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NUTRITION IN ORGANISMS, , , , Answer the following questions, 1. Distinguish between Auto tropic and hetero tropic nutrition?, , A. Differences between Auto tropic and hetero tropic nutrition are., , , , A. Autotrophic nutrition Hetero tropic nutrition, , , , (i). Food is prepared from Carbon {i). Food is obtained from other organisms., dioxide , water and sunlight, , , , , , (ii). Chlorophyll is required. (ii). Chlorophyll is not_ required., , , , (iii). All green plants and some (iii). All animals and fungi have this type, bacteria have this|type of nutrition. | of nutrition., , , , , , (iv). Food is prepared generally in (iv). Food can be obtained at all time., day time., , , , , , , , 2. What is Photosynthesis? Write its word equation?, A. (i) The process by which greenpiants make their own food from carbon dioxide and water by using, light energy in the presence of chlorophyll is called Photosynthesis., (ii) During this process oxygen gas is also released, (iii) This process can be represented by an equation :, sunlight, , dics, Carbon dioxide + Water eal Carbohydrate + Oxygen +Water, , 3. Describe different types of teeth and their functions?, , A. The four main types of teeth are:, , {i) Incisors - incisors are eight teeth in the front centre of your mouth (four on both bottom and top)., Incisors are the teeth that we use’to bite into our food., , (ii) Canines - Canines are the next teeth that develop in our mouth, Four of them and they are sharpest, teeth, used for tearing apart food., , (iii) Premolars - Premolars are used for tearing and crushing food. Premolars have a flat biting surface., We have eight premolars in total., , {iv) Molars - Molars are largest teeth: Their function is similar to that of the premolars, to grind, tear,, and crush food. Molars have.a large flat biting surface which makes them perfect for this job., , 4. What happens if leaves of a green plant are coated with green paint?, , A. (i) The leaf uses the green pigmented chlorophyll to make its own food through photosynthesis., , (ii) So if you paint the leaf green, the leaf does not make its own food, because the paint is green but not, chlorophyll., , 5. What questions will you ask a doctor to know about gastritis?, , A. For gastritis, some questions to ask your doctor :, , (i) What is likely causing my symptoms or condition?, , (ii) Could any of my medications be causing my condition?, , (iii) What are other possible causes for my symptoms or condition?, , (iv) What tests do | need?, , {v) Is my condition likely temporary or chronic?, , (vi)What are my treatment options?, , (vi)Should | change my diet?, , (vii) How can | improve my condition?, , —RSailaja = $.A (P.S) = SPSR NELLORE -9703061819
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6. How can you prove that the leaves other than green also carryout photosynthesis?, , A. (i) Aim: To know whether leaves other than green perform photosynthesis or not., , (ii) What you need: Red or brown coloured leaves, dropper, test tube, iodine solution, water., , (iii) What to do: Take few Red or brown coloured leaves, add few drops of water and mash them to, make a paste, collect the extract by squeezing the paste (pulp). Take 5-6 drops of this extract into a test, tube. Also add two drops of iodine solution. Note observations., , {iv) What do you see: The colour of the leaf extract turns blue black., , (v) What do you learn: This shows the presence of starch in the leaves, confirming that red or brown, coloured leaves also perform photosynthesis., , (vi) These non-green leaves also have chlorophyll. The large amount of red, brown and other pigments, mask the green colour. So photosynthesis takes place in these leaves also., , 7.How can we prove that light is necessary for photosynthesis ?, , A. (i) Aim: To know,the importance of light in photosynthesis., , (ii) What you need: Two potted plants, dropper, test tube, iodine solution, water., , What to do: Take two potted plants of the same kind. Keep one in the dark (or in a black box) for 72, hours and the other in the sunlight. Perform iodine test with theLeaf extracts of both plants. Note, observations., , What do you see: The colour of the leaf extract of first plant does not change. The colour of the leaf, extract of second plant turns blue’black. |, , (iii) What do you learn: This shows the presence of starch in the leaves of plant kept in the sunlight, indicating the occurrence of photosynthesis. There is no starch in the leaves of the plant kept in the, dark., , {iv) This conforms that sunlight is essential for photosynthesis., , 8. Draw a leaf cross-section and label the parts., , ae, , 9. Draw the neat diagram of stomata and label the parts., , , , 10. Explain how we know the process of tooth decay through an activity., , A. (i) Aim: To know the process of tooth decay., , What you need: Marbles, dilute hydrochloric acid and test tube., , (ii) What to do: Put a few small pieces of marble in dilute hydrochloric acid. Examine after, , (iii) What do you see : Acid reacts with marble and dissolves it., , (vi) What do you learn: The enamel, which is a calcium compound, reacts with acid destroyed in the, same way a marble reacts with hydrochloric acid.
