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We, and Our, Society, Teacher’s, Manual, , 7

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SOCIAL, SCIENCE, BOOK - 7, , A., 1., Ans., 2., Ans., 3., Ans., 4., Ans., 5., Ans., B., Ans., , C., Ans., , D., 1., Ans., 2., , Ans., 3., , History, Chapter-1, Tick (3) mark the correct option :, This century marked the onset of, Medieval Period in India :, (b) Eighth, This century marked the end of the, Medieval Period in India :, (b) Eighteenth, The Arabs named India as :, (b) Hind, This is an archaeological source of, studying history of any country :, (d) Both (b) and (c), This is a chronicle of the Kings who, ruled over Kashmir :, (d) Rajtarangini, Write 'T' for true and 'F' for false, statements :, 1. Mahmud of Ghazni sent Ibn Batuta, to India., T, 2. Drarya- Pariksha contained information about the coins during the, reign of Ala-ud-din Khilji., T, 3. Islam spread in India in the Ancient, Period., T, 4. Temples in the Medieval Period, were the centre of political activities., T, 5. Rajtarangini is a biography of, Emperor Akbar., F, Match the following columns :, Column I, Column II, 1. Al-Beruni, (c) Tahqiq-i-Hind, 2. Marco Polo, (a) Italy, , Ans., 4., Ans., 5., , Ans., E., 1., Ans., 2., Ans., , 3., Ans., , 4., Ans., , 5., Ans., , 3. Ibn Batuta, (d) Kitab-ur-Rihla, 4. Chronicles, (b) Rajtarangini, Very Short Answer Type Questions :, Which period of history stands between, the ancient and the modern period ?, Medieval Period., In how many periods can we divide the, Medieval Period for the purpose of, studying history ?, Two, What is the time span of the Medieval, Period of Indian history ?, Ten centuries, In which century does the Late Medieval, Period of the Indian history starts ?, Thirteenth century, In which century does the Early, Medieval Period of the Indian history, end ?, Thirteenth century, Short Answer Type Questions :, Name a few foreign rulers who ruled, India in the Medieval Period., Turks , Afghans, and Iranis, What are the important sources of, studying history ?, Some important sources of studying, Indian history are Archaeological, sources, sculpture and paintings, and, literary sources., How did the Slave Dynasty start ruling in, India ?, The defeat of Rajputana king Prithviraj, Chauhan at the hands of Muhammad, Ghori brought India under the rule of, Slave Dynasty., Name the rulers who together, constituted the Delhi Sultanate., The Khiljis, The Tughlaqs , the Sayyids, and the Lodis together constituted Delhi, Sultanate., Name various archaeological sources of, studying history., Archaeological sources include, monuments, mosques, temples, forts,, tombs, coins, paintings, etc., , Social Science - 7 / (2)

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F., 1., Ans., , 2., Ans., , 3., Ans., , 4., Ans., , 5., Ans., , Long Answer Type Questions :, Write a note about the Early Medieval, Period and the Late Medieval Period., The Early Medieval period stretched, from 18th century to the 13th century., During this period many powerful, dynasties came into power in various, parts of Northern India. The Palas,, Pratiharas and Rashtrakutas ruled this, area. They were rooted by the foreign, invasions of the Turks, The Late Medieval Period covers the, rule of the Turks. This period spans from, 13th centuru to 18th century. Many, foreign rulers like the Afghans and the, Iranis came to various parts of India., How did India get her present name ?, The French word inde means Hindu,, which further became India in English, during the rule of the British., Write some major historical, developments during Medieval Period., The main events that took place during, Medieval Period started with the defeat, of the Rajputana king Prithviraj Raj, Chauhan which led to rule of the Slave, Dynasty which followed by the rule of, the Khiljis, the Tughlaqs, the Sayyids,, and Lodis. later the Delhi Sultanate was, overpowerd by the Mughals., How do archaeological sources help in, studying the history of a country ?, Archaeological sources like buildings,, temples, forts, tombs, ornaments, utensils etc. tell a lot about the, cilvilisation of that period. The Temples, at that time were the centre of art and, culture. They were also the centre of, education , thus they give a lot of, knowledge about these aspects of the, life of the people of that time., Write a note on the chronicles of, Medieval India., Chronicles are the records of the lives of, the kings and activities conducted by the, kings. These records are in the form of, written records. These chronicles were, mostly written by the foreign rulers., , A., 1., Ans., 2., Ans., 3., Ans., 4., Ans., 5., Ans., 6., Ans., 7., Ans., 8., , Ans., B., Ans., , C., 1., Ans., , Some examples of the chronicles are, Rajtarangini by Kalhan, Vikramadevacharita of king Vikramaditya VI, Ain-iAkbari and Akbarnam by Abul Fazal etc., Chapter-2, Tick (3) mark the correct option :, Word meaning a son of a king is :, (c) Rajputa, Delhi was ruled over by :, (b) the Tomars, This was the capital of Chandellas :, (b) Khajuraho, ________ founded the Chola dynasty., (a) Vijayalaya, ________ dynasty ruled over Deccan., (d) Rashtrakutas, These dynasties were engaged in, tripartite struggle., (d) Both (a) and (b), The tripartite struggle among the three, dynasties was for the right over :, (a) Gujarat, The inscriptions showing division of, power among different units of, administration under Chola dynasty, were found from :, (d) Gangaikondacholapuram, Identify the rulers :, 1. He founded Chola dynasty., Vijayalaya, 2. They called them the descendents, of the Sun and the Moon. The, Rajputas, 3. He declared himself Gangaikondachola. Rajendra Chola, 4. He defeated Mahmud of Ghazni in, the Battle of Tarain. P r i t h v i r a j, Chauhan, 5. He attacked India 17 times and, looted her wealth. M a h m u d o f, Ghazni, Short Answer Type Questions :, Why was there a struggle between the, Palas, Pratiharas and the Rashtrakutas ?, They fought for the power over the, kingdoms of north and Gujarat., , Social Science - 7 / (3)

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2., Ans., , 3., , Ans., , 4., Ans., , 5., , Ans., , D., 1., , Ans., , 2., Ans., , How and when Prithviraj Chauhan was, defeated ?, Prithviraj was defeated in the Second, Battle of Tarain in 1192. He was, defeated by Muhammad of Ghori., Who was Muhammad of Ghori ? Which, ruler declined to help Prithviraj Chauhan, to fight against Muhammad of Ghori ?, Muhammad of Ghori was the ruler of, Ghor in Afghanistan. He defeated, Prithviraj Chauhan because Raja, Jaichandra of Kannauj did not help, Prithviraj Chauhan., Why did Rajendra Chola call himself, Gangaikondachola ?, Rajendra Chola called himself, Gangaikondachola because he defeated, the king of Bengal across the river, Ganga., According to Chau Ju-kau, the Chinese, geographer, which dynasty had a large, naval contingent ? How does he, describes it ?, According to Chau, the Chinese, geographer, the Chola dynasty had a large, naval contingent. He explained the naval, contingent as a powerful naval expeditions, being sent to defeat the enemies., Long Answer Type Questions :, Why did the Mahmud of Ghazni attack, India ? Why did he raid the temples of, Northern India ?, Mehmud of Ghazni attacked India for its, wealth. He looted whole of the wealth of, the Somnath temple in Gujarat. He even, took away the precious stones studded, in the walls of the temple. He looted the, wealth of all the main temples in India., He raided India 17 times in the period of, 26 years., What happened at the First and the, Second Battle of Tarain ? Explain., The battle of Tarain was fought between, the armies of Mahmud of Ghori and, Prithviraj Chauhan. In the first battle,, Prithviraj defeated the army of Ghori., Ghori was defeated very badly. He, , 3., , Ans., , 4., Ans., , 5., , Ans., , 6., Ans., , merely escaped his life. After a year, he, again arranged his army and attacked, Prithviraj with larger army and, resources. This time Prithviraj Chauhan, was defeated and arrested by Ghori. He, later killed Prithviraj Chauhan., Prithviraj Chauhan could have won the, Second Battle of Tarain, too, but he was, defeated. Why ?, Prithviraj Chauhan could have won the, battle against Ghazni, but he got, defeated as the king of Kannauj, Raja, Jaichandra did not help him in the battle., All the kings of North India helped, prithviraj only Jaichandra refused to, help. Later Jaichandra too got defeated, by Ghazni., What made the Pratiharas weak, which, ultimately dethroned them ? Explain., The Pratiharas were great dynasty., They established a large kingdom. The, descendent of the Pratiharas proved, weak and got defeated by the attacks of, Mahmud Ghazni., Write a short note on the selfgovernment during the Chola dynasty in, your own words., The local Administration at the Chola, kingdom was the most unique feature of, that time. Villages had total freedom to, take their decisions. Each village had, two committees, Ur and Sabha. Both, these committees had their subcommittees to help them in collecting, land revenue and depositing it with the, central government. They were also, responsible for the construction and, looking after of the dams, roads,, temples etc. they also resolved the, issues and disputes of the villagers., Describe the military achievements of, the Chola rulers., the Chola dynasty is known for their, great and powerful millitary. They won, over great kingdoms with strong army, and naval base. They had defeated the, Cheras, the Pandayas, Srilanka,, Bengal, etc. Chola navy emerged as, conqueror., , Social Science - 7 / (4)

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A., 1., Ans., 2., Ans., 3., Ans., 4., Ans., 5., Ans., 6., Ans., 7., , Ans., 8., Ans., 9., Ans., 10., Ans., B., Ans., 1., 2., 3., 4., 5., C., Ans., , Chapter-3, Tick (3) mark the correct option :, The age of the Delhi Sultanate is, considered from __________ to 1526., (a) 1206, The first dynasty to rule the Delhi, Sultanate was :, (b) Slave, The last dynasty to rule the Delhi, Sultanate was :, (b) Lodi, __________ started the policy of market, control during his rule., (b) Ala-ud-din Khilji, ____________ was the trusted noble of, Nasir-ud-din Mahmud., (c) Balban, Ala-ud-din started branding his horses., The process was called :, (b) dagh, Muhammad-bin Tughluq introduced the, token currency system. The coins were, made up of :, (d) both (a) and (b), Muhammad-bin Tughluq transferred his, capital to :, (c) Devagiri, He was the last ruler of Sayyid Dynasty., (d) Alam Shah Sayyid, Firoz Shah Tughluq founded the towns, of :, (d) both (a) and (b), Match the following columns :, Column I, Column II, Jalal-ud-din, (b) Khilji Dynasty, Khizr Khan, (a) Sayyid Dynasty, Qutb-ud-din Aibak (e) Slave Dynasty, Ghiyas-ud-din, (d) Tughluq, Dynasty, Bahlul, (c) Lodi Dynasty, Fill in the blanks :, 1. The Slave Sultans were called, Mamluks., 2. Balban was the most powerful ruler, of the Slave Dynasty., 3. Iltutmish declared his daughter, Razia as his successor., , D., 1., , Ans., 2., Ans., 3., Ans., 4., Ans., 5., Ans., E., 1., Ans., 2., , Ans., , 3., Ans., , 4., Ans., 5., Ans., , 4. Balban introduced the practice of, Saijdah, paibos and zaminbos in, the court., 5. Ali Gurshap took the title of Ala-uddin., 6. Ghiyas-ud-Din Tughluq founded, the Tughluq Dynasty in the Delhi, Sultanate., Very Short Answer Type Questions :, What was the officer-in-charge of the, market called under Ala-ud-din Khilji's, rule ?, Shahna-i-Mandi, What was the land tax collected under, Ala-ud-din's rule called ?, Kharaj, Who raided India under the rule of, Tughluq Dynasty ?, Timur, Who succeeded Sikandar Lodi ?, Ibrahim Lodi, Who fought the First Battle of Panipat ?, Babur along ousted nobles fought, against Ibrahim Lodi, Short Answer Type Questions :, Who founded Slave Dynasty in India ?, Why was it called Slave Dynasty ?, Qutb-ud-din Aibak founded Slave, Dynasty in India., Who was the only Muslim woman ruler, of the Delhi Sultanate ? Who declared, her the Sultan ?, Razia Sultan was the first women ruler, of Delhi Sultanate. She was declared, Sultan by her father Iltutmish., How did Balban try to prove the, supremacy of the Sultan in the court ?, He started the customs of Sijdah, paibos, and zaminbos in the court to establish, the supremacy of the Sultan., Who was Timur ?, Timur was the ruler of the Samarkand in, central Asia., Write any two reforms which Firoz Shah, introduced during his rule., Firoz Shah gave bigger Iqtas to ulemas, to appease them. He ruled according to, the Islamic laws., , Social Science - 7 / (5)

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F., 1., , Ans., , 2., , Ans., , 3., Ans., , 4., Ans., , 5., , Ans., , Long Answer Type Questions :, Why Iltutmish was called the real, founder of the Slave Dynasty in the, Delhi Sultanate ?, Iltutmish is considered as the real, founder of the slave dynasty as he, resolved many such issues which were, causing trouble for the Slave Dynasty in, Delhi Sultanate. He overpowered Rajput, rulers of Ujjain, and Ranthambhore. He, was also successful in crushing the, revolts in Bihar and Bengal and, annexed them to Delhi Sultanate. He, foiled the attacks of Chengiz Khan of, Mongolia., Why were the nobles against the rule of, Razia Sultan ? How did she meet her, end ?, The Nobles were against the rule of, Razia Sultan just because she was a, lady and they did not like taking orders, from a woman. They all conspired, against her and killed her. In this way, Razia Sultan met with her cruel end., What reforms did Ala-ud-din introduce in, his army and why ?, Ala-ud-din Khilji paid to his soldiers in, cash. He branded his horses with dagh, so that they could not be replaced with, inferior quality horses. He kept account, of all events of his empire through his, elected reliable spies. He also kept, descriptions of all his soldiers through, chehra., Who was Timur and what was the affect, of his invasion on the Delhi Sultanate ?, Timur was the ruler of the Samarkand in, Central Asia. He invaded India and, attacked Delhi as the position of Delhi, Sultanate was quite weak at that time., He looted wealth from Delhi Sultanate, and made many men and women his, slaves. He depopulated the city leaving, only the physically challenged people., What role did the nobles of Ibrahim Lodi, play in bringing about the end of the Lodi, Dynasty and of the Delhi Sultanate ?, The Nobles of Ibrahim Lodi conspired, against him and he curbed that, rebellion. After that he replaced all his, , nobles with the new and younger, nobles. The ousted nobles aligned with, Babur and defeated Ibrahim Lodi in the, First battle of Panipat destroying the, Slave Dynasty., , A., 1., Ans., 2., Ans., 3., Ans., 4., , Ans., 5., , Ans., 6., Ans., B., 1., Ans., 2., Ans., 3., Ans., 4., Ans., C., 1., Ans., 2., Ans., , Chapter-4, Tick (3) mark the correct option :, These kingdoms emerged as powerful, kingdoms., (c) Both (a) & (b), Gujarat was founded in the, ___________________ century., (b) fifteenth, What was the duty of the Prefect of, Police ?, (a) To maintain law and order, Kashmir was ruled by the, ____________________ Dynasty, during the Early Medieval Period., (a) Hindu, The Bahmani Empire was a, _______________________state of the, Deccan in Southern India., (a) Hindu, What was the Bahmani capital between, 1347 and 1425 ?, (a) Ahsanabad, Very Short Answer Type Questions :, Who was the greatest ruler of Kashmir ?, Zain-ul-Abid, Who built the Mehrangarh Fort ?, Maharaja Jodha, When did the Vijayanagar Kingdom, become weak ?, After the death of Krishnadev Raya, For how long did the Bahmani Kingdom, rule ?, 180 years, Short Answer Type Questions :, Write about Bengal, Gujarat and, Khandesh., They all were the regional kingdoms, How were the rulers of the Vijayanagar, Kingdom ?, The rulers of Vijayanagar kingdom were, strict worshippers of the Hindu Gods, and Goddesses., , Social Science - 7 / (6)

