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Contents, Co, C, o eents, nts, Foreword ... iii, , NOTES, , FOR THE, , TEACHER (UNITS 1– 3) ... 1, , 1. Three Questions ... 7, The Squirrel ... 17, 2. A Gift of Chappals ... 18, The Rebel ... 33, 3. Gopal and the Hilsa Fish ... 36, The Shed ... 48, NOTES, , FOR THE, , TEACHER (UNITS 4 –7) ... 50, , 4. The Ashes that Made Trees Bloom ... 55, Chivvy ... 69, 5. Quality ... 71, Trees ... 83, 6. Expert Detectives ... 85, Mystery of the Talking Fan ... 97, 7. The Invention of Vita-Wonk ... 99, Dad and the Cat and the Tree ... 107, NOTES, , FOR THE, , TEACHER (UNITS 8–10) ... 111, , 8. Fire: Friend and Foe ... 114, Meadow Surprises ... 123, 9. A Bicycle in Good Repair ... 126, Garden Snake ... 137, 10. The Story of Cricket ... 139
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NOTES, , FOR THE, , TEACHER, , ● ✁ ✂✄☎, ✆ ▲✝✞✟✠✡✠☛ ✞ ☞✞✠☛✌✞☛✝ ✍✝✞✠✎ ✌✎✡✠☛ ✡✏ ✑✒✟ ✞ ✓✡✔✝ ✕✞✟✡✝✏✖ ✒✑, ♣✌✟♣✒✎✝✎✗ ▲✞✠☛✌✞☛✝ ✡✎ ✘✝✎✏ ✞✙✚✌✡✟✝✔ ✓✛✝✠ ✞✏✏✝✠✏✡✒✠ ✡✎, ✑✒✙✌✎✝✔ ✒✠ ✍✝✞✠✡✠☛❢ ✠✒✏ ✒✠ ✑✒✟✍✗, ✆ ❲✒✟✔✎ ✞✠✔ ♣✛✟✞✎✝✎ ✠✒✏ ✙☞✒✎✝☞✖ ✟✝☞✞✏✝✔ ✏✒ ✒✘❡✝✙✏✎ ✞✠✔, ✞✙✏✡✒✠ ✟✝✍✞✡✠ ✝✍♣✏✖ ✞✠✔ ☞✡✑✝☞✝✎✎ ✏✒ ✖✒✌✠☛ ☞✝✞✟✠✝✟✎✗, ▲✞✠☛✌✞☛✝ ✙✒✍✝✎ ✞☞✡✕✝ ✓✛✝✠ ♣✟✝✎✝✠✏✝✔ ✡✠ ✍✝✞✠✡✠☛✜✍✞✢✡✠☛, ✙✒✠✏✝❝✏✎✗, ✆ ❲✒✟✔✎❞♣✛✟✞✎✝✎ ✏✛✞✏ ✞✟✝ ✌✎✝✔ ✏✒ ✞✙✙✒✍♣☞✡✎✛ ✍✞✠✖ ✌✎✝✑✌☞, ♣✌✟♣✒✎✝✎ ✑✒☞☞✒✓ ✞ ✙✝✟✏✞✡✠ ✎✖✎✏✝✍ ✡✠✛✝✟✝✠✏ ✡✠ ✏✛✝ ☞✞✠☛✌✞☛✝, ✡✏✎✝☞✑✗, ✆ ▲✝✞✟✠✝✟✎ ✘✝✙✒✍✝ ✑✞✍✡☞✡✞✟ ✓✡✏✛ ✏✛✝ ✎✖✎✏✝✍ ✏✛✟✒✌☛✛, ✙✒✠✏✡✠✌✒✌✎ ✝❝♣✒✎✌✟✝ ✏✒ ✏✛✝ ☞✞✠☛✌✞☛✝ ✡✠ ✍✝✞✠✡✠☛✜✑✒✙✌✎✝✔, ✎✡✏✌✞✏✡✒✠✎✗, ✆ ■✠✏✝✟✞✙✏✡✒✠❢ ✔✡✎✙✌✎✎✡✒✠ ✞✠✔ ✎✛✞✟✡✠☛ ✒✑ ✡✔✝✞✎ ✞✍✒✠☛, ☞✝✞✟✠✝✟✎ ♣✟✒✕✡✔✝ ✒♣♣✒✟✏✌✠✡✏✡✝✎ ✏✛✞✏ ✝☞✡✙✡✏ ❧✟✝✞☞✣ ✡✠✑✒✟✍✞✏✡✒✠, ✞✘✒✌✏ ✏✛✝✍ ✞✠✔ ✏✛✝✡✟ ✝❝♣✝✟✡✝✠✙✝✎ ✞✠✔ ✒♣✡✠✡✒✠✎✗, ✆ ❊✠✙✒✌✟✞☛✝ ☞✝✞✟✠✝✟✎ ✏✒ ✓✒✟✢ ✡✠ ♣✞✡✟✎ ✞✠✔ ✎✍✞☞☞ ☛✟✒✌♣✎, ✞✠✔ ☞✝✏ ✏✛✝✍ ☛✒ ✘✝✖✒✠✔ ✏✛✝ ✏✝❝✏✘✒✒✢ ✘✖ ♣✟✒✕✡✔✡✠☛ ✞, ✕✞✟✡✝✏✖ ✒✑ ☞✞✠☛✌✞☛✝ ✡✠♣✌✏✎ ✑✒✟ ✎♣✒✠✏✞✠✝✒✌✎ ✞✠✔ ✠✞✏✌✟✞☞, ✌✎✝ ✒✑ ☞✞✠☛✌✞☛✝✗, ✆ ❇✌✡☞✔ ✒✠ ✏✛✝ ✝❝✝✟✙✡✎✝✎ ☛✡✕✝✠ ✡✠ ✏✛✝ ✏✝❝✏✘✒✒✢ ✞✠✔ ✔✝✎✡☛✠, ✍✒✟✝ ✏✞✎✢✎❞✞✙✏✡✕✡✏✡✝✎ ✡✠ ✢✝✝♣✡✠☛ ✓✡✏✛ ☞✝✞✟✠✝✟✎✣ ✡✠✏✝✟✝✎✏✎❢, ✠✝✝✔✎ ✞✠✔ ✎✌✟✟✒✌✠✔✡✠☛✎✗ ❊✍♣☞✒✖ ✑✟✝✝✜✟✝✎♣✒✠✎✝ ✝❝✝✟✙✡✎✝✎, ✭✓✡✏✛ ✍✒✟✝ ✏✛✞✠ ✒✠✝ ♣✒✎✎✡✘☞✝ ✟✝✎♣✒✠✎✝✤✗, ✆ P✟✒✍✒✏✝ ✟✝✞✔✡✠☛ ✛✞✘✡✏✎ ✏✛✟✒✌☛✛ ✎✏✒✟✖✜✟✝✞✔✡✠☛ ✭✠✒✏, ✍✝✟✝☞✖ ✏✝✞✙✛✡✠☛ ✎✏✒✟✡✝✎ ✞✎ ✏✝❝✏✎✤❢ ✎✏✒✟✖✜✟✝✏✝☞☞✡✠☛❢ ✙✛✒✟✞☞, ✟✝✞✔✡✠☛❢ ✎✛✞✟✝✔ ✟✝✞✔✡✠☛❢ ✝✏✙✗, ✆ ❈✟✝✞✏✝ ✙☞✞✎✎ ☞✡✘✟✞✟✡✝✎ ✑✒✟ ✝❝✙✛✞✠☛✝ ✒✑ ✘✒✒✢✎ ✞✠✔ ✎✛✞✟✝✔, ✟✝✞✔✡✠☛✗ r✛✝ ☞✡✘✟✞✟✖ ✍✞✖ ✞☞✎✒ ✍✒✕✝ ✓✡✏✛ ✙✛✡☞✔✟✝✠ ✏✒ ✏✛✝, ✠✝❝✏ ✛✡☛✛✝✟ ✙☞✞✎✎✗
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✷✴✵❖✶✹✺✻❖✼✽, P✁✂✄☎ ✆✂✂✝ ✆✁✞ ✟✂ ✞✠✡☛☞✞ ✌✍✆✂ ✟✎ ✌✍✆✂✏ ✑✁✒✝ ✟✎ ✑✁✒✝✓, ❨✁✡ ✄✠✎ ☛✍♦✂ ✠ ✄✁✝✂✌ ✒✂✠✝✍✆☛ ✟✡✞ ✌✂✞ ✂♦✂✒✎ ✔☞✍✌✝ ✒✂✠✝ ✞☞✂, ♣✁✂✄ ✁✆ ☞✂✒✕☞✍☎ ✁✑✆ ✞✁ ✖✂✂✌ ✞☞✂ ✒✍✔☞✆✂☎☎ ✁✖ ✌✠✆☛✡✠☛✂✏, ✒☞✎✞☞✄ ✠✆✝ ✄✡☎✍✔ ✁✖ ✑✁✒✝☎✓ r✗✂✒✔✍☎✂☎ ✠✔✔✁✄♣✠✆✎✍✆☛ ✞☞✂, ♣✁✂✄ ✠✒✂ ✄✁✒✂ ✖✁✒ ✡✆✝✂✒☎✞✠✆✝✍✆☛ ✞☞✂ ♣✁✂✄ ✠☎ ✠ ✑☞✁✌✂, ✞☞✠✆ ✖✁✒ ✞✂✠✔☞✍✆☛ ✌✠✆☛✡✠☛✂ ✍✞✂✄☎✓, r✆✔✁✡✒✠☛✂ ✌✂✠✒✆✂✒☎ ✞✁ ✞✂✌✌ ✆✂✑ ☎✞✁✒✍✂☎✏ ✆✠✒✒✠✞✂ ✠✆✂✔✝✁✞✂☎✏, ✔✁✄♣✁☎✂ ☎☞✁✒✞ ♣✁✂✄☎ ✍✆ r✆☛✌✍☎☞ ✁✒ ✞☞✂✍✒ ✁✑✆ ✌✠✆☛✡✠☛✂✏, ✞✠✌t ✠✟✁✡✞ ♣✍✔✞✡✒✂☎✏ ✍✌✌✡☎✞✒✠✞✍✁✆☎ ✍✆ ✞☞✂ ✟✁✁t ✠✆✝ ✔✠✒✞✁✁✆☎, ✍✆ ✆✂✑☎♣✠♣✂✒☎✕✄✠☛✠✐✍✆✂☎✓ ✘✁✆✙✞ ☛✂✞ ✠✆✗✍✁✡☎ ✠✟✁✡✞ ✞☞✂, ✂✒✒✁✒☎ ✞☞✂✎ ✑✍✌✌ ✄✠t✂✓ ❡✁✆☎✞✠✆✞ ✂✗♣✁☎✡✒✂✏ ♣✒✠✔✞✍✔✂ ✠✆✝, ✔✁✒✒✂✔✞✍✁✆ ✍✆ ✞☞✂ ✖✁✒✄ ✁✖ ✖✂✂✝✟✠✔t ✑✍✌✌ ☞✂✌♣ ✞☞✂✄ ✍✄♣✒✁♦✂, ✞☞✂✄☎✂✌♦✂☎ ✟✎ ✠✆✝ ✟✎✓, r♦✂✒✎ ♣✠☛✂ ☞✠☎ ✠ ✔✁✌✡✄✆ ✖✁✒ ✑✁✒✝☎ ✠✆✝ ✄✂✠✆✍✆☛☎✓, r✆✔✁✡✒✠☛✂ ✔☞✍✌✝✒✂✆ ✞✁ ✑✒✍✞✂ ✝✁✑✆ ✁✞☞✂✒ ✑✁✒✝☎ ✞☞✂✎ ✖✍✆✝, ✝✍✖✖✍✔✡✌✞✏ ✠✌✁✆☛ ✑✍✞☞ ✞☞✂✍✒ ✄✂✠✆✍✆☛☎✏ ✍✆ ✞☞✍☎ ✔✁✌✡✄✆✓, ❯◆✚✛✜ ✥✢✸, ❚✣✤✦✦ ✧★✦✩✪✫✬✭✩, ❙✁✄✂ ☎✡☛☛✂☎✞✍✁✆☎ ☛✍♦✂✆ ✟✂✌✁✑ ✠✒✂ ✠♣♣✌✍✔✠✟✌✂ ✞✁ ✠✌✌ ♣✒✁☎✂, ✌✂☎☎✁✆☎ ✍✆ ✞☞✂ ✟✁✁t✓, ❆ ✮✁✌☎✞✁✎ ☎✞✁✒✎ ✯ ✞☞✂ ✞☞✒✂✂ ✰✡✂☎✞✍✁✆☎ ✍✆ ✞☞✂ ✁♣✂✆✍✆☛, ♣✠✒✠☛✒✠♣☞✏ ✞☞✁✡☛☞ ♣☞✍✌✁☎✁♣☞✍✔✠✌ ✍✆ ✆✠✞✡✒✂✏ ✄✠✎ ✟✂ ✁✖, ♣✒✠✔✞✍✔✠✌ ☎✍☛✆✍✖✍✔✠✆✔✂ ✞✁ ✍✆✝✍♦✍✝✡✠✌☎ ✍✆ ☎✂✌✖✱✒✂✠✌✍☎✠✞✍✁✆ ✠✆✝, ♦✠✌✡✂ ✍✆✔✡✌✔✠✞✍✁✆✓, ❙♣✂✆✝ ✠✟✁✡✞ ✲✳ ✄✍✆✡✞✂☎ ✝✍☎✔✡☎☎✍✆☛ ✞☞✂ ✰✡✂☎✞✍✁✆☎ ✞☞✂, t✍✆☛ ✠☎t☎✓ ❦✂✞ ✔☞✍✌✝✒✂✆ ✂✗♣✒✂☎☎ ✞☞✂✍✒ ♦✍✂✑☎✓ r♦✂✆ ✍✖ ✞☞✂✍✒, ✁✟☎✂✒♦✠✞✍✁✆☎ ✝✁ ✆✁✞ ✒✂♦✂✠✌ ✠✆✎ ✡✆✝✂✒☎✞✠✆✝✍✆☛ ✁✖ ✞☞✂, ✰✡✂☎✞✍✁✆☎✏ ✞☞✂ ✝✍☎✔✡☎☎✍✁✆ ☎✂☎☎✍✁✆ ✑✍✌✌ ♣✒✁♦✍✝✂ ✠✆ ✂✗✔✂✌✌✂✆✞, ✟✠☎✂ ✖✁✒ ✞☞✂ ✑✁✒t ✞✁ ✖✁✌✌✁✑✓, ✮☞✂☎✞✁✒✎✍☎☎✂✔✞✍✁✆✂✝✍✆✞✑✁♣✠✒✞☎✓ r✠✔☞♣✠✒✞✄✠✎✟✂☎✂✔✞✍✁✆✂✝, ✖✡✒✞☞✂✒✠✔✔✁✒✝✍✆☛✞✁✔✁✆♦✂✆✍✂✆✔✂✠✆✝✞✍✄✂✠♦✠✍✌✠✟✌✂✓, ➅❡✁✄♣✒✂☞✂✆☎✍✁✆ ❡☞✂✔t✙ ✠✞ ✞☞✂ ✂✆✝ ✁✖ ✂✠✔☞ ☎✂✔✞✍✁✆ ✍☎ ✠, ✒✂✔✠✌✌ ✁✖ ✑☞✠✞ ✞☞✂✎ ☞✠♦✂ ✒✂✠✝ ☎✁ ✖✠✒✓ ✘✂☎✍☛✆ ✑☞✍✌✂✱✒✂✠✝✍✆☛, ✔✁✄♣✒✂☞✂✆☎✍✁✆ ✂✗✂✒✔✍☎✂☎ ✍✆ ✞☞✂ ✖✁✒✄ ✁✖ ✖✠✔✞✡✠✌
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◆❖✴✵✶ ❋❖✷ ✴✸✵ ✹✵❊✺✸✵✷✻✼, , ❝ ✁✂✄☎✆☎✝✞✟ ✝ ✠✡☎✞☛✟ ✝✞☞ ✁✡✌☛✟✂✌☎ ❝✆ ✟❝☎ ✠✡☎✞☛✟ ✝✞, ❛✝✍✎ ✄ ❝ ✁✂✌☎☛✟ ✝ ✏ ✞☎✝☛☎✝❝☎✞☞ ☎☛❝✑, ✒ ❲✆✟✌☎ ❝ ✓☎✄✟✝✔ ✂ ✄☛✟ ✝✞ ✏ ☛✆☎ ☛☎✕☛☞ ☎✟☛✆☎✄ ☛❛✌✖ ❛✗ ✡☛ ☛✆☎, ✟✌✌✡✞☛✄❛☛✟ ✝✞ ✄ ❛✞✖ ❝✆✟✌✍✄☎✝ ☛ ☛☎✌✌ ✐ ✡ ❛✗ ✡☛ ☛✆☎✁✑, ■✌✌✡✞☛✄❛☛✟ ✝✞ ❛✄☎ ☛✆☎✄☎ ✝ ☛ ✁☎✄☎✌✐ ✏ ✄ ✍☎❝ ✄❛☛✟ ✝ ✗✡☛ ✁❛✟✝✌✐, ✏ ✄ ❝ ✁✂✄☎✆☎✝✞✟ ✝✑, ✒ ◗✡☎✞☛✟ ✝✞ ✡✝✍☎✄ ✘❲ ✄✖✟✝✔ ♦✟☛✆ ☛✆☎ ✙☎✕☛❡ ☛ ✗☎ ❛✝✞♦☎✄☎✍, ✄❛✌✌✐☞ ✌❛☛☎✄ ☛ ✗☎ ♦✄✟☛☛☎✝ ✟✝ ☛✆☎ ❝ ✂✐✗ ✖✑, ✒ ❆☛ ☛✆☎ ☎✝✍ ✏ ☛✆☎ ✌☎✞✞ ✝☞ ✍✄❛♦ ❝✆✟✌✍✄☎✝❡✞ ❛☛☛☎✝☛✟ ✝ ☛ ☛✆☎, ☛✆✄☎☎ ✠✡☎✞☛✟ ✝✞ ✟✝ ☛✆☎ ❝ ✝☛☎✕☛ ✏ ☛✆☎ ✂✄☎✞☎✝☛ ✂☎✄✟ ✍✎❝✌❛✞✞✑, ■✞✝❡☛ ☛✆☎ ✂✄☎✞☎✝☛ ✂☎✄✟ ✍ t✚✛ ✜✢✣✚t t✢✤✛ ☛ ✍ ❛✞ ✗☎✞☛, ✐ ✡ ❝❛✝ ☛✆☎ ☛❛✞✖ ✟✝ ✆❛✝✍ ② ✟✝☛✌✐ ♦✟☛✆ t✚✛ ✤✛✤✥✛✜✦✧★ ✏, ☛✆☎ ✔✄ ✡✂ ✏ ✄ ✆☎✄✎✆✟✞ ✣❣❣✩ ❛✝✍ ✐ ✡✄ ♦✝ ✪, ❚✫✬ ✭✮✯✰✱✱✬✲, ✒ ❉✄❛♦✟✝✔ ❛ ✞✠✡✟✄✄☎✌ ✄ ✏✟✝✍✟✝✔ ☛✆☎ ✂✟❝☛✡✄☎ ✏ ❛ ✞✠✡✟✄✄☎✌, ❛✝✍ ✍☎✞❝✄✟✗✟✝✔ ✟☛ ✓❛✄✟ ✡✞✌✐ ♦✟✌✌ ❝ ✁✁✟☛ ✌☎❛✄✝☎✄✞❡ ✟✝☛☎✄☎✞☛, ☛ ☛✆☎ ✂ ☎✁ ☛✆☎✐ ❛✄☎ ✄☎❛✍✟✝✔✑, ✒ ❍☎✌✂ ☛✆☎✁ ✏✟✝✍ ✘♦☎❛✄❡ ❛✝✍ ✟☛✞ ✡✞❛✔☎ ✟✝ ☛✆☎ ✍✟❝☛✟ ✝❛✄✐✑, ❆✓ ✟✍ ✏✟✕☎✍ ✂✆✄❛✞☎✞ ✌✟✖☎ ✘♦☎❛✄ ❛✝✍ ☛☎❛✄❡ ✄ ✘♦☎❛✄ ✝☎❡✞, ✆☎❛✄☛ ✝ ✝☎❡✞ ✞✌☎☎✓☎❡☞ ☎☛❝✑ ❉✄❛♦ ☛✆☎✟✄ ❛☛☛☎✝☛✟ ✝ ☛ ✞☎✝☛☎✝❝☎✞, ✌✟✖☎ ☛✆☎ ✏ ✌✌ ♦✟✝✔✑, ⑩ ❙✆☎ ✇❣✜✛ ❛ ✂✌❛✟✝ ✍✄☎✞✞ ✗✡☛ ❛✝ ☎✝✟✔✁❛☛✟❝ ✞✁✟✌☎✑, ⑩ ❙✆ ✡✌✍ ❛ ✁❛✝ ✇✛✳✜ ❛ ✌❛✍✐❡✞ ✂☎✄✏✡✁☎ ✪, ✒ ✙✆☎ ✟✌✌✡✞☛✄❛☛✟ ✝ ✔✟✓☎✝ ✟✝ ☛✆☎ ✗ ✖ ✁❛✐ ✔☎✝☎✄❛☛☎ ❝ ✁✁☎✝☛✞, ✞✡❝✆ ❛✞ ☛✆☎ ✏ ✌✌ ♦✟✝✔✑, ⑩ ✙✆☎ ✞✠✡✟✄✄☎✌❡✞ ☛❛✟✌ ✌ ✖✞ ✌✟✖☎ ❛ ✠✡☎✞☛✟ ✝ ✁❛✄✖✑, ⑩ ■☛ ✄☎✁✟✝✍✞ ✁☎ ✏ ☛✆☎ ✁❛✄✖ ✏ ✂✡✝❝☛✡❛☛✟ ✝ ☛✆❛☛ ❝ ✁☎✞, ❛☛ ☛✆☎ ☎✝✍ ✏ ❛✝ ✟✝☛☎✄✄ ✔❛☛✟✓☎ ✞☎✝☛☎✝❝☎✑, ⑩ ▲ ✖✟✝✔ ❛☛ ☛✆✟✞ ✞✠✡✟✄✄☎✌☞ ✐ ✡ ✁✟✔✆☛ ✞❛✐ ✟☛ ♦❛✞ ❛✞✖✟✝✔, ❛ ✠✡☎✞☛✟ ✝✑ ❲✆❛☛ ✟✞ ☛✆☎ ✠✡☎✞☛✟ ✝ ✪, ⑩ ✙✆☎ ✞✠✡✟✄✄☎✌ ✟✞ ♦☎❛✄✟✝✔ ❛ ✌ ✝✔ ✓☎✄❝ ❛☛ ✄☎❛❝✆✟✝✔ ☛✆☎, ☛✟✂ ✏ ✟☛✞ ☛❛✟✌✑, ⑩ ■✏ ✟☛ ✗☎✔✟✝✞ ☛ ✄✡✝ ✝ ♦☞ ✟☛✞ ☛❛✟✌ ♦✟✌✌ ✌ ✖ ✌✟✖☎ ☛✆☎ ✗✡✞✆✐, ☎✝✍ ✏ ❛ ✂❛✟✝☛☎✄❡✞ ✗✄✡✞✆✑