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11. How does acid come into contact with teeth?, , A. (i) When food remains stuck in teeth, bacteria feed on them., , (i)As a result, lactic acid is produced which causes the destruction of enamel., , (iii) Chocolates, sweets, soft drinks and other sugar are the major culprits of tooth decay., , 12. Which habit should be practised for the health of teeth? Why?, , A. (i) Teeth should be cleaned every morning and before going to bed., , ( inse mouth with water every time you eat food., , (iii) Do not eat sweets such as chocolates., , {iv) Do not eat too hot or too cold., , {v) Teeth are the first important structures used to digest food., , (vi) If the teeth are healthy then the entire human digestive system is healthy., , 13. Describe the functions of different parts of digestive system., , A. (i) Mouth: Food is taken into the body through it. It leads into Buccal Cavity., , (ii) Buccal cavity : It contains tongue, teeth and secretions of Salivary glands. Carbohydrate digestion, starts here., , (iii) Pharynx : It is the common chamber for both digestive and respiratory track. It leads Oesophagus., (iv) Oesophagus: It is a muscular tubular structure that connects pharynx with Stomach., , (v)Stomach: It is a muscular sac like Structure. Food is grinded well and mix with its juices. Proteins, digestions starts in the stomach. Hydrochloric acid in the stomach kills Bacteria in the food., , (vi) Duodenum : It is the first part of the small intestine. Bile juice from liver, Pancreatic juice from, pancreas enters into it and helps in digestion., , (vii) Small intestine : It is about six metre long, Digestion of food is completed here with the help of its, juices. Its inner wall have thousands of finger-like outgrowths called villi. They absorb the digested food., Blood transport it to all body parts for assimilation., , (viii) Large Intestine : It absorbs Water and minerals from the undigested food., , (ix) Rectum : It is storage point for undigested food., , (x) Anus : Fecal matter removed through it:, , 14. Draw a neat labelled diagram of human digestive system?, , A, , , , Rem mn, , , , 15. Draw a flow chart showing nutrition in amoeba?, A. Food -—--> Ingestion —--> Direction ----> Absorption -----> Association --—-—-> Egestion., , , , —RSailaja = $.A (P.S) = SPSR NELLORE -9703061819
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16. How will you appreciate the role of saprophts cleaning of the earth surface?, A. |i) Saprotrophs grow on dead ones and cause them to decompose., (ii) These decomposing materials mix in the soil., (iii) Saprotrophs help in deaning the land by removing such dead and decomposing materials from the, surroundings, (iv) Hence they are called scavengers of nature., {v) Without saprotrophs the whole earth would have been filled with dead and decaying material., (vi) | greatly appreciate the role of saprotrophs in helping to clean up the land and protect the, environment., 17. What precautions will you take to keep your digestive system healthy?, A. For digestive health, I take the following precautions., (i) | eat a diet high in fiber, (ii) Reduce the intake of fatty foods., {iv) | accept only meat that is easily digested., {iv) Make sure there are probiotics in the diet:, {v) | follow proper meal times., {vi) Drink plenty of water., 1. Fill in the Blanks:, 1. During the photosynthesis gas is released., 2. The tiny pores present on the’surface of the leaves are ., 3. —-—---—- is the outermost layer of teeth., I Choose the Correct Answer:, 1. Muscular tubular structure that connects pharynx with Stomach. { ), a) Duodenum. b) Buccal cavity c)Oesophagus dj Rectum, 2. Non insectivorous plant. (J, a) Drosera b) Nepenthes c] Utricularia d) Dodder, 3. The green colour pigment in the leaf { ), a) Chloroplast b) Stomata c] Chlorophyll d) All theabove, 1.Matching:, A)Autotrophs. ( } 1.Mushroom, B)Saprophytes. (| }) 2. Mango plant, C) Parasite. ( _) 3. Food vacuole, (), (), , , , , , D) Holozoic. 4. Intestinal worms, E) Amoeba. 5.Man, 6. Egestion, , 1. Fill in the Blanks:, , 1. Oxygen. 2. Stomata. 3. Enamel, ll. Choose the correct Answer:, ic 2.0 3C, , il. Matching:, A-2,B-1,C-4,D-5,E-3, , —RSailaja = $.A (P.S) = SPSR NELLORE -9703061819
