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Quarter 3 – Module 6, Literature, , Department of Education ● Republic of the Philippines
Page 2 : English - Grade 8, Alternative Delivery Mode, Quarter 3 –Module 6: Literature, First Edition, 2020, Republic Act 8293, section 176 states that: No copyright shall subsist in any, work of the Government of the Philippines. However, prior approval of the, government agency or office wherein the work is created shall be necessary for, exploitation of such work for profit. Such agency or office may, among other things,, impose as a condition the payment of royalty., Borrowed materials (i.e., songs, stories, poems, pictures, photos, brand, names, trademarks, etc.) included in this book are owned by their respective, copyright holders. Every effort has been exerted to locate and seek permission to, use these materials from their respective copyright owners. The publisher and, authors do not represent nor claim ownership over them., Published by the Department of Education – Division of Gingoog City, Division Superintendent: Jesnar Dems S. Torres, PhD, CESO VI, Development Team of the Module, Author/s:, , Elena S. Javien; Christopher O. Risonar, , Reviewer:, , Levie D. Llemit, PhD; Rolan B. Acido; Hilrem L. Bayucot, , Illustrator:, , Raul A. Mabilen, , Layout Artist:, , Elena S. Jabien, , Management Team, Chairperson:, , Jesnar Dems S. Torres, PhD, CESO VI, Schools Division Superintendent, , Co-Chairpersons:, , Conniebel C.Nistal ,PhD, OIC-Assistant Schools Division Superintendent, , Members, Levie D. Llemit, PhD – EPS-I English, Leah L. Tacandong – Instructional Supervisor, Himaya B. Sinatao, LRMS Manager, Jay Michael A. Calipusan, PDO II, Mercy M. Caharian, Librarian II, , Printed in the Philippines by, Department of Education – Division of Gingoog City, Office Address:, Brgy.23,National Highway,Gingoog City, Telefax:, 088 328 0108/ 088328 0118, E-mail Address:,
[email protected], , 1
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Lesson, , 1, , Identifying, Literary, Genres, Contributed by Southeast Asian, Writers, , gni, ni, , What I Need to Know, Genres of literature are important to learn about. The two main categories, separating the different genres of literature are fiction and nonfiction. Genres are not, wholly fixed categories of writing, but their content evolves according to social and cultural, contexts and contemporary questions of morals and norms. In this lesson, the students are, expected to:, •, , identify the notable literary genres contributed by Southeast Asian writers, specifically Myanmar (Burma) and Philippines., , What’s New, Task 1 GREAT NAMES TO NAMES:, Directions: Read about these writers and be ready to name each one. Write the name, of the writer in the space provided., , Ludu U Hla, , James Hla Kyaw, , https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ludu_U_Hla, , https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/James_Hla_Kyaw, , Francisco Baltazar, , José Rizal, , https://www.poemhunter.com/franciscobaltaza, r/biography, , 2, , https://www.google.com/searchLifeandworksof, JoseRizal
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1. He was a prominent Filipino poet, and is widely considered as the Tagalog equivalent, of William Shakespeare for his impact on Filipino literature. The famous epic,, Florante at Laura, is regarded as his defining work., Answer:___________________________________________________________________________, 2. A pioneer Burmese novelist and author of the first Burmese novel titled Maung Yin, Maung, Ma Me Ma. Burmese novels had existed before but they were written in, verse not in prose. Most of these novels were based on Buddhism, myth and legend, and history of Burma; therefore there were no novels that were based on everyday, lives like Maung Yin Maung, Ma Me Ma., Answer:_____________________________________________________________, 3. He is widely considered one of the greatest heroes of the Philippines and has been, recommended to be so honored by an officially empaneled National Heroes, Committee. However, no law, executive order or proclamation has been enacted or, issued officially proclaiming any Filipino historical figure as a national hero.