3), (4), (5), (2) Rhyme scheme is a pattern of lines that rhyme other lines in the, stanza of a poem., This pattern of Rhyming words can be referred to by using letters of, alphabet to indicate lines that rhyme., For example : In the 1st stanza of the poem the Rhyme Scheme is abcb., , 65, , English 8th LL 20.12.2017 - 3 Apr 18 -NEW.indd 65, , 5/4/2018 6:46:41 PM

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Truth, Sticks and stones may break my bones,, But words can also hurt me., Stones and sticks break only skin,, l, , haunt : trouble, worry, again and again, , While words are ghosts that haunt me., , l, , slant : lean or slope to, one side, , Slant and curved the fall word-swords, , l, , pierce : stab or , puncture, , l, , mortify : make , one feel ashamed and, embarrassed, , l, , scar : mark left , by a wound, , l, , bruises : injuries, , cuts on the skin, , To pierce and stick inside me., Bats and bricks may ache through bones., But words can mortify me., , Pain from words has left its scar, On mind and heart that’s tender, Cuts and bruises now have healed;, It’s words that I remember., - Barrie Wade, , u, , Where do painful words leave, their scars?, , u, , What are words compared to in, the first two stanzas?, , 66, , English 8th LL 20.12.2017 - 3 Apr 18 -NEW.indd 66, , 5/4/2018 6:46:41 PM

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English Workshop, 1., , Read the poem aloud and recite it with proper rhythm., , 2., , Find from the poem 2 lines, each that contain the following Figures of Speech., (a) Alliteration (i), , , , (ii), , (b) Repetition (i), , 3., , (ii), , (A) Pick out from the poem the Synonyms of :, (1) injury, , :, , (2) delicate, , :, , (3) ache, , :, , (4) embarrass :, (5) cured, , :, , (B) Pick out from the poem the Antonyms of :, (1) forget, , ×, , (2) flat/straight ×, , 4., , (3) make, , ×, , (4) rise, , ×, , (5) outside, , ×, , Answer in your own words with the help of the poem. Write them in, your notebook., (a) What objects can cause injury to your body ?, (b) How do harsh and bitter words hurt the poet ?, (c) What can heal faster - body or the mind and heart (emotions) ? , Explain your choice ., (d) Why are harsh words called ‘ghosts’?, (e) What does the poet want you to keep in mind, when you speak ?, , 67

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5., , Find the rhyme scheme of the stanza no 2 and 3. (One is done for you.), , , l Stanza 1 : abcb, , 6., , l, , Stanza 2 :, , l, , Stanza 3 :, , Just as ‘words’ can hurt and leave a scar on the mind and heart, words can, also heal, a person in distress., Write in your notebook an experience of your own which proves that kind, words relieve distress., , 7., , 8., , Complete the following., l, , The title of the poem :, , l, , The poet of the poem :, , l, , Theme of the poem, , :, , l, , No. of stanzas, , :, , l, , Rhyme scheme, , :, , l, , Figure of Speech, , :, , l, , The line I liked, , :, , Summarise the poem in short, in your own words., the poem., e, is, r, a, m, m, ., to su, addressed to, ese points, is, th, m, r, e, e, o, p, id, s, e, n, Co, d who th, eaker is an, p, s, e, th, o, h, fy w, l Identi, a., every stanz, in, ts, in, o, p, ords., fy the main, your own w, l Identi, in, s, e, c, n, te, n, ple se, in short sim, m, e, th, s, s, re, l Exp, ., ed meaning, li, p, im, in, la, l Exp, ., f points., each stanza, the order o, r, fo, h, p, ra, g, l Retain, rt para, em., making sho, ts, in, o, g of the po, p, in, e, n, th, a, e, n, m, w, o, d, d, n, l Write, theme a, the over all, h, it, w, ry, a, mm, lude the su, l Conc, , 68, , English 8th LL 20.12.2017 - 3 Apr 18 -NEW.indd 68, , 5/4/2018 6:46:41 PM

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3.4 The Two Gentlemen of Verona, WARMING UP !, CHIT - CHAT, (1), (2), (3), (4), (5), , What is your favourite pastime?, Do you read books for entertainment?, What is your favourite story / poem / book?, What role do books on the lives of great people play?, How can we decide if a story is average / good / excellent?, , A book review is an analysis of a newly published book, by an expert, who, expresses his/her opinion about the contents, style and merit., Book reviews are published in newspapers, magazines and are also available, online., Make suitable groups in the class. Decide upon a favourite book or story in, the following details, as many as possible., , , l, , Name of the story/book :, , , , l, , Writer :, , , , l, , Some information about the writer :, , , , l, , Background or setting :, , , , l, , Main characters :, , , , l, , Central idea/summary of contents :, , , , l, , Style and language used :, , , , l, , Illustrations (if any) :, , , , l, , Strong (positive) aspects :, , , , l, , Drawbacks :, , , , l, , Conclusion :, , , , , , , , 69, , English 8th LL 20.12.2017 - 3 Apr 18 -NEW.indd 69, , 5/4/2018 6:46:42 PM

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The Two Gentlemen of Verona, , l, , carve an idea :, create or establish, an idea, , u, , What is the story, about?, , u, , How does the, narrator meet the, two brothers?, , l, , encounter : meet, face to face, unexpectedly, , l, , forbids : disallows, , l, , emphasize : stress, upon, , l, , intimacy : close, relationship, , l, , reveal : show, , make known, , l, , resemble : have a , similar appearance, , u, , What kind of odd jobs, do the two brothers, do?, , u, , How does the narrator, help the two brothers,, one day?, , l, , intrude : come to a, place where one is, uninvited., , l, , heart rending :, causing great sorrow, , A.J. Cronin has very well carved the idea of selfless, help and explained the importance of dedication towards, relationships in the story, The two Gentlemen of Verona., The story revolves around the two boys named Nicola, and Jacopo who do numerous things to earn money, only to pay for their sister’s treatment who suffers from, tuberculosis of the spine., The story begins with the narrator driving down the, foothills of the Alps. Here is when he first encounters, the two brothers selling wild strawberries. Even after, the driver forbids the narrator to buy the wild fruits,, he buys the biggest basket and drives towards the town., This scene emphasizes on the first step of growing, intimacy between the narrator and the two boys., Next day, the boys are found shining shoes in the, public square. This amazes the narrator. This is when, they reveal the fact that they do numerous kinds of, things to earn money. Here, the narrator is shown to, develop a soft corner for them in his heart. He finds, them to be innocent, serious, pleasant and earnest., The boys are very useful to the narrator. They are, very willing to satisfy all that the narrator requires., They are also found selling newspapers, by the narrator,, one stormy night. One day, when the narrator asks if, he can help them in any, they say they will be very, grateful if they get a lift to the nearby village Poleta., Although it doesn’t come in the narrator’s way he takes, them there. The boys get down in a building and ask, the narrator to wait in a nearby cafe, until they return, within an hour., Eagerness leads the narrator to follow the boys up, to a place which is actually a hospital. On peeping, through a room, led by a nurse, he realizes that boys, are talking to a girl who resembles them. He does not, feel like intruding and thus asks the nurse the details, about the boys. This is when the nurse tells him there, heart rending story about their father being killed in, a war and their home being destroyed in the war and, their sister suffering from tuberculosis. The brothers live, , 70, , English 8th LL 20.12.2017 - 3 Apr 18 -NEW.indd 70, , 5/4/2018 6:46:42 PM