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✹✯✰✱✲✳✴✵✱✶✷, ❙✁✂✄☎ ✆✝✂ ✞✟✠✡☛ ☞✌✍✂✎ ✏✂✑✟✞✒ ✓☛☎ ✔✝✌✑✡✠✂✎ ✆✟ ✞✠✌✆✂ ✆✝✂, ✞✟✠✡ ✄✎✡ ✄☞✄✌✎☛✆ ✌✆ ✆✞✟ ✎✂✞ ✞✟✠✡☛ ✆✝✄✆ ✠✝✇✕✂✒, ☞✠✄✇, ➋➋➋➋➋➋➋➋➋ ➋➋➋➋➋➋➋➋➋, ✕✄✠☎ ➋➋➋➋➋➋➋➋➋ ➋➋➋➋➋➋➋➋➋, ✞✂✎✆, ➋➋➋➋➋➋➋➋➋ ➋➋➋➋➋➋➋➋➋, ✎♥✆, ➋➋➋➋➋➋➋➋➋ ➋➋➋➋➋➋➋➋➋, ❆ ✖✗✘✙ ✚✘ ✛✜✢✣✣✢✤✥, ❈✝✌✑✡✠✂✎✦☛ ✞✟✠✑✡ ➋ ✆✝✂✌✠ ☛✁✟✎✆✄✎✂✌✆✇ ✄✎✡ ✌✕✄☞✌✎✄✆✌✟✎✧, ✄✏✌✑✌✆✇ ✆✟ ☛✂✂ ✔✟✎✆✠✄✡✌✔✆✌✟✎☛ ✌✎ ✎✟✠✕✄✑ ✏✂✝✄✍✌✟♥✠ ✄✎✡, ✕✟✍✌✎☞ ✄✔✆☛ ✟♠ ✔✝✄✠✌✆✇✒, ❲✝✌✑✂ ✔✟✍✂✠✌✎☞ ☛✂✔✆✌✟✎☛ ✄✎✡ ☛♥✏★☛✂✔✆✌✟✎☛ ✟♠ ✆✝✂ ✆✂✩✆✧ ♠✟✔♥☛, ✟✎ ☛✌✆♥✄✆✌✟✎☛ ✌✎ ✞✝✌✔✝ ✔✝✌✑✡✠✂✎ ☛✂✂ ✆✝✂✕☛✂✑✍✂☛✒, ❊✑✌✔✌✆ ✆✝✂✌✠ ✔✟✕✕✂✎✆☛ ✟✎✧ ✄✎✡ ✠✂✄✔✆✌✟✎☛ ✆✟✧ ✪✄✍✌✦☛, ✂✩✄☞☞✂✠✄✆✌✟✎☛ ✄✏✟♥✆ ✆✝✂ ☎✌✆✆✂✎✦☛ ✄✎✔✂☛✆✠✇✧ ✔✝✌✑✡✠✂✎, ✔✑✂✍✂✠✑✇ ♠✂✂✡✌✎☞ ✆✝✂ ☎✌✆✆✂✎ ✄✎✡ ❝✠✌✡♥ ✄✎✡ ❝✂✂✎✄✦☛ ♠✌✎✄✑, ✄✔✆ ✟♠ ✔✝✄✠✌✆✇✒ ❛✟✔♥☛ ✟✎ ✍✄✑♥✂☛ ☛♥✔✝ ✄☛ ☛✌✎✔✂✠✌✆✇✧ ✔✄✠✂, ✄✎✡ ✔✟✕✁✄☛☛✌✟✎ ✄☛ ✂✩✂✕✁✑✌♠✌✂✡ ✌✎ ✆✝✂ ✂✁✌☛✟✡✂☛✒, ❯✎✡✂✠ ✫❲✟✠☎✌✎☞ ✞✌✆✝ ♦✄✎☞♥✄☞✂✦✧ ✝✌☞✝✑✌☞✝✆ ☛✟✕✂ ✁✟✌✎✆☛, ✄✏✟♥✆ ✆✝✂ ♥☛✂ ✟♠ ✌♠★✔✑✄♥☛✂☛✒, ✭✌✮ ✓✎ ✌♠★✔✑✄♥☛✂✧ ✄✑☛✟ ☎✎✟✞✎ ✄☛ ✄ ✔✟✎✡✌✆✌✟✎✄✑ ✔✑✄♥☛✂✧, ✂✩✁✠✂☛☛✂☛ ✄ ✔✟✎✡✌✆✌✟✎ ✟✠ ✔✄♥☛✂ ✞✝✟☛✂ ✠✂☛♥✑✆❡✂♠♠✂✔✆ ✌☛, ♠✂✑✆ ✌✎ ✆✝✂ ☛✂✔✟✎✡ ✁✄✠✆ ✟♠ ✆✝✂ ☛✂✎✆✂✎✔✂✒, ✭✌✌✮ ■♠ ✆✝✂ ✍✂✠✏ ✌✎ ✆✝✂ ✌♠★✔✑✄♥☛✂ ✌☛ ✌✎ ✆✝✂ ✁✠✂☛✂✎✆ ✆✂✎☛✂✧, ✆✝✂ ✟✆✝✂✠ ✔✑✄♥☛✂ ✎✟✠✕✄✑✑✇ ✝✄☛ ✫✞✌✑✑ t ✍✂✠✏✦✒, ✭✌✌✌✮ ✓✎ ✌♠★✔✑✄♥☛✂ ✔✄✎ ✏✂ ✁✑✄✔✂✡ ✂✌✆✝✂✠ ✄✆ ✆✝✂ ✏✂☞✌✎✎✌✎☞, ✟✠ ✄✆ ✆✝✂ ✂✎✡ ✟♠ ✆✝✂ ✕✄✌✎ ✔✑✄♥☛✂✒, ⑩ ■✦✑✑ ✔✟✕✂ ✆✟ ✇✟♥✠ ✝✟♥☛✂ ✌♠ ✌✆ ✡✟✂☛✎✦✆ ✠✄✌✎✒, ❖✠, ⑩ ■♠ ✌✆ ✡✟✂☛✎✦✆ ✠✄✌✎✧ ■✦✑✑ ✔✟✕✂ ✆✟ ✇✟♥✠ ✝✟♥☛✂✒, ✓✔✆✌✍✌✆✇ ✬♥✎✡✂✠✫❙✁✂✄☎✌✎☞✄✎✡ ❲✠✌✆✌✎☞✦✑✂✎✡☛✌✆☛✂✑♠ ✆✟ ✁✌✔☎✌✎☞, ♥✁ ✄✁✁✠✟✁✠✌✄✆✂✑✄✎☞♥✄☞✂✆✟✑✂✄✠✎✄✎✡ ✁✠✄✔✆✌☛✂✑✌♠✂☛☎✌✑✑☛☛♥✔✝, ✄☛ ✡✂✔✌☛✌✟✎★✕✄☎✌✎☞✧ ✎✂☞✟✆✌✄✆✌✎☞✧ ✁✂✠☛♥✄✡✌✎☞✧ ✂✆✔✒ ♦✂✆ ✄✑✑, ✆✝✂ ✔✝✌✑✡✠✂✎ ✌✎ ✁✄✌✠☛❡☞✠✟♥✁☛ ✁✂✠♠✟✠✕ ✆✝✌☛ ✄✔✆✌✍✌✆✇✒ ❍✂✑✁, ✆✝✂✕✧ ✞✝✂✠✂✍✂✠ ✎✂✔✂☛☛✄✠✇✧ ✞✌✆✝ ✄✁✁✠✟✁✠✌✄✆✂✑✄✎☞♥✄☞✂ ♥☛✂✒
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◆❖✺✻✼ ❋❖✽ ✺✾✻ ✿✻❊❀✾✻✽❁❂, ❚ ✁ ✂✁✄✁☎, ✆ ❆✝✞✟✠✟✞✡ ☛ ✟☞ ✌ ✝✍✎✏✟✑✌✞✟✍✑ ✍✒ ✍✓✔✑✕✔✑✖✔✖ ✌☞ ✗✔✘✘ ✌☞, ✞✔t✞✕✏✌☞✔✖ ✙✔☞✓✍✑☞✔☞✚ ✛✞✔✎☞ ✜✟✟✢ ✌✑✖ ✜✟✟✟✢ ✔✑✞✌✟✘ ✙✔✝✌✘✘✟✑✣✤, ✘✍✍❧✟✑✣ ✌✞ ✞✥✔ ✌✓✓✙✍✓✙✟✌✞✔ ✘✟✑✔☞ ✟✑ ✞✥✔ ✓✍✔✎ ✗✥✔✙✔✌☞ ✜✟✢✦, ✜✟✠✢✦ ✜✠✢ ✌✑✖ ✜✠✟✢ ✌✙✔ ✖✟☞✝✭☞☞✟✍✑ ✓✍✟✑✞☞✚, ✆ ▲✔✞ ✝✥✟✘✖✙✔✑ ✙✔✌✖ ✛✑✞✙✍✖✭✝✞✟✍✑ ✞✍ ✞✥✔ ✓✍✔✎ ☞✟✘✔✑✞✘✡ ✌✑✖, ✒✟✑✖ ✞✥✔ ✖✔☞✟✙✔✖ ✗✍✙✖✚ ❢✥✔ ☞✟✣✑✟✒✟✝✌✑✝✔ ✍✒ ✞✥✔ ✞✟✞✘✔ ✗✟✘✘✦, ✞✥✔✑✦ ✏✔✝✍✎✔ ✌✎✓✘✡ ✝✘✔✌✙✚, ✆ ❢✥✔ ✓✍✔✎ ✝✍✑✞✌✟✑☞ ☛✧ ✝✍✭✓✘✔✞☞✚ ★✌✝✥ ✝✍✭✓✘✔✞ ✎✌✡ ✏✔, ✙✔✝✟✞✔✖ ✌☞ ✌✑ ✟✑✖✔✓✔✑✖✔✑✞ ✭✑✟✞✚, ✆ ❆☞❧ ✝✥✟✘✖✙✔✑ ✟✒ ✞✥✔✡ ✞✥✟✑❧ ✞✥✔ ✘✌☞✞ ✝✍✭✓✘✔✞ ✔t✓✙✔☞☞✔☞ ✞✥✔, ✓✍✔✞♣☞ ✍✗✑ ✍✓✟✑✟✍✑ ✌✑✖ ✝✍✎✎✔✑✞✚, ✆ ❘✔✘✌✞✔ ✞✥✔ ✘✌☞✞ ✝✍✭✓✘✔✞ ✞✍ ✞✥✔ ✖✟☞✝✭☞☞✟✍✑ ✟✞✔✎ ✜✠✟✢ ✭✑✖✔✙, ❆✝✞✟✠✟✞✡ ☛✚, ✆, ✆, , ✷, ✷, , ●✩✪✫✬ ✫✮✯ ✰✱✲ ✳✴✬✵✫ ✶✴✵✱, ❆ ✝✍✎✟✝ ☞✞✍✙✡ ✞✍ ✏✔ ✭✑✖✔✙☞✞✍✍✖ ✞✥✙✍✭✣✥ ✓✟✝✞✭✙✔☞ ✗✟✞✥, ☞✞✙✟✓☞ ✍✒ ✞✔t✞ ✒✍✙ ☞✭✓✓✍✙✞✚ s✥✟✘✖✙✔✑ ✗✟✘✘ ✥✌✠✔ ✌ ✑✌✞✭✙✌✘, ✔✑✞✥✭☞✟✌☞✎ ✒✍✙ ✞✥✟☞ ✑✔✗ ❧✟✑✖ ✍✒ ✎✌✞✔✙✟✌✘✚, ❉✟✠✟✖✔ ✞✥✔ ✝✘✌☞☞ ✟✑✞✍ ☞✎✌✘✘ ✣✙✍✭✓☞✚ ▲✔✞ ✔✌✝✥ ✣✙✍✭✓ ✘✍✍❧, ✌✞ ✌✑✖ ✖✔☞✝✙✟✏✔ ✌ ☞✔✞ ✍✒ ✓✟✝✞✭✙✔☞ ✜✌☞☞✟✣✑✔✖ ✞✍ ✞✥✔✎✢ ✌✑✖, ✝✍✑☞✞✙✭✝✞ ✞✥✔✟✙ ✍✗✑ ✞✔t✞✚ ❢✔t✞☞ ✞✥✭☞ ✓✙✍✖✭✝✔✖ ✝✌✑ ✏✔, ✓✭✞ ✞✍✣✔✞✥✔✙ ✞✍ ✒✍✙✎ ✌ ✝✍✎✓✘✔✞✔ ☞✞✍✙✡✦ ✞✍ ✏✔ ✔✖✟✞✔✖ ✒✍✙, ✝✍✥✔✙✔✑✝✔ ✌✑✖ ✌✝✝✭✙✌✝✡✚ ✛✒ ✑✔✝✔☞☞✌✙✡✦ ✞✔t✞☞ ✎✌✡ ✒✟✙☞✞ ✏✔, ✓✙✍✖✭✝✔✖ ✟✑ ✞✥✔ ✝✥✟✘✖♣☞ ✍✗✑ ✘✌✑✣✭✌✣✔✦ ✌✑✖ ✞✥✔ ✞✔✌✝✥✔✙, ✝✌✑ ✥✔✘✓ ✞✥✔✎ ✞✍ ✙✔✒✍✙✎✭✘✌✞✔ ✞✥✔☞✔ ✟✑ ★✑✣✘✟☞✥✚, s✍✑✠✔✙☞✔✘✡✦ ✒✍✙ ✝✥✟✘✖✙✔✑ ✒✘✭✔✑✞ ✟✑ ★✑✣✘✟☞✥✦ ✞✥✟☞ ✎✌✡, ✏✔ ✌✑ ✍✓✓✍✙✞✭✑✟✞✡ ✞✍ ✒✍✙✎✭✘✌✞✔ ✔❜✭✟✠✌✘✔✑✞ ✞✔t✞☞ ✟✑, ✞✥✔✟✙ ✍✗✑ ✘✌✑✣✭✌✣✔☞✚, P✟✝✞✭✙✔ ✙✔✌✖✟✑✣ ✭✑✖✔✙ ❡✸✓✔✌❧✟✑✣ ✌✑✖ ✹✙✟✞✟✑✣♣ ✞✍ ✏✔, ✌✞✞✔✎✓✞✔✖ ✟✑ ✞✥✔ ☞✌✎✔ ✎✌✑✑✔✙✚, ✹✍✙✖ ✘✌✖✖✔✙ ✓✙✍✠✟✖✔☞ ✌✑ ✍✓✓✍✙✞✭✑✟✞✡ ✒✍✙ ✠✍✝✌✏✭✘✌✙✡, ✏✭✟✘✖✟✑✣✚ ★✘✟✝✟✞ ✞✥✔ ✙✔❜✭✟✙✔✖ ✗✍✙✖ ✒✙✍✎ ✘✔✌✙✑✔✙☞ ✏✡, ✓✙✍✠✟✖✟✑✣ ✌ ☞✔✞ ✍✒ ☞✡✑✍✑✡✎☞ ✒✍✙ ✟✞✚, ✝✙✍☞☞❝ ✌✑✣✙✡✦ ✌✑✑✍✡✔✖✦ ✖✟☞✓✘✔✌☞✔✖, ✞✟✑✡❝ ☞✎✌✘✘✦ ✘✟✞✞✘✔✦ ✑✔✣✘✟✣✟✏✘✔
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✻ ✁❖✂✄☎✆❖✝✞, , ❚✟✠ ✡✟✠☛, ☞ ❆✌✍ ✎✏✑✒✓✔✕✖ ✗✘ ✒✘✘✍ ✙✘✔ ✚✘✔✓✌✛✜✏✔✢✌✕✌ ✑✖ ✗✏✕ ✜✘✕✣, ✌s✤✤✕✌✗✑✖✤ ✗✏✕ ✖✕✤✒✕✎✗✕✓ ✌✗✢✗✕ ✘✙ ✗✏✕ ✌✏✕✓ ✒✑✍✕ ✥✌✜✑✓✕✔✦✌, ✚✕✇ ✏✢✖✤✑✖✤✧★ ✥✔s✌✗✩✧ ✑✖ ✗✏✕ ✙✑✔✌✗ ✌✗✢✖✪✢✫ ✬✏✕✔✕ ✢✔✕ ✙✘s✔, ✣✘✔✕ ✑✖ ✗✏✕ ✌✕✎✘✖✓ ✌✗✢✖✪✢✫, ☞ ▲✕✗ ✎✏✑✒✓✔✕✖ ✎s✒✒ ✘s✗ ✗✏✔✕✕ ✘✔ ✙✘s✔ ✜✢✑✔✌ ✘✙ ✔✏✩✣✑✖✤ ✚✘✔✓✌, ✗✏✢✗ ✎✘✣✕ ✢✗ ✗✏✕ ✕✖✓ ✘✙ ✒✑✖✕✌✫, ☞ ❆✎✗✑✭✑✗✩ ✮ ✚✑✒✒ ✤✕✖✕✔✢✗✕ ✢ ✒✘✗ ✘✙ ✑✖✓✑✭✑✓s✢✒ ✎✘✖✗✔✑✇s✗✑✘✖✌✫, ❈✏✑✒✓✔✕✖ ✣✢✩ ✕✭✕✖ ✣✢✍✕ s✜ ✌✜✘✘✍✩ ✌✗✘✔✑✕✌ ✢✖✓ ✯s✘✗✕, ✗✏✕✣ ✢✌ t✔✕✢✒✦ ✕✰✜✕✔✑✕✖✎✕✌✫ ✱✏✘✚ ✑✖✗✕✔✕✌✗ ✢✖✓ ✇✕✒✑✕✙ ✑✖, ✕✢✎✏ ✢✖✕✎✓✘✗✕✫
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1, ❇ ✁✂✄ ☎✂✆ ✄ ✝✞, ❆ ✟✠✡☛ ☞✌✍ ✎☞✏✑✑ ✒✓✑✍✎✠✔✡✍ ✌✡✕ ☞✑ ✠✍ ✍✑✑✟✠✡☛ ✌✡✍✖✑✏✍ ✎✔, ✎☞✑t✗ ✘☞✌✎ ✌✏✑ ✎☞✑ ✒✓✑✍✎✠✔✡✍✙ ✚✔✑✍ ✎☞✑ ✟✠✡☛ ☛✑✎ ✖☞✌✎ ☞✑, ✖✌✡✎✍✙, , Three Questions, ■, ❤✛ ✜❤✢✣✤❤✜ ✥✦✧✛ ✜✢ ✦ ✥✛★✜✦✩✪ ✫✩✪✤ ✜❤✦✜, ✻ ❤✛ ✬✢✣✭✮ ✪✛✯✛★ ✰✦✩✭ ✩✰ ❤✛ ✫✪✛✬ ✜❤★✛✛, ✜❤✩✪✤✱✲ ✳❤✛✱✛ ✜❤★✛✛ ✜❤✩✪✤✱ ✬✛★✛✴ ✵❤✦✜ ✩✱ ✜❤✛ ★✩✤❤✜, ✜✩✧✛ ✜✢ ✶✛✤✩✪ ✱✢✧✛✜❤✩✪✤✷ ✵❤✩✥❤ ✸✛✢✸✭✛ ✱❤✢✣✭✮, ❤✛ ✭✩✱✜✛✪ ✜✢✷ ✵❤✦✜ ✩✱ ✜❤✛ ✧✢✱✜ ✩✧✸✢★✜✦✪✜ ✜❤✩✪✤ ✰✢★, ❤✩✧ ✜✢ ✮✢✷, ✳❤✛ ✫✩✪✤❚ ✜❤✛★✛✰✢★✛❚ ✱✛✪✜ ✧✛✱✱✛✪✤✛★✱, ✜❤★✢✣✤❤✢✣✜ ❤✩✱ ✫✩✪✤✮✢✧❚ ✸★✢✧✩✱✩✪✤ ✦ ✭✦★✤✛ ✱✣✧, ✢✰ ✧✢✪✛♦ ✜✢ ✦✪♦✢✪✛ ✬❤✢ ✬✢✣✭✮ ✦✪✱✬✛★ ✜❤✛✱✛, ✜❤★✛✛ ✹✣✛✱✜✩✢✪✱✲, ▼✦✪♦ ✬✩✱✛ ✧✛✪ ✥✦✧✛ ✜✢ ✜❤✛ ✫✩✪✤❚ ✶✣✜ ✜❤✛♦ ✦✭✭, ✦✪✱✬✛★✛✮ ❤✩✱ ✹✣✛✱✜✩✢✪✱ ✮✩✰✰✛★✛✪✜✭♦✲, ✺✪ ★✛✸✭♦ ✜✢ ✜❤✛ ✰✩★✱✜ ✹✣✛✱✜✩✢✪❚ ✱✢✧✛ ✱✦✩✮ ✜❤✛, ✫✩✪✤ ✧✣✱✜ ✸★✛✸✦★✛ ✦ ✜✩✧✛✜✦✶✭✛❚ ✦✪✮ ✜❤✛✪ ✰✢✭✭✢✬ ✩✜, ✱✜★✩✥✜✭♦✲ s✪✭♦ ✩✪ ✜❤✩✱ ✬✦♦❚ ✜❤✛♦ ✱✦✩✮❚ ✥✢✣✭✮ ❤✛ ✮✢, ✛✯✛★♦✜❤✩✪✤ ✦✜ ✩✜✱ ✸★✢✸✛★ ✜✩✧✛✲ s✜❤✛★✱ ✱✦✩✮ ✜❤✦✜ ✩✜, ✬✦✱ ✩✧✸✢✱✱✩✶✭✛ ✜✢ ✮✛✥✩✮✛ ✩✪ ✦✮✯✦✪✥✛ ✜❤✛ ★✩✤❤✜ ✜✩✧✛, ✰✢★ ✮✢✩✪✤ ✱✢✧✛✜❤✩✪✤✲ ✳❤✛ ✫✩✪✤ ✱❤✢✣✭✮ ✪✢✜✩✥✛ ✦✭✭, ✜❤✦✜ ✬✦✱ ✤✢✩✪✤ ✢✪❚ ✦✯✢✩✮ ✰✢✢✭✩✱❤ ✸✭✛✦✱✣★✛✱❚ ✦✪✮, , —————–, —————–, —————–, —————–, —————–, —————–, —————–, —————–, —————–, —————–, —————–, —————–, —————–, —————–, —————–, —————–