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3., Ans., , 4., Ans., , D., 1., Ans., , 2., Ans., , 3., Ans., , Name the four dynasties of the, Vijayanagar Kingdom along with the, year of rule., 1. Sangama Dynasty, 2. Saluva Dynasty, 3. Tuluva Dynasty, 4. Aravidu Dynasty, Give an example that tells about the, economy of the Vijayanagar Kingdom., The kingdom had trade relations spread, from the Red Sea to Mecca,, Aden,Venice, China, Burma ,Java and, Sumatra, Long Answer Type Questions :, Write a note about the Vijayanagar, Kingdom., Vijayanagar kingdom was one of the, important kingdoms in the Medieval, Period. The foundation of this kingdom, was laid by the two brothers Harihara I, and Bukka Raya. The Emperors, developed a very good system of, administration. The king was the head, administrator of the empire. The rulers, of Vijayanagar kingdom were strict, worshippers of the Hindu Gods and, Goddesses. They were even tolerant, towards the other religions. The, emperors were the great patrons of art, and culture. They helped a lot in the, development of music, literature and, architecture., The kingdom had trade relations spread, from the Red Sea to Mecca,, Aden,Venice, China, Burma ,Java and, Sumatra, How was the administration of the, Vijayanagar Kingdom ?, The administration of the kingdom was, organised according to the changing, requirements and circumstances. The, Emperor was the head of the state and, was the supreme authority in civil,, military and judicial matters. The, important officers of the state were the, Prime Minister, Chief treasurer and the, Custodian of the Jewels and Prefect., How was the administration and culture, of the Bahmani Kingdom ?, The administration in the Bahmani, kingdom was always at conflict with, , 4., Ans., , A., 1., Ans., 2., Ans., 3., Ans., 4., Ans., 5., Ans., 6., Ans., 7., Ans., 8., Ans., 9., Ans., , each other. The reason for this was the, division of the nobles into two groups, viz. Deccanis or the old comers and the, Afaquis or the new comers. There was, always a difference of opinion among, them. Mahmud Gawan, who expanded, the empire , had problem with the, Deccanis as he was the Afaqui and he, was never recogonised for his services., He was later killed by his enemies., Write about the rulers of the Bahmani, Kingdom., Hasan Gangu founded the Bahamni, dynasty and ruled under the name of, Bahaman Shah. He was at constant war, with the kingdom of Vijyanagar. Firuz, Bahamani was a great emperor who, had a great impact on the kingdom. He, was a learned man and had great, knowledge of many religious and natural, sciences. He extended his territories to, Warangal and gave up his kingdom and, throne to his brother Ahmed Shah I., Chapter-5, Tick (3) mark the correct option :, The first _______ Mughals are called, the great Mughals., (a) six, _________was the founder of Mughal, Dynasty in India., (d) Babur, He was the regent of Akbar., (c) Bairam Khan, The king of _____________ offered his, daughter in marriage to Akbar., (a) Amer, Akbar built the city of :, (a) Agra, Revenue system under Akbar's rule was, called ______________., (d) Raja Todar Mal's Bandobast, _________was called the Zinda Pir., (a) Aurangzeb, Nur Jahan was wife of :, (d) Jahangir, Prince Salim called himself __________, after becoming Badshah., (b) Jahangir, , Social Science - 7 / (7)

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10., Ans., B., Ans., , C., 1., Ans., 2., Ans., 3., Ans., 4., Ans., 5., Ans., 6., , Ans., D., 1., Ans., 2., Ans., , 3., Ans., , Shah Jahan was unable to recapture, _______ from Persians., (a) Kandahar, Write 'T' for true and 'F' for false, statements :, 1. Babur got defeated in the First, Battle of Panipat., F, 2. Shah Jahan succeeded Akbar as, the next Badshah., F, 3. B a b u r ' s r u l e o v e r I n d i a w a s, snatched away by Sher Shah of Sur, Dynasty., F, 4. Akbar defeated Hemu in the Second, Battle of Panipat., T, 5. Akbar restarted Jaziya., F, Very Short Answer Type Questions :, When was the Mughal Empire, established in India ?, 1526, Where did the Mughals come from ?, Farghana, Central Asia, Who fought the First Battle of Panipat ?, Ibrahim Lodi and Babur, Who fought the Second Battle of, Panipat ?, Akbar and Hemu, Who was responsible for the town level, of administration under Mughal rule ?, Kotwal, Which noble of the court of Akbar, brought about the reforms in revenue, system ?, Raja Todar Mal, Short Answer Type Questions :, Why did Ibrahim Lodi get defeated ?, Ibrahim Lodi got defeated due to, rebellion of his nobles., What problems did Humayun face after, sitting on the throne ?, Humayun faced problems like unstable, administration, discontent of his brothers, and threats from enemies around his, empire., What kind of relation did Akbar enjoy, with Rajputs ?, Akbar enjoyed friendly relations with, Rajputs., , 4., Ans., 5., Ans., , 6., Ans., E., 1., Ans., , 2., Ans., , 3., Ans., , 4., Ans., , Who was Bairam Khan ?, Bairam Khan was the regent of Akbar., Why was Aurangzeb not popular among, his subjects ?, Aurangzeb became unpopular among, his subjects due to reintroduction of, Jazia., What efforts did Sher Shah make to, improve trade under his rule ?, He reduced custom duties and, introduced a new currency called rupia., Long Answer Type Questions :, How was Babur able to establish, Mughal Empire in India ?, Babur got attracted by the wealth of, India. He expedited towards India and, got the support of the nobles of Ibrahim, Lodi. They joined him in dethroning, Lodi. In this way Babur easily defeated, Ibrahim Lodi in the first battle of Panipat., Who was Sher Shah ? How was he able, to dethrone Babur ?, Sher Shah was son of Afghan Jagirdar, in Bihar. His real name was Farid Khan, and he was born in Sasaram In Bihar., He defeated Humayun twice to rule over, Delhi. He was first defeated by, Humanyun but later he gathered his, army and defeated Humanyun in, Chausa and again at Kannauj leaving, Humanyun as an empire less Badshah, and chased him out of his kingdom., Discuss the revenue system under the, rule of Akbar., During the rule of Akbar, Raja Todar Mal, became his Revenue Head. He, introduced a definite and reliable, method of measurement and of land, revenue collection., He divided land into three categories, depending upon the fertility of land. This, decided the criteria of revenue. It was, called Todar Mal's Bandobast., How were the policies of Aurangzeb, opposite from the policies of Akbar ?, The policies of Akbar were people, friendly while Aurangzeb did not have, that much of far sightedness which, Akbar had. Akbar befriended the, , Social Science - 7 / (8)

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5., Ans., , A., 1., , Ans., 2., Ans., 3., Ans., 4., Ans., 5., Ans., 6., Ans., 7., Ans., 8., Ans., B., Ans., 1., , Rajputs but Aurangzeb had hard, relations with them due to his unfriendly, policies. He had to face their revolts., Akbar treated all religions with respect, while Aurangzeb was a staunch Muslim., Akbar wavered off Jazia so that people, could easily go for pilgrimage. But, Aurangzeb reintroduced it causing a lot, a resent among masses., Discuss the military campaigns of Shah, Jahan., Shahjahan put down the revolts of the, the Bundelas and took over Bijapur and, Golconda in Deccan. He failed in his, military expedition to Balakh and, Badakshanin Central Asia. He could not, even recover Kandhar from Persians., Chapter-6, Tick (3) mark the correct option :, The Parsavnath Temple, the, Vishwanath Temple are a part of, _____________ temple complex., (b) Khajuraho, The Dilwara Temples built at Mount Abu, were built by :, (a) Solankis, Qutb-ud-din Aibak built, ________________ mosque in Ajmer., (a) Adhai Din Ka Jhonpara, This monument has been declared as a, UNESCO World Heritage Site., (c) Qutb Minar, Victory tower is situated at __________., (a) Chittor, Hamida Bano Begum built the tomb of, __________________., ( c ) Humayun, Jama Masjid in Delhi was built by, __________________., (a) Shah Jahan, This structure is one of the Seven, Wonders of the World., (c) The Taj Mahal, Match the following columns :, Column I, Column II, Gol Gumbaz, (a) Shah Jahan, , 2., 3., 4., 5., C., 1., Ans., 2., Ans., 3., Ans., 4., Ans., 5., Ans., 6., Ans., 7., Ans., 8., Ans., D., 1., Ans., , 2., Ans., 3., Ans., , 4., Ans., , Humayun's Tomb, Quwwat-ul-Islam, , (e) Akbar, (b) Qutb-ud-din, Aibak, Kailashnath Temple, (c) Pallavas, Brihadeshwara Temple (d) Cholas, Very Short Answer Type Questions :, In which part of India, Nagara style of, temple building was dominant ?, North India, What is Gopuram ?, Splendid gateways of the temples, What is the other name for the, Brihadeshwara Temple ?, Rajrajeshwara Temple, Name two structures built by Akbar., The Agra Fort and Fatehpur Sikri, Who founded the city of Ahmedabad ?, Ahmad Shah, Which Mughal Emperor is known as the, patron of architecture ?, Shahjahan, Name the style in which the Khajuraho, Temple complex was built., Nagra Style, Which building material was used to, build the Taj Mahal ?, White marble, Short Answer Type Questions :, What was the real purpose of building, monuments in Medieval Period ?, The real purpose of building monuments, was to show the power of the ruler or, the dynasty and to impress other rulers, and subjects with their wealth and, power., Which kinds of monuments were built in, Early Medieval Period ?, In early Medieval Period Temples were, the most common monuments., Write any two characteristic features of, Mughal architecture., The most common characteristic feature, of the Mughal architecture was the use, of domes and arches., Why Shah Jahan was called the patron, of architecture ?, Shahjahan was called the patron of, , Social Science - 7 / (9)

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5., Ans., , 6., Ans., , E., 1., , Ans., , 2., Ans., , 3., , architecture because he was very fond of, building monuments and had built, monuments with white marble having, symmetry and uniformity. He used, precious stones to decorate them for, example the Taj Mahal and the Red Fort., Write any two characteristic features of, Qutb Minar., Qutb Minar Is built of Sand stone and, marble. It has 378 stairs with decorative, carving on the walls., Describe the interiors of a temple built, during the Medieval Period., The temple in Khajuraho complex has, Mandapa to enter the Antralaya. The, worshipping is done in this inner portion, of the temple., Long Answer Type Questions :, What was the main purpose of the Kings, to build monuments in the Medieval, Period ? Explain., The real purpose of building monuments, was to show the power of the ruler or the, dynasty and to impress other rulers and, subjects with their wealth and power., Rulers also built sarais, wells, tanks,, sheds etc. also to show their concern for, their subjects. Monuments were also built, to commemorate the victories in the wars.., inscriptions in this regard were erected., Temples were built to show their, devotion and grandeur of the ruler., Differentiate between Nagara and, Dravidian style of building temples., All temples in North India were built in, Nagara style, while all the temples in, South India were built in Dravidian style., In Nagra style the Shikhra is in bee-hive, shape which is bulged in the middle. In, Dravidian style the shikhara of the, temples are in shape of towers called, vimanas and have pyramidal shape., In Nagara style,the temples are mostly, not enclosed in a boundary wall and, plan of the temple is mostly square., While in Dravidian style the temples are, enclosed in walls with specially, designed gateways called Gopurams., What were the salient features of the, Mughal architecture ?, , Ans., , 4., Ans., , 5., , Ans., , A., 1., Ans., 2., Ans., , The main characteristic feature of the, Mughal architecture was the domes and, the arches, which can be seen in all the, buildings of the Mughal era. Decoration, was ornamental and delicate. Buildings, were constructed using larger dome with, many smaller domes on the side., Minarets were built around the main, buildings. Buildings had vaulted, gateways and geometrical shaped, gardens with running water in the middle, of the gardens or the fountains., Red sand stone and white marble was, used extensively in the buildings of, Mughal era. Fatehpur Sikri, The Taj, Mahal, The Red Fort are some examples., What changes came in the buildings, built by Shah Jahan ?, The main change in the style of building, during Shah Jahan period was the shift, from the Red Sand stone to the White, Marble. He stressed upon symmetry, and uniformity as we can see in Taj, Mahal. He started decorating his, monuments with precious stone of, different colours unlike diamonds which, were used in earlier buildings. He gave, prominence to domes and minarets. He, got inscriptions of the verses of Quran, on the walls of the monuments., How did the regional kingdoms, contributed in architecture of the, Medieval Period ?, Most of the structures built by the, regional kingdoms are based on IndoIslamic style of building. New city of, Ahmadnagar was built by Ahmad Shah, of Gujarat with many decorative, buildings like Jami Masjid , and some, mosques. Similarly Hindola Mahal and, tomb of Hushang Shah were built by the, Chapter-7, Tick (3) mark the correct option :, Agra is an example of a famous :, (a) capital town, Fatehpur Sikri is an example of a, famous :, (d) both (a) and (b), , Social Science - 7 / (10)

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3., Ans., 4., Ans., 5., Ans., B., Ans., , C., Ans., , D., 1., Ans., 2., Ans., 3., Ans., 4., Ans., 5., Ans., , Town famous for its chintz work., (d) Masulipatnam, Persian traveller Abdur Razzaq explains, the city of :, (a) Hampi, In 1723, _________ attacked the port, city of Surat., (d) the Marathas, Write 'T' for true and 'F' for false, statements :, 1. Towns developed only because of, temple built there., F, 2. Surat was a famous port city., T, 3. Hampi was founded by the brothers, Harihara and Bukka., T, 4. Masulipatnam was the capital of, Vijayanagar Empire., F, Fill in the blanks :, 1. Hampi city was described as the, most protected and beautifully, situated city by a foreign traveller., 2. Ajmer became a pilgrimage city due, to presence of the Dargah of, _Khwaja Muin-ud-Din Chishti_., 3. The port city of Surat had a fertile, hinterland., 4. The foreigners established their, trading factories in Surat., 5. Hyderabad was a gem cutting, centre during the Medieval Period., Very Short Answer Type Questions :, Masulipatnam was famous for which, work ?, Chintz and Kalamkari., After which battle did Hampi loose its, importance ?, Talikota, The rise of which port city reduced the, importance of the port city of Surat ?, Bombay, From which city the Muslims departed, for their pilgrimage to Mecca ?, Surat, Mahanavami Dibba was founded in, which city ?, Hampi, , E., 1., , Ans., , 2., Ans., 3., Ans., , 4., Ans., , F., 1., Ans., , 2., , Ans., , Short Answer Type Questions :, Write any one reason for the, establishment of the towns during the, Medieval Period., One of the important reasons for, establishment of towns was the trade, and commercial activities like, manufacturing units etc., On what basis were the towns classified ?, Towns were classified on the basis of, the functions being performed there., What do you understand by 'capital, town' ?, Towns which were the capitals of a, kingdom or empire were called the, capital towns., Who founded the city of Masulipatnam, and why ?, The trading Arabs established the port, city of Masulipatnam because through, this city they could connect the route of, the Red Sea to the southern parts of, India., Long Answer Type Questions :, Explain how the towns came into, existence., Towns come into existence as the, centers of trade and commerce and, other activities like manufacturing etc., Many villages together got changed into, towns. This was one of the main, reasons of the development of new, towns in various empires and kingdoms., The second main reason of the, flourishing of the towns was the, establishment of the new towns by the, kings, which they used as their new, capitals., How did the temple towns attract more, and more people to settle around, them ?, Temple towns at that time were the, centre of education, culture and trade., All important functions took place in, temples. Traders from far off lands, came to temple towns to establish new, trade relations with that empire. This, provided people opportunities to earn, money and they settled down in and, around the temple towns., , Social Science - 7 / (11)