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in a shelter and literally starve only so that they can, pay for their sister’s treatment. So keeping a secret, and helping their sister they have shown that war has, not shaken their spirit. They are noble and gentle, and great human beings in their own special yet, subtle way. This story distinctly talks about how true, the amplification says : ‘Where there is will there’s, a way’., , l, , What secret about the brothers, does, the nurse tell the narrator?, , l, , l, , l, , not shaken their, spirit : not reduced, eagarness to do, something, , subtle : difficult to, find out, , l, l, , distinctly : clearly, amplification : focus, on a statement, , Explain the proverb : Where there, is a will there’s a way., , English Workshop, 1. Complete the following:, (1) Cronin’s story focuses on, , ., ., , (2) The narrator, , to encourage the two brothers., , (3) The narrator develops a liking for the two brothers because they are, ., (4) The boys wish to visit the village Poleta to, , ., , (5) So, one can conclude from the story that ‘, which means ‘, , ’ ., ’ ., , 2. Solve the puzzle of words from the text. The clues are given below., 1, (1) disallow, 4, f, 3, p, (2) make known, 2, , (3) unexpected meeting, , r, , e, , l, , (4) giving pleasure to the mind,, feelings or senses; enjoyable, (5) sincere, (6) look like, , 5, , t, 6, , r, 71, , English 8th LL 20.12.2017 - 3 Apr 18 -NEW.indd 71, , 5/4/2018 6:46:42 PM

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3. Answer in your own words and write in your notebook., (1) What illness did the sister suffer from?, (2) What surprised the narrator, when he saw the brothers, the second time?, (3) What did the narrator find about the boys at the hospital?, (4) What was the touching story told by the nurse?, (5) If the narrator offered the boys a large amount of cash, would they have, accepted it? Say why? Or why not?, 4., , Read the text and find the Noun forms of the following words used in the text :, (i), , important - importance, , (v), , eager, , -, , (ii), , dedicate -, , (vi), , appear -, , (iii), , treat, , -, , (vii), , amplify -, , (iv), , narrate, , -, , (viii) realize -, , Language Study, , We have already learnt that Clause is a group of words that has a Subject and, a Verb and is a part of a larger sentence. In the sentence, ‘We returned home,, when school was over.’ there are two clauses - 1st ‘We returned home’ and 2nd, ‘when school was over.’, The first one makes complete sense. So it is called Main/ Principal Clause., The second one is not complete by itself. It depends on the main clause to, convey a proper sense. So it is called Dependant or Subordinate Clause. ‘When’, is the joining word and it is called a Subordinator., Identify the Main / Principal Clauses and Subordinate Clauses and encircle the, Subordinator., (1) They pay for their sisters treatment, who suffers from tuberculosis., (2) When he asks the nurse, she tells him their story., (3) They have shown that war has not shaken their spirit., (4) Although it doesn’t come in the narrator’s way, he takes them there., , 72, , English 8th LL 20.12.2017 - 3 Apr 18 -NEW.indd 72, , 5/4/2018 6:46:42 PM

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WORD PLAY, 1. Acrostic, An acrostic is a poem (or other format of writing) in which the first, letter (or syllable or word) of each line spells out a word, message. The most, common and simple form of an acrostic poem is where the first letters of each line, spell out the word or phrase., For example :, (1) An Acrostic poem, (2) School (3) Family, An Acrostic, , Super , Father, Creates a challenge, , Cool , And, Random words on a theme , Happy , Mother, Or whole sentences that rhyme, , On time, I, Select your words carefully , Out door play , Love, To form a word from top to , bottom, Learning , You, Is the aim of this poetry style, , Choose a word then go !, , Activity : Now work in pairs and try to frame acrostics for the following words., l H-O-M-E, l    , M-O-T-H-E-R l    , T-E-A-C-H-E-R, Activity : Make an acrostic of your name and show it to your friends., (fun with words), 2. Spoonerism, Spoonerism is a slip of the tongue. The first letters of two or more words get, interchanged in spoonerism., For example :, (1) Go and shake a tower. (Go and take a shower.), (2) I must mend the sail. (I must send the mail.), (4) You have very mad banners. (You have very bad manners.), Activity : Now try to make up Spoonerism of the following., (1) You missed my history lecture., (2) crushing blow, (3) pardon me madam, Activity : Now correct the following sentences., (1) Do you like to bead in red?, (2) I can fee my soot prints., (3) I caught a ban of soda., Activity : Visit a spoonerism link on Internet and collect examples of spoonerism, and display it in the class., , 73, , English 8th LL 20.12.2017 - 3 Apr 18 -NEW.indd 73, , 5/4/2018 6:46:42 PM

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3. A. Just one new word a day :, Write down the new word on a card., l Add the card to your collection of words at the proper place in, alphabetical order., l Look up the word in a dictionary and learn it., l You may talk about it to your teacher / friend / elders., l Try to use it in a sentence of your own., l Classify the words you have collected so far into:, - nouns (n.), - verbs (v.), - adjectives (adj.) and, - adverbs (adv.), l Put the appropriate short form against, each word., For example : ‘mainland’ (n.)., If the word does not belong to any of these four classes you need not, mark it., l, , B. A question a day :, l Frame or choose a simple question on your own. You should also , know the appropriate answer to it., l Practise using the question and answer with your friend., You must use a new question every day., , C. A sentence a day :, Frame a meaningful sentence in English on your own., Your sentence should include at least one word from your mother , tongue or any Indian language. For example : ‘I love pav-bhaji’. ‘A, Paithani is embroidered with golden thread.’ ‘You need two teams to, play kabaddi.’, l Translate the sentence from English into Marathi., l, , D. Better your work :, Think of / Make up a simile comparison on your own., For example : ‘as cold as ice’, ‘as hot as an iron’, ‘as soft as silk’,, as deep as a well’., Try to use the simile in a complete sentence., l, , 74, , English 8th LL 20.12.2017 - 3 Apr 18 -NEW.indd 74, , 5/4/2018 6:46:43 PM