[9] He was, the author of the novels Noli Me Tángere and El filibusterismo, and a number of, poems and essays., Answer:, ______________________________________________________________________________________________________, , 4. He was a Burmese journalist, publisher, chronicler, folklorist and social reformer, whose, prolific, writings, include, a, considerable, number, of, pathbreaking nonfiction works. A library of 43 volumes of folk tales, a total of 1597 stories,, that he collected between 1962 and 1977 from most of the ethnic minorities of Burma, was a truly Herculean undertaking. Many of these have been translated into several, languages.[3] There are 5 other volumes of folktales from around the world to his, credit., , What Is It?, Literary genre refers to a style or category of literary composition. Genre means, a type of art, literature, or music characterized by a specific form, content, and style., For example, literature has four main genres: poetry, drama, fiction, and non-fiction. All, of these genres have particular features and functions that distinguish them from one, another. Hence, it is necessary on the part of readers to know which category of genre, they are reading in order to understand the message it conveys, as they may have, certain expectations prior to the reading concerned., , Types of Genre, There are five types of genres in literature, which include:, ➢ Poetry, Poetry is the first major literary genre. All types of poetry share specific, characteristics. In fact, poetry is a form of text that follows a meter and rhythm, with each, line and syllable. It is further subdivided into different genres, such an epic poem,, narrative, romantic, dramatic, and lyric. Dramatic poetry includes melodrama, tragedy,, and comedy, while other poems includes ode, sonnet, elegy, ballad, song, and epic., 3
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Popular examples of epic poems include Paradise Lost, by John Milton, The, Iliad and The Odyssey, by Homer. Examples of romantic poems include Red Red, Rose, by Robert Burns. All these poetic forms share specific features, such as they do, not follow paragraphs or sentences; they use stanzas and lines instead. Some forms, follow very strict rules of length, and number of stanzas and lines, such as villanelle,, sonnet, and haiku. Others may be free-form, like Feelings, Now, by Katherine Foreman,, which is devoid of any regular meter and rhyme scheme. Besides that, often poetry uses, figurative language, such as metaphor, simile, onomatopoeia, hyperbole, and alliteration, to create heightened effect., ➢ Prose, This type of written text is different from poetry in that it has complete sentences, organized into paragraphs. Unlike poetry, prose focuses on characters and plot, rather, than focusing on sounds. It includes short stories and novels, while fiction and non-fiction, are its sub genres. Prose is further categorized into essays, speeches, sermons, and, interpretations., ➢ Drama, Drama is a form of text that is performed in front of an audience. It is also called a, play. Its written text contains dialogues, and stage directions. This genre has further, categories such as comedy, tragedy, and tragicomedy. William Shakespeare is known as, the father of English drama. His well-known plays include Taming of the Shrew, Romeo, & Juliet, and Hamlet. Greek playwrights were the pioneers in this field, such as, Sophocles’ masterpiece Oedipus Rex, and Antigone, while modern dramas include, Death of a Salesman, by Arthur Miller., ➢ Fiction, Fiction has three categories that are, realistic, non-realistic, and semi-fiction. Usually,, fiction work is not real and therefore, authors can use complex figurative language to, touch readers’ imaginations. Unlike poetry, it is more structured, follows proper, grammatical pattern, and correct mechanics. A fictional work may incorporate fantastical, and imaginary ideas from everyday life. It comprises some important elements such as, plot, exposition, foreshadowing, rising action, climax, falling action, and resolution., Popular examples of literary fiction include, James Joyce’s novel A Portrait of an Artist, as a Young Man, Charles Dickens’ A Tale of Two Cities, Jane Austen’s Pride and, Prejudice, and Harper Lee’s To Kill a Mockingbird., ➢ Non-Fiction, Non-fiction is a vast category that also has sub-genres; it could be creative like a, personal essay, or factual, like a scientific paper. It may also use figurative language,, however, not unlike poetry, or fiction has. Sometimes, non-fiction may tell a story, like an, autobiography, or sometimes it may convey information to readers., Other examples of non-fiction include biographies, diaries, memoirs, journals,, fantasies, mysteries, and romances. A popular example of non-fiction genre is Michael, Pollan’s highly celebrated book, The Omnivore’s Dilemma: A Natural History of Four, Meals, which is an account of the eating habits of Americans., , 4