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3., Ans., , 4., Ans., , 5., Ans., , Temples also provided opportunities to, earn money to people like the priests,, cooks, gardeners, dancers, sweepers,, and garland makers etc. Thus they all, settled around the temple towns., Explain the importance of the port town, of Hampi in the Medieval Period., Hampi was an important port town in, Vijayanagar Empire. It was centre of, trade of spices and cotton. This city, exported horses of good quality. Many, other luxury items were imported and, exported from the port city of Hampi to, many other kingdoms like Persia,, Arabia, China, and Burma etc., Write a short note on the port city of, Surat., Port city of Surat was situated on the, bank of river Tapti in Gujarat. It, established itself as an important port, city. Wealthy banking community settled, here due to its fertile hinterland. Many, prosperous merchants from various, parts of the country made this city their, house. Many overland routes from Agra, and Delhi terminated here. Later the, British and the French made their, premises in this city., How did Masulipatnam get its name ?, Explain what was it famous for ?, The town of Masulipatnam got its name, from the fish drawn on the entrance gate, of this town which was built by the, Arabs. The fish is called machili in local, language so the town was named as, Machilipatnam, which later changed into, Masulipatnam., Masulipatnam was famous for Chintz., Chintz was produced by the dyers and, was famous world wide. This city, became the hub of the dyers and the, weavers. Dyers produced natural dyes,, cloth printer and cloth paints. It later, became famous for art of kalamkari ,, which with passage of time became one, of the most traded commodity of that, time., , A., 1., Ans., 2., Ans., 3., Ans., 4., Ans., 5., Ans., B., Ans., 1., 2., 3., 4., 5., C., 1., Ans., 2., Ans., 3., , Ans., 4., Ans., D., 1., , Ans., , 2., , Chapter-8, Tick (3) mark the correct option :, This tribe belonged to Punjab., (a) Khokhar, This tribe belonged to eastern parts of, India., (a) Cheros, The capital of the Ahom kingdom was :, (c) Garhgaon, _________ was the ruler of Gond, kingdom when Aakbar attacked., (d) Rani Durgavati, The chronicles of the Ahoms was, called :, (d) Buranjis, Match the following columns :, Column I, Column II, Buranjis, (e) Chronicles of, Ahoms, Rani Durgavati, (d) Akbar, Cheros, (c) Eastern India, Kolis, (b) Western India, Todas, (a) Southern India, Very Short Answer Type Questions :, Name any three occupations followed, by the tribals in the Medieval Period., The tribals were farmers, hunters, cattle, herders, artisans,etc., Give names of any two tribes found in, the Western parts of India., Bhils, and Kolis, Which tribal community could get, together and establish an independent, kingdom in Central India ?, The Gonds., Which tribal kingdom threw away the, Mughal rulers from their kingdom ?, The Ahoms, Short Answer Type Questions :, Give any two reasons because of which, we could not learn much about the, tribals., The tribal lived in far off places and did, not mingle much with people around,, secondly they did not allow any one in, their community. Thirdly they never kept, their written record., Why was it difficult to attack the tribals ?, , Social Science - 7 / (12)

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Ans., , 3., Ans., , 4., Ans., , E., 1., Ans., , 2., , Ans., , it was difficult to attack the tribals, because they never settled at one place, and moved from one place to another., Moreover they lived in far off places, where it was even difficult to reach., What do we know about the life of the, nomadic tribals ?, The life of the nomadic tribals was really, difficult. They moved in the search of, pastures. The time pasture become, empty they uses to move in the search, of other pastures., Who were Gonds ? How did they get, their name ?, Gonds were the tribals in the Central, India, who were very powerful, community of tribals. They got their, name from the Telgu word Konda which, mean shills., Long Answer Type Questions :, Explain why we could not know much, about the tribals., The tribal lived in far off places and it is, really difficult to reach those places so, there was no outside contact with the, tribals. They did not mingle much with, people around. Secondly they did not, allow any one in their community. They, do not share their life with any out sider., Thirdly they never kept their written, record. Their customs and rituals are, transferred from one generation to, another. They do not easily mingle with, outsiders and do not allow them to be a, part of them., How can we differentiate the tribals in, different types based on the occupations, followed by them ?, we can classify the tribals into two, classes based upon the way they take, on their occupation., Settled cultivators were those, communities which have settled at one, place in order to take up their, occupation. They became farmers,, hunters, artisans etc., The Mobile trade communities were, those which moved from one place to, another in search of pastures. They fed, their animals and traded the milk of the, , 3., Ans., , 4., Ans., , A., 1., , Ans., 2., , Ans., , animals for different things like grains,, honey, wool etc. once the pastures, exhausted they moved to another place., They were also in the trade of animals, like horses , goats, buffaloes etc. such, tribes were called the nomadic traders., Who were Ahoms ? Write a short note, on their kingdom., Ahoms were the tribal communities who, had migrated from China. They fought, with the local tribes and won over them, to establish their own territory. It is, believed that the name Assam has, come from Ahom. They formed a strong, and stable kingdom in north-east Assam, and expanded their kingdom after, acquiring territories around. The Ahoms, were defeated by Akbar and later they, regained their territory by throwing, Akbar off. They maintain their chronicles, called buranjis., Write a short note on the kingdom of, Gonds., The Gonds were the powerful tribal, community in the Central parts of India., They lived in the hills of Narmada Valley, and adjoining areas., Earlier the Rajputs ruled over the, Gonds, later they collected themselves, and established a powerful Gonds state., They established themselves well in, todays Madhya Pradesh and, Maharashtra. They had their capitals, Mandla, Khera, Chanda and Deogarh., They chose river banks and forests to, establish their state. It looked after their, food needs and security., Chapter-9, Tick (3) mark the correct option :, This saint belonged to Bhakti movement, and started a new of musical worship, called kirtan., (c) Chaitanya, This saint spread the message of Bhakti, movement in Maharashtra and popularised the worship of Lord Vitthala., (d) Tukaram, , Social Science - 7 / (13)

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3., Ans., 4., Ans., 5., Ans., 6., Ans., 7., Ans., 8., Ans., 9., Ans., 10., Ans., B., Ans., , C., Ans., , She was a Rajput Princess but devoted, her life throughout to Lord Krishna., (a) Mirabai, The word 'Sufi' came from the word :, (c) suf, The musical and dance session of, worshipping in Sufism was called :, (b) Sama, This book has the preachings of Kabir, compiled in it., (c) Bijak, The Sufism originated in :, (b) South-west Asia, The practice of common kitchen or, Langar was started by :, (a) Guru Nanak Dev, The place where Sufi Saints lived was, called, (c) Khanqah, The Khalsa Panth was founded by :, (a) Guru Gobin Singh, Fill in the blanks :, 1. Two main religious movements, famous in India during the Medieval, Period were Bhakti movement and, Sufism., 2. Women were also part of Bhakti, movement. Two prominent women, saints of Bhakti movement were, Mirabai and Janabai., 3. Bijak is a book containing the, philosophy of Sant Kabir., 4. Guru Nanak Dev started the, concept of a common kitchen called, langar., 5. Dargah of famous Sufi saint, _Khwaja Muin-ud- din Chishti is, there in Ajmer., Write 'T' for true and 'F' for false, statements :, 1. Kabir Das was brought up in a, Muslim family., T, 2. Guru Nanak Dev started Khalsa, Panth., F, 3. Dargah of Hazrat Nizam-ud-din, Aulia (R.A.) is at Ajmer., F, 4. Chishti Silsilah belongs to Sufi, movement., T, , D., 1., Ans., , 2., Ans., , 3., Ans., , 4., , Ans., , 5., Ans., , 6., Ans., 7., Ans., , E., 1., Ans., , 5. Baba Farid Shakarganj (R.A.) was, the Saint of Sufi movement., T, Short Answer Type Questions :, What do you mean by Bhakti, movement ?, Bhakti movement was a religious, movement, which did not believe in, rituals and inequality. This movement, stressed upon the union of humans with, the God., Who were Alvar and Nayanar saints ?, The Alvars and the Nayanar were the, saints who popularised the Bhakti, Movement by teaching devotion and, preaching to surrender to God., Who was Shankaracharya ?, Shankaracharya revived Hinduism by, establishing five centers of learning, called Mathas., What was the purpose of, Shankaracharya in establishing Mathas, in all the four directions of India ?, He established Mathas in all the four, directions so that people of all the, castes, religions and regions can come, together and live together., How did Chaitanya Mahaprabhu brought, change in the way people used to pray ?, He popularised the use of musical, instruments and singing in chorus to, pray to the God. It was called kirtan., What do you mean by 'Sama' in, Sufism ?, Sama in Sufism means praying with, music and dance session., Where did Sufi saints live and what was, the importance of that place ?, Sufi saints lived in Khanqahs. Here all, poor and needy were fed. Travelers, were also given food free of cost here., Long Answer Type Questions :, What were the teachings of the Bhakti, movement ?, People belonging to Bhakti movement, did not believe in rituals. They followed, their own path where the caste, inequalities were not considered and, , Social Science - 7 / (14)

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2., Ans., , 3., , Ans., , 4., Ans., , every human being was considered, equal irrespective of his caste, creed or, religion. This emovement stressed upon, the unity of humans with the God, and total surrender of humans to the, God., Write a short note on life and work of, Guru Nanak Dev., Gurur Nanak Dev ji is considered as the, first Guru of the Sikhs. He was born in, Nanakana Sahib, in Pakistan. He, always remained in the company of, religious people and sang hymns. He, always emphasized on the worship of, one God or Ik Omkar. He preached love, and harmony to people, he preached to, respect all religions. He started the ritual, of common kitchen called langar, where, people of all castes could sit together, and eat together., He told his deciples to follow three rules:, Nam Japo, Kirat Karo and Vand key, Chakko., Where did Sufism come to India from ?, Were Sufi teachings different from the, teachings of Bhakti movement ? What, were the similarities in them ?, Sufism originated in West Asia and, many sufi saints settled in India. There, are many similarities between the Bhakti, movement and Sufism as both preached, simple loving and loving all.They, believed in one God and equality of, humans., Write short notes on the following :, (a) Chishti Silsilah, Chishti Silsila was started by great sufi, saint Khawaja Mouin-ud-Din Chishti. His, dargah is in Ajmer. Even Akbar was his, follower and went to Ajmer from Agra on, foot when he was blessed with a son., Some other great saints of this silsila, were, Khawaja Qutb-ud-Din Bakhtiar, Kaki and Farid-ud-Din Shakarganj., Khawaja Salim Chishti at Fatehpur Sikri, , Ans., , Ans., , A., 1., Ans., 2., Ans., 3., Ans., 4., Ans., 5., Ans., 6., Ans., 7., Ans., , was his grandson whom Akbar followed, and named his son on his name., (b) Sikhism, Sikhism was started by Guru Nank Dev, who was the first Guru of the Sikhs. He, was followed by nine more gurus., Although he is considered the founder of, the Sikhism but the present form of the, Sikhism is the result of Khalsa Panth, which was established by the Tenth, Guru Gobind Singh. He gave five, symbols of Sikhism to the Sikhs, namely, kesh, kangha, kada, kacha and kirpan., He added Singh to the names of all the, Sikhs., (c) Chaitanya Mahaprabhu, Chaitanya Mahaprabhu was great, Bhakti Saint, who changed the way, people used to pray. He added musical, instruments and singing to the prayer., He used to sing hymns and dance, along., Chapter-10, Tick (3) mark the correct option :, This language was prevalent in India, since ancient period., (c) Sanskrit, Urdu was fusion of both these, languages., (b) Hindi and Persian, ________ introduced the miniature, painting in India., (c) The Mughals, Bharatanatyam evolved during the rule, of the _________., (a) Cholas, Tenali Rama was the court jester in the, court of_____________., (a) Krishanadevaraya, Aurangzeb was an expert player of this, musical instrument., (c) Veena, Raga Darbari was composed by :, (b) Mian Tansen, , Social Science - 7 / (15)

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8., , Ans., B., 1., , Ans., 2., Ans., 3., Ans., 4., Ans., 5., Ans., C., Ans., , D., 1., , Ans., , 2., Ans., , 3., Ans., , This dance form was performed in the, darbaar of the Mughals for their, entertainment., (a) Kathakali, Very Short Answer Type Questions :, Name the Mughal ruler who allowed, only musical instruments to be played in, his court., Aurangzeb, Which Tughluq ruler was patron of, music ?, Firoz Shah Tughluq, Where did Urdu originate ?, In military camps of Ghazni, Name one literary work in Arabic., Fatwa-e- Alamgiri, Which ruler got Raga Darpan translated, in Persian ?, Firoz Shah Tughluq, Write 'T' for true and 'F' for false, statements :, 1. Sanskrit was a language spoken, from the ancient period., T, 2. Urdu was the language of the Turks., F, 3. Turks introduced Persian in India. T, 4. Tukaram was a Bengali poet., F, 5. Amuktamalyada was written by, Krishanadevaraya., T, Short Answer Type Questions :, Which regional languages evolved in, South India and under the rule of which, ruler ?, Tamil, Telgu and Kannada prospered, under the rule of the Cholas, while, Malayalam prospered under the rule of, Cheras., Why Urdu was known as the camp, language ?, Urdu was known as the camp language, as it originated in the military camps of, Ghazni. It was a fusion of Hindi and, Persian language which originated as a, link language., How did Kathakali get its name ?, Kathakali got its name from the format, on which it was based i.e. the depiction, of a katha or a story through dance., , 4., Ans., , 5., , Ans., , 6., Ans., , E., 1., Ans., , 2., Ans., , Who were devadasis ?, Devadasis were the girls who sacrificed, every worldly attraction for the sake of, their god and lived in temples only., Why did many artisans migrate to, different states from the Mughal court, after the death of Jahangir ?, Aurangzeb did not have any interest in, dance ,music or art. So many artisans, were rendered workless so they, migrated to other places in search of, some work., What are the distinctive features of the, temples of Bengal ?, The temples of Bengal were built using, brick and decorated using terracotta., The walls of the temple were decorated, using terracotta tiles depicting scenes, from epics., Long Answer Type Questions :, Describe the development of literature in, North India during the Medieval Period., During Medieval period most of the, literature in North India was composed, in Hindi and Sanskrit. Madhavacharya ,, Ramanuja and Vallabhacharya, composed many dramas, kavya, sangrahas and many short stories., Hindu Law books or Dharamshastras, were also composed in Sanskrit., Rahim a Muslim poet composed many, poems in Hindi. He was a Mughal, Noble. His dohas are still taught in, schools. Similarly Raskhan , a great, devotee of Lord Krishna wrote a lot, about the life of Lord Krishna. Another, important poet was Tulsidas who wrote, the story of Lord Rama in form of the, Ramayana. Surdas was a great devotee, of Lord Krishna. He was blind but he, wrote Sur Sagar., Can we call Akbar the patron of art and, literature ? If yes, then why ?, Akbar was a great patron of art and, literature. He had more than hundred, painters in his court. He had Hindu as, well as Muslim painters .later some, Portuguese and European painter too, came there., , Social Science - 7 / (16)