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Live English, , My Word-buddy, (John and his friends appear for an examination of English. They have a discussion, about it.), John, : Hello friends! How did you fare in your exam?, Utkarsh : Hello John! Hi everyone! Friends, my exam was good, but I faced, , some problems in the unseen passage., Sidhanath : Mine was also good, but the same problem was faced by me, as, well., Pratima : I faced the problem of meaning of unknown words., John, : I could not even read some big words in the unseen passage., Sidhanath : Where can we get the solution to these problems ?, Hamid, : Don’t worry, we can find all solutions if we refer to a good dictionary., Prashik : But we didn’t bring dictionary with us. What can we do?, Hamid : Friends we can search for the meaning online or in off line dictionaries,, from Personal Computers and even from smart cell phones at home., Utkarsh : What a great idea, friends!, Hamid : Let us go and see the meaning, pronunciation and use of the , unknown words., All, : Thank you, Hamid!, (1) Work in pairs. Discuss the uses of dictionary., , Work, / W3 : k /, noun, 1. activity involving mental or physical effort, done in order to achieve a purpose or a result :, synonyms: labour, toil, slog, drudgery,, exertion, ........., antonyms: leisure, rest., 2., verb, 1. be engaged in physical or mental activity in, order to achieve a purpose or a result, especiall, in one’s job; do work., synonyms: toil, labour, exert oneself, slave, (away), keep at it, . . . more, antonyms: rest, play, , We use dictionary to......., Find the meanings of words., Find out the correct spelling of words., Find out how to pronounce or say words., Find out what part of speech a word is., Usage of the word., , (2) Find out the pronunciation and usage of any ten Irregular Verbs from, an online dictionary and share with your class., (3) Download an app of any good dictionary in your parents’ smart phone, and try to use it., 75

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4.1 The Vet, , Unit, Four, , WARMING UP !, , CHIT - CHAT, (1), (2), (3), (4), (5), , Where do we find all animals?, Do you have a pet?, How do we understand that animals are not feeling well?, Who gives medicine/treatment to the sick animals and birds?, How do we help animals and birds?, (1) Doctor who do special advanced study of specific parts of the , body have special terms., In your group try to match the specialist doctors with who / what, they treat., Specialists, , Who / What they treat, , 1., , Dentist, , a., , bone, , 2., , Cardiologist, , b., , brain/with spine, , 3., , Opthalamalogist, , c., , small kids, , 4., , Orthopedic, , d., , teeth, , 5., , Pediatrician, , e., , animals/birds, , 6., , Neurologist, , f., , eye, , 7., , Veterinarian, , g., , heart, , (1), , , , (5), , , , (2), , , , (3), , (6), , , , (7), , (4), , (2) Discuss in your group and write down the most important reason,, why Pediatrician and Veterinarians have, a tougher job to diagnose, their patients’ illnesses., 76, , English 8th LL 20.12.2017 - 3 Apr 18 -NEW.indd 76, , 5/4/2018 6:46:43 PM

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The Vet, l, , l, , To be a successful and competent vet,, Needs knowledge exceedingly wide,, For each of the patients he’s likely to get, Possesses a different inside., He must, Why, Why the, like silk,, Why, , know why the cat is refusing her milk,, the dog is not eating his bone,, coat of the horse is not shining , , u, , l, , exceedingly : very, much, , l, , a different inside :, different types of, size of organs inside, the body, , the parrot does nothing but groan;, l, , Why the ducks and the chickens are failing , to lay,, Why so faint the canary bird sings,, And if he is called to the zoo he must say, An incredible number of things., If, If, If the, If, If, If the, , the lion’s caught a cold,, the zebra’s getting old,, centipede has trouble with his feet,, the hippo’s feeling ill,, the bison’s got a chill,, Arctic fox is suffering from heat,, , If some virulent, Has attacked the, If the tortoise hasn’t, If the bear’s too, If the cobra eats, If the panther has a, , disease, chimpanzees,, stirred for several years,, full of buns,, her sons,, wife who chews his ears;, , If giraffes have had a tiff, And their necks are feeling stiff, , vet : short form of, veterinarian - a, doctor for animals, and birds., competent : having, very good knowledge, and abillity, Why is it so, difficult to be a, successful vet?, , u, , groan: a sound, of pain, What is wrong with, ducks and chickens?, , l, , incredible : , unbelievable, , l, , centipede : a small,, long thin creature, with many legs, , u, , l, , What are the opposite, illnesses of the lion, and the Arctic fox?, virulent : caused by, virus, , l, , stirred : moved, , l, , a tiff :, , u, , a quarrel, , Why have the giraffes, got stiff necks?, , 77, , English 8th LL 20.12.2017 - 3 Apr 18 -NEW.indd 77, , 5/4/2018 6:46:44 PM

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l, , keepers’ : zoo , keeper, , u, , Why does the poet, call the vet, ‘omniscient’?, , l, , cannibal : one who, eats human flesh, , l, , omniscient : one, who knows all and, everything, , l, , Profoundly :, greatly, deeply, , u, , What is the poet’s, advise to you? Do, you think he means, it?, , If hyenas will not laugh at keepers’ jokes,, If the monkey’s pinched his tail,, If the rhino’s looking pale,, If the elephant eats paper-bags and chokes,, If the camel-hurts his hump,, If the kangaroo won’t jump,, If the crocodile turns cannibal and bites,, They run away and get, That omniscient, the vet, And expect him to put everything to rights., Profoundly I pity the vet, who must learn, Such a very great deal for his pay;, My son, I advise you most strongly to earn, Your living an easier way., Don’t attempt to attend the zoological crowd;, a far more advisable plan, Is to call yourself ‘Doctor’, and so be allowed, To treat the illnesses of man., , English Workshop, 1. Write down the Rhyme scheme of stanzas 1 to 3 and the last two stanzas?, How does it differ in the remaining stanzas 4 to 7?, 2. Write any five illnesses of the animals in the poem, that you find most, amusing / laughable., (1), (2), (3), (4), (5), , 78, , English 8th LL 20.12.2017 - 3 Apr 18 -NEW.indd 78, , 5/4/2018 6:46:45 PM

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3., , (A) Out of all names of birds and animals given in the poem, pick out 4, names that are similar in English as well as in Hindi / Marathi or your, mother tongue., , (B) Translate the names of zoo animals given in the poem, into your , mother tongue., (1), (2), (3), (4), (5), (6), (7), (8), 4., , Think deeply and write. Is the poet really discouraging the youth from becoming, vets ? Explain your response., , 5., , Find out from a vet or from a website, what precautions does a vet have to, take when he / she is called to treat wild, dangerous animals?, Make point-wise notes of the same., , 79, , English 8th LL 20.12.2017 - 3 Apr 18 -NEW.indd 79, , 5/4/2018 6:46:45 PM