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Keywords:, Autotrophic_ Nutrition : The mode of nutrition in which organisms make food by their food themselves, is called Autotrophic Nutrition., Chlorophyll : Chlorophyll is a green pigment found in plants., Heterotrophic Nutrition : The mode of nutrition in which organisms depend on other organisms for, food is called Heterotrophic Nutrition., Host : A host is a large organism that shelters and provides food for a parasite., Insectivorous plant Nutrition : The insectivorous plants are the type of carnivorous plants. They derive, their nutrition by eating insects. In these plants, the leaves are modified to trap the insects., Parasitic Nutrition : Association between two organisms for food in which one organism get benefited, and other is vitiated is called Parasitic Nutrition., Holozoic Nutrition : Holozoic Nutrition is the mode of heterotrophic nutrition in which the food is, taken in solid or liquid form from the outside and is digested inside the body., Saprozoic/ Saprophytic Nutrition : This mode of nutrition in which organisms take in nutrients in the, form of solution from dead and decaying matter is called saprophytic nutrition., Stomata : The tiny pores present on the surface of the leaves arevcalled Stomata., Ingestion : Food is taken into the bodys This is the first step of Halozoic nutrition., Digestion : Conversion of food into simple soluble forms. This is the second step of Holozoic nutrition., Absorption : Transfer of food to the blood. This is the third step of Halazoic nutrition., : Absorbed food became the part of the body. This is the forth step of Holozoic nutrition., emoval of waste products and undigested food from the body. This is the fifth(last) step of, Holozoic nutrition,, Alimentary canal : The alimentary canal is the long tube of organs — including the esophagus, stomach,, and intestines — that runs from the mouth to the anus., Pseudopodia : Single celled organisms pushed out one or more finger like projections are called, Pseudopodia or false feet. Used for movement and capture food., Rumination : The first part of the digestive tract of grass-eatinig animals is named Rumen, in this food, gets partially digested called cud, it turns back into the mouth in small lumps and chewing slowly. This, process called Rumination., Ruminants : Animals which having the habit of Rumination are called Ruminate., Vili: Hundreds of finger-like structures in the lining of the small intestine are called Villi., Tooth enamel : Enamel is the outermost layer of the teeth. It is the hardest material in the human body., Acidity : Burning sensation in chest, stomach, and in throat ; sour taste in mouth upper abdominal, discomfort is called Acidity., Incisors : Incisors are the sharp teeth at the front of the mouth that bite into food and cut it into smaller, pieces.(4)+{4), Canines : Canines are the sharp, pointed teeth that sit next to the incisors and look like fangs.(2)+(2), Premolars : Premolars, or bicuspids, are bigger than the incisors and canines. They have many ridges, and help chew and grind up food. (4)+(4), Molars : Molars are the biggest of all the teeth. They have a large, flat surface with ridges that allow, them to chew food and grind it up.(6)+(6), Constipation : Constipation is a factor related to the digestive system. An uncomfortable condition, caused by a person (or animal) to eliminate impurities. In some severe cases (rectal effect) it can cause, obstruction in the intestines and lead to illness., , —RSailaja = $.A (P.S) = SPSR NELLORE -9703061819