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What’s More, Appreciating Poetry., , Silvery Beach, Nu Yin, Once, For relations, I visited this place., , Beyond the edge of cliff, While I was seeking shelter, I thought of the cliffs, And our lives., , Alone, On this silvery beach, Beside the cliffs, I walked in tonight., I gazed at the endless sea, And I pondered., , Though these dreadful waves, Could sometimes overleap,, They could not overwhelm cliffs., “Similarly in one’s existence, Though violent minds, Like rough winds, May be attacking you,, If one practices patience, One can have tranquility in one’s, heart.”, , Gazing at the sapphire and green, sea, I felt calm., I did not tire of staring at the, waves coming toward the beach, Like crumbling mountains, With terrific sound, Like wanting to devour and, swallow,, Being alone, I felt scared, And took shelter from this tide and, rough wind, , While taking shelter behind a cliff, This thought came to me., Source: Burmese Poems Through, the Ages. Trans., The Most Rev. Friedrich V. Lutig, , Task 2. Identifying Figurative Language and Mood, Figurative language is a way of using words in different and unusual words to, make a strong point. One type of figurative language occurs when poets compare two, things that are very different. In the passage above, the poet compares the waves to a, crumbling mountain. The word crumbling creates the image of having the ability to, destroy or destruct (destroying or destructive). By using figurative language, she forcefully, makes the point that the waves were like destructive mountains., _____1. In this passage the poet describes the “violent minds like rough winds”. What, point is she making about violent minds?, A. She emphasizes that violent minds can cause trouble or can bring danger., B. She emphasizes that violent minds are cautious and careful., C. She compares violent minds to an intelligent person., D. She compares rough winds to witty minds., Mood is said to be an emotional or emotional-intellectual attitude which the author, takes toward his subject or theme. Reread the poem and answer the question below., 2. What does the title suggest? Does it establish the mood of the poem?, , 5
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❖ Expressing Appreciation of an Essay, , As you recall, an essay is a short piece of nonfiction writing in which a, writer gives his or her opinion on one subject. Informal or personal essays, reflect a writer’s feelings about the topic., , There’s a Teenager in the House, Kerima Polotan Tuvera, There’s a teenager in my house. Until a few years ago, he was my son. But, when he turned thirteen, he became also this tall stranger with new pimples around, his nose and insolence in his manner., For nearly two years, there’s been an undeclared war between him and me., He wins the skirmishes but he loses the battles. He may get his way every now and, then, but he knows that I make the big decisions. I am always tempted to punish him,, and I am sure that he thought of fighting back. We are suddenly to each other two, people we don’t like very much. He has ideas that shock me and I have standards, that appall him., Once or twice, we manage to rediscover each other. After a hundred, arguments over why he should roll up his bedding and pick up his soiled clothes, and, study his lessons, this teenager and I look into each other’s eyes. I search for the, baby I woke for each dawn for thirteen years ago. I do not know what he looks for in, my face but he finds it there because he smiles. The anger vanishes between us, although the issue is not solved. Strewn on the floor each morning will be his, bedding. Close by, like the molting of a snake, are the algebra lessons undone, the, comic books well-thumbed, the messy bathroom, the weeping young sisters, and the, unwatered lawn…., When I surprised him in his room, I find him staring at the ceiling,, daydreaming. I am reality. I am the enemy with my many dos and don’t’s., Sometimes, I feel he and I will never reach each other again. Surely, he may not, understand me till he’s a father himself and stands where I do now., He says he will never marry, which is typically