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4.2 P. V. Sindhu - An Icon of Success, WARMING UP !, CHIT - CHAT, (1), (2), (3), (4), (5), , Do you like to play / watch the games?, Which games do you like to play?, What are some of our local Indian games?, Who is your favourite sportsperson?, What games are played in Olympics?, , (1) Sports Equipment, Write the name of the game / sport near the sports equipment show below., , (2) Match the game with the place where it is played., A , B, (1) cricket , (a) ground, (2) badminton , (b) board, (3) golf (c) rink, (4) boxing , (d) course, (5) skating , (e) court, (6) carrom , (f) arena, , 80, , English 8th LL 20.12.2017 - 3 Apr 18 -NEW.indd 80, , 5/4/2018 6:46:47 PM

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l, , bagged : succeeded in, achieving something, , u, , Before wining the, silver medal in the, Rio Olympics in, 2016, what did she, win?, , u, , Name the two great, honours that Sindhu, has received., , l, , successive : one after, another, , l, , create history : set, a record, , l, , noteworthy :, remarkable, notable, , l, , endorsement :, confirmation, dedication and, commitment : constant,, faithful efforts, , l, , l, , attitude : a fixed way, of thinking or feeling, about something, , l, , never-say-die : never, give up hope, , The star player bagged silver in the women’s, singles at Iran Fajr International Badminton Challenge, in 2010 and found a place in the national team at, the 2010 Uber Cup., P. V. Sindhu’s Recent Recognitions, On 7 July 2012, Sindhu won Asia Youth, Under-19 Championship. Sindhu’s performance at, Malaysian open 2013 made her win the maiden, Grand Prix Gold title., The best moment in her career perhaps came, in the same year when she became India’s first, medalist in women’s singles at the Badminton World, Championships., P. V. Sindhu ended 2013 on a happy note by, winning Macau Open Grand Prix Gold title, and also, won the Arjun Award, one of the highest honours, for a sportsperson in the country. In 2014, she won, back-to-back medals in the World Badminton, Championship and became the first Indian to do that., In November, 2015, she bagged successive women’s, singles title at the Macau Open Grand Prix Gold., The year 2016 brought her another achievement, of winning the Malaysia Masters Grand Prix Gold, women’s singles title, where she defeated Scotland’s, Kirsty Gilmour in the final. In August, she reached, the semi-final of the women’s singles event at the, 2016 Summer Olympics, after defeating World No.2, Wang Yihan., Sindhu created history by reaching the finals, after beating Japan’s Nozomi Okuhara in the women’s, singles semi-final in the Rio Olympics. She won a, silver medal in the finals, while the gold was taken, by Spain’s Carolina Marin., Later, she defeated Carolina Marin and won 2017, India Open Superseries title., Noteworthy Honours, Among the other noteworthy honours that Sindhu, has received are the Padma Shri in 2015, which is, the fourth highest civilian award of India. In 2016,, she received the Rajiv Gandhi Khel Ratna Award., The best endorsement of Sindhu has been, Gopichand ’ s words about her dedication and, commitment to the sport: ‘‘The most striking feature, in Sindhu’s game is her attitude and the never-saydie spirit.’’, , 82, , English 8th LL 20.12.2017 - 3 Apr 18 -NEW.indd 82, , 5/4/2018 6:46:48 PM

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PV Sindhu has been pushing the envelope like no, young badminton player had done before in the history, of women’s badminton, in India., At an interview, Sindhu was asked how much, mentoring/guidance her father and mother had been, able to give her and how involved they were in her, sports career. In her own words,, “Guidance wise, every time I go for national level, tournaments, they accompany me there and when I, practise and play, they tell me what I’m doing. My dad, gives me a summary of how I play and it is very, helpful, because as outsiders those who look at it, know, more about the game. As badminton players, we, obviously, know a few things, but someone from the, outside can pinpoint stuff, that we may not have noticed, easily. So, both as counsellors and parents, it is really, helpful.”, In the same interview, a practical question was, asked – it’s not possible for a badminton player to win, week in and week out. As a top player, how did she, manage to just go to a tournament and psychologically, deal with an early loss? Did it hurt when she didn’t, win?, To this she replied, “If you don’t play well and, lose in the first round, second round, you feel bad,, especially if you’re one of the top players. But you need, to come out of it and practise harder and identify and, learn from your mistakes. I think, to come out of it, it, takes time. But ups and downs are always there, and, you need to cope with it.”, Hats off, to you, Sindhu, and wish you even greater, success!, , l, , pushing the, envelope : extend /, reach beyond what is, possible, , l, , mentoring : training,, advising, , u, , What difference do, her parents make,, when they attend her, tournaments?, week in and week, out : every week, without exception, , l, , l, , psychologically : , affecting mind and, emotions, , l, , come out of : suceed, in dealing with a, problem and defeat it, , u, , How can one come, out of failure or, loss, according to, Sindhu?, , l, , Hats off : a phrase, used to show , admiration, praise or, congratulate him / her, , English Workshop, 1. Complete the words by filling in the missing letters., (A) e hance, fe ture, l unch, not worthy, m ntor, iden ify., (B) Make as many three-letter and four-letter words from the word CONTEMPORARY., 2. Make sentences of your own using the following phrases / idioms., (a) to enhance further , , (d) push the envelope, , (b) to launch , , (e) week in and week out, , (c) to create history , , (f) to come out of, , 83, , English 8th LL 20.12.2017 - 3 Apr 18 -NEW.indd 83, , 5/4/2018 6:46:49 PM

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3. Prepare a profile (fact-file) of P.V. Sindhu using the following points., l Full Name :, l Date of Birth :, l, , Father :, , l, , Mother :, , l, , Native of :, , l, , Started Badminton at age :, , l, , 2nd coach :, , st, , l, , 1 coach :, , l, , 1st Major Achievement as Junior :, 1st International Win :, l Honours Received :, Greatest Win (in 2016) :, l Her Great Strength :, , l, l, , 4. Answer in short, in your own words., (1) What made Sindhu take up badminton at the age of eight ?, (2) What were Sindhu’s achievements till she was 14 years old?, (3) What history was created by P.V. Sindhu in 2016? What was her victory in, the following year?, (4) What are the positive character traits of P.V. Sindhu?, (5) What role do Sindhu’s parents play during her important matches?, (6) What message does Sindhu convey in the last paragraph?, 5. Imagine that P.V. Sindhu has recently won very important tournament at, International level. Frame an email on behalf of your school, to congratulate her., Use the proper email format., , Language Study, 1. Coordination : Observe the clauses in the following sentences., (1) He is intelligent and he is hardworking., (2) Asif was tired but he could not rest., (3) You can go for a walk or you can exercise at home., (4) Seema has recovered from fever, so she can attend school., Each of the above sentences have clauses which do not depend on each other for, complete sense. They are called Independant or Co-ordinate Clauses. They are joined by, conjunctions like and, but, or, so. Such conjunctions are called Co-ordinators., Other co-ordinators are : l as well as/ not only...... but also l yet / still / however /, nevertheles l or/ nor / else / either..... or / neither ..... nor l so / therefore / thus /, hence / for, 2. Pick out the Co-ordinate clauses and encircle the Co-ordinator., (1) She bagged a silver medal and she found a place in the national, team., (2) P.V. Sindhu is an ace shuttler but she was born to volleyball, players., (3) You must play well or you lose the first round of play., (4) My parents point out my flaws, so I can improve my game., 84, , English 8th LL 20.12.2017 - 3 Apr 18 - FREE DISTRIBUTUON.indd 84, , 5/4/2018 6:45:34 PM