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3., Ans., , 4., Ans., , 5., Ans., , A., 1., , Ans., 2., Ans., 3., Ans., 4., Ans., , Akbar had a royal studio for paintings, which was called tasvir khana., Hundereds of painters worked there., Akbarnama by Abul Fazal had paintings, of that time., Write a short note on dance and music, of Bengal., Bengali music is basically folk in form, and based on rural Bengal. The, traditional musical instruments of Bengal, are Ektara , dotara, ghunguru, khol,, mandira, behala, and banshi. People, listened to folk drama called Jatra,, which is listened even today. One more, important folk music of Bengal is Baul,, which is sung by a special sect., Write a short note on the evolution of, different dance forms in South India., Many dance forms evolved in the, temples of South India. Bharatnatyam, evolved as a dance form to please gods, by the Devadasis in temples. Devadasis, devoted their lives to the god and, sacrificed all worldly attractions for god., Discuss the main features of Mughal, painting., Mughal paintings had new themes, and, colours. They depicted court scenes,, marriages, and ceremonies through, their paintings. Later vibrant Indian, colours were added to the paintings., Indian painters also added a three, dimensional effect to the plane paintings, of Persian style., Chapter-11, Tick (3) mark the correct option :, This was one of the most powerful, provinces to get disintegrated from the, Mughal Empire., (d) Hyderabad, The rulers of this state are called, Nizams., (a) Hyderabad, This Rajput ruler constructed many, astronomical observatories., (b) Raja Jai Singh, This city was founded by Sawai Raja Jai, Singh., (d) Jaipur, , 5., Ans., 6., , Ans., 7., Ans., 8., , Ans., 9., , Ans., 10., , Ans., B., Ans., , C., Ans., , D., , He was the Sikh Guru who founded, Khalsa Panth., (b) Guru Gobind Singh, He was a brave commander of Guru, Gobind Singh who fought after the death, of Guru Gobind Singh., (c) Banda Bahadur, Name of Shivaji's father was :, (b) Shah ji, He started ruling over Hyderabad on his, own and later Aurangzeb had to accept, him as the king., (a) Nizam-ul-Mulk, He took away the famous Kohinoor, diamond and Peacock throne of Shah, Jahan., (a) Nadir Shah, Muhammad Shah appointed him the, governor of Awadh, later he started, ruling as an independent ruler., (a) Sadaat Khan, Fill in the blanks :, 1. The successors of Aurangzeb were, called Later Mughals., 2. The Sayyid brothers were called the, King Makers during the Mughal rule., 3. Defeat in the Battle of Buxar in, 1764, established the British rule in, Bengal., 4. Guru Teg Bahadur was put to death, by Aurangzeb for not embracing, Islam., 5. The scientifically planned city of, Jaipur was established by sawai, Raja Jai Singh., Write 'T' for true and 'F' for false, statements :, 1. Aurangzeb was the last Mughal, Emperor., F, 2. Banda Bahadur founded the Khalsa, Panth., F, 3. Sawai Jai Singh was interested in, Science and Astronomy., T, 4. Shivaji was the son of Shah Ji, Bhosale., T, 5. The successors of Shivaji were, brave and expanded the empire left, by Shivaji., F, Very Short Answer Type Questions :, , Social Science - 7 / (17)

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1., Ans., 2., Ans., 3., Ans., 4., Ans., 5., , Ans., 6., Ans., E., 1., Ans., , 2., Ans., 3., Ans., 4., Ans., 5., Ans., 6., Ans., 7., , Who invaded Mughal Empire in 1739 ?, Nadir Shah, Which foreign invader took away the, Kohinoor diamond ?, Nadir Shah, Which province of the Mughal Empire, was governed by Saadat Khan ?, Awadh, Who took the title of Nizam-ul-Mulk Asaf, Jah ?, Chin Qilich Khan, What was the name of the province, which consisted of areas in and around, Lucknow ?, Awadh, Who was the successor of Shivaji, Bhosale ?, Sambha ji, Short Answer Type Questions :, Who were Sayyid brothers ? Why were, they called the King makers ?, Sayyid brothers were the nobles in the, Mughal court. One was the Mir Bakhshi, and the other was at the position of, Wazir. They were very influential in the, court. They removed Jahandar Shah, from the throne and appointed, Farrukhsiyar as the king., Who was Tipu Sultan ?, Tipu Sultan was the ruler of Mysore and, was kown as the Tiger of Mysore., Who were the Ashtpradhans ?, The council of ministers in the rule of, Shivaji were called the Ashtpradhanas., What do you know about Banda, Bahadur ?, Banda Bahadur was a great commander, of Guru Gobind Singh., What do you know about the army of, Shivaji ?, Shiva ji had a powerful army consisting, of infantry, cavalry, and even artillery., Who was Siraj-ud-daulah ? What was, he famous for ?, Siraj-ud daula was the nawab of Bengal., Who defeated Shivaji and what, , Ans., , F., 1., Ans., , 2., Ans., , 3., , Ans., , happened as a result of this defeat ?, Aurangzeb defeated Shivaji and as a, result Shivaji had to accept Aurangzeb, as his overlord., Long Answer Type Questions :, How did Bengal emerge as an independent province ?, Bengal took advantage of the weak, centre and emerged as a semiindependent kingdom. The governor of, Bengal Murshid Quli Khan started ruling, independently. He made Murshidabad, as his capital. In this way Bengal, emerged as an independent province., How did Sikhs develope as the super, power in Punjab ?, After fighting against the Mughals for, many years, the Sikhs could not, establish a striong rule. Guru Gobind, Singh and his four sons died at the, hands of the Mughals. But at the time, the Nadir Shah invaded the Mughals,, the control of the Mughals over Lahore, and Multan got weak. Taking advantage, of this Sikhs strengthened themselves, and established a powerful rule over, Punjab. Raja Ranjit Sigh made Punjab, one of the Prosperous and Peaceful, Province in the country., Write a short note on the successful, establishment of the Maratha rule by, Shivaji Bhosale., Shivaji was very ambitious and wanted, to establish a strong and big Maratha, kingdom. He gathered all the hill people, and trained them in guerrilla warfare. He, captured many forts. He captured major, forts like Torna fort, Purandhar fort. This, caused confrontations with Bijapur, kingdom and Mughals., Sjhivaji defeated the invading army of, Bijapur and killed its commander Afzal, Khan. Later Shaista Khan invaded Shiva, ji. He was leading the Mughal army., Shivaji defeated that army. Again, Aurangzeb sent Jai Singh, his most, trusted general, who defeated Shivaji ., He was arrested in Agra but was able to, escape and reached back. He later, announced himself as the king and took, , Social Science - 7 / (18)

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4., Ans., , 5., Ans., , 6., Ans., , the title of Chhatrapati. Later Aurangzeb, had to accept him as a king., Discuss the revenue administration of, Shivaji., land revenue was the main source of, income of the state. Farmers paid onefifth of their produce as their tax. In the, areas of the Mughal Shivaji levied two, types of taxes Chauth and, Sardeshmukhi. Sardeshmukhi was a, tributary tax., How did the Peshwas rise in power in, the Maratha kingdom ?, After death of Shivaji's son, the, successors proved very weak. This, gave rise to the transfer of administration to the ministers of the Maratha, kingdom. This gave rise to the power of, Peshwas and this resulted into Peshwa, rule., How was the independent Nizam rule, started in Hyderabad ? Explain., Chin Qilich Khan was given the, responsibility of Deccan. He was a, powerful noble in the court of, Farrukhsiyar . Qilich was also awarded, the title of Nizam-ul-Mulk Asaf Jah. He, founded the state of Hyderabad and, ruled like an independent ruler. Though, the Mughal emperor was not happy with, him but he could not stop him. His, successors were later called the nizams., , Social Science - 7 / (19)

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A., 1., Ans., 2., Ans., 3., Ans., 4., Ans., 5., Ans., 6., Ans., B., Ans., , C., 1., Ans., , 2., Ans., 3., Ans., , 4., , Geography, Chapter-1, Tick (3) mark the correct option :, All external conditions in which human, beings live make up their :, (a) environment, The French word 'environer' means :, (d) to surround, On the basis of origin, the environment, can be of ________ types., (b) two, Natural environment constitutes of the :, (c) both biotic and abiotic components, There are ____________ main layers of, the earth., (b) three, The outermost crusty layer of the earth, is called :, (c) lithosphere, Fill in the blanks :, 1. The water present on the earth's, surface is referred to as the, hydrosphere ., 2. The envelope of air which surrounds, the earth is called earth's, environment., 3. T h e n a r r o w z o n e w h e r e, lithosphere, hydrosphere and, atmosphere meet and interact with, each other is called the biosphere., 4. The word biosphere comes from the, bio and sphera., Short Answer Type Questions :, What is an ecosystem ?, The system of interaction between the, organisms and their physical, environment at a particular place is, called an ecosystem, What is a biosphere ?, Biosphere is the zone which contains all, the elements to sustain life., What are the causes of pollution in, environment ?, Urbanisation, industrialisation, and other, scientific development cause pollution in, environment., Explain the following terms :, (a) lithosphere, , And., , Ans., , Ans., , Ans., D., 1., Ans., , 2., Ans., , 3., , Ans., , 4., Ans., , The outer crust of the earth is called the, Lithosphere., (b) hydrosphere, The part of the earth having water on it, is called hydrosphere., (c) environment, The surrounding in which all the living, beings exist is called environment., (d) urbanisation, Urbanisation means occurance of new, cities at a place., Long Answer Type Questions :, Explain the word ecosystem. What is its, importance ?, The system of interaction between the, organisms and their physical, environment at a particular place is, called an ecosystem., Ecosystem is very important in, understanding the relationship of the, biological and physical environment. It is, also helpful in understanding the, presence of flora and fauna of a, particular place., Explain the main components of the, environment., The main components of our natural, environment are the biotic components, and the Abiotic components., Biotic components consist of all the, living components of the environment or, the biological environment., Abiotic components consist of all the, non-living components of the physical, environment., What is the difference between the, biotic components and abiotic, components ?, The biotic component are the living, components like plants and animals, etc. Abiotic component are the non, lining components like air, water etc., What are the consequences of the, disturbance in the balance of nature ?, The disturbance created by human, beings in nature has resulted into, pollution. Addition of unwanted materials, in the nature is called pollution., , Social Science - 7 / (20)

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Environmental pollution is caused due to, activities like urbanisation, industrialisation and other scientific developments., , A., 1., Ans., 2., Ans., 3., Ans., 4., Ans., 5., Ans., 6., Ans., 7., Ans., 8., Ans., B., Ans., , C., Ans., , Chapter-2, Tick (3) mark the correct option :, Earth has ___________ layers., (b) three, The crust is the ___________ layer of, the earth., (d) uppermost, The thinnest layer of the earth is :, (b) crust, Which layer of the earth is made up of, silicon and magnesium ?, (b) Crust, In this layer of the earth there is very, high temperature and pressure., (a) Core, This is called the parent rock., (a) Igneous, This type of rock forms 75 % of the total, land area of the earth., (b) Sedimentary, This is not an igneous rock., (d) Marble, Fill in the blanks :, 1. The solid outer layer of the earth is, called continental crust., 2. Soil is the highest point of the crust, on earth., 3. The molten material in the core of, the earth is called magma., 4. Sandstone is metamorphosed into, quartz., 5. The change of one type of rock into, another is called metamorphosis., Write 'T' for true and 'F' for false, statements :, 1. The earth is formed of three types of, rocks., T, 2. The inner core contains magma. F, 3. The inner core of the earth is solid., T, 4. Metamorphic rocks are very hard. T, , D., 1., Ans., 2., Ans., , 3., Ans., , 4., Ans., , 5., Ans., , E., 1., Ans., , 2., Ans., , 3., Ans., , Short Answer Type Questions :, Name the three layers of the earth in, their order., Crust, mantle and core, Describe the structure of the crust of the, earth., The crust of the earth is a thin and top, most layer of the earth. It is in the form, of solid where all plants grow., How are extrusive igneous rocks, formed ?, Extrusive Igneous rocks are formed, when the molten magma get solidified, on the surface of the earth., Write any three characteristics of, metamorphic rocks., a) They are very hard., b) They remain in their original position, even after the change., c) They do not have empty space in, them., How are rocks useful for us ? Write any, three uses., a) Rocks are used as the building, material., b) We get different chemicals from the, rocks like potash., c) We get precious stones from the, rocks., Distinguish between the following :, Intrusive and extrusive igneous rocks., Intrusive rocks are formed by the, solidification of the magma in the, fissures of the crust. Extrusive Igneous, rocks are formed by the solidification of, the magma on the surface of the earth., Crust and core, Crust is the upper most layer of the, earth while the core is the inner most, layer., Igneous and sedimentary rocks, Igneous rocks are the parent rocks, which are formed after the solidification, of the molten magma., Sedimentary rocks are formed by the, breaking down or weathering of the, Igneous rocks., , Social Science - 7 / (21)

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F., 1., Ans., a), , b), , c), , 2., Ans., , 3., Ans., , 4., Ans., , 5., Ans., , Long Answer Type Questions :, Describe the structure of the earth., The earth consists of three consecutive, layers :, Crust : is the upper most layer which is, solid and very thin. The upper crust or, the continental crust, which forms the, surface of the continents, is thicker than, the lower crust or the oceanic crust. The, oceanic crust is thin. The upper crust is, in the form of soil in which our plants, grow., Mantle : middle layer of earth is called, mantle. It lies just below the crust. It is, found below the continents and under, the oceans. Mantle has the maximum, mass of the earth., Core : the core of the earth is divided, into two parts - the outer core and the, inner core. The outer core is in molten, form and the inner core is in the solid, form. The core is composed of nickel, and iron., Describe the structure of the core of the, earth., The core of the earth is divided into two, parts - the outer core and the inner core., The outer core is in molten form and the, inner core is in the solid form. The core, is composed of nickel and iron., Why is magma found in the core of the, earth ?, The core of the earth has high pressure, and heat as it is the inner most layer of, the earth., Explain how igneous rocks are formed., Igneous rocks are formed out of molten, magma. Due to excessive heat magma, is formed under the earth which is, thrown out during volcanic eruption. On, cooling the molten magma take form of, the Igneous rock., Explain the rock cycle., All the rocks originate from the primary, rocks. Due to weathering by the natural, agents, the primary rocks break into, smaller pieces causing the origin of the, sedimentary rocks. Due to exposure to, , G., , Ans., , A., 1., Ans., 2., Ans., 3., Ans., 4., Ans., 5., Ans., 6., Ans., 7., , Ans., B., Ans., , the excessive heat and pressure they, change into metamorphic rocks. The, primary rocks and the metamorphic, rocks get buried and change into, magma to form the primary rocks again,, in this way the rock cycle keeps on, going., Categorise the following as igneous,, sedimentary or metamorphic rocks :, Marble, sandstone, limestone, quartz,, shale, coal, dolerite, granite, slate,, basalt and gnesis, Igneous : Basalt, Sedimentary : Sandstone, limestone,, shale, coal, Metamorphic : Marble, granite, slate,, gnesis, Chapter-3, Tick (3) mark the correct option :, A person who studies and forecasts the, weather is called a :, (a) meteorologist, This is an example of exogenic forces, acting on the earth., (d) Wind, This force acts from inside of the earth., (b) Endogenous, This is an active volcano., (a) Mt. Etna, This is not a kind of seismic wave., (c) Sr wave, The funnel-shaped basin surrounding, the mouth of the volcano is called :, (d) Crater, The Bureau of Indian Standard have, divided India into _____________, seismic zones., (a) five, Fill in the blanks :, 1. The original supercontinent was, called Pangaea., 2. Wegener put forward the theory of, Continental Drift., 3. Vertical movement gives rise to rift, valleys and horizontal movement, to mountains., , Social Science - 7 / (22)