thirteen’s. He says when he, grows up he will get a good job. Then he will buy a fast car, and take all the pretty, girls riding. He goes to school which is not a rich man’s son’s school, and not a poor, man’s either. He was doing better last year at his studies, passing by the skin of his, teeth. I am not too sure he will pass this year, not even if he has two sets of teeth., He barely opens his textbooks. He reads adventures, detective stories,, aviation magazines- but he reads, thank God! He can sit for hours before the idiot, box, the TV, mesmerized by even the most stupid programs. He needs a pair of, shoes and school pants badly, but he wants me to buy him a set of drums (only, P300). He will master them, he says. To convince me, he goes about with a pair of, sticks topping out some crazy rhythm on table tops and window sills and sometimes,, even on the head of a younger brother., 6
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He wants, like all his friends in school, a car and a pair of funny-looking, Spanish boots. He will not get them either but I am trying to save for a small, microscope he saw at Alemar’s., He does not lie very well. I sent him once on an errand and he was gone for, three hours. When he returned, he told me that the man I wanted wasn’t there and, that he waited, etc. ten minutes later, he was telling me the truth. He had gone, joyriding with a classmate, a boy of 15 who obviously with his parents’ help, had, gotten a license and drove a car of his own., I went to his school and sought out this license-owning, car-driving 15-yearold. I found him nice and respectful. But since I will not hand over to this friend and to, anyone else the responsibility for my son’s safety, I asked him to stop taking my boy, along with him on these rides., I do not know if it will happen again. He brings home too many envious stories, of too many cars on their high school campus. He want what all his friends wantNoise, Speed, Glitter., Last week, on the eve of an induction party, I kept him home. He had me, believe it was a simple Boy Scout investiture ceremony with, perhaps Coke and, cookies later. It turned out to be something more elaborate. They had to have, sponsors and he had picked his one out. She was much older - a sophisticate from a, nearby college. She smoked and drank. She expected him to call her at her home, and take her back. I was quite sure liquor would be sneaked in. If his fifteen-year-old, friends could get licenses, bringing in a flask was no problem., It was also his bad luck that day before the party, he handed me a report card, with four failing grades. I said simply, stay home. I felt guilty about making him miss, the fun, but he was over his hump quicker than expected. At 7:30 p.m., when the, party was beginning somewhere in Pasong Tamo, he had a bottle of Coke in one, hand, and he was horsing around with his brothers and sister at home., Next year, I will send him, to a school in the south. I want to take him away, from the city, away from souped-up cars and 15-year-old drivers and college girls, who smoke and drink at 17. I saw Silliman last summer and was impressed. He will, board at a place where he must get his own food and put his room in order., I am not always right about him, but I am right about the things I want for him., I want him to have all the virtues that seem to be going out of fashion: honesty, a, respect for the law, compassion, and a curious intelligence. Mine is certainly not a, modern attitude because I refuse to be his pal. I am his parent and I will not retreat, from that responsibility. I will not give up my parenthood with all its difficulties and, loneliness (and its bills) to become my son’s pal. I will not encourage him to think, along with his generation that life is one joyride. I allow him his Beatles haircut and, his passion for Presley. He must allow me my passion for his good future., Source: R. Dumawal, N. Cay & P. Remolona, Communication Arts in English, Quezon City:, Vibal Publishing House, Inc., 1980., , 7