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4.3 Golden Chain, WARMING UP !, CHIT - CHAT, (1), (2), (3), (4), (5), , Do you have an old friend?, What is needed for friendship to grow?, How do you feel if you don’t have any friend?, Why do we spend a lot of time in the company of friends?, Why do we share secrets, happiness and sorrows with our friends?, , (1) Write 5 points each about Do’s and Don’ts in ‘True Friendship’., , Help in times of trouble, , Do’s, , Allow you to copy answers during exams., , Don’ts, , (2) We have already learnt that when there occurs a comparison in the lines of, a poem, the Figure of Speech in that line is a Simile., For example : as bright as a star, tall just like a tree, However, if the comparison made in the line of a poem is indirectly understood, or suggested (implied) without using words (as, as, just like) and so on,, then the Figure of Speech is called a Metaphor., For example : Riya is the star of our class., Life is a game. Play it well., 85, , English 8th LL 20.12.2017 - 3 Apr 18 -NEW.indd 85, , 5/4/2018 6:46:49 PM

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Now say which of the following are the examples of Simile and which contain, Metaphor., (1) Twinkle Twinkle Little Star, like a Diamond in the sky., (2) The stormy sea, as dark as coal, (3) Old mighty tree, Your branches span the sky, (4) Time is money, (5) Like a caged bird sadly sings, (6) More than clouds, you are soft, (7) The Rose is the king of flowers., (3) When opposite ideas occur in the same line of the poem, the Figure of Speech, that occurs in that line is called Antithesis., For example :, , l, , Up and down the hill, they flew., , , , l, , Many are called, but few are chosen., , , , l, , The best of times, the worst of times., , 86, , English 8th LL 20.12.2017 - 3 Apr 18 -NEW.indd 86, , 5/4/2018 6:46:49 PM

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Golden Chain, Friendship is a Golden chain,, u, , To what two things is, friendship compared?, , l, , clasped : held tightly, , The links our friends so dear,, And like a rare and precious jewel, It’s treasured more each year…, It’s clasped together firmly, With a love that’s deep and true,, , u, , What holds friends, closely together?, , l, , recollections :, remembering the past, , l, , erase : wipe away, , And it’s rich with happy memories, And fond recollections, too…, Time can’t destroy its beauty, For as long as memory lives,, Years can’t erase the pleasure, That the joy of friendship gives…, u, , How long does true, friendship last?, , u, , Which possession is, more precious than, gold?, , l, , kindred : alike,, similar, , For friendship is a priceless gift, That can’t be bought or sold,, But to have an understanding friend, Is worth far more than gold…, And the golden chain of Friendship, Is a strong and blessed tie, Binding kindred hearts together, As the years go passing by., - Helen Steiner Rice, , 87, , English 8th LL 20.12.2017 - 3 Apr 18 -NEW.indd 87, , 5/4/2018 6:46:50 PM

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English Workshop, 1. Write the name of your closest true friend vertically and prepare an Acrostic, using every letter in the name. (Refer to ‘Word Play’ on page 73.), For example : Reliable , , , Inspiring , , , , Trustworthy , , , , Encouraging , , , , Supportive , , , , Hard-working , , 2. Tick the correct (a) before the correct statements., (a) Time can destroy the beauty of friendship. , (b) Friendship cannot be bought or sold. , (c) Friendship binds the hands together. , (d) Friendship is like a real rare and precious jewel., (e) Friendship has more value than gold. , 3. Read the poem and complete the web., , ip, Friendsh, red, is compa, to, , 4. Say WHY friendship is compared to the following., (a) a golden chain., (b) a precious jewel, (c) a priceless gift., 88, , English 8th LL 20.12.2017 - 3 Apr 18 -NEW.indd 88, , 5/4/2018 6:46:50 PM

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5. Refer to the poem and write down 5 reasons, why ‘Friendship’ is the best gift, anyone can give you., (1) It grows more precious as each year passes., (2), (3), (4), (5), (6), 6. Write the words that go with the following., (1), jewel, (2), hearts, (3), memories, (4), gift, (5), tie, (6), friend, 7. Match the lines with the Figures of Speech they contain., (You may also refer to ‘Word Play’ on page no 74 for help.), , A, (1), (2), (3), (4), (5), , Friendship is a Golden chain, That can’t be bought or sold, And like a rare and precious jewel, For as long as memory lives, For friendship is a priceless gift, , B, (a), (b), (c), (d), (e), , Simile, Metaphor, Metaphor, Antithesis, Alliteration, , 8. Think on your own and say why true friendship can be compared to the following., (1) An Evergreen Forest, (2) An Ever-flowing River, (3) A Rainbow after heavy rains, 9. Think and develop a story that leads to the conclusion-‘A friend in need, is a, friend indeed’., , 89, , English 8th LL 20.12.2017 - 3 Apr 18 - FREE DISTRIBUTUON.indd 89, , 5/4/2018 6:45:35 PM

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4.4 The Unsinkable Ship, WARMING UP !, CHIT - CHAT, (1), (2), (3), (4), (5), , Have you heard/read about natural calamity ?, What are the different possibilities in a long journey?, Do you know the sea voyages?, How is the journey in the sea different from the other?, Why should we have alternatives in the journey?, , (1) Read the lines given below. Imagine yourself in the situation and answer the, questions, based on your imagination., After the games-practice, my friends and I were hungry. We decided to go to a, snacks-outlet on the 3rd floor in a huge six-storeyed mall, on the way. Just as we, paid our bill and were about to leave, there was a ear-shattering blast. A loud, explosion on the first floor., l, , What was your first reaction ?, , , l, , How did the public panic?, , l, , What did some alert, sensible people do?, , l, , What was the damage and danger?, , l, , Who came to the rescue?, , l, , How many were injured and killed?, , l, , What effect did the instance leave on your mind?, , (2) (A) The word ‘Unsinkable’ has a prefix as well as suffix. The root (base), word is ‘sink’., Give the root words of the following., (1) uncomfortable, (2) unhappiness, (3) insecurity, (4) inaccuracy, 90, , English 8th LL 20.12.2017 - 3 Apr 18 -NEW.indd 90, , 5/4/2018 6:46:50 PM

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(5) independence, (6) emailer, (7) unloosen, (8) disability, (9) disappearance, (10) unfriendly, (11) interactive, (12) misunderstanding, (B) Write 2 words each with the following prefixes., , (i) anti, , (ii) dis, , (iii) non, , (iv) re, (C) Write 2 words each with the following suffixes., , (i) ful, , (ii) ous, , (iii) less, , (iv) ly, , 91, , English 8th LL 20.12.2017 - 3 Apr 18 -NEW.indd 91, , 5/4/2018 6:46:50 PM