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✽ ✁❖✂✄☎✆❖✝✞, , ✥✦✧★✥✩✪✫ ✬, ❣✭✮✯✰ ✮✱, ✰♣✮✰✲♣, ✳✴✮✵♣✶ ✷✮, ❣✸✹♣ ✬✺✹✸✳♣, ✮✭ ✷✮ ♦✬✻♣, ✭✯✲♣✵, ❴❴❴❴❴❴❴❴❴❴❴❴❴❴❴❴, ❴❴❴❴❴❴❴❴❴❴❴❴❴❴❴❴, ❴❴❴❴❴❴❴❴❴❴❴❴❴❴❴❴, ❴❴❴❴❴❴❴❴❴❴❴❴❴❴❴❴, ❴❴❴❴❴❴❴❴❴❴❴❴❴❴❴❴, ❴❴❴❴❴❴❴❴❴❴❴❴❴❴❴❴, ❴❴❴❴❴❴❴❴❴❴❴❴❴❴❴❴, ❴❴❴❴❴❴❴❴❴❴❴❴❴❴❴, ✼✾✿❀✼❁❂❂✾❃❄❅, ❆❈❆❉❈❊❋ ●❍, ❏❑❈ ▲●▼◆▲P◗, ❴❴❴❴❴❴❴❴❴❴❴❴❴❴❴❴, ❴❴❴❴❴❴❴❴❴❴❴❴❴❴❴❴, ❴❴❴❴❴❴❴❴❴❴❴❴❴❴❴❴, ❴❴❴❴❴❴❴❴❴❴❴❴❴❴❴❴, ❴❴❴❴❴❴❴❴❴❴❴❴❴❴❴❴, ❴❴❴❴❴❴❴❴❴❴❴❴❴❴❴❴, ❤❘❃❙❁❚❅, ❯ ❱❈❊❋●◆, ❲❑● ◗P❳❈❋, ❯◗●◆❈ ❯◆❨, ◗❈❯❨❋ ❯, ❋P❆❱◗❈ ◗P❍❈, ❩✾✾❬❭❩✾✾❬❄❅, ❯ ❋❆❯◗◗, ❍●❊❈❋❏, , ❛✟✠❛✡☛ ☞✌ ✠✍❛✎✏✑✏✒ ☛✏✏✓✏☞ ✔✏✕✏☛☛❛✒✡ ❛✎ ✎✍❛✎, ✎t✓✏✖ ✗✏✎ ✌✎✍✏✒☛ ☛❛t☞ ✎✍❛✎ ✎✍✏ ❡t✔✘ ✔✏✏☞✏☞ ❛, ✕✌❝✔✕t✟ ✌✙ ✠t☛✏ ✓✏✔ ✠✍✌ ✠✌❝✟☞ ✍✏✟✚ ✍t✓ ❛✕✎ ❛✎, ✎✍✏ ✚✒✌✚✏✒ ✎t✓✏✖ ✛✍t☛ ✠❛☛ ✜✏✕❛❝☛✏ ✌✔✏ ✓❛✔, ✠✌❝✟☞ ✙t✔☞ t✎ t✓✚✌☛☛t✜✟✏ ✎✌ ☞✏✕t☞✏ ✕✌✒✒✏✕✎✟✡✇, ✠t✎✍✌❝✎ ✍✏✟✚ ✙✒✌✓ ✌✎✍✏✒☛✇ ✎✍✏ ✒t✘✍✎ ✎t✓✏ ✙✌✒, ✏✑✏✒✡ ❛✕✎t✌✔✖, ❇❝✎ ✎✍✏✔ ✌✎✍✏✒☛ ☛❛t☞ ✎✍❛✎ ✎✍✏✒✏ ✠✏✒✏ ☛✌✓✏, ✎✍t✔✘☛ ✠✍t✕✍ ✕✌❝✟☞ ✜✏ ❝✒✘✏✔✎✖ ✛✍✏☛✏ ✎✍t✔✘☛ ✕✌❝✟☞, ✔✌✎ ✠❛t✎ ✙✌✒ ✎✍✏ ☞✏✕t☛t✌✔ ✌✙ ✎✍✏ ✕✌❝✔✕t✟✖ ♥✔ ✌✒☞✏✒, ✎✌ ☞✏✕t☞✏ ✎✍✏ ✒t✘✍✎ ✎t✓✏ ✙✌✒ ☞✌t✔✘ ☛✌✓✏✎✍t✔✘✇ t✎ t☛, ✔✏✕✏☛☛❛✒✡ ✎✌ ✟✌✌❡ t✔✎✌ ✎✍✏ ✙❝✎❝✒✏✖ ✢✔☞ ✌✔✟✡, ✓❛✘t✕t❛✔☛ ✕✌❝✟☞ ☞✌ ✎✍❛✎✖ ✛✍✏ ❡t✔✘✇ ✎✍✏✒✏✙✌✒✏✇, ✠✌❝✟☞ ✍❛✑✏ ✎✌ ✘✌ ✎✌ ✓❛✘t✕t❛✔☛✖, ♥✔ ✎✍✏t✒ ❛✔☛✠✏✒☛ ✎✌ ✎✍✏ ☛✏✕✌✔☞ ■❝✏☛✎t✌✔✇ ☛✌✓✏, ☛❛t☞ ✎✍❛✎ ✎✍✏ ✚✏✌✚✟✏ ✓✌☛✎ ✔✏✕✏☛☛❛✒✡ ✎✌ ✎✍✏ ❡t✔✘, ✠✏✒✏ ✍t☛ ✕✌❝✔✕t✟✟✌✒☛✣ ✌✎✍✏✒☛ ☛❛t☞✇ ✎✍✏ ✚✒t✏☛✎☛✖ ✢, ✙✏✠ ✌✎✍✏✒☛ ✕✍✌☛✏ ✎✍✏ ☞✌✕✎✌✒☛✖ ✢✔☞ ✡✏✎ ✌✎✍✏✒☛ ☛❛t☞, ✎✍❛✎ ✍t☛ ☛✌✟☞t✏✒☛ ✠✏✒✏ ✎✍✏ ✓✌☛✎ ✔✏✕✏☛☛❛✒✡✖, ✛✌ ✎✍✏ ✎✍t✒☞ ■❝✏☛✎t✌✔✇ ☛✌✓✏ ☛❛t☞ ☛✕t✏✔✕✏✖, ✤✎✍✏✒☛ ✕✍✌☛✏ ✙t✘✍✎t✔✘✇ ❛✔☞ ✡✏✎ ✌✎✍✏✒☛ ✒✏✟t✘t✌❝☛, ✠✌✒☛✍t✚✖, ✢☛ ✎✍✏ ❛✔☛✠✏✒☛ ✎✌ ✍t☛ ■❝✏☛✎t✌✔☛ ✠✏✒✏ ☛✌ ☞t✙✙✏✒✏✔✎✇, ✎✍✏ ❡t✔✘ ✠❛☛ ✔✌✎ ☛❛✎t☛✙t✏☞ ❛✔☞ ✘❛✑✏ ✔✌ ✒✏✠❛✒☞✖, ♥✔☛✎✏❛☞✇ ✍✏ ☞✏✕t☞✏☞ ✎✌ ☛✏✏❡ ✎✍✏ ❛☞✑t✕✏ ✌✙ ❛ ✕✏✒✎❛t✔, ✍✏✒✓t✎✇ ✠✍✌ ✠❛☛ ✠t☞✏✟✡ ❡✔✌✠✔ ✙✌✒ ✍t☛ ✠t☛☞✌✓✖, ✛✍✏ ✍✏✒✓t✎ ✟t✑✏☞ t✔ ❛ ✠✌✌☞ ✠✍t✕✍ ✍✏ ✔✏✑✏✒, ✟✏✙✎✖ ❧✏ ☛❛✠ ✔✌ ✌✔✏ ✜❝✎ ☛t✓✚✟✏ ✚✏✌✚✟✏✇ ❛✔☞ ☛✌ ✎✍✏, ❡t✔✘ ✚❝✎ ✌✔ ✌✒☞t✔❛✒✡ ✕✟✌✎✍✏☛✖ ❇✏✙✌✒✏ ✍✏ ✒✏❛✕✍✏☞, ✎✍✏ ✍✏✒✓t✎♠☛ ✍❝✎ ✎✍✏ ❡t✔✘ ✟✏✙✎ ✍t☛ ✍✌✒☛✏ ✠t✎✍ ✍t☛, ✜✌☞✡✘❝❛✒☞✇ ❛✔☞ ✠✏✔✎ ✌✔ ❛✟✌✔✏✖, ✢☛ ✎✍✏ ❡t✔✘ ✕❛✓✏ ✔✏❛✒ ✎✍✏ ✍✏✒✓t✎♠☛ ✍❝✎✇ ✍✏, ☛❛✠ ✎✍✏ ✍✏✒✓t✎ ☞t✘✘t✔✘ ✎✍✏ ✘✒✌❝✔☞ t✔ ✙✒✌✔✎ ✌✙ ✍t☛
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❚❍ ✁✁ ✥❯✁✂✄☎✆✝✂✴✞, ❤✟✠✡ ☛☞ ✌✍☞☞✠☞✎ ✠❤☞ ✏✑✒✌ ✓✒✎ ✔✕✒✠✑✒✟☞✎ ✎✑✌✌✑✒✌✡, ✖❤☞ ❤☞✍♠✑✠ ✗✓✘ ✕✙✎ ✓✒✎ ✗☞✓✏✚ ✓✒✎ ✓✘ ❤☞ ✗✕✍✏☞✎✚, ❤☞ ✛✍☞✓✠❤☞✎ ❤☞✓✜✑✙✢✡, ✖❤☞ ✏✑✒✌ ✗☞✒✠ ✟✣ ✠✕ ✠❤☞ ❤☞✍♠✑✠ ✓✒✎ ✘✓✑✎✚ ✤✦, ❤✓✜☞ ✔✕♠☞ ✠✕ ✢✕✟✚ ✗✑✘☞ ❤☞✍♠✑✠✚ ✠✕ ✓✘✏ ✢✕✟ ✠✕, ✓✒✘✗☞✍ ✠❤✍☞☞ ❡✟☞✘✠✑✕✒✘✧ ☛✕✗ ✔✓✒ ✦ ✙☞✓✍✒ ✠✕ ✎✕, ✠❤☞ ✍✑✌❤✠ ✠❤✑✒✌ ✓✠ ✠❤☞ ✍✑✌❤✠ ✠✑♠☞t ★❤✕ ✓✍☞ ✠❤☞, ✣☞✕✣✙☞ ✦ ✒☞☞✎ ♠✕✘✠t ♣✒✎ ✗❤✓✠ ✓✩✩✓✑✍✘ ✓✍☞ ✠❤☞, ♠✕✘✠ ✑♠✣✕✍✠✓✒✠t✪, ✖❤☞ ❤☞✍♠✑✠ ✙✑✘✠☞✒☞✎ ✠✕ ✠❤☞ ✏✑✒✌✚ ✛✟✠ ✎✑✎ ✒✕✠, ✘✣☞✓✏✡ ☛☞ ✗☞✒✠ ✕✒ ✎✑✌✌✑✒✌✡ ✤s✕✟ ✓✍☞ ✠✑✍☞✎✚✪ ✘✓✑✎, ✠❤☞ ✏✑✒✌✡ ✤✫☞✠ ♠☞ ✠✓✏☞ ✠❤☞ ✘✣✓✎☞ ✓✒✎ ✗✕✍✏ ✑✒ ✢✕✟✍, ✣✙✓✔☞✡✪, ✤✖❤✓✒✏✘✚✪ ✘✓✑✎ ✠❤☞ ❤☞✍♠✑✠✚ ✌✑✜✑✒✌ ✠❤☞ ✏✑✒✌ ❤✑✘, ✘✣✓✎☞✡ ✖❤☞✒ ❤☞ ✘✓✠ ✎✕✗✒ ✕✒ ✠❤☞ ✌✍✕✟✒✎✡, , ❴❴❴❴❴❴❴❴❴❴❴❴❴❴❴❴, ❴❴❴❴❴❴❴❴❴❴❴❴❴❴❴❴, ❴❴❴❴❴❴❴❴❴❴❴❴❴❴❴❴, ❴❴❴❴❴❴❴❴❴❴❴❴❴❴❴❴, ❴❴❴❴❴❴❴❴❴❴❴❴❴❴❴❴, ❴❴❴❴❴❴❴❴❴❴❴❴❴❴❴❴, ❛✬✬❛✭✮✯✰, ✱✲✳✵✶✷✸, ✹✺✱✱✻✼✷✸, ❜✽✷✳✵✻✷✷, ❴❴❴❴❴❴❴❴❴❴❴❴❴❴❴❴, ❴❴❴❴❴❴❴❴❴❴❴❴❴❴❴❴, ❴❴❴❴❴❴❴❴❴❴❴❴❴❴❴❴, ❴❴❴❴❴❴❴❴❴❴❴❴❴❴❴❴, ❴❴❴❴❴❴❴❴❴❴❴❴❴❴❴❴
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✶ ✁✂❖✄☎✆✝❖✞✟, , ❜✠✡☛ ☞ s✌✍✎✎, ♣✍✏✑✒✓s ✔✕, ❣✖✔✗✘✙ ✕✔✖, ♣✎✍✘✏s, ❴❴❴❴❴❴❴❴❴❴❴❴❴❴❴❴, ❴❴❴❴❴❴❴❴❴❴❴❴❴❴❴❴, ❴❴❴❴❴❴❴❴❴❴❴❴❴❴❴❴, ❴❴❴❴❴❴❴❴❴❴❴❴❴❴❴❴, ❴❴❴❴❴❴❴❴❴❴❴❴❴❴❴❴, ❴❴❴❴❴❴❴❴❴❴❴❴❴❴❴❴, ❴❴❴❴❴❴❴❴❴❴❴❴❴❴❴❴, ❴❴❴❴❴❴❴❴❴❴❴❴❴❴❴❴, ❴❴❴❴❴❴❴❴❴❴❴❴❴❴❴❴, ❴❴❴❴❴❴❴❴❴❴❴❴❴❴❴❴, ❴❴❴❴❴❴❴❴❴❴❴❴❴❴❴❴, ❴❴❴❴❴❴❴❴❴❴❴❴❴❴❴❴, ❴❴❴❴❴❴❴❴❴❴❴❴❴❴❴❴, ❴❴❴❴❴❴❴❴❴❴❴❴❴❴❴❴, ❴❴❴❴❴❴❴❴❴❴❴❴❴❴❴❴, ❴❴❴❴❴❴❴❴❴❴❴❴❴❴❴❴, ❴❴❴❴❴❴❴❴❴❴❴❴❴❴❴❴, ❴❴❴❴❴❴❴❴❴❴❴❴❴❴❴❴, ❴❴❴❴❴❴❴❴❴❴❴❴❴❴❴❴, ❴❴❴❴❴❴❴❴❴❴❴❴❴❴❴❴, ❴❴❴❴❴❴❴❴❴❴❴❴❴❴❴❴, ❴❴❴❴❴❴❴❴❴❴❴❴❴❴❴❴, ❴❴❴❴❴❴❴❴❴❴❴❴❴❴❴❴, ❴❴❴❴❴❴❴❴❴❴❴❴❴❴❴❴, ❴❴❴❴❴❴❴❴❴❴❴❴❴❴❴❴, ❴❴❴❴❴❴❴❴❴❴❴❴❴❴❴❴, ❴❴❴❴❴❴❴❴❴❴❴❴❴❴❴❴, , ❲✮✯✰ ✱✮✯ ✲✳✰✴ ✮✵✷ ✷✸✴ ✱✹✺ ✻✯✷✼✽ ✮✯ ✼✱✺✾✾✯✷, ✵✰✷ ❛✯✾✯✵✱✯✷ ✮✳✼ ❡✸✯✼✱✳✺✰✼✿ ❀✮✯ ✮✯❛♠✳✱ ✴✵❁✯ ✰✺, ✵✰✼✹✯❛✽ ✻✸✱ ✼✱✺✺✷ ✸✾✽ ✼✱❛✯✱❂✮✳✰✴ ✺✸✱ ✮✳✼ ✮✵✰✷ ❃✺❛, ✱✮✯ ✼✾✵✷✯✽ ✵✰✷ ✼✵✳✷✽ t❄✺✹ ❅✺✸ ❛✯✼✱✽ ✵✰✷ ❆✯✱ ♠✯ ✹✺❛✲✿❇, ❈✸✱ ✱✮✯ ✲✳✰✴ ✷✳✷ ✰✺✱ ✴✳❁✯ ✮✳♠ ✱✮✯ ✼✾✵✷✯ ✵✰✷, ❂✺✰✱✳✰✸✯✷ ✱✺ ✷✳✴✿, ❉✰✯ ✮✺✸❛ ✾✵✼✼✯✷✽ ✱✮✯✰ ✵✰✺✱✮✯❛✿ ❀✮✯ ✼✸✰ ✹✯✰✱, ✷✺✹✰ ✻✯✮✳✰✷ ✱✮✯ ✱❛✯✯✼✽ ✵✰✷ ✵✱ ❆✵✼✱ ✱✮✯ ✲✳✰✴ ✼✱✸❂✲, ✱✮✯ ✼✾✵✷✯ ✳✰✱✺ ✱✮✯ ✴❛✺✸✰✷ ✵✰✷ ✼✵✳✷✽ t❊ ❂✵♠✯ ✱✺, ❅✺✸✽ ✹✳✼✯ ♠✵✰✽ ❃✺❛ ✵✰ ✵✰✼✹✯❛ ✱✺ ♠❅ ❡✸✯✼✱✳✺✰✼✿ ❊❃, ❅✺✸ ❂✵✰ ✴✳❁✯ ♠✯ ✰✺ ✵✰✼✹✯❛✽ ✱✯❆❆ ♠✯ ✼✺ ✵✰✷ ❊ ✹✳❆❆, ❛✯✱✸❛✰ ✮✺♠✯✿❇, t➇✯❛✯ ❂✺♠✯✼ ✼✺♠✯✺✰✯ ❛✸✰✰✳✰✴✽❇ ✼✵✳✷ ✱✮✯ ✮✯❛♠✳✱✿, ❋●❍■❏❑▲❑▼◆P●▼ ❋▲❑◗❘, ❙❚ ❯❱❳ ❨❩❨ ❬❱❭ ❪❩❫❵ ❞❤❫❬ ❬✐ ❪❫✐❞ ❤❫❥❞❭❦❥ ❬✐ ❬❱❦❭❭, q❧❭❥❬❩✐❫❥♥, ♦❚ r❭❥❥❭❫❵❭❦❥ ❞❭❦❭ ❥❭❫❬ ❬❱❦✐❧❵❱✐❧❬ ❬❱❭ ❪❩❫❵❨✐✉, ✈❩✇ ❬✐ ①❭❬②❱ ❞❩❥❭ ✉❭❫❚, ✈❩❩✇ ❬✐ ①❩❫❨ ❤❫❥❞❭❦❥ ❬✐ ❬❱❭ q❧❭❥❬❩✐❫❥❚, ✈❩❩❩✇ ❬✐ ③✐✐❪ ①✐❦ ❬❱❭ ❞❩❥❭ ❱❭❦✉❩❬❚, ✈❩④✇ ❬✐ ❤❫❫✐❧❫②❭ ❤ ❦❭❞❤❦❨ ①✐❦ ❬❱✐❥❭ ❞❱✐ ②✐❧③❨ ❤❫❥❞❭❦, ❬❱❭ q❧❭❥❬❩✐❫❥❚, r❤❦❪ ❳✐❧❦ ②❱✐❩②❭❚, ⑤⑤, , ❀✮✯ ✲✳✰✴ ✱✸❛✰✯✷ ❛✺✸✰✷ ✵✰✷ ✼✵✹ ✵ ✻✯✵❛✷✯✷ ♠✵✰, ❛✸✰✰✳✰✴ ✱✺✹✵❛✷✼ ✱✮✯♠✿ ➇✳✼ ✮✵✰✷✼ ✹✯❛✯ ✾❛✯✼✼✯✷, ✵✴✵✳✰✼✱ ✮✳✼ ✼✱✺♠✵❂✮✽ ❃❛✺♠ ✹✮✳❂✮ ✻❆✺✺✷ ✹✵✼, ❢✚✛✜✢✣✤✥ ✦✧★✩, ❃❆✺✹✳✰✴✿, ❲✮✯✰ ✮✯ ❛✯✵❂✮✯✷ ✱✮✯ ✲✳✰✴ ✮✯ ❃✵✳✰✱✯✷ ✵✰✷, ❝✧✪★❝✫✧✬★✪✭★★, ❃✯❆❆ ✱✺ ✱✮✯ ✴❛✺✸✰✷✿ ❀✮✯ ✲✳✰✴ ✵✰✷ ✱✮✯ ✮✯❛♠✳✱
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❚❍ ✁✁ ✥❯✁✂✄☎✆✝✂✴✞✞, r✟✠✡☛✟☞ ✌✍✟ ✠✎✏✑✒ ✓✔✡✌✍✕✏✖ ✎✏☞ ✗✡✘✏☞ ✎ ✔✎r✖✟, ✇✡✘✏☞ ✕✏ ✍✕✒ ✒✌✡✠✎✓✍✙ ✚✍✟ ✛✕✏✖ ✇✎✒✍✟☞ ✎✏☞, ✓✡☛✟r✟☞ ✕✌ ✇✕✌✍ ✍✕✒ ✍✎✏☞✛✟r✓✍✕✟✗❝ ✜✘✌ ✌✍✟ ✜✔✡✡☞, ✇✡✘✔☞ ✏✡✌ ✒✌✡✢ ✗✔✡✇✕✏✖✙ ✚✍✟ ✛✕✏✖ r✟✣☞r✟✒✒✟☞ ✌✍✟, ✇✡✘✏☞ ✘✏✌✕✔ ✎✌ ✔✎✒✌ ✌✍✟ ✜✔✟✟☞✕✏✖ ✒✌✡✢✢✟☞✙, ✚✍✟ ✠✎✏ ✗✟✔✌ ✜✟✌✌✟r ✎✏☞ ✎✒✛✟☞ ✗✡r ✒✡✠✟✌✍✕✏✖, ✌✡ ☞r✕✏✛✙ ✚✍✟ ✛✕✏✖ ✜r✡✘✖✍✌ ✗r✟✒✍ ✇✎✌✟r ✎✏☞ ✖✎☛✟, ✕✌ ✌✡ ✍✕✠✙ ✐✤ ✌✍✕✒ ✌✕✠✟ ✌✍✟ ✒✘✏ ✍✎☞ ✒✟✌ ✎✏☞ ✌✍✟, ✎✕r ✇✎✒ ✓✡✡✔✙ ✚✍✟ ✛✕✏✖ ✇✕✌✍ ✌✍✟ ✍✟r✠✕✌✑✒ ✍✟✔✢, ✓✎rr✕✟☞ ✌✍✟ ✇✡✘✏☞✟☞ ✠✎✏ ✕✏✌✡ ✌✍✟ ✍✘✌ ✎✏☞ ✔✎✕☞, ✍✕✠ ✡✏ ✌✍✟ ✜✟☞✙ ✚✍✟ ✠✎✏ ✓✔✡✒✟☞ ✍✕✒ ✟✤✟✒ ✎✏☞, ✔✎✤ ❧✘✕✟✌✙ ✚✍✟ ✛✕✏✖❝ ✌✕r✟☞ ✜✤ ✍✕✒ ✇✎✔✛ ✎✏☞ ✌✍✟, ✇✡r✛ ✍✟ ✍✎☞ ☞✡✏✟❝ ✔✎✤ ☞✡✇✏ ✡✏ ✌✍✟ ✗✔✡✡r ✎✏☞, ✒✔✟✢✌ ✌✍r✡✘✖✍ ✌✍✟ ✏✕✖✍✌✙ s✍✟✏ ✍✟ ✎✇✡✛✟❝ ✕✌ ✇✎✒, ✒✟☛✟r✎✔ ✠✕✏✘✌✟✒ ✜✟✗✡r✟ ✍✟ ✓✡✘✔☞ r✟✠✟✠✜✟r, , ✦✧★✩✦✧✪✪✧✩✫, ❞✬✭✮✮✭❞, ❛✯❛✰✱, ❴❴❴❴❴❴❴❴❴❴❴❴❴❴❴❴, ❴❴❴❴❴❴❴❴❴❴❴❴❴❴❴❴, ❴❴❴❴❴❴❴❴❴❴❴❴❴❴❴❴, ❴❴❴❴❴❴❴❴❴❴❴❴❴❴❴❴, ❴❴❴❴❴❴❴❴❴❴❴❴❴❴❴❴, ❴❴❴❴❴❴❴❴❴❴❴❴❴❴❴❴, ❴❴❴❴❴❴❴❴❴❴❴❴❴❴❴❴, ❴❴❴❴❴❴❴❴❴❴❴❴❴❴❴, ❴❴❴❴❴❴❴❴❴❴❴❴❴❴❴❴, ❴❴❴❴❴❴❴❴❴❴❴❴❴❴❴, ❴❴❴❴❴❴❴❴❴❴❴❴❴❴❴