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Task 3. Understand What You Read, Directions: Write the answer to each question in the space provided., 1. Who is the “I” or the narrator in the selection?, 2. What is she narrating?, 3. Pick out at least four details from the essay that describe the son’s different, actuations or manners., 4. What is the mother’s attitude towards her son? Is she indifferent? angry?, understanding? Give the details that support your answer., 5. How do you think teenagers from other Asian countries like Japan, Korea, Burma,, Thailand, Indonesia, and Malaysia with their different religions and cultures express, their unique personality?, , What I Can Do, Task 4 All About Myself, Directions: In an autobiography, a person tells his or her own life story. It describes the, important events, people and decisions in a person’s life from the one who actually had the, experiences. Write a three-paragraph composition describing your most interesting life, story/experience. Remember the parts of a narration (the introduction, body and, conclusion)., , 8
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Lesson, , 2, , Identifying, the, Distinguishing, Features of Notable Poems, Short, Stories,, Dramas, and, Novels, Contributed by Southeast Asian, Writers, , gni, ni, , What Is It?, FEATURES TO REMEMBER, Singaporean literature in English started with the Straits-born Chinese, community in the colonial era; it is unclear which was the first work of literature in, English published in Singapore, but there is evidence of Singapore literature published, as early as the 1830s. The first notable Singaporean work of poetry in English is possibly, F.M.S.R., a pastiche of T. S. Eliot by Francis P. Ng, published in London in 1935. This was, followed byWangGungwu's Pulse in 1950., With the independence of Singapore in 1965, a new wave of Singapore writing, emerged, led by Edwin Thumboo, Arthur Yap, Robert Yeo, Goh Poh Seng, Lee Tzu, Pheng and Chandran Nair. It is telling that many critical essays on Singapore, literature name Thumboo's generation, rightly or wrongly, as the first generation of, Singapore writers. Poetry is the predominant mode of expression; it has a small but, respectable following since independence, and most published works of Singapore, writing in English have been in poetry., •, , Singaporean Poem, , A Letter to Lee Choon Seng, By: Khoo Seok Wan, In my humble hut, These cold, dismal days, , Cooking meals to carry me, Through inclement weather, , Sleepless, As the rain creates, Its endless rhythms, , And more,, The comfort of your presence, And the flow of your wine, Settled in the pavilion, Here at my side., , You, A friend in times of need, , Malaysian Literature, Three Forms of Traditional Malay Poetry, 1. Mantera - a sacred message of a text; repeated word or phrase in, meditation (e.g “Om”, “Om Namo”), 2. Pantu, - a traditional oral form of expression., - consists of a quatrain which employs an abab rhyme scheme., 9
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3. Syair - can be a narrative poem, a didactic poem, or a poem used to, convey ideas on religion or philosophy, or even one to describe, historical event, Fables in Malaysia, Kancil (mouse deer) serves as the main character in a number of stories and regards, as the humble animal in the highest esteem., ➢ Famous Writers, Abdullah Abdul Kadir, , Malayan writer of Indian origin, Most cultured Malay who wrote, one of the greatest innovators in Malay, The father of modern Malay literature, He wrote Hikayat Abdullah, an autobiography., Usman Awang, , Best poet in the Malay language., Did not produce a very large corpus of poetry, only, about 200 of them, His poems are simple, clear, often romantic, and, beautiful, A master at weaving words into striking phrases,, sentences and verses that are of exceptional, classical beauty and sometimes appear to be nostalgic and even, escapist., Huzir Sulaiman, , A Malaysian actor, director and writer based in, Singapore., One of Malaysia's leading dramatists., His plays, often charged with dark humor, political, satire, and surrealistic twists, have won numerous, awards and international recognition., , What’s More, Task 1 Name Me, Singaporean and Malaysian literatures are two of the pillars of Asian, , literature. The rich literary features refects the variety of color of Asian culture that, still radiates up to this day., , 10
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Directions: Review the previous facts of Singaporean and Malaysian literature, and be able to answer to write the fact on what is being asked. Write your answer in the, space provided., _____________1. the language of Singaporean literature published in the 1830s, _____________2. the first generation of Singapore writers, _____________3. the dominant genre in Singaporean literature, _____________4. It is the main character in a number of stories and regards as the humble animal., _____________5. a sacred message of a text, repeated word or phrase in meditation., _____________6. a didactic poem used to convey ideas on religion., _____________7. consists of a quatrain which employs an abab rhyme scheme., _____________8. the best poet in Malay language, _____________9. the father of modern Malay literature, _____________10. Malaysia’s leading dramatist, , 11