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The Unsinkable Ship, , u, , Why was the Titanic, so called?, , u, , What facilities were, available on the, ship?, , On 10 April 1912, the largest luxury ship in the, world set sail from Southampton in England to New, York. She was called the Titanic. The word ‘titanic’, means ‘huge’. This was her maiden voyage, that is her, first voyage. She set out to cross the Atlantic Ocean, and she carried more than two thousand passengers., The Titanic was like a floating town., Everyone called the Titanic the finest ship in the, world. Everyone was proud of her. She was as tall as, a building with fifteen storeys. Inside, she was like a, large hotel with grand staircases, dining-rooms, shops, and swimming pools., Everyone thought that the Titanic could never sink., They called her the unsinkable ship. The ship’s builders, were so sure of this, that they put only a few life-boats, on the ship., The journey was very comfortable. The passengers, were proud because they were travelling in the best, ship in the world. They felt safe., , l, , iceberg : a very large, mass of ice floating, in the sea., , u, , What made the, man turn cold with, fright?, , l, , to steer : to turn, , l, , scraped : scratched, deep against a rough, surface, , u, , What was the damage, caused to the ship?, , Then came the night of 14 April. The sky was, clear and the sea was calm. Many of the passengers, were asleep. Captain Smith knew that there were, icebergs nearby, so he told a man to keep a watch, from the top of the ship. Suddenly at 11.40 p.m. the, man saw something. He grew cold with fear. A huge, iceberg stood right in the path of the Titanic. ICEBERGE!, He yelled., Captain Smith fought hard to steer the Titanic, away from the iceberg, but the ship changed direction, slowly and her side scraped the mountain of ice. A, shower of ice fell on to the decks and the iceberg cut, holes along the ship’s side. Water began to pour into, the lower decks. Most passengers heard nothing and, slept on., Captain Smith and his crew could not stop the, water flooding through the ship. They knew the Titanic, was in great danger. The unsinkable ship was sinking., At 12.15 a.m., Captain Smith sent urgent messages on, the ship’s radio asking for help. ‘HELP!’ TITANIC, SINKING! COME QUICKLY! Then he ordered the crew, , 92, , English 8th LL 20.12.2017 - 3 Apr 18 -NEW.indd 92, , 5/4/2018 6:46:51 PM

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to wake all the passengers up., A ship called ‘The California’ was only twenty, miles away, but she did not receive Titanic’s messages., Her radio was turned off and the radio operator was, asleep., Another ship called the ‘Carpathia’ heard the, Titanic’s calls and sailed at full speed towards her., Unfortunately, the Carpathia was far away and she, took over three hours to reach the Titanic., Meanwhile, the Titanic was sinking rapidly. The, crew lowered the life-boats into the sea, but there was, only enough space in the boat for a few hundred, passengers. The Titanic had more than two thousand, people on board. The ship began to tilt into the sea., People began to jump from the decks into the ice-cold, water., , u, , Why were the, passengers in grave, danger?, , l, , tilt : move in a sloping,, bent position., , u, , Why could ‘Carpathia’, not do much to save, more lives?, , With its lights still shining, the Titanic stood upright, for a few minutes. Then, at 2.20 a.m., on 15 April,, she vanished into the sea. About fifteen hundred people, drowned. Captain Smith and most of his crew went, down with the ship., The Carpathia arrived at 3.40 a.m. The ship’s crew, found the life-boats and saved seven hundred people in, them. They also found chairs and pieces of wood, floating on the water. But almost all of the people in, the water had drowned or died of cold. The Carpathia, was too late to save them., The sinking of the Titanic made people think harder, about the safety of passengers on ships. They asked, why ships carry such few life-boats and why they turn, off their radios. In 1913, it was decided that all ships, must have enough room in their life-boats to carry, everyone on board. It was also decided that ships must, keep their radios working every hour of the day and, night., , u, , u, , What two, compulsions were, laid down for all, ships, in 1913?, , How far had the, Titanic sunk?, , In 1985, scientists sent a submarine to look for the, wreck of the Titanic. They found the ship lying in two, pieces on the ocean floor, at a depth of around 4000, metres (13,000 feet). Later, they took photographs of, the wreck and brought small parts of it to the surface, of the water., , 93, , English 8th LL 20.12.2017 - 3 Apr 18 -NEW.indd 93, , 5/4/2018 6:46:51 PM

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There are many stories of bravery on that terrible night in April 1912. In, 1998, the director James Cameron made a famous film of the Titanic’s maiden, voyage. It is a very sad film. Almost everyone who sees the film leaves the, cinema in tears., , English Workshop, 1. (A) Find any 6 words from the text that have suffixes. Underline the suffix, in each of them., (a), , (b), , (c), , (d), , (e), , (f), , (B) Two words may combine to form a new word with a changed meaning., Such words are called Compound words in English., For example : every + thing = everything, Some of them have a hyphen., , For example : life-skills, , Find 4 or 5 compound words from the text., 2. (A) Read the text and answer., (a) What does the word ‘Titanic’ mean?, (b) How many passengers did Titanic carry?, (c) Why were the passengers on Titanic, proud?, (d) Why did people call ‘Titanic’ an unsinkable ship? , (e) What did Carpathia’s crew find?, (f) Who was the director of the film based on the Titanic’s maiden voyage?, (g) Where did the scientists find Titanic?, (B) Discuss in groups of four and find out., (a) Reasons for the sinking of Titanic., (b) Effects of of the sinking of Titanic., 3. Read and find words related to sea and arrange them alphabetically., 4. (A) She was as tall as a building with fifteen storeys., Here She (the Titanic) is compared with a building of fifteen storeys. You, know that when a comparison is made between two objects of different kinds, it is called Simile. A Simile is introduced by the word ‘as.........as or like’., Frame five of your own sentences using the construction ……….. as……..as………, Write them down in your notebook., (B) The Carpathia was too late to save them. Write three sentences of your, own using the following construction ........ too ....... to, , 94, , English 8th LL 20.12.2017 - 3 Apr 18 -NEW.indd 94, , 5/4/2018 6:46:51 PM

