Page 1 :
Lesson 12: Ravanhatha, Let's start, , shehnai, , dholak, , tabla- veena, , sitar, , harmonium, , santoor, , 1. folk music concerts, , 2. folk music training sessions and competitions, 3., , folk music welfare programmes and funds, , Answers to questions on pages 113-114, , 2. Udukkai, , 1. Algoza, , 4. Gogona, 3. Pena, shell or hollowed-out cylinder of, , b) halved coconut, d) long bamboo or wood, c) strings, Let's ponder (pages 116), , a) goat hide, , stem, , e) holes, , 5. Sambal, , wood, , g, , f) knobs, , beads, , h) bow, , A., Paragraph Nos., , PPT slide os., , Paragraph Nos., , PPT slide nos., , 1, , C, , 6 and 7, , B, , 2, , D, , 8, , F, , 3, , A, , 9, , 4 and 5, , H, , 10, , G, , 11, , E, Headword, , 88, , Publishing Comnpany, , P'vt., , Ltd

Page 2 :
to, , a, , addition to similarity of, appearance, the method, violin. It too, includes a bow that is, , Ravana's, rad's, god, , mother,, , abode, , playing a Ravanbatha is also quite similar, the strings to create, musical vibrations., Lord Shiva, and she was, cager to go and live in the, , drawn, , Kaikas1, Was devoted to, , of, , across, , Mount Kailash in the, She asked Ravana if he could take her, Ravana refused because he was againstHimalayas., there., this idea. But, in order to, his, he, please, to bring Mount Kailash itself, mother, promised, to his, of Hela. As he was, kingdom, to, lift, the mountain,, trying, an angered Lord Shiva, trapped Ravana's ten heads and twenty arms, under it. Naturally, Ravana, Pprayed for mercy and when Lord Shiva released him, he decided to, sing his praise by making, a musical instrument, one, of, his, using, heads, an arm and some of his hair. This is why the, instrument is named Ravanhatha or called Ravana Hasta Veena'., 3. The Bhopas pertorm religious-themed, songs in honour of Pabuji, the folk deity of the Rabari, or shepherd community, of Rajasthan. The Bhopas narrate Pabuji's tale every time a family's, wishes have been fulfilled., on, , 4. The Sri Lankan composer and violinist Dinesh Subasinghe revived the Ravanbatha by using, , the instrument in most of his musical compositions., 5. The Ravanhatha folk musicians don't use metal strings, instead of strings of horse hair because, , the hair, being really strong, lends a unique quality to music., 6. Inviting the Bhopas to national and international cultural festivals is a positive step as it, , encourages such musicians and revives a dying art form. The musicians who are passionate, about the instrument and music in general, often dedicate their lives towards it., 7. Urvashi Shekhawat believes that folk music is a dying art because the artists who play the, Ravanhatha has decreased in number, which is quite unfortunate., , 8. Answers may vary, , Let's learn new words, A., , beginning, , middle, , first of all, 2. firstly, , 1. in addition, , ending, 1., , finally, , forproofshowing contrast, , 1.in fact, , 1. also, , 1.yet, , 2. but, , 2. to conclude, , 2. next, , to stress a point, , 3. however, , 3. besides, , 4. nevertheless, , 4. moreover, , 5. for example, C. 4., a) also, 5. e)In fact, 6. g) Besides, , Let', s study grammar, B. 1.c), 2. e), , Let's la, , b) Firstly, , d) Besides, , c) Next, , b) nevertheless, , h) In addition, , 3.i), , ), , i) Also, , 4. a), , 5.h), , besides, , 6. d), , 7.k) To conclude, , 7.f), , 8.g