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NCERT Solutions For Class 8 Social Science Geography, Chapter 5 – Industries, 1. Answer the following questions., (i) What is meant by the term ‘industry’?, Answer: Industry refers to an economic activity that is concerned with production of goods like iron and, steel industry, extraction of minerals like coal mining industry and the provision of services like tourism, industry., (ii) Which are the main factors which influence the location of an industry?, Answer: Setting up an industry leads to development and growth of that location. The factors that, affect the location of industries are the easy availability of raw material and land, adequate supply of, water and labour, access to power and transport, presence of market and good amount of, capital.Sometimes, the government also provides incentives like subsidised power, lower transport cost, and other infrastructural facilities so that industries may be located in backward areas., (iii) Which industry is often referred to as the backbone of modern industry and why?, Answer: Steel is called the backbone of modern industry because almost everything we use is either, made of steel or has been made with machinery or tool made out of steel. Steel industry is basically the, feeder industry whose products are the raw materials for other industries., (iv) Why has the cotton textile industry rapidly expanded in Mumbai?, Answer: The warm and moist climate, proximity to port, easy availability of raw material and skilled, labour helped in rapid expansion of the cotton textile industry in Mumbai., 2. Tick the correct answer., (i) Fort Gloster is located in, (a) West Bengal, (b) California, (c) Gujarat, Answer: a) West bengal, (ii) Which one of the following is a natural fibre?, (a) nylon, (b) jute, (c) acryclic, Answer: b Jute, 3. Distinguish between the following., (i) Agro-based and mineral based industry, Answer: Agro based industries use plant and animal based products as their raw materials. It is a, source of employment for people in rural areas. Food processing, vegetable oil, cotton textile, dairy, products and leather industries are examples of agro-based industries. Whereas, Mineral based, industries are primary industries that use mineral ores as their raw materials. It is a source of, employment for both rural and urban populations. Steel and Iron Industries and Heavy Machinery, industries are examples of Mineral based industries., , (ii) Public sector and joint sector industry, , https://byjus.com

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NCERT Solutions For Class 8 Social Science Geography, Answer: Industries owned and operated by the government are public sector industries. Steel Authority, of India Limited and Hindustan Aeronautics Limited are examples of Public sector industries. On the, other hand, Joint sector industries are owned and operated by the state and individuals or a group of, individuals. Maruti Udyog Limited is an example of joint sector industry., , 4. Give two examples of the following in the space provided :, (i) Raw Materials: _____________ and _____________________, Answer: Iron ore and Cotton, (ii) End products: _______________ and _________________________, Answer: Steel and Cloth, (iii) Tertiary Activities: ________________ and __________, Answer: Transport and banking, (iv) Agro-based Industries: ____________ and ____________, Answer: Dairy and Sugar, (v) Cottage Industries: ___________ and ________________, Answer: pottery and basket weaving, (vi) Co-operatives: ______________________ and _____________, Answer: Mother Dairy and Anand Milk Union Limited (Amul), , https://byjus.com