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✶ ✁✂❖✄☎✆✝❖✞✟, ✇✠✡☛✡ ✠✡ ✇☞✌ ✍☛ ✇✠✍ ✎✠✡ ✌✎☛☞✏✑✡ ✒✡☞☛✓✡✓ ✔☞✏, ❧✕✖✏✑ ✍✏ ✎✠✡ ✒✡✓ ✇☞✌✗, ➇✘✍☛✑✖✙✡ ✔✡✚✛ ✌☞✖✓ ✎✠✡ ✒✡☞☛✓✡✓ ✔☞✏ ✖✏ ☞ ✇✡☞✜, ❴❴❴❴❴❴❴❴❴❴❴❴❴❴❴❴ ✙✍✖✈✡✢ ✇✠✡✏ ✠✡ ✌☞✇ ✎✠☞✎ ✎✠✡ ✜✖✏✑ ✇☞✌ ☞✇☞✜✡✗, ➇✣ ✓✍ ✏✍✎ ✜✏✍✇ ✕✍✤ ☞✏✓ ✠☞✙✡ ✏✍✎✠✖✏✑ ✎✍ ✥✍☛✑✖✙✡, ❴❴❴❴❴❴❴❴❴❴❴❴❴❴❴❴, ❴❴❴❴❴❴❴❴❴❴❴❴❴❴❴❴ ✕✍✤ ✥✍☛✢✛ ✌☞✖✓ ✎✠✡ ✜✖✏✑✗, ❴❴❴❴❴❴❴❴❴❴❴❴❴❴❴❴, ➇✦✍✤ ✓✍ ✏✍✎ ✜✏✍✇ ✔✡✢ ✒✤✎ ♦ ✜✏✍✇ ✕✍✤✗ ♦ ☞✔, ✎✠☞✎ ✡✏✡✔✕ ✍✥ ✕✍✤☛✌ ✇✠✍ ✌✇✍☛✡ ☛✡✙✡✏✑✡ ✍✏ ✕✍✤✢, s✫✬✭✫✮✯ ✰✱✱✲ ✒✡✈☞✤✌✡ ✕✍✤ ❜✤✎ ✔✕ ✒☛✍✎✠✡☛ ✎✍ ✓✡☞✎✠ ☞✏✓ ✌✡✖✧✡✓, ✳✴ ✵✱✷✸✹, ✔✕ ❜☛✍❜✡☛✎✕✗ ✣ ✜✏✡✇ ✕✍✤ ✠☞✓ ✑✍✏✡ ☞❧✍✏✡ ✎✍ ✌✡✡ ✎✠☞✎, ❴❴❴❴❴❴❴❴❴❴❴❴❴❴❴❴, ❴❴❴❴❴❴❴❴❴❴❴❴❴❴❴❴ ✠✡☛✔✖✎✢ ☞✏✓ ✣ ✔☞✓✡ ✤❜ ✔✕ ✔✖✏✓ ✎✍ ✜✖❧❧ ✕✍✤ ✍✏ ✕✍✤☛, ❴❴❴❴❴❴❴❴❴❴❴❴❴❴❴❴ ✇☞✕ ✠✍✔✡✗ ★✤✎ ✎✠✡ ✓☞✕ ❜☞✌✌✡✓ ☞✏✓ ✕✍✤ ✓✖✓ ✏✍✎, ❴❴❴❴❴❴❴❴❴❴❴❴❴❴❴❴ ☛✡✎✤☛✏✗ ♥✍ ✣ ❧✡✥✎ ✔✕ ✠✖✓✖✏✑✩❜❧☞✈✡✢ ☞✏✓ ✣ ✈☞✔✡ ✤❜✍✏, ❴❴❴❴❴❴❴❴❴❴❴❴❴❴❴❴ ✕✍✤☛ ✒✍✓✕✑✤☞☛✓✢ ✇✠✍ ☛✡✈✍✑✏✖✌✡✓ ✔✡ ☞✏✓ ✇✍✤✏✓✡✓, ❴❴❴❴❴❴❴❴❴❴❴❴❴❴❴❴ ✔✡✗ ✣ ✡✌✈☞❜✡✓ ✥☛✍✔ ✠✖✔ ✒✤✎ ✣ ✌✠✍✤❧✓ ✠☞✙✡ ✓✖✡✓ ✖✥, ❴❴❴❴❴❴❴❴❴❴❴❴❴❴❴❴ ✕✍✤ ✠☞✓ ✏✍✎ ✓☛✡✌✌✡✓ ✔✕ ✇✍✤✏✓✌✗ ✣ ✇✖✌✠✡✓ ✎✍ ✜✖❧❧, ❴❴❴❴❴❴❴❴❴❴❴❴❴❴❴❴ ✕✍✤✢ ☞✏✓ ✕✍✤ ✠☞✙✡ ✌☞✙✡✓ ✔✕ ❧✖✥✡✗ ②✍✇✢ ✖✥ ✣ ❧✖✙✡✢ ✣ ✇✖❧❧, ❢✺✬✻✼❢✽✾✯, ✌✡☛✙✡ ✕✍✤ ☞✌ ✕✍✤☛ ✔✍✌✎ ✥☞✖✎✠✥✤❧ ✌✡☛✙☞✏✎ ☞✏✓ ✇✖❧❧ ✍☛✓✡☛, ✿✱✴❀✿ ❀❁❂, ✔✕ ✌✍✏✌ ✎✍ ✓✍ ✎✠✡ ✌☞✔✡✗ ✘✍☛✑✖✙✡ ✔✡✚✛, ✰✷❃✹, ❚✠✡ ✜✖✏✑ ✇☞✌ ✙✡☛✕ ✠☞❜❜✕ ✎✍ ✠☞✙✡ ✔☞✓✡ ❜✡☞✈✡, ❴❴❴❴❴❴❴❴❴❴❴❴❴❴❴❴, ❴❴❴❴❴❴❴❴❴❴❴❴❴❴❴❴ ✇✖✎✠ ✠✖✌ ✡✏✡✔✕ ✌✍ ✡☞✌✖❧✕✢ ☞✏✓ ✎✍ ✠☞✙✡ ✇✍✏ ✠✖✔, ❴❴❴❴❴❴❴❴❴❴❴❴❴❴❴❴ ✍✙✡☛ ☞✌ ☞ ✥☛✖✡✏✓✗ ✪✡ ✏✍✎ ✍✏❧✕ ✥✍☛✑☞✙✡ ✠✖✔ ✒✤✎ ✌☞✖✓, ❴❴❴❴❴❴❴❴❴❴❴❴❴❴❴❴ ✠✡ ✇✍✤❧✓ ✌✡✏✓ ✠✖✌ ✌✡☛✙☞✏✎✌ ☞✏✓ ✠✖✌ ✍✇✏ ✓✍✈✎✍☛, ❴❴❴❴❴❴❴❴❴❴❴❴❴❴❴❴ ✎✍ ❧✍✍✜ ☞✥✎✡☛ ✠✖✔✢ ☞✏✓ ✠✡ ❜☛✍✔✖✌✡✓ ✎✍ ✑✖✙✡ ✒☞✈✜, ❴❴❴❴❴❴❴❴❴❴❴❴❴❴❴❴ ✎✠✡ ✔☞✏ ✠✖✌ ❜☛✍❜✡☛✎✕✗, ▲✡☞✙✖✏✑ ✎✠✡ ✇✍✤✏✓✡✓ ✔☞✏✢ ✎✠✡ ✜✖✏✑ ✇✡✏✎ ✍✤✎, ❴❴❴❴❴❴❴❴❴❴❴❴❴❴❴❴, ❴❴❴❴❴❴❴❴❴❴❴❴❴❴❴❴ ✍✥ ✎✠✡ ✠✤✎ ☞✏✓ ❧✍✍✜✡✓ ☛✍✤✏✓ ✥✍☛ ✎✠✡ ✠✡☛✔✖✎✗ ★✡✥✍☛✡, ❴❴❴❴❴❴❴❴❴❴❴❴❴❴❴❴ ✑✍✖✏✑ ☞✇☞✕ ✠✡ ✇✖✌✠✡✓ ✍✏✈✡ ✔✍☛✡ ✎✍ ✑✡✎ ☞✏✌✇✡☛✌, ❴❴❴❴❴❴❴❴❴❴❴❴❴❴❴❴ ✎✍ ✠✖✌ t✤✡✌✎✖✍✏✌✗ ❚✠✡ ✠✡☛✔✖✎ ✇☞✌ ✍✏ ✠✖✌ ✜✏✡✡✌, ❴❴❴❴❴❴❴❴❴❴❴❴❴❴❴❴, ✌✍✇✖✏✑ ✌✡✡✓✌ ✖✏ ✎✠✡ ✒✡✓✌ ✎✠☞✎ ✠☞✓ ✒✡✡✏ ✓✤✑ ✎✠✡, ❴❴❴❴❴❴❴❴❴❴❴❴❴❴❴❴, ❴❴❴❴❴❴❴❴❴❴❴❴❴❴❴❴ ✓☞✕ ✒✡✥✍☛✡✗ ❚✠✡ ✜✖✏✑ ✇✡✏✎ ✤❜ ✎✍ ✎✠✡ ✠✡☛✔✖✎ ☞✏✓, ✌☞✖✓✢ ➇✘✍☛ ✎✠✡ ❧☞✌✎ ✎✖✔✡ ✣ ✒✡✑ ✕✍✤ ✎✍ ☞✏✌✇✡☛ ✔✕, t✤✡✌✎✖✍✏✌✢ ✇✖✌✡ ✔☞✏✗✛
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✶ ✁✂❖✄☎✆✝❖✞✟, , ❈✳✴✵✺✻✼✻✽✾✿✳✽ ❈✼✻❀❁, ❂❃❄❅❇❊❋❊ ❋●❊ ❍❃❇❇❃❏❑▲▼ ◆❊▲❋❊▲P❊◆ ◗❘ ❙❚❚❑▲▼ ❋●❊, ❙❅❅❛❃❅❛❑❙❋❊ ❅❙❛❋◆ ❃❍ ❋●❊ ◆❊▲❋❊▲P❊◆ ▼❑❯❊▲ ❑▲ ❋●❊ ◗❃❱❳, ❨❳ ❩❙▲❘ ❏❑◆❊ ❄❊▲ ❙▲◆❏❊❛❊❚ ❋●❊ ❬❑▲▼❭◆ ❪❫❊◆❋❑❃▲◆❴, ❵❳ ❜❃❄❊❃▲❊ ◆❫▼▼❊◆❋❊❚ ❋●❙❋ ❋●❊❛❊ ◆●❃❫❇❚ ◗❊ ❙ P❃❫▲P❑❇ ❃❍, ❏❑◆❊ ❄❊▲, ❝❳ ❜❃❄❊❃▲❊ ❊❇◆❊ ◆❫▼▼❊◆❋❊❚ ❋●❙❋ ❋●❊ ❬❑▲▼ ◆●❃❫❇❚ ●❙❯❊ ❙, ❋❑❄❊❋❙◗❇❊, ❞❳ ❢●❊ ❬❑▲▼ ❛❊❪❫❊◆❋❊❚ ❋●❊ ●❊❛❄❑❋, ❣❳ ❢●❊ ❬❑▲▼ ❏❙◆●❊❚ ❙▲❚ ❚❛❊◆◆❊❚ ❋●❊ ◗❊❙❛❚❊❚ ❄❙▲❭◆, ❏❃❫▲❚❴, ⑩ ◗❫❋ ❋●❊ ◗❇❊❊❚❑▲▼ ❏❃❫❇❚ ▲❃❋ ◆❋❃❅❳, ⑩ ❋❃ ❙▲◆❏❊❛ ❋●❛❊❊ ❪❫❊◆❋❑❃▲◆❳, ⑩ ◗❫❋ ❋●❊❑❛ ❙▲◆❏❊❛◆ ❏❊❛❊ ◆❃ ❯❙❛❑❊❚ ❋●❙❋ ❋●❊, ❬❑▲▼ ❏❙◆ ▲❃❋ ◆❙❋❑◆❍❑❊❚❳, ⑩ ❙▲❚ ❍❃❇❇❃❏ ❑❋ ◆❋❛❑P❋❇❘❳, ⑩ ❋❃ ●❊❇❅ ❋●❊ ❬❑▲▼ ❙P❋ ❙❋ ❋●❊ ❛❑▼●❋ ❋❑❄❊❳, , ❲♦✠✡☛☞✌ ✍☛✎✏ ✎✏✑ ✒✑❡✎, ❆✓✔✕✖✗ ✘✙✖ ✚✛✜✜✛✕✢✓✣ ✤✥✖✔✘✢✛✓✔✦, ✧✦ ★✙✩ ✕✪✔ ✘✙✖ ✫✢✓✣ ✪✬✭✢✔✖✬ ✘✛ ✣✛ ✘✛ ✮✪✣✢✯✢✪✓✔✰, ✷✦ ■✓ ✪✓✔✕✖✗ ✘✛ ✘✙✖ ✔✖✯✛✓✬ ✤✥✖✔✘✢✛✓✱ ✕✙✛✔✖ ✪✬✭✢✯✖ ✬✢✬ ✘✙✖, ♣✖✛♣✜✖ ✔✪✩ ✕✛✥✜✬ ✲✖ ✢✮♣✛✗✘✪✓✘ ✘✛ ✘✙✖ ✫✢✓✣✰, ✸✦ ★✙✪✘ ✔✥✣✣✖✔✘✢✛✓✔ ✕✖✗✖ ✮✪✬✖ ✢✓ ✪✓✔✕✖✗ ✘✛ ✘✙✖ ✘✙✢✗✬, ✤✥✖✔✘✢✛✓✰, ✹✦ ❉✢✬ ✘✙✖ ✕✢✔✖ ✮✖✓ ✕✢✓ ✘✙✖ ✗✖✕✪✗✬✰ ■✚ ✓✛✘✱ ✕✙✩ ✓✛✘✰
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❚❍ ✁✁ ✥❯✁✂✄☎✆✝✂✴✞✟, ✺✳ ✠✡☛ ☞✌☞ ✍✎✏ ✑✌✒✓ ✔✒☞ ✍✎✏ ✎✏✕✖✌✍ ✎✏✗✘ ✍✎✏ ☛✡✙✒☞✏☞ ✖✔✒✚, ✻✳, , ✭✌✮ ❲✎✡ ☛✔✛ ✍✎✏ ✜✏✔✕☞✏☞ ✖✔✒✚, ✭✌✌✮ ❲✎✢ ☞✌☞ ✎✏ ✔✛✑ ✣✡✕ ✍✎✏ ✑✌✒✓✤✛ ✣✡✕✓✌✦✏✒✏✛✛✚, , ✼✳ ✧✎✏ ✑✌✒✓ ✣✡✕✓✔✦✏ ✍✎✏ ✜✏✔✕☞✏☞ ✖✔✒✳ ❲✎✔✍ ☞✌☞ ✎✏ ☞✡ ✍✡, ✛✎✡☛ ✎✌✛ ✣✡✕✓✌✦✏✒✏✛✛✚, ✽✳ ❲✎✔✍ ☛✏✕✏ ✍✎✏ ✎✏✕✖✌✍✤✛ ✔✒✛☛✏✕✛ ✍✡ ✍✎✏ ✍✎✕✏✏ ★✙✏✛✍✌✡✒✛✚, ❲✕✌✍✏ ✏✔r✎ ✔✒✛☛✏✕ ✛✏✘✔✕✔✍✏✗✢✳ ❲✎✌r✎ ✔✒✛☛✏✕ ☞✡ ✢✡✙ ✗✌✑✏, ✖✡✛✍♠ ✔✒☞ ☛✎✢✚, ✩♦✪✫✬✯✰ ✱✬✲✵ ✶✷✯✰✸✷✰✹, ✾✳ ▼✔✍r✎ ✌✍✏✖✛ ✌✒ ✿✌✛✍ ❀ ☛✌✍✎ ✍✎✏✌✕ ✖✏✔✒✌✒✓✛ ✌✒ ✿✌✛✍ ❁✳, ✣✔✌✒✍✏☞❢ ✗✡✛✍ r✡✒✛r✌✡✙✛✒✏✛✛, ❆, , ❂, , ☛✡✙✒☞✏☞, , ✓✡✍ ✙✘ ✣✕✡✖ ✛✗✏✏✘, , ✭✌✌✮, , ✔☛✡✑✏, , ✓✌✦✏ ✜✔r✑, , ✭✌✌✌✮, , ✣✡✕✓✌✦✏, , ✛✖✔✗✗ ✘✔✍r✎✏✛ ✡✣ ✓✕✡✙✒☞ ✣✡✕ ✘✗✔✒✍✛, , ✭✌✦✮, , ✣✔✌✍✎✣✙✗, , ✛✏✦✏✕✏✗✢ ✌✒s✙✕✏☞, , ✭✦✮, , ✘✌✍✢, , ✘✔✕☞✡✒, , ✭✦✌✮, , ✜✏☞✛, , ✗✡✢✔✗, , ✕✏✍✙✕✒, , ✣✏✏✗ ✛✡✕✕✢ ✣✡✕, , ✭✌✮, , ✭✦✌✌✮, , ❃✛✏ ✔✒✢ ✍✎✕✏✏ ✡✣ ✍✎✏ ✔✜✡✦✏ ☛✡✕☞✛ ✌✒ ✛✏✒✍✏✒r✏✛ ✡✣ ✢✡✙✕, ✡☛✒✳ ❄✡✙ ✖✔✢ r✎✔✒✓✏ ✍✎✏ ✣✡✕✖ ✡✣ ✍✎✏ ☛✡✕☞✳, ❅✳ ❊✔r✎ ✡✣ ✍✎✏ ✣✡✗✗✡☛✌✒✓ ✛✏✒✍✏✒r✏✛ ✎✔✛ ✍☛✡ ✜✗✔✒✑✛✳ ❇✌✗✗ ✌✒, ✍✎✏ ✜✗✔✒✑✛ ☛✌✍✎ ✔✘✘✕✡✘✕✌✔✍✏ ✣✡✕✖✛ ✡✣ ✍✎✏ ☛✡✕☞ ✓✌✦✏✒ ✌✒, ✜✕✔r✑✏✍✛✳, ✠✏ ✎✔✛, ✎✏ ☛✌✗✗ ✕✏✖✏✖✜✏✕ ✎✌✛, , ✍✡ ✎✏✗✘ ✖✏✳ ❈✡ ✢✡✙ ✍✎✌✒✑, ✚ ✭✘✕✡✖✌✛✏✮, , ✠✏ ✎✔✛ ♣❉❋●■❏❑▲ ✍✡ ✎✏✗✘ ✖✏✳ ❈✡ ✢✡✙ ✍✎✌✒✑ ✎✏ ☛✌✗✗, ✕✏✖✏✖✜✏✕ ✎✌✛ ♣❉❋●■❏❑ ✚, ✛✔✌☞ ✍✎✔✍ ✡✒✗✢ ✣✕✏✛✎ ✏✦✌☞✏✒r✏, ✭✌✮ ✧✎✏, ✳✭s✙☞✓✏✮, ☛✡✙✗☞ ✖✔✑✏ ✎✌✖ r✎✔✒✓✏ ✎✌✛
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✶ ✁✂❖✄☎✆✝❖✞✟, ✭✠✠✡ ■ ✥✠✥♥➆t ♥♦t✠☛☞ ✌♥✍ ✎☞✏✠♦✑✎, ♦✒ ♦✓✠♥✠♦♥, ✌❛♦♥✔ t✕☞ ✥☞✖✌t☞✏✎✗ ✌✘t✕♦✑✔✕ t✕☞✍, ✒✏♦❛ ♦♥☞ ✌♥♦t✕☞✏ ♦❢☞✏ ✎❛✌✘✘ ✓♦✠♥t✎✙ ✭✥✠✒✒☞✏✡, ✗✖✑t, ✭✠✠✠✡ ■t➆✎ ✌ ✒✌✠✏✘✍ ✎✠❛✓✘☞ ✚✑☞✎t✠♦♥ t♦, ✌✎ ✒✠♥✌✘✛ ✭✌♥✎✇☞✏✡, ✇✠✘✘ ✍♦✑ ✌☛☛☞✓t ❛✍, ✭✠❢✡ ■t ✠✎♥➆t, t✕✌t, ✎✕♦✑✘✥, ✌✘✇✌✍✎ ✖☞ t✕☞ ❛♦t✕☞✏ ♦✒ ✠♥❢☞♥t✠♦♥✙ ✭♥☞☛☞✎✎✌✏✍✡, ❛☞♥✙ ❍♦✇ t✕☞✍ ✌☛✚✑✠✏☞, ✭❢✡ ❍☞✏❛✠t✎ ✌✏☞, ♥♦ ♦♥☞ ☛✌♥ t☞✘✘✙ ✭✇✠✎☞✡, t✕☞✠✏, ✭❢✠✡ ❚✕☞ ☛♦❛❛✠tt☞☞ ✕✌✎, t♦ ❛✌✜☞ ✢✌✔✥✠✎✕, ✠✎ ✘✠✜☞✘✍ t♦, ☛✌✓t✌✠♥ ♦✒ t✕☞ t☞✌❛✙ ❚✕☞, ✓✘☞✌✎☞ ☞❢☞✏✍♦♥☞✙ ✭✥☞☛✠✥☞✡, ✠✎ ✌✎ ♥♦✖✘☞ ✌✎ ✇✠✘✘✠♥✔♥☞✎✎, ✭❢✠✠✡ ❆✎✜✠♥✔ ✒♦✏, t♦, ✙ ✭✒♦✏✔✠❢☞✡, ❙✣✤✦✧★✩✪ ✦✩✫ ✬r★✮★✩✪, ✯✙ ■❛✌✔✠♥☞ ✍♦✑ ✌✏☞ t✕☞ ✜✠♥✔✙ ✰✌✏✏✌t☞ t✕☞ ✠♥☛✠✥☞♥t ♦✒ ✍♦✑✏, ❛☞☞t✠♥✔ t✕☞ ✕☞✏❛✠t✙ ♠☞✔✠♥ ✘✠✜☞ t✕✠✎✱, ❚✕☞ ✇✠✎☞ ❛☞♥ ✌♥✎✇☞✏☞✥ ❛✍ ✚✑☞✎t✠♦♥✎✗ ✖✑t ■ ✇✌✎ ♥♦t, ✎✌t✠✎✒✠☞✥ ✇✠t✕ t✕☞✠✏ ✌♥✎✇☞✏✎✙ s♥☞ ✥✌✍ ■ ✥☞☛✠✥☞✥ t♦ ✔♦, ✌♥✥ ❛☞☞t t✕☞ ✕☞✏❛✠t✙✙✙, ✷✙ ■❛✌✔✠♥☞ ✍♦✑ ✌✏☞ t✕☞ ✕☞✏❛✠t✙ ✲✏✠t☞ ✖✏✠☞✒✘✍ t✕☞ ✠♥☛✠✥☞♥t ♦✒, ✍♦✑✏ ❛☞☞t✠♥✔ t✕☞ ✜✠♥✔✙ ♠☞✔✠♥ ✘✠✜☞ t✕✠✎✱, s♥☞ ✥✌✍ ■ ✇✌✎ ✥✠✔✔✠♥✔ ✠♥ ❛✍ ✔✌✏✥☞♥✙ ❆ ❛✌♥ ✠♥, ♦✏✥✠♥✌✏✍ ☛✘♦t✕☞✎ ☛✌❛☞ t♦ ✎☞☞ ❛☞✙ ■ ✜♥☞✇ ✠t ✇✌✎ t✕☞, ✜✠♥✔✙✙✙, ❉✳ ✴✳✵ ✸✹✳✺✻✻✻, ✼✽✾✿ ❀❁ ✽✿❂❃❄❅❇ ❃✾❀❈❈❊ ✿❂❄❅❋ ❄❂✿ ❇✾❀● ❄❁ ❂❇✾, ✿❀❁● ❂✽ ❇❄●✾ ❏❃✽❑ ❀❁ ✾❁✾❑❊▲, ▼◆P◗❘❯ ❱◆ ❲❳❨❘ ❩❬