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Lesson, , 3, , Explaining Figurative Language, Used, , gni, ni, , What Is It, Figurative – Array, Figurative language refers to language that uses words in ways that deviate from their, literal interpretation to achieve a more complex or powerful effect., , Common Types of Figurative Language, There are many, many types of figures of speech that can be involved in figurative, language. Some of the most common are:, •, , Metaphor: A figure of speech that makes a comparison between two unrelated things by, stating that one thing is another thing, even though this isn't literally true. For example, the, phrase "her lips are a blooming rose" obviously doesn't literally mean what it says—it's a, metaphor that makes a comparison between the red beauty and promise of a blooming, rose with that of the lips of the woman being described., , •, , Simile: A simile, like a metaphor, makes a comparison between two unrelated things., However, instead of stating that one thing is another thing (as in metaphor), a simile states, that one thing is like another thing. An example of a simile would be to say "they fought, like cats and dogs.", , •, , Hyperbole: Hyperbole is an intentional exaggeration of the truth, used to emphasize the, importance of something or to create a comic effect. An example of a hyperbole is to say, that a backpack "weighs a ton." No backpack literally weighs a ton, but to say "my, backpack weighs ten pounds" doesn't effectively communicate how burdensome a heavy, backpack feels., , •, , Personification: In personification, non-human things are described as having human, attributes, as in the sentence, "The rain poured down on the wedding guests,, indifferent to their plans." Describing the rain as "indifferent" is an example of, personification, because rain can't be "indifferent," nor can it feel any other human, emotion. Source: www.litcharts.com/literacy-devices-and-terms/figurative-language, , 12
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What’s More, Task 1. Figurative Language, Directions: Read the following examples of figurative language. Identify the poetic device, being used., , 1. Their thoughts were like golden birds._____, a. simile, b. metaphor, c. hyperbole, , d. personification, , 2. Fear lurks, watching me, waiting for the moment to pounce. _______, a. hyperbole, b. metaphor, c. simile, d. personification, 3. The sound of your breath is a music of which I will not soon tire._______, a. hyperbole, b. personification c. metaphor, d. simile, 4. After she left, the sun never shined again._______, a. hyperbole, b. personification, c. metaphor, , d. simile, , 5. Their trumpets crying, their white plumes flying, And their sabers flashing in the sun.______, a. hyperbole b. personification, c. metaphor, d. simile, , 6. Wisdom gently whispers to us to part from evil.____, a. hyperbole, b. personification, c. metaphor, , d. simile, , 7. My mind is like a clamorous market-place._____, a. hyperbole, b. personification, c. metaphor, , d. simile, , 8. The night sky was a loom threaded with darkness._____, a. hyperbole, b. personification, c. metaphor, , d. simile, , 9. If I had the chance to hold her, I would never let her go.____, a. hyperbole, b. personification, c. metaphor, , d. simile, , 10. His eyes were sad as fishes that swim up and stare upon the land that is not theirs.____, a. hyperbole, b. personification, c. metaphor, d. simile, , 13
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Lesson 1, Task 1, 1. Francisco Baltazar, 2. James Hla Kyaw, 3. Jose Rizal, 4. Ludu U Hla, Task 2, 1. A, Task 3, 1. The mother, 2. She was narrating the events that describe her relationship with her teenage son., 3 – 5 Answers vary, Lesson 2, Task 1, 1. English, 2. Thumboo's generation, 3. Poetry, 4. Kancil, 5. Mantera, 6. Syair, 7. Pantu, 8. Usman Awang, 9. Abdullah Abdul Kadir, 10. Huzir Sulaiman, Lesson 3, Task 1, 1. A, 2. A., 3. B, 4. A, 5. B, , 6. B, 7. D, 8. C, 9. A, 10. B, , 14