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5. Read again from 5th paragraph (Then came the night of 14 April .................. ), upto 12 th paragraph (The Carpathia was too late to save them), l, , Mark the most important points., , l, , Using the points make a summary of the incident in your own words, using, short simple sentences., , l, , Write out the summary in 12 to 15 lines., , Language Study, 1. The Sentences can be classified into three types - Simple, Complex and Compound., l, , A Simple Sentence is one that has only one Subject and one Predicate. It has, only one Finite verb., , For example : She went home., , l, , In the morning, near my school I saw a snake., , A Complex Sentence consists of one Main Clause and one or more Dependant, or Subordinate Clauses., , For example : She went home, after school was over., , l, , The boys found the book which had been lost., , A Compound Sentence consists of two or more Independant or Co-ordinate, Clauses. They are joined by Co-ordinators (For example : and, but, so, or, nor, etc.), , , , For eample : He finished his work and he left his office., , , , He is poor but he is honest., , 2. Say whether the following are Simple, Complex or Compound Sentences., (1) They felt safe., (2) Captain Smith knew that there were icebergs nearby., (3) He fought hard to steer, but the ship changed direction slowly., (4) Most passengers heard nothing and they slept on., (5) The crew lowered the life-boats., (6) They asked them why ships carry such few life-boats., 3. Find from the text two examples each of Simple, Complex and, Compound Sentences., , 95, , English 8th LL 20.12.2017 - 3 Apr 18 -NEW.indd 95, , 5/4/2018 6:46:51 PM

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4.5 Festivals of North East India, WARMING UP !, CHIT - CHAT, (1), (2), (3), (4), (5), , Do you like to celebrate festivals?, Why do you enjoy fairs and festivals?, What are the different festivals celebrated in our State?, Do you know festivals which are celebrated in other States?, What is the relation between seasons and festivals?, , (1) Read the names of the festivals celebrated in our country. , Discuss in your group and write down why they are celebrated., (1) Diwali, (2) Holi, (3) Ramzan, (4) Dussehra, (5) Christmas, (6) Makar Sankranti/Pongal, , (2) Write down any five features that are common to all festival celebrations., (1), (2), (3), (4), (5), , 96, , English 8th LL 20.12.2017 - 3 Apr 18 -NEW.indd 96, , 5/4/2018 6:46:51 PM

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3. Frame words related to the following topics as per instructions., , celebrate, , Festivals, (Related Verbs), , loud, , Music, (Related, Adjectives), , steps, , Dance, (Related, Nouns), , 97, , English 8th LL 20.12.2017 - 3 Apr 18 -NEW.indd 97, , 5/4/2018 6:46:51 PM

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Festivals of North East India, Read about how different festivals are celebrated, in the north-eastern States of India., l, , diverse : of great, variety, , l, , unique : one of its, kind, matchless, , l, , lush : rich, , u, , On what occasion are, the three sets of Bihu, festival celebrated?, , l, , brisk : quick, , l, , handed down : , passed on to a later, generation, , u, , How is Losar, celebrated?, , l, , discard : get rid of, , l, , revive : refresh and, energize, , l, , sumptuous : very, grand, , u, , Who celebrate the, Ningol Chakouba, festival., , The North east region of India, consisting of seven, States, is a place of diverse cultures. The different, communities and tribes celebrate their unique festivals, with great enthusiasm and joy. Many of their festivals, are based on agriculture and no celebration is complete, without the traditional music and dance., Blessed with lush greenery and the mighty river, Brahmaputra, the people of Assam have a lot to, celebrate. So Bihu is the chief festival of this State. It, is celebrated by people of all religions, castes or tribes., The three different sets of Bihu mark the beginning, of the harvesting season, the completion of sowing and, the end of the harvest season., The Bihu dance is a joyous one performed by both, young men and women and is noted for its brisk steps, and hand movement. Unusual instruments provide, traditional music for the dance – the dhol which is, similar to a drum, the pepa, a wind instrument made, from a buffalo horn, cymbals and a bamboo clapper., The songs have been handed down through many, generations. Bihu competitions held all over Assam, attract visitors and locals alike in large numbers., Living further north in the mountainous region of, the Himalayas, Arunachal Pradesh finds a mention in, the ancient literature of the Puranas and the Mahabharata., Nature has provided the people of this region with a, deep feeling for beauty which can be seen in their, festivities, songs and dances., The new year festival, called Losar is perhaps the, most important festival in certain areas of Arunachal., On this occasion, people clean out their homes to bring, in the new year and to discard the old., A charming festival of Manipur-Ningol Chakoubabinds and revives the relationship between married girls, and their parents. The women and their children are, given a sumptuous feast and gifts. During Cheiraoba,, the Manipur new year festival in April, people clean, , 98, , English 8th LL 20.12.2017 - 3 Apr 18 -NEW.indd 98, , 5/4/2018 6:46:52 PM

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and decorate their houses and prepare special festive, dishes. As part of the ritual, the villagers climb the, nearest hilltops for they believe that this will help, them rise to a higher plane in this life., The Spring Festival or Chapchar Kut is an, important occasion, mostly celebrated in Mizoram. Men, and women of all ages, wearing traditional dresses, and headgear, perform folk dances and sing traditional, songs on this occasion. Drums, gongs and cymbals, add to the festive air!, Wangala or the hundred-drum festival is the most, important festival celebrated by the Garos in the, villages of Meghalaya. This harvest festival is, celebrated to mark the end of a period of hard work,, which naturally brings a good harvest. The dance, performed during the festival has two parallel lines, - one of men and the other of women, clad in their, festive costumes. While the men beat the drums, the, lines of dancers move forward together in a rhythmic, manner., The main feature of festivals in Tripura is that, all the people join in the celebrations. Many of the, dances performed during some of the festivities, represent hunting, fishing, food-gathering and various, other activities. Some of the festivals attract people, from all over India., Nagaland consists of different groups of people, who are unique in their customs and traditions and, the festivities they celebrate. Songs and dances form, the soul of these festivals through which their oral, history is passed down. A major festival is Moastu, celebrated mainly in the villages after the sowing, season. Dressed in colourful clothes and headgear, decorated with feathers and wild boar tusks, the, villagers dance to traditional music., Hardly a month passes in any of the seven States, without a festival or two. Most of them have a religious, importance or significance, as the people offer thanks, to the gods for a good harvest to prosperity, or ask, for protection against calamities. But these celebrations, also help to encourage cultural and artistic activities, and bring out the natural talent of the people., , l, , headgear : what is, worn on the head, , u, , How do the villagers, dance during the, Wangala festival?, , u, , What do the dances, in Tripura festivals, stand for?, , u, , When is Moastu, celebrated?, , u, , Why are festivals so, important in the, seven-sister States of, north-east India?, , l, , calamities : disasters, , l, , bring out : to , develop and present, to public, , 99, , English 8th LL 20.12.2017 - 3 Apr 18 -NEW.indd 99, , 5/4/2018 6:46:52 PM