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The Squirrel, ❨♦ ✁✂✄ ☎✂✆✝ ✞✝✝✟ ✂ ✞✠ ✡☛☛✝❡ ✞✡☞☞✡✟✌ ♦✟ ☞☎✝ ✌☛♦ ✟✍, ✝✂☞✡✟✌ ✂ ✟ ☞✎ ✏☎✂☞ ✍✡✍ ✡☞ ❡♦♦✑ ❡✡✑✝✒ ✓✝☛✝ ✡✞ ✂ ✔♦✝☞✕✞, ✍✝✞❞☛✡✔☞✡♦✟ ♦✖ ✗ ✞☞ ✞ ❞☎ ✂ ✞✠ ✡☛☛✝❡✎, ❍✘ ✙✚✛✘ ✜ ✢✣✘✤✥✦✚✧ ★✜✛✩ ✪✚✛ ✥✜✦✫✬, ❆✧ ✚✭✘✛✮✚✜✥ ✚✪ ✯✛✜✰✬, ❍✘ ✤✜✥ ✣✱ ✤✥✛✜✦✯✲✥ ✥✚ ✘✜✥ ✜ ✧✣✥✳, ❍✘ ✫✦✩✘✴ ✥✚ ✥✘✜✤✘ ✜✧✴ ✱✫✜✰✬, ❆✧✴ ✦✪ ✙✘ ✛✜✧ ✜✛✚✣✧✴ ✲✦✤ ✥✛✘✘✬, ❍✘ ✙✘✧✥ ✥✲✘ ✚✥✲✘✛ ✙✜✰✳, ✵■✶✷✸✹✷ ✺❖✻✹✸✼ ❆✸❘✼✽✸❖✾✿, , ❲❀❁❂❃❄❅ ❇❃❈❉ ❈❉❊ ❋❀❊●, ❏❑ ▲▼◆ P◗❙❚ ❯▼❙ ❱◗❙❯ ❚❳◆ ❯▼❙ ❚❩❬❭❪❪❙❫ ❴❵◗❪❙ ❳ ❩❬❙❚❯❭◗❛ ❜❳❪❝, ❢◗❪ ❯❳❭❫❣❤ ✐❪❳❵ ❳ ❚❩❬❭❪❪❙❫❥ ◗❪ ❢❭❛P ❳ ❱❭❦❯❬❪❙ ◗❢ ❳ ❚❩❬❭❪❪❙❫, ❚❭❯❯❭❛s ◗❛ ❯▼❙ s❪◗❬❛P❑ ❧◗❵ ❵◗❬❫P ◆◗❬ P❙❚❦❪❭♠❙ ❭❯❚ ❯❳❭❫❤, ♥❑ ✐◗ ❵❙ ❬❚❬❳❫❫◆ ❚❳◆ ❯▼❳❯ ❳❛ ❳❛❭❜❳❫ ♣❵❙❳❪❚q ❳ ❯❳❭❫❤ ▲▼❳❯, P◗ ❵❙ ❚❳◆❤ rt☎✡✟✑✉ ✐◗❙❚ ❳❛ ❳❛❭❜❳❫ ❵❙❳❪ ❳ ❦◗❳❯❤ ✈◗❛❚❬❫❯, ❳ P❭❦❯❭◗❛❳❪◆ ❭❢ ◆◗❬ ❫❭❝❙❥ ❳❛P ❢❭❛P ◗❬❯ ▼◗❵ ♣❵❙❳❪q ❭❚ ❬❚❙P, ❭❛ P❭❢❢❙❪❙❛❯ ❵❳◆❚❑✇, ①❑ ❴❧❙ ❫❭❝❙P ❯◗ ❯❙❳❚❙ ❳❛P ❱❫❳◆❣❑ ▲▼◗ ❭❚ ❯❙❳❚❭❛s ❵▼◗❜❤, ❧◗❵ ❤
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2, Before you read, Mridu is a young girl growing up in Madras (now called, Chennai) with Tapi, her grandmother, and Thatha, her, grandfather. One afternoon Tapi takes her to her aunt, Rukku Manni’s house to meet her cousins Lalli, Ravi, and Meena., , A Gift of Chappals, I, , A, , scrawny:, thin, (suggesting, skinny toes), ________________, ________________, ________________, ________________, ________________, ________________, , smiling Rukku Manni threw open the, door. Ravi and Meena rushed out, and, Ravi pulled Mridu into the house. “Wait, let me take, off my slippers,” protested Mridu. She set them out, neatly near a pair of large black ones. Those were, grey, actually, with dust. You could see the clear, mark of every toe on the front part of each slipper., The marks for the two big toes were long, and scrawny., Mridu didn’t have much time to wonder about, whose slippers they were, because Ravi dragged, her to the backyard, behind a thick bitter-berry, bush. There, inside a torn football lined with, sacking and filled with sand, lay a very small, kitten, lapping up milk from a coconut half-shell., “We found him outside the gate this morning., He was mewing and mewing, poor thing,” said
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A GIFT, , Meena. “It’s a secret. Amma says Paati will leave, for our Paddu Mama’s house if she knows we, have a cat.”, “People are always telling us to be kind to, animals, but when we are, they scream. ‘Ooh,, don’t bring that dirty creature here!’ ” said Ravi., “Do you know how hard it is just to get a little, milk from the kitchen? Paati saw me with a glass, in my hand just now. I told her I’m very hungry, I, want to drink it, but the way she looked at me! I, had to drink most of it to throw her off the scent., Then she wanted the tumbler back. ‘Paati, Paati,, I’ll wash it myself, why should I put you to, trouble’, I told her. I had to run and pour the, , OF, , CHAPPALS/19, , Paati:, grandmother, (in Tamil), ________________, ________________, ________________, ________________, ________________, , throw her off, the scent:, mislead her, so that she, won’t, understand, the real, purpose
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20/HONEYCOMB, , ________________, ________________, _______________, ________________, ________________, ________________, ________________, ________________, ________________, ________________, ________________, ________________, ________________, ________________, ________________, ________________, ________________, ________________, ________________, , thatha:, grandfather, (in Tamil), descended, from: a, descendent, of, or comes, from, the, same family, ________________, ________________, ________________, ________________, ________________, ________________, , milk into this coconut shell and then run back, and wash the tumbler and put it back before she, got really suspicious. Now we have to think of, some other way to feed Mahendran.”, “Mahendran? This little kitty’s name is, Mahendran?” Mridu was impressed! It was a real, name —not just a cute kitty-cat name., “Actually his full name is Mahendravarma, Pallava Poonai. M.P. Poonai for short if you like., He’s a fine breed of cat. Just look at his fur. Like a, lion’s mane! And you know what the emblem of, the ancient Pallava kings was, don’t you?” he, looked expectantly at Mridu., Mridu giggled., “Think I’m joking? Well, just wait. I’ll show, you sometime. It’s clear you don’t know a thing, about history. Haven’t been to Mahabalipuram,, have you?” he said mysteriously. “Well, when, our class went to Mahabalipuram, I saw a statue, of his thatha’s thatha’s thatha’s thatha’s, thatha’s... etcetera, etcetera... Fact is, Mahendran, here is descended from that very same, ancient cat. A close relative, scientifically, speaking, of none other than the lion. The Pallava, lion, emblem of the Pallava dynasty!” Ravi, went on, walking around the bitter-berry bush,, waving a twig up and down, his eyes sparkling., “This cat is a descendant of none other than the, Mahabalipuram Rishi-Cat! And if I may, just remind you, they worshipped cats in, ancient Egypt!”
