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COMPREHENSION CHECK (Page 45), 1. Look at picture 1 and recall the opening lines of the original song in Hindi. Who is the, singer ? Who else do you see in this picture ?, Answers:, The Hindi song’s opening lines are :, , The singer is Lata Mangeshker. Others in the picture are Pt. Jawaharlal Nehru, Lai Bahadur Shastri, and Smt. Indira Gandhi., In the picture below there are national leaders who worked tirelessly for the Indepen-dence. They, are : Rani Laxmi Bai, Sardar Bhagat Singh, Bahadur Shah Jafar, Pandit Jawaharlal Nehru, Mahatma, Gandhi, Netaji Subhash Chandra Bose., 2. In picture 2 what do you understand by the Company’s “superior weapons” ?, Answers:, “Company’s superior weapons” refers to their more efficient guns., 3. Who is an artisan ? Why do you think the artisans suffered ? (picture 3), Answers:, An artisan is a person who is skilled in an applied art; a craftsperson. The expert artisans of India, worked so well that there was no parallel to their creation. So British goods could not be sold in the, country as long as they produced goods. To make them incapable of doing their work, the British, cut their thumbs., 4. Which picture, according to you, reveals the first sparks of the fire of revolt ?, Answers:, The first part of picture no. 7 reveals the first sparks of revolt. In it the santhals are seen revolting in, 1855. They massacred Europeans and their supporters alike., WORKING WITH THE TEXT (Page 45), 1) Do you think the Indian princes were short-sighted in their approach to the events of, 1757 ?, Answers:, Indian princes were indeed short-sighted in their approach to the events of 1757. They, fought against each other and sought the help of the British. They could not see that this will, eventually make the British most powerful. This happened and they had to suffer for their shortsightedness., 2) How did the East India Company subdue the Indian princes ?, Answer:, Indian princes fought one another. Very often they sought the help of East India Company to do so., As a result they became weak. The company subdued them all one by one., 3) Quote the words used by Ram Mohan Roy to say that every religion teaches the same, principles., Answer:, The words of Raja Ram Mohan Roy were : “Cows are of different colours. But the colour of

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their milk is the same. Different teachers have different opinions but the essence of every religion is, the same.”, Question. 4., In what ways did the British officers exploit Indians ?, Answer:, The British passed a resolution. Under it an Indian could be jailed without trial in a court. British, goods were imported into India tax-free. The English prospered on the company’s loot while Indian, industries began to die. Even the Governor-General Bentinck reported, “The bones of cotton, weavers are bleaching the plains of India.”, Question. 5., Name these people., (i) The ruler who fought pitched battles against the British and died fighting., (ii) The person who wanted to reform the society., (iii) The person who recommended the introduction of English education in India., (iv) Two popular leaders who led the revolt (Choices may vary)., Answer:, (i) Tipu Sultan, (ii) Raja Ram Mohan Roy, (iii) Lord Macaulay, (iv) Nana Saheb Peshwa and Kunwar Singh, Question. 6., Mention the following., (i) Two examples of social practices prevailing then., (ii) Two oppressive policies of the British., (iii) Two ways in which common people suffered., (iv) Four reasons for the discontent that led to the 1857 War of Independence., , Answer:, (i) Untouchability and child marriage., (ii) (a) The British passed a resolution under which an Indian could be jailed with-out trial, in a court., (b) The British supported the British industry. To do so they made imports to India taxfree. Consequently Indian industry began to die., (iii) (a) The British did not care about the needs of Indians., (b) The farmers were heavily taxed and the thumbs of the artisans were cut., (iv) (a) Santhals had lost their lands. They became desperate. They revolted and killed the, British and their supporters alike., (b) The white soldiers got huge pay. The Indian soldier was lowly paid. This created, discontentment among the soldiers., (c) Hazrat Mahal of Lucknow was bitter. She had lost her kingdom., (d) Many landlords were sore. They had lost their lands because of the Britishers’ policies.

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WORKING WITH LANGUAGE (Page 45), In comics what the characters speak is put in bubbles. This is direct narration. When we, report what the characters speak, we use the method of indirect narration., Study these examples., First farmer : Why are your men taking away the entire crop ?, Second farmer : Your men have taken away everything., Officer : You are still in arrears. If you don’t pay tax next week. I’ll send you to jail., The first farmer asked the officer why his men were taking away the entire crop., The second farmer said that their men had taken away everything., The officer replied that they were still in arrears and warned them that if they did not pay, tax the following week, he (the officer) would send them (the farmers) to jail., Question 1., Change the following sentences into indirect speech., (i) First man : We must educate our brothers., Second man : And try to improve their material conditions., Third man : For that we must convey our grievances to the British Parliament., The first man said that ___, The second man added that ___, The third man suggested that ___, Answer:, The first man said that they must (had to) educate their brothers., The second man added that they had to try to improve their material conditions also., The third man suggested that for the education and material conditions of the people they must, (had to) convey their grievances to the British Parliament., (ii) First soldier : The white soldier gets huge pay, mansions and servants., Second soldier : We get a pittance and slow promotions., Third soldier : Who are the British to abolish our customs ?, The first soldier said that ___, The second soldier remarked that ___, The third soldier asked ___, Answer:, The first soldier said that the white soldier got huge pay, mansions and servants., The second soldier remarked that they got a pittance and slow promotions., The third soldier asked who the Britishers were to abolish their customs., SPEAKING AND WRITING (Page 46), Question 1., Playact the role of farmers who have grievances against the policies of the government., Rewrite their ‘speech bubbles’ in dialogue form first., Answer:, Speech bubbles, First farmer : “The English are taking all my crops.”, Second farmer : “Even after taking all my crops they say I have arrears to pay. They threaten to send, me to jail.”, First farmer : “Our cotton crop was sold at high price. Now the English force us to give it cheap to, them.”

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Second farmer : “Then the famines have broken our backs.”, First farmer : “Yes, there are no signs of rain this year too.”, Second farmer : “We grow food but we are dying of hunger.”