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English Workshop, 1. Insert the proper words / phrases in the gaps to make the narration, meaningful. Use them in their proper form., (discard, revive, diverse. handed down, bring out, sumptuous.), While shopping I suddenly met Lata Shankaran. Meeting my classmate after, twenty years, our friendship. We spoke on, topics, of our past,, present and future. We realized that we could not, old school memories., She showed me a beautiful ring, from her great grand mother. We, discussed about how we should, the best from our own children. Before, we parted, we decided to meet again, that night and have a, dinner at a, five star hotel along with our families., 2. Correct the wrongly spelt words from the lesson and make a word chain of, nouns, with them., (1), (2), (3), (4), (5), (6), (7), (8), , mannor , saeson, natere , dram , lacals , festivel, erd , retual, , Word chain : Festival - l - - - - 3. Read the lesson and fill up the table., State, , Chief festival, , Reasons for, celebrating, , Ways of, celebrating, , Assam, Arunachal Pradesh, Manipur, Mizoram, Meghalaya, Tripura, Nagaland, , 100, , English 8th LL 20.12.2017 - 3 Apr 18 -NEW.indd 100, , 5/4/2018 6:46:52 PM

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4. Choose the appropriate alternatives to complete the following., (1) Every festival of North-East India is incomplete without, , , (a) food and sweets, , , , (b) dance and music, , , , (c) lights and crackers, , (2) People of, , are true lovers of nature and its beauty., , , , (a) Assam, , , , (b) Mizoram, , , , (c) Arunachal Pradesh, , (3) The, agriculture., , festival is celebrated three times a year to mark the stages of, , , , (a) Bihu, , , , (b) Chapchar Kut, , , , (c) Wangala, , (4) In Tripura, the festivities represent, , , (1) preparing special dishes, , , , (2) reaching greater heights, , , , (3) hunting, fishing, food-gathering, , (5) An additional advantage of the festive celebrations is, , , (a) listening to festive music, , , , (b) bringing out the natural talent of the people, , , , (c) getting a holiday from work, , 5. Pick out the Adjective forms of the following words from the lesson., (a) diversity :, , (d) variety :, , , , (b) festival :, , (e) tradition :, , , , (c) joy :, , (f) mountain :, , A., , B. Pick out the Noun forms of the following words from the lesson., , , (a) complete :, , (d) rhythmic :, , , , (b) move :, , (e) prosper :, , , , (c) live :, , (f) green :, , C. The 3 words below can be used in sentences as Nouns as well as Verbs., Make sentences of your own, that show the different usage., , , End (Noun), , , , end (Verb), 101, , English 8th LL 20.12.2017 - 3 Apr 18 -NEW.indd 101, , 5/4/2018 6:46:52 PM

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dance (Noun), , , , dance (Verb), , , , harvest (Noun), , , , harvest (Verb), , 6. Imagine you are a News reporter visiting Assam / Manipur. Compose a, dialogue between you and a village headman seeking information about the, celebration of festivals., Use the following steps., l, , Greeting/skillful introduction of the topic/ 5 to 6 sets of dialogue about the, topic/ conclusion/ good-bye greeting., , Write the above in your notebook. You may even use additional information, from the internet or from some book., , Language Study, , l, , Change the form of the sentences below as per instructions, without changing, meaning or Tense., , (1) The people offer thanks to the Gods. (Rewrite using present continuous, tense.), (2) Hardly a month passes, without a festival or two., (Rewrite using ‘No’ in the sentence.), (3) The Spring Festival is an important occasion,, , ?, , (Add a Question Tag.), (4) The Bihu dance is performed by both young men and women., (Rewrite using ‘as well as’.), (5) The Bihu dance is a very joyous one., (Rewrite as an Exclamatory Sentence.), (6) Read about how different festivals are celebrated., (Frame wh-question to get the underlined answer.), , 102, , English 8th LL 20.12.2017 - 3 Apr 18 -NEW.indd 102, , 5/4/2018 6:46:52 PM

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English 8th LL 20.12.2017 - 3 Apr 18 -NEW.indd 103, , (optional), , Fri, 16 Feb, , Return Date:, , City Name, , To:, , Proceed, , Passenger Details, , Contact Details, , ProceedProceed, to payto Pay, , (Your ticket will be sent to these details), , Female, , Total Amount:, , Phone:, , F-mail:, , Age:, , Male, , Name:, , Step - III, , Step - III, , Dropping:, , Boarding:, , Step - II, , Search Buses, , Online Bus Ticket Booking, , Select your Boarding/ Dropping Point, , Fri, 15 Feb, , Onward Date:, , City Name, , From:, , Step - I, , (1) Work in groups. Discuss steps of online booking., , Name, , Type Here, , Sign up, , All Class, , Class:, , Age, , City Name, , To:, , To:, Upto:, M/F, , Train Name:, , PNR Status, , Step - II, , Step - I, , Proceed to pay, , Concession(if any), , Step - III, , Search Trains, , Book Train Tickets Online, , Type in the box below:, , Contact No:, , Login, Forgot Password, , Return/ Onward Journey, , 1., 2., 3., 4., 5., 6., , From:, Boarding at:, , Train No:, Date of Journey:, , Fri, 15 Feb, , Choose Date:, , City Name, , From:, , Book Train, , Password, , User ID, , Login, , (Harshita and Raju plan to visit Ajanta and Ellora caves and some historical places at Aurangabad. They ask their parents if, they can book their own tickets, online. So they go to their friend David, who is able to book tickets online. He helps them to, book the tickets.), , It’s My Journey, , Live English, , 103, , 5/4/2018 6:46:53 PM

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104, , English 8th LL 20.12.2017 - 3 Apr 18 -NEW.indd 104, , 5/4/2018 6:46:53 PM, , - What type of buses can I book a ticket for?, - What are the specifications of a Volvo,, Sleeper and Semi Sleeper buses?, v Registration Information, - Do I need to register before booking a bus ticket?, - What are the benefits of registering on, journey.com?, v Booking Information, - How can I book a bus ticket?, - Can I book a return bus ticket?, - I don’t have internet access. Can I, still book a bus ticket?, - How will I receive my bus ticket?, - Can I reserve my seat on the bus when booking, my bus ticket? , - How do I know the seating plan in a bus?, v Ticket Information, - Can I board the bus without a printout, of my e-ticket?, - Do I need to present any identification while, boarding the bus?, , v General, , v Payment Information, - How can I pay for my bus ticket?, - Can I pay for someone else’s bus ticket?, v Boarding Information, - Where do I board my bus from?, v Cancellation Information, - Can I cancel my bus ticket?, - Is there a cancellation fee?, - I have purchased 6 bus tickets but would like to , cancel 2 bus tickets. Can I do that?, v Refund Information, - How and when will my refund be processed on a, cancelled bus ticket?, - If I miss my bus, am I eligible for a refund?, - What are the other cases when I am eligible for a, refund?, v Travel Information, - Can I modify my bus ticket booking?, - Can someone else travel on my bus ticket?, - How much luggage can I take on the bus?, , (2) Work in pair and write down the answers of the following questions. Share with the class., , Frequently Asked Questions. (FAQ)

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MAHARASHTRA STATE BUREAU OF TEXTBOOK PRODUCTION, AND CURRICULUM RESEARCH, PUNE., , 48.00