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A GIFT, , How he loved the sound of his own voice!, Meena and Mridu exchanged looks., “What does that have to do with anything?”, Mridu demanded., “Huh! I’m telling you this cat is descended..., from the Egyptian cat-god... no, goddess! Bastet!, Ya! That’s it!”, “So?”, “Well, one of the descendants of that cat-goddess, was a stowaway in one of the Pallava ships, and his, descendant was the Mahabalipuram Rishi-Cat,, whose descendant is —” Ravi flourished his twig at, Mahendran “— M.P. Poonai here... whoop EEK!” he, shrieked, very pleased with himself., Mahendran looked up, alarmed. He had just, been sharpening his claws on the edge of the, coconut shell. But worse than Ravi’s awful, whoop EEK was a ‘Kreech...!’ from the window., What a weird sound! If Mridu was startled,, M.P. Poonai was frightened out of his wits., Hair standing on end, he bounced up and, scurried towards a bamboo tray of red chillies, that had been set out to dry. Trying to hide, beneath it, he tipped a few chillies over himself., “Mi-a-aw!” he howled miserably., The ‘kreeching’ went on and on. “What’s that, noise?” said Mridu., “ That’s Lalli learning to play the violin,”, grunted Ravi., “She’ll never learn a thing. The musicmaster just goes on playing like a train, whizzing on and on, while Lalli’s all the time, derailing! Going completely off track!”, , OF, , CHAPPALS/21, , ________________, ________________, ________________, ________________, ________________, ________________, ________________, , stowaway:, someone, who hides, himself/, herself in a, ship or an, aircraft to, travel, unnoticed, ________________, ________________, , weird:, strange or, unusual, ________________, ________________, ________________, ________________, ________________, ________________, ________________, ________________, ________________, ________________, ________________, ________________, ________________, ________________
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22/HONEYCOMB, , Comprehension Check, ________________, ________________, ________________, ________________, ________________, ________________, ________________, _______________, ________________, ________________, ________________, ________________, ________________, ________________, ________________, ________________, ________________, ________________, ________________, ________________, ________________, ________________, ________________, , glided:, moved, along, smoothly, veshti:, dhoti (in, Tamil), stumbled:, followed, haltingly, , 1. What is the secret that Meena shares with Mridu in, the backyard?, 2. How does Ravi get milk for the kitten?, 3. Who does he say the kitten’s ancestors are? Do you, believe him?, 4. Ravi has a lot to say about M.P.Poonai. This shows that, (i) he is merely trying to impress Mridu., (ii) his knowledge of history is sound., (iii) he has a rich imagination., (iv) he is an intelligent child., Which of these statements do you agree/disagree to?, 5. What was the noise that startled Mridu and frightened, Mahendran?, , II, Mridu crept up to the window. Lalli was sitting a, little distance away, awkwardly holding her violin, and bowstring, her elbows jutting out and her eyes, glazed with concentration. In front of her, with most, of his back to the window, was the bony figure of, the music-master. He had a mostly bald head with, a fringe of oiled black hair falling around his ears, and an old-fashioned tuft. A gold chain gleamed, around his leathery neck, and a diamond ring, glittered on his hand as it glided up and down the, stem of the violin. A large foot stuck out from beneath, his gold-bordered veshti edge, and he was beating, time on the floor with the scrawny big toe., He played a few notes. Lalli stumbled behind, him on her violin, which looked quite helpless
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A GIFT, , and unhappy in her hands. What a difference!, The music-master’s notes seemed to float up and, settle perfectly into the invisible tracks of the, melody. It was like the wheels of a train fitting, smoothly into the rails and whizzing along, as Ravi, said. Mridu stared at that huge, beringed hand, moving effortlessly up the violin’s stem, making, lovely music., Squawk! There was Lalli derailing again!, “Amma!” came a wail from the gate. “Ammaoh!”, “Ravi, send that beggar away!” cried his mother, from the back verandah, where she was chatting, , OF, , CHAPPALS/23, , ________________, ________________, ________________, , beringed:, The musicmaster is, wearing a, ring., ________________, ________________, ________________, ________________, ________________
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24/HONEYCOMB, , ________________, ________________, ________________, , snooze:, short sleep, ________________, _______________, ________________, ________________, ________________, ________________, ________________, , kept my, body and, soul, together:, managed to, stay alive, ________________, ________________, ________________, ________________, ________________, , fed up:, tired and, unhappy, ________________, ________________, ________________, ________________, ________________, ________________, , with Tapi. “He has been coming here every day for, the past week, and it’s time he found another house, to beg from!” Paati explained to Tapi., Mridu and Meena followed Ravi out. The, beggar was already in the garden, making himself, quite at home. He had spread his upper cloth, under the neem tree, and was leaning against its, trunk, apparently prepared to take a little snooze, while he waited for the alms to appear. “Go away!”, said Ravi sternly. “My Paati says it’s time you, found another house to beg from!”, The beggar opened his eyes very wide and, gazed at each of the children one by one. “The, ladies of this house,” he said, at last, in a voice, choked with feeling, “are very kind souls. I have, kept my body and soul together on their, generosity for a whole week. I cannot believe that, they would turn me away.” He raised his voice., “Amma! Amma-oh!” Sad his wail might be, but it, certainly wasn’t feeble. It began in a deep, strong, rumble somewhere in his withered belly, and came, booming out of his mouth, with its few remaining, teeth stained brown with betel-chewing., “Ravi, tell him there’s nothing left in the, kitchen!” called Rukku Manni. “And he’s not to, come again—tell him that!” She sounded fed up., Ravi didn’t have to repeat it all to the beggar., What his mother said had been easy for them all, to hear, there under the neem tree. The beggar, sat up and sighed., “I’ll go, I’ll go!” he said wearily. “Only let me have, a rest here under this tree. The sun is so hot, the tar, has melted on the road. My feet are already
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A GIFT, , blistered.” He stretched out his feet to show large,, pink, peeling blisters on the soles of his bare feet., “I suppose he doesn’t have the money to buy, chappals,” Mridu whispered to Meena–Ravi., “Have you got an old pair in the house, somewhere?”, “I don’t know,” said Ravi. “Mine are too small, to fit his feet, or I’d have given them to him.” And, his feet were larger than Mridu’s and Meena’s., The beggar was shaking out his upper cloth, and tightening his dhoti. He raised his eyes and, looked fearfully at the road, gleaming in the, afternoon heat., “He needs something on his feet!” Meena said,, her big eyes filling. “It’s not fair!”, “Ssh!” said Ravi. “I’m thinking about it!, Blubbering, ‘it’s not fair, it’s not fair’ isn’t going to, help. In two minutes he’ll be frying his feet on, that road. What he needs is a pair of chappals., So where do we get them? Come, let’s search, the house.” He pushed Mridu and Meena into, the house., Just as she stepped into the verandah,, Mridu’s eyes fell on the odd-looking chappals, she had noticed when she arrived., “Ravi!” she whispered to him. “Whose, are those?”, Ravi turned and glanced at the, shabby-looking, but sturdy old slippers., He beamed and nodded. “These are just, the right size,” he said, picking them up., Mridu and Meena followed him, nervously back into the garden., , OF, , CHAPPALS/25, , blisters:, boils/, bubbles on, the skin,, from burns, or rubbing, ________________, ________________, ________________, ________________, ________________, ________________, ________________, ________________, , eyes, filling: with, tears, ________________, ________________, ________________, ________________, ________________, ________________, ________________, ________________
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26/HONEYCOMB, , ________________, _______________, ________________, ________________, , unappreciative:, disapproving, ________________, _______________, ________________, ________________, ________________, ________________, ________________, ________________, ________________, ________________, ________________, ________________, ________________, ________________, ________________, ________________, ________________, ________________, ________________, ________________, ________________, ________________, ________________, ________________, ________________, , “Here!” said Ravi to the beggar, dropping the, slippers in front of the old man. “Wear these and, don’t come back! ” The beggar stared at the, slippers, hurriedly flung his towel over his, shoulder, pushed his feet into them and left,, muttering a blessing to the children. In a minute, he had vanished around the corner of the street., The music-master came out of the house and, took an unappreciative look at the three of them, sitting quietly under the tree, playing marbles., Then he searched for his chappals in the, verandah, where he had put them., “Lalli!” he called, after a few moments. She, hurried up to him. “Have you seen my chappals,, my dear? I remember having kept them here!”, Ravi, Mridu, and Meena silently watched Lalli, and the music-master search every corner of the, verandah. He scurried around, looking over the, railing and crouching near the flower pots to look, between them. “Brand new, they were! I went all, the way to Mount Road to buy them!” he went on, saying. “They cost a whole month’s fees, do you, know?”, Soon Lalli went in to tell her mother. Rukku, Manni appeared, looking harassed, with Paati, following her., “Where could they be? It’s really quite, upsetting to think someone might have stolen, them. So many vendors come to the door,”, worried Paati., Rukku Manni caught sight of Ravi, Mridu,, and Meena sitting under the tree. “Have you, children...” she began, and then, seeing they were
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28/HONEYCOMB, , ________________, ________________, ________________, ________________, , clattered, off: gone off, noisily, (with the, noise or, clatter of, chappals), ________________, _______________, ________________, ________________, ________________, ________________, ________________, ________________, ________________, ________________, ________________, , to do... These days children have no respect for, elders, what to do? A Hanuman incarnate... only, Rama can save such a naughty fellow!” Rukku, Manni’s eyes flashed. She didn’t seem to like Ravi, being called a monkey, even a holy monkey. She, stood stiff and straight by the front door. It was, clear she wanted him to leave quickly., When he had clattered off in his new chappals,, she said, “Mridu, come in and have some tiffin., Honestly, how do you children think of such, things? Thank God your Gopu Mama doesn’t wear, his chappals to work...” As she walked towards, the kitchen with Mridu and Meena, she suddenly, began to laugh. “But he’s always in such a hurry, to throw off his shoes and socks and get into his, chappals as soon as he comes home. What’s your, Mama going to say this evening when I tell him I, gave his chappals to the music-master?”, , VASANTHA SURYA, [from Mridu in Madras:, Goruchaka Turns Up], , ________________, ________________, ________________, , Comprehension Check, , ________________, ________________, ________________, ________________, ________________, ________________, ________________, ________________, ________________, , 1. The music master is making lovely music. Read aloud, the sentence in the text that expresses this idea., 2. Had the beggar come to Rukku Manni’s house for the, first time? Give reasons for your answer., 3. “A sharp V-shaped line had formed between her, eyebrows.” What does it suggest to you about, Rukku Manni’s mood?
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A GIFT, , OF, , CHAPPALS/29, , Working with the Text, 1. Complete the following sentences., (i), , Ravi compares Lalli’s playing the violin to, , (ii), , Trying to hide beneath the tray of chillies, Mahendran, , (iii) The teacher played a few notes on his violin, and, Lalli, (iv) The beggar said that the kind ladies of the household, , (v), , After the lesson was over, the music teacher asked, Lalli if, , 2. Describe the music teacher, as seen from the window., 3., , (i) What makes Mridu conclude that the beggar has no, money to buy chappals?, (ii) What does she suggest to show her concern?, , 4. “Have you children...” she began, and then, seeing they, were curiously quiet, went on more slowly, “seen anyone, lurking around the verandah?”, (i) What do you think Rukku Manni really wanted to, ask?, (ii) Why did she change her question?, (iii) What did she think had happened?, 5. On getting Gopu Mama’s chappals, the music teacher tried, not to look too happy. Why?, 6. On getting a gift of chappals, the beggar vanished in a, minute. Why was he in such a hurry to leave?
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30/HONEYCOMB, , 7. Walking towards the kitchen with Mridu and Meena, Rukku, Manni began to laugh. What made her laugh?, , Working with Language, 1. Read the following sentences., (a) If she knows we have a cat, Paati will leave the house., (b) She won’t be so upset if she knows about the poor, beggar with sores on his fect., (c) If the chappals do fit, will you really not mind?, Notice that each sentence consists of two parts. The first, part begins with ‘if ’. It is known as if-clause., Rewrite each of the following pairs of sentences as a single, sentence. Use ‘if ’ at the beginning of the sentence., (a) Walk fast. You’ll catch the bus., If you walk fast, you’ll catch the bus., (b) Don’t spit on the road. You’ll be fined., If you spit on the road, you’ll be fined., (i) Don’t tire yourself now. You won’t be able to work in, the evening., (ii) Study regularly. You’ll do well in the examination., (iii) Work hard. You’ll pass the examination in the first, division., (iv) Be polite to people. They’ll also be polite to you., (v) Don’t tease the dog. It’ll bite you., 2. Fill in the blanks in the following paragraph., Today is Sunday. I’m wondering whether I should stay at, (go) out, I, home or go out. If I, (miss) the lovely Sunday lunch at home. If, I, (stay) for lunch, I, (miss), the Sunday film showing at Archana Theatre. I think I’ll, go out and see the film, only to avoid getting too fat.
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A GIFT, , OF, , CHAPPALS/31, , 3. Complete each sentence below by appropriately using any, one of the following:, if you want to/if you don’t want to/if you want him to, (i) Don’t go to the theatre, (ii) He’ll post your letter, (iii) Please use my pen, (iv) He’ll lend you his umbrella, (v) My neighbour, Ramesh, will take you to the doctor, (vi) Don’t eat it, , Speaking and Writing, 1. Discuss in small groups, If you want to give away something of your own to the, needy, would it be better to ask your elders first?, Is there someone of your age in the family who is very, talkative? Do you find her/him interesting and, impressive or otherwise? Share your ideas with others, in the group., Has Rukku Manni done exactly the same as the, children? In your opinion, then, is it right for one party, to blame the other?, 2. Read the following., A group of children in your class are going to live in, a hostel., They have been asked to choose a person in the group, to share a room with., They are asking each other questions to decide who, they would like to share a room with., Ask one another questions about likes/dislikes/, preferences/hobbies/personal characteristics. Use the, following questions and sentence openings., (i) What do you enjoy doing after school?, I enjoy...
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32/HONEYCOMB, , (ii) What do you like in general?, I like..., (iii) Do you play any game?, I don’t like..., (iv) Would you mind if I listened to music after dinner?, I wouldn’t..., (v) Will it be all right if I...?, It’s fine with me..., (vi) Is there anything you dislike, particularly?, Well, I can’t share..., (vii) Do you like to attend parties?, Oh, I..., (viii) Would you say you are...?, I think..., , Do you know..., Answer, , No. What this tall bird does on sensing, danger from far is to lie flat on the ground, with its long neck almost horizontal. The, enemy may not spot the ostrich in this, position from a distance and it may be, mistaken for a shrub or bush. If the danger, is close by, the ostrich will take off and run., Though ostriches cannot fly, they can run, as fast as 65 km per hour. If cornered, they, give a swift, hard kick., An ostrich burying its head in sand to, escape attention is a metaphor for people, who ignore rather than face a problem.
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The Rebel, Do you know anyone who always disagrees with, you or your friends, or likes to do the opposite of, what everyone thinks they should do? Think of a, word to describe such a person. Discuss with, your partner some of the things such a person, generally does., Now read the poem., , When everybody has short hair,, The rebel lets his hair grow long., When everybody has long hair,, The rebel cuts his hair short., When everybody talks during the lesson,, The rebel doesn’t say a word., When nobody talks during the lesson,, The rebel creates a disturbance., When everybody wears a uniform,, The rebel dresses in fantastic clothes., When everybody wears fantastic clothes,, The rebel dresses soberly., In the company of dog lovers,, The rebel expresses a preference for cats., In the company of cat lovers,, The rebel puts in a good word for dogs.
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34/HONEYCOMB, , When everybody is praising the sun,, The rebel remarks on the need for rain., When everybody is greeting the rain,, The rebel regrets the absence of sun., When everybody goes to the meeting,, The rebel stays at home and reads a book., When everybody stays at home and reads a book,, The rebel goes to the meeting., When everybody says, Yes please,, The rebel says, No thank you., When everybody says, No thank you,, The rebel says, Yes please., It is very good that we have rebels., You may not find it very good to be one., D. J. ENRIGHT, , Working with the Poem, 1. Answer the following questions., (i) If someone doesn’t wear a uniform to school, what do, you think the teacher will say?, (ii) When everyone wants a clear sky, what does the rebel, want most?, (iii) If the rebel has a dog for a pet, what is everyone else, likely to have?, (iv) Why is it good to have rebels?, (v) Why is it not good to be a rebel oneself?, (vi) Would you like to be a rebel? If yes, why?, why not?, , If not,
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THE REBEL/35, , 2. Find in the poem an antonym (a word opposite in meaning), for each of the following words., (i) long, (ii) grow, (iii) quietness, (iv) sober, (v) lost, 3. Find in the poem lines that match the following. Read, both one after the other., (i) The rebel refuses to cut his hair., (ii) He says cats are better., (iii) He recommends dogs., (iv) He is unhappy because there is no sun., (v) He is noisy on purpose., , Tutor Tooted, A Tutor who tooted a flute, Tried to tutor two tooters to toot., Said the two to their tutor,, “Is it harder to toot, Or to tutor two tooters to toot? “
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3, Before you read, Have you ever read a comic book? A comic book contains, stories told mainly through pictures., , Gopal and the Hilsa-fish, IT WAS THE SEASON FOR, HILSA-FISH. FISHERMEN COULD, THINK OF NOTHING BUT, HILSA-FISH
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38/HONEYCOMB
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40/HONEYCOMB
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42/HONEYCOMB, , Working with the Text, Answer the following questions., 1. Why did the king want no more talk about the hilsa-fish?, 2. What did the king ask Gopal to do to prove that he was, clever?, 3. What three things did Gopal do before he went to buy his, hilsa-fish?, 4. How did Gopal get inside the palace to see the king after, he had bought the fish?, 5. Explain why no one seemed to be interested in talking, about the hilsa-fish which Gopal had bought., 6. Write ‘True’ or ‘False’ against each of the following, sentences., (i) The king lost his temper easily., (ii) Gopal was a madman., (iii) Gopal was a clever man., (iv) Gopal was too poor to afford decent clothes., (v) The king got angry when he was shown to be wrong., , Working with Language, 1. Notice how in a comic book, there are no speech marks, when characters talk. Instead what they say is put in a, speech ‘bubble’. However, if we wish to repeat or ‘report’, what they say, we must put it into reported speech., Change the following sentences in the story to reported, speech. The first one has been done for you.