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C., Ans., , D., 1., Ans., , 2., Ans., , 3., Ans., , Ans., , E., 1., Ans., 2., Ans., 3., Ans., 4., , 4. Mt. Vesuvius is a sleeping volcano., Write 'T' for true and 'F' for false, statements :, 1. Wegener was a seismologist., F, 2. Richter Scale has been named after, the seismologist who invented this, scale., T, 3. The Mid-Continental belt has ring of, fire in it., F, 4. Barren Island is an example of an, active volcano., T, Write short notes on the following :, Extinct volcanoes, Extinct volcanoes are the dead ones, and have not erupted for hundreds of, years. e. g. Mt. Kilimanjaro in East, Africa., Richter scale, The Richter scale was designed by an, American seismologist Charles Richter., It ranges from 0 to 9. With increasing, number the intensity of earthquake, increases., Continental drift theory, Alfred Wenger put forward the theory of, Continental Drift. According to this, theory all the continents together, formed a single super continent called, Pangaea. Due to internal and external, pressures this land mass drifted, horizontally apart giving birth to, continents and oceans., Seismic waves, The shock waves or the vibrations sent, from focus are called seismic waves., They spread out in concentric waves., Very Short Answer Type Questions :, Name the scale used to measure the, earthquakes., The Richter Scale, Compression or pushing in the crust of, the earth gives rise to which landform ?, Valley, The upliftment in the crust of earth, causes the formation of which landform?, Plateau, Which seismic waves produce a strong, shaking action ?, , Ans., 5., Ans., F., 1., Ans., , 2., Ans., , 3., Ans., , 4., Ans., G., 1., Ans., , 2., Ans., , 3., Ans., , Secondary waves, Name the areas which suffered near, total destruction in Bhuj earthquake., Bhuj, Anjar, Bachau and Rapar, Short Answer Type Questions :, Explain how earthquakes occur ?, Earthquake occurs due to the sudden, movement of the earth which originates, from the interior of the earth., Why the dormant volcanoes are called, the sleeping volcanoes ?, As the Dormant volcanoes have not, shown any activity for a long time, they, area called sleeping volcanoes., Explain the earthquake that hit Bhuj in, 2001., This was a powerful earthquake of 7.7, magnitude causing a lot of damage to, life and property., Name the forces acting on the earth, according to their origin., Endogenic and Exogenic forces., Long Answer Type Questions :, Explain the Alfred Wegener's theory of, Continental rift., Alfred Wenger put forward the theory of, Continental Drift. According to this, theory all the continents together, formed a single super continent called, Pangaea. Due to internal and external, pressures this land mass drifted, horizontally apart giving birth to, continents and oceans., What is the theory of Plate Tectonic ?, According to this theory, the earth, consists of plates known as Plates, Tectonic or Lithosphere played floating, on the molten mantle. There are 6 major, and 21 minor plates. The plates are, moving under the influence of forces, generated by the earth. The rate of, move of these plates is very slow., Tectonic activities of the earth like, volcanic eruption etc occur along the, margins of these plated., Describe different types of volcanoes, depending upon their action., Volcanoes are Active, Dormant and, , Social Science - 7 / (23)

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4., Ans., , 5., Ans., , A., 1., Ans., 2., Ans., 3., Ans., , Extinct depending upon their activity., Active volcanoes errupt frequently and, throw out lava, gases, ashese, and, molten rocks. They are also called the, living volcanoes e. g. Barren Island in, Andaman Sea in India., Extinct volcanoes are the dead ones, and have not erupted for hundreds of, years. e. g. Mt. Kilimanjaro in East, Africa., Dormant volcanoes have not erupted for, a long time and are also called the, sleeping volcanoes e. g. Mt. Vesuvius, in Itlay., Describe the distribution of volcanoes, on the earth., Volcanoes are distributed in two belts., The Circum-Pacific Belt encircle the, pacific ocean and is called Pacific Ring, of Fire. Rocky mountains and the, Andese have most of the Volcanoes., The second belt is called the Mid World, Mountain belt which runs through middle, of Europe and Asia through Alps and, Himalayas., Describe different types of seismic, waves., Following are different types of sesmic, waves:, Primary waves or the push waves, arrive first and do not cause much, displacement., Secondary Waves or the shake waves, cause the shaking of the surface. These, waves do not pass through liquids., Surface waves are the last to arrive and, travel over the surface of the earth, causing the maximum damage., Chapter-4, Tick (3) mark the correct option :, A cover of gases surrounding our earth, is called :, (a) atmosphere, The atmosphere has ______ layers., (c) five, This is not the layer of our atmosphere., (d) Hydrosphere, , 4., Ans., 5., , Ans., 6., Ans., 7., , Ans., 8., Ans., 9., Ans., 10., Ans., B., 1., 2., 3., 4., , C., Ans., , D., 1., Ans., , This is the topmost layer of the, atmosphere., (c) Exosphere, Which of the following gases present in, our environment is considered a light, gas ?, (d) Both (a) and (c), This gas present in our environment, saves us from ultraviolet rays of the sun., (d) Ozone, This gas is present in the first layer of, the atmosphere because it is a heavy, gas., (c) oxygen, This is the layer of the atmosphere, which merges with the space., (d) Exosphere, This is the coldest layer of the, atmosphere., (b) Mesosphere, Stratopause is the boundary between, these two layers., (a) Mesosphere and stratosphere, Fill in the blanks :, The density of air is least in Exosphere, layer of the atmosphere., The density of air is highest in, Troposphere layer of the atmosphere., Jet planes have their flying zone in, stratosphere layer of the atmosphere., Besides gases, the atmosphere also, contains water vapours and dust, particles., Write 'T' for true and 'F' for false, statements :, 1. The exosphere has electrically, charged particles., F, 2. Troposphere is the topmost layer of, the atmosphere., F, 3. Carbon dioxide is helpful in, manufacturing food by the plants. F, 4. Oxygen is used for the process of, photosynthesis., T, Distinguish between the following :, Troposphere and exosphere, Troposphere is the lowest layer of the, atmosphere while the Exosphere is the, , Social Science - 7 / (24)

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2., Ans., , 3., Ans., , E., 1., Ans., 2., , Ans., 3., Ans., 4., Ans., 5., Ans., 6., Ans., F., 1., Ans., , 2., Ans., , 3., , outermost layer. All important gases are, present in Troposphere while only light, gases like helium and hydrogen are, present in Troposphere., Mesosphere and stratosphere, Mesophere lies above Stratoshere., Temperature in Stratoshere increase, with increase in hight. In Mesophere, temperature decrease with increase in, hight., Mesopause and stratopause, Stratopause occurs beteeen the, boundaries of stratosphere and, mesosphere., Mesopause occurs between the, boundaries of Mesosphere and the, thermosphere., Very Short Answer Type Questions :, What is our atmosphere made up of ?, Our atmosphere is made up of gases., What is the percentage of carbon, dioxide, hydrogen, ozone, helium and, argon in the atmosphere ?, 1 percent, Which gas has the highest percentage, in the atmosphere ?, Nitrogen, What does the Latin word 'tropo' mean ?, Change, Which layer of the atmosphere contains, oxygen ?, Troposphere, What holds atmosphere around the, earth ?, Gravitational force of the earth, Short Answer Type Questions :, Why do the mountaineers need to carry, oxygen cylinders with them ?, As we move upwards the concentration, of oxygen decreases. This, mountaineers need oxygen cylinder., What do you mean by normal, lapse rate ?, The process of decrease in temperature, as we go up in the Troposphere by the, rate of 1°C per 165m is called the, normal lapse rate., Why do the jet planes have their flying, zone in stratosphere ?, , Ans., , 4., Ans., , 5., Ans., , G., 1., Ans., , 2., Ans., , 3., Ans., , 4., Ans., , Jeet planes fly in Stratoshere because it, has no disturbing phenomena of the, change in weather., How is thermosphere helpful in, communication ?, Thermoshere has electically charged, particles called inons. These ions help in, transmitting the communication signals., Write two advantages of atmosphere., a) Atmosphere gives air to animals and, plants to live., b) It protects earth from falling, heavenly bodies like meteors etc., Long Answer Type Questions :, Define atmosphere. Why is it important, for us ?, The envelope of air surrounding the, earth is called the atmosphere. It is a life, giving layer of gases which have gases, like oxygen and nitrogen which are very, important for all living organisms., Atmosphere protects earth from heat, and harmful ultraviolet rays of the sun., All weather phenomena occur in this., What are the main features of troposphere ?, This is the lowest layer of the, atmosphere and the thickest layer. All, changes regarding weather take place, in this layer which makes it a very, important layer. Temperature decreases, as we go up in this layer., How is ozone helpful for the living, organisms on the earth ?, Ozone is very helpful for us. It absorbs, the ultraviolet rays of the sun. The, ultraviolet rays of the sun are very, harmful. This layer saves us from all the, harmful effects of the ultraviolet rays of, the sun., Which layer of atmosphere is most, important for us ? And why ?, Troposphere is the most important layer, of the atmosphere as all the changes, regarding weather occur in this layer. It, also protects us from heart of the sun, and keeps us cool. All weather, phenomena like clouds, rain, fog,, thunder, frost, lightening etc.occur in this, layer., , Social Science - 7 / (25)

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5., Ans., , Ans., , Ans., , A., 1., Ans., 2., Ans., 3., Ans., 4., Ans., 5., Ans., 6., Ans., 7., Ans., 8., Ans., B., , Write short notes on the following :, (a) Stratosphere, Stratosphere lies above Troposphere, and is disturbance free zone as there, are no weather phenomena present, here. It has Ozonosphere which absorbs, the ultraviolet rays of the sun and, protect the atmosphere from the harmful, effects of ultraviolet rays., (b) Exosphere, Exosphere is the outermost layer of the, atmosphere. Here air is very thin. It has, light gases like hydrogen and helium., (c) Ozonosphere, The lower part of Stratoshere had high, concentration of ozone and is called, ozonosphere. Ozone absorbs the, ultraviolet rays of the sun., Chapter-5, Tick (3) mark the correct option :, Insolation is the :, (a) amount of solar energy or heat, received on the earth., This is used to measure the speed of, the winds., (a) Anemometer, Barometer is used to measure, (b) atmospheric pressure, Atmospheric pressure is measured in :, (d) mb, These winds blow constantly in a, particular direction throughout the year., (b) Planetary, This is an example of periodic wind., (b) Monsoon Winds, This is not a cloud., (c) Chinook, This is not a form of precipitation., (b) Fog, Fill in the blanks :, 1. Air temperature , air pressure,, winds rain, etc. are the elements of, weather and climate., 2. The atmosphere is heated by, terrestrial radiation., 3. Air blows from high pressure, region to low pressure region., , C., 1., Ans., 2., Ans., 3., Ans., 4., Ans., 5., Ans., D., 1., Ans., , 2., Ans., , 3., Ans., , 4., Ans., , 5., Ans., E., 1., Ans., , 4. Heat received on the earth is called, insolation., 5. Moisture to the atmosphere is, added by the process of evaporation., Very Short Answer Type Questions :, Which is the hottest zone on the earth ?, Torrid Zone, Which is the coldest zone on the earth ?, Frigid Zone, How many pressure belts are there on, the earth ?, Seven, What is the boiling point on the, Fahrenheit Scale ?, 212 °F, Which process causes rain ?, Condensation, Short Answer Type Questions :, What is atmospheric pressure ?, Weight exerted by the air on the surface, of the earth is called the atmospheric, pressure., How are winds formed ?, Winds are formed by moving of air from, a high pressure region to a low pressure, region., How is atmosphere heated ?, The atmosphere is heated through, different processes like conduction,, convection, radiation and advection., What do you mean by relative humidity ?, Relative humidity is the ratio between, the actual amount of water vapours in, an air mass at a particular temperature, and the total amount of water vapour, that air mass can hold at that, temperature., What do you mean by condensation ?, Condensation is the conversion of water, vapours into water droplets., Long Answer Type Questions :, What is a climate ? How is it different, from weather ?, Climate is the weather conditions, prevailing over a long period of time at a, , Social Science - 7 / (26)

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2., Ans., , 3., Ans., , 4., Ans., , specific place. It is different from, weather as weather is state of, Atmosphere at a specific time at any, one place. Climate take into, consideration a longer period of time as, compared to climate which is related, work a very short period of time., Explain any two elements of weather, and climate., Following are the element which, influence the weather and climate of a, place., Atmospheric Temperature : the heat of, the sun is not the same at all the places, in the earth. Places close to equator, recieve maximum heat and areas close, to poles get minimum heat. The earth's, surface absorbs maximum heat during, the day and at night reflects it back. As, all parts of the earth do not get the same, heat thus it forms three heat zones., Heating of the atmosphere also, influence climate and weather. Heat is, transferred form one medium to another, through conviction, convection, radiation, and advection., Atmospheric Pressure increases or, decreases with increase or decrease in, temperature and altitude resulting in, change in climate and weather., How are clouds formed ? What causes, the rainfall ?, Due to the phenomenon of condensation, clouds, fog and dew drops are formed., When drops of water condense around, the dust particles they join to form a, huge mass of clouds., Precipitation of condensed water, vapours fall on the earth in the form of, drizzle, rain, snow or hail. Rainfall is the, most important phenomenon on the, earth which is a life giving process of the, living beings., Give a brief account of planetary winds., The wind which blows throughout the, year in a particular direction is called, permanent wind or the planetary winds., Such winds are caused due to, permanent presence of low pressure, and high pressure belts on the surface, of the earth., , 5., Ans., , A., 1., Ans., 2., Ans., 3., Ans., 4., Ans., 5., Ans., 6., Ans., B., Ans., , The planetary winds are of three types, namely trade winds, westerlies and, polar winds., Explain various types of rainfalls., Rainfall is of following types ;, Convectional Rainfall occur due to, Conventional current formed by heated, water vapours. These rainfalls occur, suddenly along lightning and thunder., Orographic or Relief Rainfall occurs, when hot air ascend along the height of, mountains and cause rain due to, condensation and precipitation., Cyclonic Rainfall occurs when warm, air masses risesabove the cold air, masses. In the centre of these masses, an area of low pressure is created which, is surrounded by high pressure area., This causes swirling of wind towards the, centre. Due to condensation rainfall, starts along the path of the cyclone., Chapter-6, Tick (3) mark the correct option :, The amount of fresh water on the earth, is :, (b) 3%, Periodic rise and fall of the ocean water, at regular intervals of time is called :, (c) tide, This ocean does not have any life in it., (c) Dead Sea, This is the largest water body on the, earth., (b) Atlantic Ocean, Waves in the oceans are formed, basically because of :, (b) winds, This factor plays an important role in, forming ocean currents., (b) Gravitational pull of the moon and, the sun, Fill in the blanks :, 1. Ocean water is warmer near, equator and cooler near poles., 2. The movement of ocean water, basically takes place through, waves, tides and currents., 3. The highest and the lowest tides in, ocean are called spring tide and, neap tide., , Social Science - 7 / (27)

