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CLASS 7 CHAPTER-2( New kings and kingdoms), Very Short Answer Type Questions, 1. Who was Dantidurga?, Answer: Dantidurga was a Rashtrakuta chief who turned out to be a kshatriya after performing a, ritual known as hiranya-garbha., 2. What was called ‘rent’?, Answer: Resources obtained from the producers were called ‘rent’., 3. Who paid revenue?, Answer: The traders paid revenue, 4. What were ‘prashastis’?, Answer: Prashastis were the details depicting the rule and personality of the rulers, 5. Who were the writers of Prashastis?, Answer: The learned brahmanas were the writers of the Prashastis., 6. Who was Kalhana?, Answer: Kalhana was a great Sanskrit poet from Kashmir., 7. What was ‘tripartite struggle’?, Answer: The tripartite struggle was a long drawn conflict among the rulers of Gurjara- Pratihara,, Rashtrakuta and Pala dynasties for control over Kanauj., 8. Who wrote Kitab al-Hind?, Answer: A great Arab poet al-Baruni wrote Kitab al-Hind, 9. Who was Prithviraja in ?, Answer: Prithviraja III was a famous Chauhan ruler of Delhi and surrounding regions during, 1168-1192., 10. Who destroyed the temple of Somnath?, Answer: Sultan Mahmud of Ghazni, a ruler of Afghanistan, destroyed the temple of Somnath., 11 Why are the temples of Thanjavur and Gangaikonda-cholapuram famous for?[V. Imp.], Answer: These temples are famous for their architectural and sculptural marvels., , 12. Define ‘nagarams’., Answer: ‘Nagarams’ were the associations of traders, 13. What was ‘sabha’?
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Answer: An assembly of prominent Brahmanas that looked after brahmadeya was called, ‘sabha’., Short Answer Type Questions, Q1. Trace out the emergence of the new class of rulers., Answer: During the seventh century a new class of rulers emerged. They were the subordinates, or samantas under the influence of big landlords or warriors. Later they themselves gained, power and wealth and declared themselves to be maha- samantas, maha-mandaleshvara (the, great lord of a circle or region), Q2. Who was Dantidurga? How did he became a kshatriya?, Answer: Dantidurga was a Rashtrakuta chief in Deccan. Initially, Rashtrakutas were subordinate, to the Chalukyas of Karnataka. Dantidurga, in the mid-eighth century, overthrew his Chalukya, overlord and performed a ritual known as ‘hiranya-garbha’. It was thought to lead to the rebirth, of the sacrificer as a kshatriya, even if he was not one by birth., Q3. How was the financial position controlled in these states?, Answer: These states were closely associated with peasants, traders, and Brahmanas. The, resources were obtained from peasants, cattle-keepers, and artisans who were the producers., They were compelled to surrender part of what they produced. The traders had to pay revenue., The functionaries for collecting revenue were generally from influential families or from the close, relatives of the kings., Q4. Write a note on ‘Prashastis’., Answer: Prashastis, often written by learned Brahmanas, were details of the functioning of a, king. They may not be literally true. They tell us how rulers wanted to depict themselves—as, valiant, victorious warriors etc. Brahmanas were rewarded by grants of land which were, recorded on copper plates., Q5. What were the qualifications necessary to become a member of a committee of the sabha, in the Chola Empire?, Answer:, The working of a sabha according to the Uttaramerur inscription is given below:, 1.They should be between 35 and 70 years of age., 2.They should have knowledge of the Vedas., 3.They should be well-versed in administrative matters and honest in all dealings., Q6. What did the new dynasties do to gain acceptance?, Answer: To gain acceptance, the new dynasties took on new titles and performed religious, rituals to become a part of the Kshatriyas. They were regarded as the subordinates or, Samantas by their overloads and later declared themselves to be maha-Samanta after gaining, power and wealth. The new dynasties also engaged themselves in warfare to assert their power, and carve kingdoms for themselves., Q7. What kind of irrigation works were developed in the Tamil region?, Or
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Describe the irrigation system of the Chola kingdom., Answer: During the fifth or sixth century, the areas near the Kaveri river in Tamil Nadu were, opened up for large-scale cultivation. The irrigation works that were developed in the Tamil, region led to the development of water channels for agriculture, construction of embankments to, prevent floods and digging of wells and tanks for storage of water., 8. What was the role of temples during Chola kingdom? [V. Imp.], Answer: The Chola rulers like Rajaraja and Rajendra built two great temples of Thanjavur and, Ganaikonda-cholapuram respectively. Temples were the nuclei of settlements during this period., They were the centres of craft production and also controlled the financial aspects related to, them. Hence they were not only the religious centres but also the hub of economic, social, and, cultural life as well., Long Answer Type Questions, 1. Write a note on Sultan Mahmud of Ghazni [Imp.], Sultan Mahmud of Ghazni was a ruler of Afghanistan from 997 to 1030. He was an ambitious, king and so made all efforts to extend his control over far-off regions. He extended his control, over parts of Central Asia, Iran and the northwestern part of the subcontinent. Almost every year, he raided the subcontinent targeting wealthy temples. The temple of Somnath in Gujarat was, the worst victim of his raids. Much of the wealth he carried away was used to create a splendid, capital city at Ghazni., Question 2: How did the Cholas rise to power?, Answer: A minor chiefly family known as the Muttaraiyar held power in the Kaveri delta. They, were subordinate to the Pallava kings of Kanchipuram. Vijayalaya, who belonged to the ancient, chiefly family of the Cholas from Uraiyur, captured the delta from the Muttaraiyar in the middle of, the ninth century. The successors of Vijayalaya conquered neighbouring regions and the, kingdom grew in size and power. Rajaraja I and Rajendra I were the most powerful Chola, leaders.