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GOPAL, , AND THE, , HILSA-FISH/43, , (i) How much did you pay for that hilsa?, The woman asked the man how much he, had paid for that hilsa., (ii), , Why is your face half-shaven?, Gopal’s wife asked him, , (iii) I accept the challenge, Your Majesty., Gopal told the king, , (iv) I want to see the king., Gopal told the guards, , (v), , Bring the man to me at once., The king ordered the guard, , 2. Find out the meaning of the following words by looking, them up in the dictionary. Then use them in sentences of, your own., , challenge, courtier, , mystic, , comical, smearing
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44/HONEYCOMB, , Picture Reading, 1. Look at the pictures and read the text aloud., , Stag by the side of a pond., , How beautiful my horns are!, , But my legs are so thin and ugly!, , Hunters! Run for your life!
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GOPAL, , AND THE, , HILSA-FISH/45, , Let me hide somewhere., , These branches... Oh, no !, , They are too close., Get out of here !, , I was proud of my horns. They could, have caused my death. I was, ashamed of my legs. They saved me.
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46/HONEYCOMB, , 2. Now ask your partner questions about each picture., (i) Where is the stag?, (ii) What is he doing?, (iii) Does he like his antlers (horns)?, (iv) Does he like his legs?, (v) Why is the stag running?, (vi) Is he able to hide in the bushes?, (vii) Where are the hunters now?, (viii) Are they closing in on the stag?, (ix) Is the stag free?, (x) What does the stag say about his horns and his, legs?, 3. Now write the story in your own words. Give it a title.
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GOPAL, , AND THE, , HILSA-FISH/47, , 4. Complete the following word ladder with the help of the, clues given below., , Clues, 1. Mother will be very, , if you don’t go to school., , 2. As soon as he caught, started writing., , of the teacher, Mohan, , 3. How do you like my, enough for you, is it?, , kitchen garden? Big, , 4. My youngest sister is now a, 5. Standing on the, the road., 6. Don’t make such a, 7. Don’t cross the, , old., , he saw children playing on, . Nothing will happen., till the green light comes on.
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The Shed, Do you know what a shed is? A cow shed, a tool, shed, a wood shed, for example. It’s a small room,, away from the main house, for storing or keeping, things, animals, tools, vehicles, etc. Ask your, partner if she/he has ever seen a shed. Let her/, him describe it to the class., Now read the poem., , There’s a shed at the bottom of our garden, With a spider’s web hanging across the door,, The hinges are rusty and creak in the wind., When I’m in bed I lie and I listen,, I’ll open that door one day.
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THE SHED/49, , There’s a dusty old window around at the side, With three cracked panes of glass,, I often think there’s someone staring at me, Each time that I pass,, I’ll peep through that window one day., My brother says there’s a ghost in the shed, Who hides under the rotten floorboards,, And if I ever dare to set foot inside, He’ll jump out and chop off my head,, But I’ll take a peek one day., I know that there isn’t really a ghost,, My brother tells lies to keep the shed for his den;, There isn’t anyone staring or making strange noises, And the spider has been gone from his web, since I don’t know when,, I’ll go into that shed one day soon,, But not just yet..., , FRANK FLYNN, Working with the Poem, 1. Answer the following questions., (i) Who is the speaker in the poem?, (ii) Is she/he afraid or curious, or both?, (iii) What is she/he planning to do soon?, (iv) “But not just yet...” suggests doubt, fear, hesitation,, laziness or something else. Choose the word which, seems right to you. Tell others why you chose it., 2. Is there a room in your house or a house in your, neighbourhood/locality where you would rather not go, alone, and never at night? If there is such a place and a, story to go with it, let others hear all about it.
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T S, NOTES, , R THE, E, FOR, , AC R, TEACHER, , UNITS 4–7, The Ashes That Made Trees Bloom, A Japanese story — underscores values such as honesty,, compassion, diligence, etc. with a hint of magical realism., The spirit of the dog is the old couple’s make-believe, determination to get past personal setbacks and, begin anew., Activity II under ‘Working with Language’ is about the, use of articles. The following explanatory notes may be, useful., • the indefinite article ‘a’ is used before a singular, countable noun when it is used for the first time. When, the same item is referred to again, the definite article, ‘the’ is used before it., • ‘the’ is also used before an adjective like ‘poor’ or ‘rich’, to refer to the whole class., – the poor and the weak, – the rich and the prosperous, – the down-trodden, Articles used in connected sentences are better, understood than when used in isolated examples. Here, is an additional exercise. Use ‘a’/‘an’/‘the’ appropriately., My neighbour is moving into, new house next, month. He is taking some furniture from, old, house, and is also buying some new furniture because, new house is bigger than, old house.
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NOTES, , FOR THE, , Chivvy, Groups of children jointly discuss the question without going, through the Introduction (Ask the question or write it on the, blackboard)., Spend a few minutes to find out their real responses., Let them now read the Introduction silently. You may, ask the following questions about the joke given in the, Introduction., • What was the child’s name?, • If it was Michael, why did he say it was Michael Don’t?, Children will be keenly interested to discuss questions 2, and 3 in particular. Here is an excellent opportunity for, them (a) to assess the practical value of rules/, prescriptions, and (b) to get a bit of their own back by, laying down instructions for grown-ups., , Quality, , •, •, , A story about dedication to work of high quality with the, passion of an artist and the eventual loss of art and quality, in a world of competition and consumerism., Re-read and discuss episodes where the author’s, admiration for Mr Gessler and his craft comes through., Using simple language, discuss the following points., • Production of goods on a large scale is necessary,, though it goes against the interests of small-scale, industry., • It is necessary to maintain quality of goods whether, they are produced on a big or small scale., Explain ‘accent’ with reference to spoken language. Make, a distinction between ‘accent’ and (word) ‘stress’., • Mr Gessler speaks English with a German accent. I, speak it with an Indian accent., What does ‘with a German/Indian accent’ really mean?, Minimal pairs to be said clearly maintaining the, distinction between the two vowel sounds., The sound ‘sh’ as in shine, ashes and fish to be practised, carefully in the activity under ‘Speaking’., , TEACHER/51
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52/HONEYCOMB, , Trees, Before reciting the poem, explain the phrase ‘to rake this fall’., • ‘Fall’ (in American English) means the same as autumn,, when trees shed their leaves., • ‘To rake’ is to sweep or put away. (It is quite a job to, rake heaps of dead leaves day after day to keep the, place clean.), Looking at trees shedding their leaves,, (i) what will “mothers” want to do ?, (ii) what will “fathers” want to do ?, Why has ‘timber’ been written as TIMBER-R-R ? (Perhaps, it is related to the act of chopping down trees for timber!, There may be other ideas in children’s minds.), Take children round to show them different trees and, shrubs growing in the vicinity., , Expert Detectives, Two detectives in the making with a talent for spotting, evidence, more imaginary than incriminating, against a, polite recluse with a health problem, Nishad and Maya, represent a special dimension of the children’s world of, curiosity and creativity., Tasks 1 and 3 under ‘Working with Language’ merit more, time and attention. Ask children to separate idiomatic, expressions with ‘tip’ from its non-idiomatic uses., • She has the entire chemistry book at her finger tips., (idiomatic : knows it thoroughly), • You don’t have to go to the Beauty Parlour to clean, your finger tips. (non-idiomatic), • She is an artist to her finger tips. (in every way), • His name is on the tip of my tongue, but I just can’t think, of it. (almost but not quite spoken or coming to mind), • Over a hundred thefts are reported every month, but, that’s just the tip of the iceberg. (small but evident, part of a bigger but hidden problem)
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NOTES, , FOR THE, , • Her greater experience tipped the scale/balance in her, favour, and she got the job. (became the deciding factor, in her favour), Draw children’s attention to some of the following uses of, ‘break’., •, •, •, , break the law: do something unlawful, break the journey: halt temporarily, break … serve/service: win a game (tennis, etc) when, the opponent is serving, • break down: start crying (humans); cease to function, (machines), • break into: enter stealthily, Now give children a break. Switch over to another task, after a short break., Children will be keenly interested to play detectives under, ‘Speaking’. Prepare them for this activity with care and, necessary caution., , Mystery of the Talking Fan, Discuss the points given at the beginning of the poem., After completing the exercises, children may try the, following activity. Ask them to rearrange the lines below, (write them on the blackboard first) so that it reads like a, poem. The first line is the opening line., Once there was a talking fan,, Could with confidence scan, And the way it talked, no man, The message of the talking fan., However quiet, crazy or wild,, Or woman or child,, Draw children’s attention to the rhyming words in, re-ordering lines., Provide simple stanzas from other poems for the same, activity for further practice., , TEACHER/53
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54/HONEYCOMB, , The Invention of Vita-Wonk, A fantasy depicting children’s fanciful wishes/ideas., Wonka-Vite, an exotic potion invented by Mr Willy Wonk,, enables people to become old, older, oldest at will. He is, now trying to invent something of counter effect., The piece is short, and need not take up more than two, periods for both parts. Names of people, plants and other, items may be difficult to pronounce, but the weirdness of, the recipe speaks for itself., Activities that follow are numerous and of different types,, and it is expected that they will evoke the desired response., Spend sufficient time on each activity under ‘Speaking, and Writing’., Recipe for Easy Palak – Dal may actually be tried at home., Children should be encouraged to bring other recipes,, preferably area-specific, from home., A recipe can also be used to demonstrate the use of the, passive voice in class., , Dad and the Cat and the Tree, In the lines that come after, The Cat gave a yell, And sprang to the ground,, Pleased as Punch..., there are five words beginning with the letter S. Each, refers to the cat. Find these words., Draw children’s attention to the vertical arrangement of the, last five words of the poem. Does the vertical order suggest, something? Does it remind them of the tree in which, Dad is stuck?, Dad in this poem is somewhat like Uncle Podger in Jerome, K. Jerome’s Three Men in a Boat. Read aloud an, appropriate excerpt from the book and discuss who, creates greater confusion — Dad or Uncle Podger., Highlight parallels between them.
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4, Before you read, This is a story about an honest and hardworking old, couple and their pet dog. The neighbours are troublesome,, and the dog dies a sad death. The spirit of the dog gives, solace and support to his master in unexpected ways., , The Ashes That Made, Trees Bloom, I, , I, , n the good old days of the daimios,, there lived an old couple whose only, pet was a little dog. Having no children, they, loved it as though it were a baby. The old dame, made it a cushion of blue crape, and at, mealtime Muko —for that was its name —would, sit on it as snug as any cat. The kind people fed, the pet with tidbits of fish from their own, chopsticks, and all the boiled rice it wanted., Thus treated, the dumb creature loved its, protectors like a being with a soul., The old man, being a rice farmer, went daily, with hoe or spade into the fields, working hard, from morning until O Tento Sama (as the sun, is called) had gone down behind the hills. Every, day the dog followed him to work, never once, , daimios: (in, 19th century, Japan), wealthy, landowners, , —————–, —————–, snug:, comfortable, , —————–, —————–, a being with, a soul:, like a, human child, (showing, emotion), , —————–, —————–
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56/HONEYCOMB, , turned up:, dug up, on purpose:, intentionally, ________________, ________________, ________________, ________________, ________________, ________________, ________________, ________________, ________________, ________________, ________________, ________________, ________________, ________________, gleamed:, shone/, glittered, , harming the white heron that walked in the, footsteps of the old man to pick up the worms., For the old fellow was patient and kind to, everything that had life, and often turned up a, sod on purpose to give food to the birds., One day the dog came running to him, putting, his paws against his legs and motioning with his, head to some spot behind. The old man at first, thought his pet was only playing and did not mind, it. But the dog kept on whining and running, to and fro for some minutes. Then the old, man followed the dog a few yards to a place where, the animal began a, lively scratching., Thinking it was, possibly a buried, bone or bit of fish,, the old man, struck his hoe in the earth,, when, lo! a pile of gold gleamed, before him.
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THE ASHES THAT MADE TREES BLOOM/57, , Thus in an hour the old couple were made, rich. The good souls bought a piece of land, made, a feast for their friends, and gave plentifully to, their poor neighbours. As for the dog, they petted, him till they nearly smothered him with kindness., Now in the same village there lived a wicked, old man and his wife, not a bit sensitive and kind,, who had always kicked and scolded all dogs, whenever any passed their house. Hearing of their, neighbours’ good luck, they coaxed the dog into, their garden and set before him bits of fish and, other dainties, hoping he would find treasure for, them. But the dog, being afraid of the cruel pair,, would neither eat nor move., Then they dragged him out of doors, taking a, spade and hoe with them. No sooner had the dog, got near a pine tree growing in the garden than he, began to paw and scratch the ground, as if a, mighty treasure lay beneath., “Quick, wife, hand me the spade and hoe!”, cried the greedy old fool, as he danced with joy., Then the covetous old fellow, with a spade,, and the old crone, with a hoe, began to dig; but, there was nothing but a dead kitten, the smell of, which made them drop their tools and shut their, noses. Furious at the dog, the old man kicked, and beat him to death, and the old woman finished, the work by nearly chopping off his head with the, sharp hoe. They then flung him into the hole and, heaped the earth over his carcass., The owner of the dog heard of the death of his, pet and, mourning for him as if he had been his, own child, went at night under the pine tree. He, , ________________, ________________, ________________, ________________, ________________, ________________, ________________, ________________, coaxed:, persuaded;, enticed, dainties:, tasty food, ________________, ________________, ________________, ________________, ________________, ________________, ________________, ________________, covetous:, greedy, crone: old, woman (old, man’s wife), ________________, ________________, ________________, flung: threw, carcass:, dead body, ________________, ________________, ________________
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THE ASHES THAT MADE TREES BLOOM/59, , So the old man chopped down the tree and, cut out of the middle of the trunk a section about, two feet long. With great labour, partly by fire,, partly by the chisel, he scraped out a hollow place, as big as a small bowl. He then made a longhandled hammer of wood, such as is used for, pounding rice. When New Year’s time drew near,, he wished to make some rice pastry. When the, rice was all boiled, granny put it into the mortar,, the old man lifted his hammer to pound the mass, into dough, and the blows fell heavy and fast till, the pastry was all ready for baking. Suddenly, the whole mass turned into a heap of gold coins., When the old woman took the hand-mill, and, filling it with beans began to grind, the gold, dropped like rain., Meanwhile the envious neighbour peeped, in at the window when the boiled beans were, being ground., “Goody me!” cried the old hag, as she saw, each dripping of sauce turning into yellow gold,, until in a few minutes the tub under the mill was, full of a shining mass of gold., So the old couple were rich again. The next, day the stingy and wicked neighbour came and, borrowed the mortar and magic mill. They filled, one with boiled rice and the other with beans., Then the old man began to pound and the woman, to grind. But at the first blow and turn, the pastry, and sauce turned into a foul mass of worms. Still, more angry at this, they chopped the mill into, pieces, to use as firewood., , ________________, ________________, ________________, ________________, ________________, pounding:, crushing;, grinding, ________________, ________________, ________________, ________________, ________________, ________________, ________________, ________________, ________________, ________________, ________________, ________________, ________________, ________________, ________________, ________________, ________________, ________________, ________________, , stingy:, miserly, ________________, ________________, ________________, ________________, ________________, ________________, ________________
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60/HONEYCOMB, , Comprehension Check, ________________, ________________, ________________, ________________, ________________, ________________, ________________, ________________, ________________, ________________, ________________, ________________, ________________, ________________, ________________, ________________, ________________, ________________, ________________, ________________, ________________, ________________, ________________, ________________, withered:, bare and dry, ________________, ________________, ________________, ________________, ________________, ________________, ________________, ________________, , 1. Why did the neighbours kill the dog?, 2. Mark the right item., (i) The old farmer and his wife loved the dog, (a) because it helped them in their day-to-day, work., (b) as if it was their own baby., (c) as they were kind to all living beings., (ii) When the old couple became rich, they, (a) gave the dog better food., (b) invited their greedy neighbours to a feast., (c) lived comfortably and were generous towards, their poor neighbours., (iii) The greedy couple borrowed the mill and the, mortar to make, (a) rice pastry and bean sauce., (b) magic ash to win rewards., (c) a pile of gold., , II, Not long after that, the good old man dreamed, again, and the spirit of the dog spoke to him, telling, him how the wicked people had burned the mill, made from the pine tree. “Take the ashes of the, mill, sprinkle them on the withered trees, and they, will bloom again,” said the dog-spirit., The old man awoke and went at once to his, wicked neighbour’s house, where he found the, miserable old pair sitting at the edge of their, square fireplace, in the middle of the floor,, smoking and spinning. From time to time they, warmed their hands and feet with the blaze from
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THE ASHES THAT MADE TREES BLOOM/61, , some bits of the mill, while behind them lay a pile, of the broken pieces., The good old man humbly asked for the, ashes. Though the covetous couple turned up, their noses at him and scolded him as if he were, a thief, they let him fill his basket with the ashes., On coming home, the old man took his wife, into the garden. It being winter, their favourite, cherry tree was bare. He sprinkled a pinch of, ashes on it, and, lo! it sprouted blossoms until it, became a cloud of pink blooms which perfumed, the air. The news of this filled the village, and, everyone ran out to see the wonder., The covetous couple also heard the story, and,, gathering up the remaining ashes of the mill, kept, them to make withered trees blossom., The kind old man, hearing that his lord, the, daimio, was to pass along the high road near the, , turned up, their noses:, treated him, with contempt, ________________, ________________, ________________, ________________, ________________, ________________, ________________, ________________, ________________, ________________, ________________, ________________, ________________, ________________, ________________
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62/HONEYCOMB, , train:, procession, ________________, ________________, ________________, ________________, ________________, ________________, prostrate:, lying on the, ground face, downward, ________________, ________________, ________________, ________________, ________________, ________________, ________________, ________________, ________________, ________________, palanquin:, royal van/, cart, ________________, ________________, ________________, ________________, ________________, ________________, ________________, ________________, gleefully:, happily, , village, set out to see him, taking his basket of, ashes. As the train approached, he climbed, up into an old withered cherry tree that stood by, the wayside., Now, in the days of the daimios, it was the, custom, when their lord passed by, for all the loyal, people to shut up their high windows. They even, pasted them fast with a slip of paper, so as not to, commit the impertinence of looking down on his, lordship. All the people along the road would fall, upon their hands and knees and remain prostrate, until the procession passed by., The train drew near. One tall, competent man, marched ahead, crying out to the people by the, way, “Get down on your knees! Get down on your, knees!” And every one kneeled down while the, procession was passing., Suddenly the leader of the van caught sight, of the aged man up in the tree. He was about to, call out to him in an angry tone, but, seeing he, was such an old fellow, he pretended not to notice, him and passed him by. So, when the daimio’s, palanquin drew near, the old man, taking a pinch, of ashes from his basket, scattered it over the tree., In a moment it burst into blossom., The delighted daimio ordered the train to be, stopped and got out to see the wonder. Calling, the old man to him, he thanked him and ordered, presents of silk robes, sponge-cake, fans and, other rewards to be given him. He even invited, him to his castle., So the old man went gleefully home to share, his joy with his dear old wife.