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C., Ans., , D., 1., Ans., 2., Ans., 3., , Ans., 4., Ans., 5., Ans., E., 1., Ans., 2., Ans., , 3., Ans., 4., Ans., , 4. Warm currents flow from the, equatorial region towards the, poles., Write 'T' for true and 'F' for false, statements :, 1. The phenomenon of alternate rise, and fall in the level of sea water is, called waves., F, 2. Cold current flows from the equator, towards the poles., F, 3. Waves are caused by action of, winds., T, 4. The earth is called a blue planet, due to blue colour of the outer, surface of the earth., F, Very Short Answer Type Questions :, What is the percentage of water present, in lakes and rivers ?, 0.0091%, Name the ocean which has the, maximum salinity., The Dead Sea, Why does an earthquake under the sea, water cause very high and disastrous, waves ?, It happens due to the great speed and, height of the waves., Which kind of tides are formed on a Full, Moon day ?, Spring Tide, Write one cause of the occurrence of, ocean current., Ocean currents occur due to the, variation in ocean temperature., Short Answer Type Questions :, Why the earth is called a blue planet ?, The earth is called a blue planet due to, presence of water on it., What is Tsunami ?, Tsunami is an earthquake under the sea, water resulting in very large and high, waves., Why cannot we consume the sea, water ?, We cannot consume sea water due to, its salinity., What is hydrological cycle ?, The interchanging of water from one, , 5., Ans., , F., 1., Ans., , 2., Ans., , 3., Ans., , 4., Ans., , form into another is called the water, cycle or the hydrological cycle., How do ocean currents affect the, climate in coastal region?, The warm ocean currents raise the, temperature of the adjoining areas,, while the cold currents reduce the, temperature of the adjoining land areas., Long Answer Type Questions :, What are tides ? How are they, produced?, Tides are the regular rise and fall in the, sea water, twice in a day. The reason, for the formation of tides in the sea is, the gravitational attraction of the moon, and the sun. As moon is close to earth it, exertes great force on the earth causing, water to rise. The Full moon and New, moon determine the height of the tide., How are tides useful ?, Tides are very useful., a) they help in navigation., b) they help in clearing the sediments, deposited by the rivers in their beds., c) high rise help in obtaining salt., d) they are helpful in catching fish., e) tides are now used for generating, electricity by using tidal energy., What are the causes which produce, tides and currents ?, The main causes of tides and currents, are the gravitational pulls of the moon, and the sun. Their attraction on the, earth cause tides. Currents are formed, due to various reasons which include, the temperature variation, density of, water etc. Following are the main, causes of the formation of the currents, in sea :, a) Variation in ocean temperature, b) Direction of the prevailing winds., c) Variation in density of water, d) Rotation of the earth, e) Shape and position of the coast., How does water cycle work ?, Interchange in the forms of water is, known as the water cycle. It starts with, the evaporation of water from the water, , Social Science - 7 / (28)

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5., Ans., , A., 1., Ans., 2., Ans., 3., Ans., 4., Ans., 5., Ans., 6., Ans., B., 1., 2., , 3., 4., 5., 6., C., , bodies due to heat of the sun. The water, after evaporation become precipitated, into clouds which in turn due to, condensation change into rain and refill, the water bodies. In this way the water, cycle keeps on going., Explain with an example how currents, are helpful for us., Currents are very useful for us. They, help in fishing in area around e.g., in, New found land and Japan., Currents are also good for navigation as, ships sailing along ocean currents move, faster., Chapter-7, Tick (3) mark the correct option :, Forests where trees shed their leaves at, a particular period., (a) Deciduous, Natural vegetation can be broadly, classified into ___________ types., (b) three, The forests of the world can be, classified into ___________ types., (a) six, Tropical rainforests are also known as :, (a) tropical deciduous forests, These forests are also known as Taiga., (d) Coniferous, Trees in this forest grow in pure stand., (d) Coniferous, Fill in the blanks :, Temperate deciduous forests have trees, like Oak, maple and poplar., In Mediterranean forests, trees have, broad leaves, long roots and a thick, bark., Tropical grasslands are also called, Savaana., Anaconda is one of the largest snakes, in the world., In Coniferous forests, trees of same, species are found., The plants in deserts have deep roots., Name the following :, , 1., , 2., , 3., 4., , D., 1., Ans., , 2., Ans., , 3., Ans., , E., 1., , Ans., , 2., Ans., , 3., , Any two trees found in Tropical, Evergreen Forests., Mahogany and rosewood, Any two animals found in Tundra, Region., Walrus and wolf, Any two trees found in Deserts., Dates and palm, Any two adaptations found in trees of, hot and dry deserts., spiny leaves and thick stem, Differentiate between the following :, Evergreen and deciduous forests, Evergreen forest are always green with, vegetation and they do not shed leaves., Deciduous forests have trees which, shed their leaves once in a year., Hot deserts and cold deserts, Hot deserts are very hot with low, rainfall. Thorny bushes and plants with, Thorny leaves and deep roots are found, here., Cold deserts have short summers and, long and icy winters. Very short and, small plants grow here like lichens., Tropical and temperate grasslands, Tropical forests have only tall grasses., Due to insufficient rain fall not much, plants are found here. Grasslands are, used to graze animals., Temperate Grasslands are dry and cold, area. Grass is short here which is, suitable for the rearing of cattle., Short Answer Type Questions :, What is natural vegetation ? Name the, types of natural vegetations found on, the earth., Plants that grow naturally are called, natural vegetation. Forests, Grasslands, and shrubs are types of natural, vegetation., What are the factors on which growth of, natural vegetation depends ?, Natural vegetation depends upon, temperature, rainfall, sunlight, soil type, etc., Why do deciduous trees shed their, leaves in summers ?, , Social Science - 7 / (29)

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Ans., , 4., Ans., 5., Ans., , F., 1., Ans., , 2., Ans., , 3., Ans., , 4., , Ans., , Deciduous trees shed their leaves to, conserve water as this region is, deficient in rainfall., Why do the animals in deserts not, venture out during the day ?, Animal donot move or to escape the hot, climate outside., How are animals of cold regions, adapted to the cold conditions ?, Animals in cold regions have thick layer, of fat under their skin and a coating of, fur outside their skin., Long Answer Type Questions :, Explain the natural vegetation of the, tropical evergreen forests., Natural vegetation in this region is, always green and growing throughout, the year. Trees donot shed their leaves., Trees are tall and densely grown, forming a canopy above., What are the main characteristics of, vegetation in hot deserts ?, Vegetation in hot deserts are mostly, spiny and short in height. Due to, scarcity of water the roots of the plants, grow deep in the soil. Leaves are, reduced to spines to avoid water loss., Stems become pulpy and fleshy which, store food and do the process of food, manufacturing in the plants., How do forests act as natural habitats, for animals ?, A forest is habitat to many animals as, they provide food and shelter to, animals. Animals find forests suitable as, their breeding grounds and suitable, environment for rearing their offsprings, in their natural environment., How are the animals found in deserts, different from those found in cold, regions ?, Animals found in deserts have adapted, themselves to the hot and dry, conditions, while the animals in cold, regions have adapted themselves to the, cold regions., 1. Animals found in desert are small in, size and escape in their hiding, , 5., Ans., , A., 1., Ans., 2., Ans., 3., Ans., 4., Ans., 5., Ans., 6., Ans., B., Ans., 1., 2., 3., 4., 5., C., 1., Ans., , places to avoid the heat outside., They are mostly nocturnal in their, activities., 2. Animals found in cold regions have, a thick coat of fur on their skin and, layers of fat under the skin to, escape the low temperature. They, migrate to warmer regions during, extremely cold climate., How is human destroying the natural, vegetation and wildlife ?, Humans, in the greed of land and, resources, are cutting trees, indiscriminately. They are also killing, animals for food, skin and their bones., By doing all this he is creating a threat, for himself in future., Chapter-8, Tick (3) mark the correct option :, This is an industrial town., (a) Jamshedpur, This is one of the highest roadways in, the world, (d) Manali - Leh Highway, Now-a-days,the ___________, locomotives are being used., (d) both (b) and (c), This is a canal., (c) The Panama, This is a seaport., (b) Tokyo, This is the longest railway system., (d) Trans-Siberian, Match the following columns :, Column I, Column II, Television, (d) Mass media, Suez, (c) Canal, Haridwar, (e) Religious town, New Delhi, (a) Administrative town, In villages, (b) Rural settlement, Define the following :, Rural settlement, Rural settlements are found in villages,, which can be scattered or compact, depending upon the area., , Social Science - 7 / (30)

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2., Ans., , 3., Ans., 4., Ans., , D., 1., Ans., 2., Ans., 3., Ans., 4., Ans., 5., Ans., E., 1., Ans., , 2., Ans., , 3., Ans., , 4., Ans., , 5., Ans., , Compact settlement, Compact or nucleated settlements are, those in which people build houses very, close to each other at an approachable, place., Inland waterways, Inland waterways are the rivers, lakes, and canals which are navigable., Wireless medium of communication, Wireless medium of communication, means those ways of communication for, which no wires are required. For, example mobile phones, satellite, communication., Very Short Answer Type Questions :, Give an example of land transport., Railways, Give two examples of administration, towns., New Delhi and London, How many means of transport are there ?, There are four means of transport., Where are scattered settlements found ?, Scattered settlements are found in rural, areas., Name the major road link in Australia., The National Highway, Short Answer Type Questions :, What do you mean by settlement ?, A lot of people live together at one place, and interact with each other, such place, is called settlement., How many types of settlement are, there ?, Settlements are of two types ;, permanent settlement and temporary, settlement., What is a compact settlement ?, Compact or nucleated settlements are, those in which people build houses very, close to each other at an approachable, place., How is airway better than railway ?, Airways is the fastest mode of transport, available, thus it is better than the, railways., What are the limitations of airways ?, It becomes difficult to operate Airways in, bad weather conditions., , F., 1., Ans., , 2., Ans., , 3., Ans., , 4., Ans., , A., 1., Ans., 2., Ans., 3., Ans., 4., Ans., 5., Ans., 6., , Long Answer Type Questions :, How are rural and urban settlements, inter-dependent ?, The urban people depend upon rural, people for food as only rural people are, engaged in agriculture., The rural people depend upon urban, people for industrial goods, work, opportunities, medical and legal aid., How is land transport better than other, ways of transport ?, The land transport is the only way of, transport that connect even the small, places with each other and with big, towns and cities. The roadways can also, be used according to individual needs, Describe different types of waterways., There are two types of waterways ;, Inland Waterways are the lakes, rivers, and canals which are navigable., Sea Routes are the areas and oceans, used for transport., Explain the factors responsible for, development of railways., Railways are considered as the best, and the cheapest mode of road, transport. It not only carry passengers, but also goods. It is easy to construct, rail tracks on plains., Chapter-9, Tick (3) mark the correct option :, The tropical region lies between :, (a) 10° N and 10° S, This is the most important river of South, America., (b) Amazon, This country is not included in Amazon, Basin., (d) Suriname, This is a tributary of Amazon River., (a) Maranum, The largest delta in the world is formed, by these two rivers., (d) Ganga and Brahmaputra, This is the most fertile and the largest, delta in the world., , Social Science - 7 / (31)

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Ans., 7., Ans., B., 1., , 2., 3., 4., C., 1., Ans., 2., Ans., 3., Ans., 4., Ans., , D., 1., Ans., , 2., Ans., , 3., And., , (a) Sunderbans, Toucans are found in :, (a) Amazon Basin, Fill in the blanks :, The end of Amazon River is Atlantic, ocean, which originates from Andes, Mountain., Yanomami is the famous tribes of, Amazon Basin., Hot and humid_type of climate is found, in Evergreen Equatorial Forests., Balsa is the lightest wood and is found, in Amazon basin., Short Answer Type Questions :, Where does the Amazon Basin lie ?, The Amazon Basin lies in the Tropical, region in South America., Name the countries included in Amazon, Basin., Countries like Brazil, Peru, Bolivia,, Columbia, and Venezuela., Name the animals found in Amazon, Basin., Mammals like monkey, jaguars, sloths,, pumas, tapirs, anteaters etc., What kind of climate is found in GangaBrahmaputra Basin., The Ganga -Brahmputra basin has, monsoon type of climate. It is hot in, summers and cold in winter., Long Answer Type Questions :, Explain the climate of Amazon Basin., The Amazon basin experiences very hot, and wet climate throughout the year. It, gets a lot of rain. Duration of day and, night is the same as the basin lies on, equator. Day time temperature rise, drastically as the sun rays fall directly., Explain how and where Sunderban delta, is formed ?, The Sunderban delta is formed in the, Brahmputra basin . The Ganga and the, Brahmputra rivers together form this, basin., Why the Ganga-Brahmaputra Basin is, highly populated ?, Ganga-Brahmputra basin is highly, , 4., Ans., , A., 1., Ans., 2., Ans., 3., Ans., 4., Ans., 5., Ans., 6., 7., , B., 1., 2., 3., 4., 5., C., 1., Ans., , populated because it is highly fertile and, is easily navigable. Some of the big, cities of India are located in this region., It has good network of roads and, railways. Small scale industries and, some developed industries are located, in this region., Why is the Amazon Basin thinly, populated ?, It is not easy to live in hot and wet, climate of the Amazon basin. Most of, the area of this basin is in the form of, plataeu, this is not fertile. The Amazon, basin is inhabited by tribals only., Chapter-10, Tick (3) mark the correct option :, The grasslands in North America are, called, (b) Prairies, In Canada this river drains Prairies., (b) Saskatchewan, The Veld is located in, (c) South Africa, Range of hills running across the Veld is, :, (a) Rockies, The Veld is drained by___________, rivers., (d) Both (a) and (b), This is called the Granary of the World., (a) Prairies, This animal has become almost extinct, due to indiscriminate hunting in, Prairies., (b) Bison, Fill in the blanks :, Wheat and corn are main crops of the, Prairies., Montan and Iowa are two important, cities of Prairies in America., Veld in Dutch means fields., Cattle and sheep rearing is the main, occupation of the people in Veld., Veld is rich in minerals like gold and, diamond., Very Short Answer Type Questions :, Name the soil found in Prairies, grassland., Chernozems, , Social Science - 7 / (32)

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2., Ans., 3., Ans., 4., Ans., D., 1., Ans., , 2., Ans., , 3., Ans., , 4., Ans., E., 1., Ans., , 2., Ans., , 3., Ans., , How much rainfall falls in Prairies, annually ?, 50cm, What are the temperate grassland in, South Africa known as ?, Velds, Where does South Africa lie ?, It lies at Warm Temperate Zone of, Southern Hemisphere, Short Answer Type Questions :, Describe the location of Prairies., Prairies are located between the, Rockies in the west and the Great Lakes, in the east., What do you know about vegetation in, Prairies ?, There is not much of vegetation in, Praries. Short and high grasses grow, over the plains., What kind of animals are found in Veld ?, Animals like lions, leopards, cheetahs,, Angora and Marino sheep and dairy, cattle are found in velds., Why agriculture is not the main, occupation in Veld ?, Velds are mostly plataeu, and is difficult, to cultivate., Long Answer Type Questions :, Explain the economic activities of, people in Prairies., People in Praries mostly follow, agriculture as their occupation. Wheat, and corn are main crops. Praries are, called the Granary of the world. Cattle, rearing is another occupation., What do you know about the flora and, fauna of veld ?, Major part of the veld is covered with, red grass and acacia and Marula., Animals like lion, cheetah and kudos are, found here. Sheep are reared by the, people., Describe the location and extent of, Prairies., Prairies are located between the, Rockies in the west and the Great Lakes, in the east., They are spread over the Alberta,, , 4., Ans., , A., 1., Ans., 2., Ans., 3., Ans., 4., Ans., 5., Ans., 6., Ans., 7., Ans., B., Ans., , C., 1., , Ans., 2., Ans., , Saskatchewan, Wisconsin, Montana, and Iowa in US., What conditions make Prairies suitable, for farming extensively ?, The soil in praries is one of the best, soils called chernozems. Praries are, well drenched with waters of rivers like, Mississippi and its tributaries so the soil, becomes good for cultivation., Chapter-11, Tick (3) mark the correct option :, This is the largest desert in the world., (a) Sahara, Sahara desert is located in :, (d) North Africa, This river flows through Ladakh., (c) Indus, In winters the Ladakh region experiences, _______________ temperature., (a) –25° C, In north of Ladakh this mountain range, surrounds it., (b) Karakoram, Sahara Desert spreads across, ___________ countries., (a) 11, This is the main animal found in Ladakh., (b) Yak, Write 'T' for true and 'F' for false, statements :, 1. Sahara is the largest cold desert in, the world., F, 2. Ladakh is located in the state of, Jammu and Kashmir., T, 3. The Bedouins and the Tuaregs are, tribes of Sahara region., T, 4. Sahara is mostly rocky., T, Short Answer Type Questions :, Which is the only fresh water lake in, Sahara desert and where is it found in, Sahara ?, Chad Lake in Southern Borders of Sahara., Was Sahara always the same ?, No Sahara was not always the same., , Social Science - 7 / (33)

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3., Ans., 4., Ans., D., 1., Ans., , 2., Ans., , 3., Ans., , Why most of the people in Sahara, spend a nomadic life ?, They spend nomadic life in search of, pastures and oasis., Why it not rains much in Ladakh ?, It is situated at the leeward side of, Himalayas., Long Answer Type Questions :, Give a brief account of the life in, Sahara., People in Sahara desert have adjusted, themselves to the harsh climatic, conditions. They spend a nomadic life in, search of pastures and oasis. They, move in groups called caravan. They, rear animals like sheep, goats, and, camals for meat, milk and fibre. Now, they also deal in mineral oil and are, becoming rich., Explain the economic activities in, Sahara., People in Sahara mostly deal in ivory, and dates. They also sell milk and meat., In some parts of Sahara mineral oil has, been found thus the tribals in Sahara, are becoming rich by selling the mineral, oil to the world., Describe the location and physical, features of Ladakh., Ladakh is a cold dessert located in the, northern states of Jammu and Kashmir., It is in the north of Himalayas., The landscape of Ladakh is mostly, mountainous. It consist of mountain, ranges of Ladakh and Karakoram. River, Indus flows through the center of, Ladakh., , Social Science - 7 / (34)

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A., 1., Ans., 2., Ans., 3., , Ans., 4., Ans., 5., Ans., 6., Ans., B., Ans., , C., 1., Ans., 2., Ans., 3., Ans., 4., Ans., 5., , Social And Political Life, Chapter-1, Tick (3) mark the correct option :, India has _____________ type of, government., (c) democracy, Panchayats in villages are __________, institutions at local level., (a) democratic, The right to the people above 18 years, of age to participate in elections by, casting their vote is called :, (a) universal adult franchise, The rule of common people is called :, (a) democracy, The equal opportunities for the people to, earn is ___________ democracy., (c) economic, In monarchy, all the powers lie with the :, (a) king, Write 'T' for true and 'F' for false, statements :, 1. Democracy works for the welfare of, people., T, 2. Adolf Hitler was a famous Autocrat., T, 3. We have absolute Monarchy in, Britain., F, 4. Economic freedom is very important, for social and political democracy. T, 5. Rule by a military ruler is called, absolute monarchy., F, Very Short Answer Type Questions :, Name any three types of governments., Democratic, Autocratic and Dictatorship, Which type of government is there in, India ?, Democratic, In a democracy, which tool helps people, to practice their political freedom ?, Universal Adult Franchise, What is the rule by a king or queen, called ?, Monarchy, How can a democratic government be, meaningful ?, , Ans., , D., 1., Ans., , 2., Ans., , 3., Ans., , 4., Ans., 5., Ans., , E., 1., Ans., , 2., Ans., , Democratic government be meaningful, by giving social, political and economic, freedom., Short Answer Type Questions :, What is a monarchy ?, Monarchy is that form of government in, which the King or the Queen has all the, powers., What is dictatorship ?, Dictatorship is that kind of government, in which the government has unlimited, powers and citizens have no rights., What is the difference between, dictatorship and military dictatorship ?, In Dictatorship the civilian government, has absolute powers while in Military, Dictatorship the Military forms the, dictatorship., What are the two principals on which, democracy is based?, Democracy is based on Power to the, People and Equality., What is a true democracy?, The true democracy is that in which, people enjoy social, political and, economic equality., Long Answer Type Questions :, Explain any two types of non-democratic, government. Give examples., Absolute Monarchy: in this form of, government the king or the queen has, all the powers. Position of the king or, queen is inherited e.g. Bhutan and, Saudi Arabia., Authoritarian Government: in this form, of government, the government has all, the powers and the citizens do not have, any rights e.g. Hitler formed autocracy in, Germany., Write five important features of, democratic governance, Important feature of a Democracy are:, a) People are powerful in democracy, as they have right to elect, government which rules for a fixed, period of time., b) The governments rule according to, laws mentioned in constitution., , Social Science - 7 / (35)

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3., Ans., , 4., Ans., , 5., Ans., , c) Citizens have Rights given by, constitution. The Rights of the, citizens are protected by the state., d) All citizens are equal before law., e) Division of power is made between, the Judiciary, Executive, and the, legislature., Explain political and social democracy., Political democracy means the right to, people to elect their representative, government. All the adults are given, right to participate in the process of, election to choose the government. The, government is elected for a fixed period, and again elections are held. In this way, people are enabled to change the rule if, they do not like the previous, government., Social democracy means that there, should be no discrimination of any kind, against any section of the society. It, means equal opportunities to all, sections of the society to prosper and, grow. Rules are made in constitution to, protect the people against the, discriminations like untouchability, child, marriage, gender based discrimination, and discrimination based on caste,, creed and religion etc., Why is it important to have economic, freedom for a true democracy?, It is very important to have economic, freedom for a true democracy because, without economic independence it will, be easy to influence any person against, the principles of democracy., Economically independent person can, follow his own wish and is not influenced, by any financial offers., What do you mean by rule of law ?, Rule of law means ruling a state, according to rules mentioned in the, constitution of the country. All citizens, are equal before law. No discrimination, can be made with anyone on the basis, of caste , creed, religion or gender., Equal social, political and economic, opportunities are provided to all the, citizens by the state., , A., 1., , Ans., 2., Ans., 3., , Ans., 4., Ans., B., Ans., , C., Ans., , D., 1., Ans., 2., Ans., , Chapter-2, Tick (3) mark the correct option :, Right to vote by every citizen who has, attained the age of 18 years in a, democratic country is a ____________, equality., (c) political, Equal opportunities for all citizens to, grow and prosper is :, (a) social equality, Removal of evil like untouchability in, India was a step towards attaining, _________ equality., (a) social, Democracy is the expression of the, ____________ of the people., (a) will, Fill in the blanks :, 1. Equality and Justice are the pillars, of democracy., 2. Use of force or violence has no, place in democracy., 3. As India is a country full of, diversity, the difference in opinions, have to be accomodated., 4. The elected members constitute, Legislature and some of them, form the political executive to form, the government., Write 'T' for true and 'F' for false, statements :, 1. Equal opportunities to vote is called, social equality., F, 2. Executive is responsible for, completing the whole decision, making forces., F, 3. A c c o m m o d a t i n g d i f f e r e n c e o f, opinion in a democracy is very, important., T, 4. People who are well aware of their, rights and duties are called socially, aware people., T, Very Short Answer Type Questions :, What provides the social equality to the, citizens of a country ?, Constitution, What ensures the political equality, among citizens ?, Right to vote, , Social Science - 7 / (36)

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3., Ans., 4., Ans., E., 1., Ans., , 2., Ans., , 3., Ans., , 4., Ans., , F., 1., Ans., , Who takes decisions on behalf of the, people ?, The Government or the Executive, Who punishes the unlawful people ?, judiciary, Short Answer Type Questions :, What is executive in governance ?, Executive is the team of ministers, working for the welfare of the citizens., Ministers are elected members of the, legislature who form the government to, implement the laws. They form, government due to their majority in the, legislature., How does judiciary safeguard the law of, the land ?, Judiciary is responsible to safeguard the, law of land. Judiciary punishes the, unlawful elements of the society. It also, keeps a check on the government if it is, working according to the law of the land., Why is public opinion important in, democracy ?, Public opinion is very important in, democracy because people are the, basic unit of democracy. Their opinion, forms the government. The public, opinion reflects their agreement or, disagreement with the policies of the, government., What is decision making process ?, Decision making process means making, rules in the legislature and then, implementing those rules by the, Executive., Long Answer Type Questions :, How is equality considered a pillar of, democracy ?, Democracy asks for equality in all, aspects of life of all the citizens, irrespective of their gender, class, caste,, creed and religion. Political equality, gives all citizens right to vote and elect, government. Social equality gives all the, citizens protection from any kind of, discrimination. Economic equality gives, all the citizens equal opportunities to, earn. All these kinds of equalities make, citizens feel secure and free. It helps in, , 2., , Ans., , 3., , Ans., , 4., Ans., , getting unbiased opinions of the, citizens. Opinion of the citizens is, necessary for Democracy to work. Thus, we can say that without equality, democracy cannot work in its true spirit., Explain various constitutional institutions, which help in completing law making, procedure in India., In India there are three institutions which, participate in the process of law making., Legislature: Laws are introduced and, finalised in Legislature. It means the, Legislature makes the laws. All the, elected members of the Parliament, discuss and make laws., Executive: These laws are implemented, by the Executive. Government of the, state is the executive. They are assisted, by the Administrative officers in, implementing these laws., Judiciary: judiciary is the independent, authority to interpret laws. It punishes, the unlawful elements. It can also, declare any order of the Executive, unlawful or illegal if it finds that the order, is not in accordance with the law of the, land., Why is there a strong probability of, arising difference of opinions in our, country ?, Our country is full of diversity. People, with different thinking, different, principles live here. It is always possible, for any group or political party to, demand some privileges for them, which, other groups or political parties may not, like. In this way difference of opinion, may arise. Difference of opinion may, even arise inside the Executive too. This, can arise mostly in the case of a, coalition government where different, parties come together to form a, government. Thus there is always a, probability of arising of a difference of, opinion., How do disciplined citizens help in, upholding democracy in a country ?, Disciplined citizens know their rights and, duties well. They know well how to, struggle for their rights. They will never, , Social Science - 7 / (37)

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A., 1., , Ans., 2., Ans., 3., Ans., 4., Ans., 5., Ans., 6., Ans., 7., Ans., 8., Ans., B., Ans., , resort to any unlawful or a violent means, to get them. Such citizens have great, tolerance and respect for others opinion., So it is very important to have, disciplined and enlightened citizens to, uphold democracy., , C., , Chatper-3, Tick (3) mark the correct option :, A person who has attained the age of, _______ is considered eligible to vote, under universal adult franchise., (c) 18, ______________ are held in a, democracy to constitute the legislature., (a) Elections, ______________ is the constitutional, authority to conduct election in India., (d) Election Commission, This is a National Political Party., (a) BJP, This is a regional party., (d) SJP, This is the symbol of Indian National, Congress., (a) Hand, This country has a two party system., (b) US, The National Conference is a regional, party belonging to :, (c) Jammu and Kashmir, Fill in the blanks :, 1. Universal Adult franchise means, the right to vote universally given to, all adult citizens in a democracy., 2. Election of representative for the, legislature is part of representational democracy., 3. In India, General Elections are held, after every five years., 4. A territorial area, which elects and, sends one representative either to, the parliament or to the state, assemblies is called a constituency., , 4., , 1., 2., 3., , D., 1., Ans., , 2., , Ans., , 3., Ans., , 4., , Ans., , E., 1., Ans., , Write 'T' for true and 'F' for false, statements :, Elections are held after every ten years, in India., F, In Britain, there is single party system. F, In India, the Election Commission is, responsible for holding elections., T, A representative elected to the Lok, Sabha is called an MP., T, Short Answer Type Questions :, What do you mean by universal adult, franchise ?, All men and women, who has attained, the age of eighteen years, are eligible to, cast their vote. This is called Universal, Adult Franchise., Write two conditions in which a citizen, can be barred from the process of, voting., Firstly, children below the age of 18, years , Secondly a person who is, declared bankrupt, people with unsound, mind and criminals declared by the law, courts are barred from the process of, voting, Write two important characteristics of, political parties., a) Political parties have people with the, same opinions over national issues., b) Political parties are links between the, citizens and the government., Write names of any three regional, parties and mention their election, symbols., Trinamool Congress in West Bengal,, National Conference in Jammu and, Kashmir, and The Shiromani Akali Dal, in Punjab. Symbols: TMC - Flowers and, grass, N.C. — Plough, S.A.D. — Scales, Long Answer Type Questions :, Why is the secret ballot important for the, process of democracy ?, Secret Ballot is very important for, democracy. No one comes to know who, has voted for whom. This gives voters, freedom to vote for the candidate of, , Social Science - 7 / (38)

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2., Ans., , 3., , Ans., , 4., Ans., , their choice without hurting the, sentiments of other candidates or any, other fear., What is the role of Election Commission, in conducting elections in India ?, Election Commission plays the most, important role in conducting free and fair, elections in India. It is an independent, agency. It is the highest constitutional, authority to conduct elections. The, Election Commission finalise the dates, for election. It appoints the Returning, Officers at constituency level to conduct, elections. It also appoints the pressing, officers and four other Polling Officers at, booths. It also makes available all the, machinery and other required material, for conducting election at every booth., What are the criterions for political, parties for getting registered with the, Election Commission ?, Political parties at state or regional level, get recognised by the Election, Commission to become a National, party. Following are some criterion to, get registered as a National Political, Party with The Election Commission:, a) to get at least 6% of total votes in, any four or more states at an election to, Lok Sabha or the State Assembly., b) also to wins 4 seats in Lok sabha, from any state or states., How and why is coalition government, formed ?, To win any election any Political party, has to get a majority of seats. If any, party does not get required number of, seats, no single political party can form, government. In such circumstances two, or more than two political parties, can, together, form government known as, coalition government. These Political, parties come together with some, mutually agreeable conditions. Some, political parties even form mutual, understanding before going for elections, and support each other's candidates., , A., 1., Ans., 2., Ans., 3., Ans., 4., Ans., 5., Ans., 6., Ans., 7., Ans., B., 1., 2., 3., 4., C., 1., Ans., 2., Ans., 3., Ans., 4., Ans., 5., , Ans., , Chapter-4, Tick (3) mark the correct option :, The Upper House of the State, Legislature is called :, (b) Vidhan Parishad, This state has a bicameral legislature., (d) Jammu and Kashmir, The members of the Legislative Council, are called :, (a) MLAs, He is the head of the Council of, Ministers., (a) Chief Minister, The senior most ministers are called, (c) Cabinet Minister, Members of Legislative Council are, elected for a term of :, (a) 5 years, The Chief Minister is appointed by, (c) the Governor, Write 'T' for true and 'F' for false, statements :, Legislative Assembly is the Upper, House of the State Legislature., F, The Chief Minister is the nominal head, of the state., F, The Governor is the head of the state. T, All the states in India have bicameral, legislature., F, Very Short Answer Type Questions :, Who appoints the Council of Ministers in, a state ?, The Governor of the state, Who convenes the meeting of the, Council of Minister ?, The Chief Minister, Who is the leader of Council of Minister, ?, The Chief Minister, Name the three different categories of, ministers in a state., Cabinet Minister, Minister of State and, Deputy Minister., Who assists the government in, implementing its programmes in the, state at the grass root level ?, Non-Political Executive or Bureaucracy., , Social Science - 7 / (39)

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D., 1., Ans., , 2., Ans., , 3., , Ans., , 4., Ans., , E., 1., Ans., , Short Answer Type Questions :, Which house of the state legislative is, the permanent house and why ?, Legislative Council or Vidhan Parishad, is a permanent house. This is the Upper, House in a Bicameral State Legislature., Members of this house are elected, indirectly. No direct elections are held, for this house. It is permanent house, because all members of this house do, not get retired at the same time., Members are elected for a tenure of six, years. One third of the members retire, every second year after completing their, tenure of six years and new members, are elected. For this reason this house, is a permanent house., How do people elect the representatives, to the state legislature ?, People elect the members of State, legislature by practicing Universal Adult, Franchise. The Election Commission, announces the date of election in the, state. Al the adult citizens cast their, votes and the candidates getting, maximum votes are elected to the state, legislature for a period of five years., Name different rural development plans, being run in the state of Jammu and, Kashmir., Under the rural development, many, plans were implemented in the state of, Jammu and Kashmir., Sampoorna Grameen Rozgar Yojna, The, Swaranjyanti Gram Swarozgar Yojna,, and Indira Awaas Yojna etc., Who is the real administrative head of a, state ? Why ?, The Chief Minister is the real, administrative head of the state because, he takes all the decisions regarding, policies of the state with help of his, cabinet., Long Answer Type Questions :, Why the Governor of a state is called a, nominal head of the state ? Explain., The Governor of the state is a nominal, head of the state. Although all decisions, regarding the policies of the state are, , 2., Ans., , 3., Ans., , 4., Ans., , 5., , Ans., , taken in his name but. He cannot take, any decision on his own. He accepts the, policies prepared by the Chief Minister, of the state. He cannot reject the, proposal of the Chief Minister., How does a Bill become a law ?, A Bill becomes law only after it is, approved by the Legislature. The, Minister concerned draft a proposal, which is first passed by the Council of, Ministers. Then this draft is put on the, table of Legislature by the Minister, concerned. Discussion and debates are, done on the proposal. If the legislature, passes the bill it becomes Law after the, signature of the Governor., Chief Minister is the real administrative, head of a state. Explain., Chief Minister is the real administrative, head of the state. He has vast powers., He selects his ministers and allots them, their ministries. Chief Minister presides, over meetings of the cabinet. All the, decisions regarding state is taken by, him with help of his Council of ministers., Write a note on the bicameral, legislature., Bicameral Legislature means Legislature, having two houses: The Upper House, and the Lower House. The Upper House, is called the Legislative Council or the, Vidhan Parishad. The lower house is, called the Legislative Assembly or the, Vidhan Sabha. All states of India do not, have this Bicameral Legislature. Only, few states like Maharashtra, Jammu and, Kashmir, UP. Bihar, Karnataka and, Andhra Pradesh have Bicameral, Legislature., Write a note on the composition and, functions of Council of Ministers in a, state., The Chief Minister after taking charge, selects his Council of ministers. They, are distributed ministries or Portfolios by, the Chief Minister. They look after their, respective ministries and get passed the, laws regarding them in the Legislative, Assembly. They are collectively, responsible to the Vidhan Sabha. It, , Social Science - 7 / (40)

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means that in any case the government, should have a clear majority in the, house., , a), , b), A., 1., Ans., 2., Ans., 3., Ans., B., 1., Ans., 2., Ans., 3., , Ans., C., 1., Ans., , 2., Ans., 3., Ans., D., 1., , Ans., , Chapter-5, Tick (3) mark the correct option :, The views of the common people on an, issue of interest is called :, public opinion, Separation of news from opinion is the, _________ of media., Objective, RTI came into being in :, (d) 2005, Fill in the blanks :, To pass ideas and information is called, _________., communication, Public opinion is created by _________., media, Freedom of speech and expression is, given to citizens by Article _________ of, the Constitution., 19(i)(a), Short Answer Type Questions :, What do you understand by the term, public opinion ?, Public Opinion means the view of the, people on an issue which is related with, them., How is public opinion created ?, Public opinion is created by media on, the basis of the information available., What is RTI ?, RTI is Right to Information Act passed, and implemented in 2005., Long Answer Type Questions :, What do you mean by public opinion ?, Write three characteristics of public, opinion., Public Opinion is the view of the, common people on an issue which is of, their interest and is related to them., Following are the characteristic features, of the public opinion:, , c), , 2., Ans., , a), b), c), , d), , 3., Ans., , 4., Ans., a), , Public views are meant to influence the, policy makers, so that the policy be in, favour of the common people., Public opinion is not uniform. It can be, different for different people or groups., Even people within one group may differ, in it., Public opinion is changeable., Sometimes the opinion of the public, gets deviated from one issue to another, thus bringing change in the issue of, interest., What are the social responsibilities of, the media ?, Media plays an important role in, creating public opinion. But there are, some social responsibilities of media, which media should not ignore while, creating public opinion., media should only seek truth and report, it in its true spirit., media should not enrage people and, minimize the harm, media should act independently. It, should not get influenced by any political, party or group., most importantly , media should hold, itself responsible for its reporting and be, impartial., How are media and democracy related ?, Media and democracy are directly, related to each other. Media can work, independly and free from any influence if, the media is given independence and, economic freedom. This can be done, only in case of a democratic setup., Otherwise media will get influenced by, the political parties and business houses, who will finance them., How can we maintain check and, balance on media ?, There are certain provisions to keep, check and balance on Media:, All newspapers and periodicals have to, get registered with the registrar of the, newspapers. They cannot publish, anything offensive., , Social Science - 7 / (41)

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b), , c), , d), , A., 1., , Ans., 2., Ans., 3., Ans., B., 1., , Ans., 2., Ans., 3., , Ans., 4., Ans., 5., , Ans., C., 1., Ans., , In 1962, Broadcasting code has been, adopted, directing electronic media to, operate according to this code., Freedom of press can be suspended by, putting restrictions on the Fundamental, Rights of Expression of the citizens., To prevent the sensationalisation of the, news, the Press Council of India has, been formed, which not only protects, the rights of the press but also maintains, standard of the news agencies., Chapter-6, Tick (3) mark the correct option :, Material possessions and physical, comfort become more important to the, people and spiritual values are given a, secondary position, this is referred to as :, Consumerism, The full form of USP is :, Unique selling proposition, This is an example of social advertising :, Both (a) and (b), Fill in the blanks :, ______________ of a product is, identified to promote the product in, advertisements., USP, ______________ is the main source of, income for the media., Advertisement, Advertising makes the masses aware, about the availability of different kinds of, products in the ______________., market, Producers maintain the quality of their, product so as to ensure a __________., steady demand, The advertisements should not, ______________ the dignity of the, consumer., violate, Short Answer Type Questions :, What is advertising ?, Drawing attention of public towards, goods of a company, through different, forms of media is called advertising., , 2., Ans., , 3., Ans., , D., 1., Ans., , 2., Ans., , A., 1., Ans., 2., Ans., 3., , Ans., , What is consumerism ?, Consumerism means to prefer material, possessions and physical comforts over, spiritual values., What is social advertisement ?, Social advertising means, to raise the, awareness of people over social issues, and evils, through use of different forms, of media. For example Pulse Polio, campaign, Long Answer Type Questions :, What are the functions of advertising ?, Advertising make consumers to know, about several brands available in the, market. It tells about the special, features of various products. Advertising, also make consumers conscious about, prices of different products, which, makes it easy for the consumer to, compare two products., Which are different means used by, advertisers to promote their product ?, Advertisers use all major sources of, media to advertise their products. They, use magazines, and newspapers,, circulars, letters, leaflets etc to advertise, their products. Outdoor campaigning, through posters, handbills, advertisement boards at various places also help, a lot in creating awareness among, consumers. Products are exhibited in, fairs, and exhibitions. Audio- Video, publicity during film shows increase, awareness. Inspite of al these means, television is the most reliable and the, best method of advertising products., Chapter-7, Tick (3) mark the correct option :, She was the President of India., Prabitha Patil, He was a great social reformer., Both (a) and (b), This was a social evil which made, women dependent upon the life of their, husband., Sati, , Social Science - 7 / (42)

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B., 1., , 2., , 3., 4., 5., C., 1., 2., 3., D., 1., Ans., , 2., Ans., 3., Ans., , 4., Ans., , E., 1., Ans., , Fill in the blanks :, Woman who work at home are, considered economically weaker than, the men working outside ., The government has passed Right to, Property Act to make women get equal, share to the property of the parents., Earlier, boys were considered to carry, the family lineage ., The first sign of discrimination is, experienced by the girl child in family ., In villages, women do works like hoeing, and milling ., Write 'T' for true and 'F' for false, statements :, There is no gender inequality in India. F, Women have always worked out like the, men., T, Women are considered as the weaker, sex., F, Short Answer Type Questions :, Why are the girls not allowed to attend, school at distance in villages ?, The reason is that schools are far away, and security of the girl child is the main, concern., What is gender inequality ?, Gender inequality means considering, boy child superior to the girl child., What kinds of work most of the women, get in informal sector ?, Girls do work like weeding, harvesting,, hoeing , milling. They work in mines,, factories and mills etc., What kind of jobs do most of the women, get in formal sector ?, Uneducated women get low salaried, jobs in manufacturing units, in food, processing units and as clerks and, peons in offices., Long Answer Type Questions :, Which factor has led to the, backwardness of women ?, Primarily the security of women has, made women weak. They are not, , 2., Ans., , 3., Ans., , A., 1., Ans., 2., Ans., , allowed to go out as their security is the, prime concern of the family. This has, lead to the consideration of women as a, weak gender. A girl child is not welcome, entry in the family. Discrimination is, done between boys and girls in the, family. They are not sent to school to, get education. This makes them, dependent upon the males of the family., Thus lack of education, unemployment, and discrimination has led to the, backwardness of the women., How does gender inequality affect, woman ?, Gender inequality has affected women, very adversely. This discrimination has, led to lack of education in women as, they are not sent to schools and are, held back to do the house hold chores., Due to lack of education , they do not, get good jobs or are not allowed to do, job. This leads to their economic, dependence on the male members of, the family., How has the social reformers helped the, women ?, Due to social reformers like Raja Ram, Mohan Roy and Swami Vivekananda,, women has got some respite from the, evil traditions of the society like Sati., Widow was not allowed to live, she was, burnt along her husband's dead body., Raja Ram Mohan Roy fought against, this and advocated widow remarriage., Such practices had mad ewomen very, weak and dependent on their male, relatives. But now with the help of Law, and social reformers such evil traditions, have been eradicated., Chapter-8, Tick (3) mark the correct option :, The one who manufactures things is, called a :, Producer, He is the link between the producers, and the consumers., Retailer, , Social Science - 7 / (43)

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3., , Ans., 4., , Ans., B., 1., 2., 3., 4., C., 1., Ans., 2., Ans., , 3., Ans., , 4., Ans., D., 1., Ans., , They purchase products from the, producers in bulk and sell to, shopkeepers., Wholesalers, They purchase products from the, producers and sell directly to the, consumers., Co-operative Stores, Write 'T' for true and 'F' for false, statements :, Wholesale markets stock products in, small amount., F, Retailers purchase small amount of, products from the wholesalers., T, Retailers are in direct contact with the, manufacturers., F, Retailers often purchase goods from the, wholesalers on credit., T, Short Answer Type Questions :, What is a market ?, Market is a place where producers and, consumers meet to transact., Who is a wholesaler ?, Wholesaler is a merchant who buy, goods in bulk at a lesser price directly, from the producer or manufacturer., Who is a retailer ?, Retailer is a small merchant who buy, things from a wholesaler and sells at his, shop., Who is a consumer ?, People buying things from the sellers, are called consumers., Long Answer Type Questions :, What are the risks involved in, wholeselling ?, In wholesaling following risks are, involved:, a) Retailers often buy things from, wholesalers on credit. There is, always a risk of collecting funds., Some retailer may turn out to be a, fraud. This causes great losses to, the wholesaler., , 2., Ans., , 3., Ans., , 4., Ans., , b) Wholesalers buy things in bulk., Sometimes storing the goods, become a problem and goods get, damaged or are stolen. This too, causes a great loss to the, wholesaler., How retailers act as the link between the, producers and the consumers ?, The retailer buys goods from the, wholesaler. He sells those goods to the, consumer. Here he acts as link between, the wholesaler and the consumer. In, some cases the retail chains like Cooperative societies buys goods directly, from the producer. The Producer can, directly approach such retailers. In this, case, the retailer acts as a link between, the producer and the customer., What are co-operative societies ? How, are they beneficial for the consumers ?, Co-operative stores are such retail, stores where products reach directly, from the producer and sold directly to, the consumers at a low price than the, retail market. This is the advantage of, shopping from the Co-operative, societies., Who is a successful entrepreneur ?, Why ?, A successful entrepreneur is one whose, product hits the market very well and is, sold again and again in the market., Acceptance or rejection of the product in, the market determines the success of, the entrepreneur. Rejection of the, product in market can causes huge, losses to them., , Social Science - 7 / (44)

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