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THE ASHES THAT MADE TREES BLOOM/63, , But when the greedy neighbour heard of it,, he took some of the magic ashes and went out on, the highway. There he waited until a daimio’s train, came along and, instead of kneeling down like, the crowd, he climbed a withered cherry tree., When the daimio himself was almost directly, under him, he threw a handful of ashes over the, tree, which did not change a particle. The wind, blew the fine dust in the noses and eyes of the, daimio and his wife. Such sneezing and choking!, It spoiled all the pomp and dignity of the, procession. The man whose business it was to, cry, “Get down on your knees,” seized the old fool, by the collar, dragged him from the tree, and, tumbled him and his ash-basket into the ditch, by the road. Then, beating him soundly, he left, him for dead., Thus the wicked old man died in the mud, but, the kind friend of the dog dwelt in peace and plenty,, and both he and his wife lived to a green old age., , ________________, ________________, ________________, ________________, ________________, a particle:, even a little, bit, ________________, ________________, ________________, seized: caught, ________________, ________________, ________________, ________________, ________________, green: (here), healthy,, active and, prosperous, , WILLIAM ELLIOT GRIFFIS, [a Japanese tale], , Working with the Text, Answer the following questions., 1. The old farmer is a kind person. What evidence of his, kindness do you find in the first two paragraphs., 2. What did the dog do to lead the farmer to the hidden gold?, 3. (i) How did the spirit of the dog help the farmer first?, (ii) How did it help him next?
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64/HONEYCOMB, , 4. Why did the daimio reward the farmer but punish his, neighbour for the same act?, Working with Language, 1. Read the following conversation., RAVI, MRIDU, RAVI, MRIDU, RAVI, MRIDU, , :, :, :, :, :, :, , What are you doing?, I’m reading a book., Who wrote it?, Ruskin Bond., Where did you find it?, In the library., , Notice that ‘what’, ‘who’, ‘where’, are question words., Questions that require information begin with question words., Some other question words are ‘when’, ‘why’, ‘where’,, ‘which’ and ‘how’., Remember that, • What asks about actions, things, etc., •, , Who asks about people., , •, , Which asks about people or things., , •, , Where asks about place., , •, , When asks about time., , •, , Why asks about reason or purpose., , •, , How asks about means, manner or degree., , •, , Whose asks about possessions., , Read the following paragraph and frame questions on the, italicised phrases., Anil is in school. I am in school too. Anil is sitting in the, left row. He is reading a book. Anil’s friend is sitting in, the second row. He is sharpening his pencil. The teacher, is writing on the blackboard. Children are writing, in their copybooks. Some children are looking out of, the window.
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THE ASHES THAT MADE TREES BLOOM/65, , (i), (ii), (iii), (iv), (v), (vi), (vii), 2. Write appropriate question words in the blank spaces in, the following dialogue., :, did you get this book?, NEHA, SHEELA : Yesterday morning., :, is your sister crying?, NEHA, SHEELA : Because she has lost her doll., :, room is this, yours or hers?, NEHA, SHEELA : It’s ours., :, do you go to school?, NEHA, SHEELA : We walk to school. It is near by., 3. Fill in the blanks with the words given in the box., how, , what, , when, , where, , which, , (i) My friend lost his chemistry book. Now he doesn’t, know, to do and, to look for it., (ii) There are so many toys in the shops. Neena can’t, one to buy., decide, (iii) You don’t know the way to my school. Ask the, to get there., policeman, to start building, (iv) You should decide soon, your house., to ride a bicycle? I don’t, (v) Do you know, remember, and, I learnt it., to talk and, to, (vi) “You should know, keep your mouth shut,” the teacher advised Anil.
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66/HONEYCOMB, , 4. Add im- or in- to each of the following words and use, them in place of the italicised words in the sentences, given below., patient, , proper, , possible, , sensitive, , competent, , (i) The project appears very difficult at first sight but it, can be completed if we work very hard., (ii) He lacks competence. That’s why he can’t keep any, job for more than a year., (iii) “Don’t lose patience. Your letter will come one day,”, the postman told me., (iv) That’s not a proper remark to make under the, circumstances., (v) He appears to be without sensitivity. In fact, he is, very emotional., 5. Read the following sentences., It was a cold morning and stars still glowed in the sky., An old man was walking along the road., The words in italics are articles. ‘A’ and ‘an’ are indefinite, articles and ‘the’ is the definite article. ‘A’ is used before, a singular countable noun. ‘An’ is used before a word that, begins with a vowel., • a boy, • a mango, • a university, , • an actor, • an apple, • an hour, , Use a, an or the in the blanks., There was once, play which became very, successful., famous actor was acting in it. In, play his role was that of, aristocrat, who had been imprisoned in, castle for twenty, years. In, last act of, play someone, would come on, stage with, letter which, he would hand over to, prisoner. Even though, aristocrat was not expected to read, letter at each performance, he always insisted that, letter be written out from beginning to end.
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THE ASHES THAT MADE TREES BLOOM/67, , 6. Encircle the correct article., Nina was looking for ( a / the) job. After many interviews, she got (a / the ) job she was looking for., A : Would you like (a/an/the) apple or (a/an/the), banana?, B : I’d like (a/an/the) apple, please., A : Take (a/an/the) red one in (a/an/the) fruit bowl., You may take (a/an/the) orange also, if you like., B : Which one?, A : (A/An/The) one beside (a/an/the) banana., , Speaking and Writing, 1. Do you remember an anecdote or a story about a greedy, or jealous person and the unhappy result of his/her, action? Narrate the story to others in your class., Here is one for you to read., Seeing an old man planting a fig tree, the king asked, why he was doing this. The man replied that he might, live to eat the fruit, and, even if he did not, his son, would enjoy the figs., “Well,” said the king, “if you do live to eat the fruit of this, tree, please let me know.” The man promised to do so, and, sure enough, before too long, the tree grew and bore fruit., Packing some fine figs in a basket, the old man set, out for the palace to meet the king., The king accepted the gift and gave orders that the, old man’s basket be filled with gold., Now, next door to the old man, there lived a greedy, old man jealous of his neighbour’s good fortune. He also, packed some figs in a basket and took them to the palace, in the hope of getting gold., The king, on learning the man’s motive, ordered him, to stand in the compound and had him pelted with figs., The old man returned home and told his wife the sad, story. She consoled him by saying, “You should be, thankful that our neighbour did not grow coconuts.”
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68/HONEYCOMB, , 2. Put each of the following in the correct order. Then use, them appropriately to fill the blanks in the paragraph, that follows. Use correct punctuation marks., • English and Hindi/both/in/he writes, • and only/a few short stories/many books in English/, in Hindi, • is/my Hindi/than my English/much better, Ravi Kant is a writer, and, . Of course, he is much, happier writing in English than in Hindi. He has written, ., I find his books a little hard to understand., ., 3. Are you fond of reading stories? Did you read one last, month? If not, read one or two and then write a paragraph, about the story. Use the following hints., • title of the story, • name of author, • how many characters, • which one you liked, • some details of the story, • main point(s) as you understand it, Tell your friends why they should also read it., , Thought What?, I thought a thought., But the thought I thought wasn’t, the thought, I thought I thought.
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Chivvy, Ask yourself as well as your partner: Do you like, to be always told what to do or not to do?, Do grown-ups do this, in your experience?, When Michael was five years old, his mother took, him to a nearby school for admission. The teacher, asked, “What does your mother call you at home,, child?” “Michael Don’t,” came the confident reply., Note: To chivvy is to nag, “to continuously urge someone to, do something, often in an annoying way”, according to the, dictionary., , Read the poem now., , Grown-ups say things like:, Speak up, Don’t talk with your mouth full, Don’t stare, Don’t point, Don’t pick your nose, Sit up, Say please, Less noise, Shut the door behind you, Don’t drag your feet, Haven’t you got a hankie ?, Take your hands out of, your pockets
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70/HONEYCOMB, , Pull your socks up, Stand up straight, Say thank you, Don’t interrupt, No one thinks you’re funny, Take your elbows off the table, Can’t you make your own, mind up about anything ?, MICHAEL ROSEN, Working with the Poem, 1., , Discuss these questions in small groups before you, answer them., (i) When is a grown-up likely to say this?, Don’t talk with your mouth full., (ii) When are you likely to be told this?, Say thank you., (iii) When do you think an adult would say this?, No one thinks you are funny., , 2., , 3., , 4., , The last two lines of the poem are not prohibitions or, instructions. What is the adult now asking the child, to do? Do you think the poet is suggesting that this is, unreasonable? Why?, Why do you think grown-ups say the kind of things, mentioned in the poem? Is it important that they teach, children good manners, and how to behave in public?, If you had to make some rules for grown-ups to follow,, what would you say? Make at least five such rules., Arrange the lines as in a poem.
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5, Before you read, Can a shoemaker be called an artist? Yes, if he has the, same skill and pride in his trade as any other artist, and, the same respect for it too. Mr Gessler, a German, shoemaker settled in London, is a perfect artist. Read, this story to see how he devotes his life to his art., , Quality, , I, , knew him from the days of my, extreme youth, because he made my, father’s boots. He lived with his elder brother in, his shop, which was in a small by-street in a, fashionable part of London., The shop had a certain quiet distinction. There, was no sign upon it other than the name of Gessler, Brothers; and in the window a few pairs of boots., He made only what was ordered, and what he, made never failed to fit. To make boots —such, boots as he made —seemed to me then, and still, seems to me, mysterious and wonderful., I remember well my shy remarks, one day, while, stretching out to him my youthful foot. “Isn’t it, awfully hard to do, Mr Gessler?” And his answer,, given with a sudden smile from out of the redness, of his beard: “Id is an ardt!’’, It was not possible to go to him very often—, his boots lasted terribly, having something, , —————–, —————–, —————–, —————–, —————–, —————–, —————–, —————–, —————–, —————–, —————–, “It is an art.”, (said with a, German, accent), lasted, terribly:, lasted very, long
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72/HONEYCOMB, , guttural:, harsh and, grating, ________________, ________________, ________________, ________________, ________________, ________________, ________________, _______________, ________________, _______________, , beyond the temporary, some essence of boot, stitched into them., One went in, not as into most shops, but, restfully, as one enters a church, and sitting on, the single wooden chair, waited. A guttural sound,, and the tip-tap of his slippers beating the narrow, wooden stairs and he would stand before one, without coat, a little bent, in leather apron, with, sleeves turned back, blinking — as if awakened, from some dream of boots., And I would say, “How do you do, Mr Gessler?, Could you make me a pair of Russian-leather, boots?”, Without a word he would leave me retiring, whence he came, or into the other portion of the
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QUALITY/73, , shop, and I would continue to rest in the wooden, chair inhaling the incense of his trade. Soon he, would come back, holding in his hand a piece of, gold-brown leather. With eyes fixed on it he would, remark, “What a beaudiful biece!” When I too, had admired it, he would speak again. “When, do you wand dem?” And I would answer, “Oh!, As soon as you conveniently can.” And he would, say, “Tomorrow fordnighd?” Or if he were his, elder brother: “I will ask my brudder.”, Then I would murmur, ‘’Thank you! Good, morning, Mr Gessler.” “Good morning’” he would, reply, still looking at the leather in his hand. And, as I moved to the door, I would hear the tip-tap, of his slippers going up the stairs: to his, dream of boots., , incense: The, smell of, leather is, compared to, the smell of, incense in a, church., “What a, beautiful, piece!”, “When do, you want, them?”, “fortnight”, “brother”
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74/HONEYCOMB, , “It shouldn't, have creaked.”, “You got them, wet before, they found, themselves.”, “Send them, back. I will, look at them”, “Some boots, are bad from, birth. If I can, do nothing, with them, I, take them off, your bill.”, , —————–, —————–, —————–, —————–, —————–, —————–, “Those are not, my boots.”, , —————–, —————–, —————–, —————–, —————–, —————–, “It hurts you, there. Those, big firms, have no selfrespect.”, , I cannot forget that day on which I had, occasion to say to him, “Mr Gessler, that last pair, of boots creaked, you know.”, He looked at me for a time without replying,, as if expecting me to withdraw or qualify the, statement, then said,“ld shouldn’d ’ave greaked.’’, “It did, I’m afraid.”, “You god dem wed before dey found, demselves.”, “I don’t think so.”, “At that he lowered his eyes, as if hunting for, memory of those boots and I felt sorry I had, mentioned this grave thing. “Zend dem back,”, he said, “I will look at dem.”, “Zome boods,” he continued slowly, “are bad, from birdt. If I can do noding wid dem I take dem, off your bill.”, Once (once only) I went absent-mindedly into, his shop in a pair of boots bought in an emergency, at some large firm. He took my order without, showing me any leather and I could feel his eyes, penetrating the inferior covering of my foot. At last, he said, “Dose are nod my boods.”, The tone was not one of anger, nor of sorrow,, not even of contempt, but there was in it, something quiet that froze the blood. He put his, hand down and pressed a finger on the place, where the left boot was not quite comfortable., “Id ’urds’ you dere,” he said, “Dose big virms, ’ave no self-respect.” And then, as if something had, given way within him, he spoke long and bitterly., It was the only time I ever heard him discuss the, conditions and hardships of his trade.
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QUALITY/75, , “Dey get id all,” he said, “dey get id by, advertisement, nod by work. Dey take id away, from us, who lofe our boods. Id gomes to dis —, bresently I haf no work. Every year id gets less., You will see.” And looking at his lined face I saw, things I had never noticed before, bitter things, and bitter struggle and what a lot of grey hairs, there seemed suddenly in his red beard!, As best I could, I explained the circumstances, of those ill-omened boots. But his face and voice, made so deep an impression that during the next, few minutes I ordered many pairs. They lasted, longer than ever. And I was not able to go to him, for nearly two years., It was many months before my next visit to his, shop. This time it appeared to be his elder brother,, handling a piece of leather., “Well, Mr Gessler,” I said, “how are you?” He, came close, and peered at me. “I am breddy well,”, he said slowly “but my elder brudder, is dead.”, And I saw that it was indeed himself but how, aged and wan! And never before had I heard him, mention his brother. Much shocked, I murmured,, “Oh! I am sorry!”, “Yes,” he answered, “he was a good man, he, made a good bood. But he is dead.” And he, touched the top of his head, where the hair had, suddenly gone as thin as it had been on that of, his poor brother, to indicate, I suppose, the, cause of his death. “Do you wand any boods?”, And he held up the leather in his hand. “ld’s a, beaudiful biece.”, , “They get it all., They get it by, advertisement,, not by work., They take it, away from us,, who love our, boots. It comes, to this —, presently I, have no work., Every year it, gets less.”, , —————–, —————–, —————–, —————–, “I am pretty, well, but my, elder brother, is dead.”, , —————–, —————–, —————–, —————–, —————–, —————–, —————–, —————–, —————–, —————–, “Do you want, any boots?”, “It’s a beautiful, piece.”
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76/HONEYCOMB, , —————–, —————–, —————–, —————–, —————–, —————–, “I can make, them quickly;, it is a slack, time.”, given ... up:, thought they, would never, come, , —————–, —————–, —————–, —————–, —————–, —————–, —————–, —————–, —————–, —————–, —————–, —————–, —————–, —————–, —————–, —————–, —————–, , I ordered several pairs. It was very long before, they came— but they were better than ever. One, simply could not wear them out. And soon after, that I went abroad., It was over a year before I was again in London., And the first shop I went to was my old friend’s. I, had left a man of sixty; I came back to one of, seventy-five, pinched and worn, who genuinely,, this time, did not at first know me., “Do you wand any boods?” he said. “I can, make dem quickly; id is a zlack dime.”, I answered, “Please, please! I want boots all, around— every kind.”, I had given those boots up when one evening, they came. One by one I tried them on. In shape, and fit, in finish and quality of leather they were, the best he had ever made. I flew downstairs,, wrote a cheque and posted it at once with my, own hand., A week later, passing the little street, I thought, I would go in and tell him how splendidly the new, boots fitted. But when I came to where his shop, had been, his name was gone., I went in very much disturbed. In the shop,, there was a young man with an English face., “Mr Gessler in?” I said., “No, sir,” he said. “No, but we can attend to, anything with pleasure. We’ve taken the shop, over.”, “Yes. yes,” I said, “but Mr Gessler?”, “Oh!” he answered, “dead.”, “Dead! But I only received these boots from, him last Wednesday week.”
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QUALITY/77, , “Ah!” he said, “poor old man starved himself., Slow starvation, the doctor called it! You see he, went to work in such a way! Would keep the shop, on; wouldn’t have a soul touch his boots except, himself. When he got an order, it took him such a, time. People won’t wait. He lost everybody. And, there he’d sit, going on and on. I will say that for, him — not a man in London made a better boot., But look at the competition! He never advertised!, Would have the best leather too, and do it all, himself. Well, there it is. What could you expect, with his ideas?”, “But starvation!”, “That may be a bit flowery, as the saying is —, but I know myself he was sitting over his boots, day and night, to the very last you see, I used to, , —————–, —————–, —————–, —————–, —————–, —————–, —————–, —————–, —————–, —————–, —————–, —————–, —————–, —————–
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78/HONEYCOMB, , —————–, —————–, —————–, , watch him. Never gave himself time to eat; never, had a penny in the house. All went in rent and, leather. How he lived so long I don’t know. He, regularly let his fire go out. He was a character., But he made good boots.”, “Yes,” I said, “he made good boots.”, , —————–, , JOHN GALSWORTHY, , —————–, , [simplified and abridged], , Working with the Text, Answer the following questions., 1. What was the author’s opinion about Mr Gessler as a, bootmaker?, 2. Why did the author visit the shop so infrequently?, 3. What was the effect on Mr Gessler of the author’s remark, about a certain pair of boots?, 4. What was Mr Gessler’s complaint against “big firms”?, 5. Why did the author order so many pairs of boots? Did he, really need them?, , Working with Language, I., , Study the following phrases and their meanings. Use, them appropriately to complete the sentences that follow., look after: take care of, look down on: disapprove or regard as inferior, look in (on someone): make a short visit, look into: investigate, look out: be careful, look up: improve, look up to: admire
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QUALITY/79, , (i) After a very long spell of heat, the weather is, at last., (ii) We have no right to, do small jobs., , people who, , (iii) Nitin has always, is a self-made man., , his uncle, who, , (iv) The police are, , the matter thoroughly., , (v) If you want to go out, I will, children for you., , the, , (vi) I promise to, when I visit Lucknow next., , on your brother, , (vi), 2., , 3., , when you are crossing the main road., , Read the following sets of words loudly and clearly., cot, , —, , coat, , cost, , —, , coast, , tossed, , —, , toast, , got, , —, , goat, , rot, , —, , rote, , blot, , —, , bloat, , knot, , —, , note, , Each of the following words contains the sound ‘sh’, (as in shine) in the beginning or in the middle or at the, end. First speak out all the words clearly. Then arrange, the words in three groups in the table on page 80., sheep, , trash, , marsh, , fashion, , anxious, , shriek, , shore, , fish, , portion, , ashes, , sure, , nation, , shoe, , pushing, , polish, , moustache
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80/HONEYCOMB, , initial, , 4., , medial, , final, , In each of the following words ‘ch’ represents the same, consonant sound as in ‘chair’. The words on the left have, this sound initially. Those on the right have it finally., Speak each word clearly., choose, child, cheese, chair, charming, , bench, march, peach, wretch, research, , Underline the letters representing this sound in each of, the following words., (i) feature, (ii) archery, (iii) picture, , (iv) reaching, (v) nature, (vi) matches, , (vii) riches, (viii) batch, (ix) church, , Speaking, 1. Do you think Mr Gessler was a failure as a bootmaker or, as a competitive businessman?, 2. What is the significance of the title? To whom or to what, does it refer?
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QUALITY/81, , 3. • Notice the way Mr Gessler speaks English. His English, is influenced by his mother tongue. He speaks English, with an accent., • When Mr Gessler speaks, p,t,k, sound like b,d,g. Can, you say these words as Mr Gessler would say them?, It comes and never stops. Does it bother me? Not at, all. Ask my brother, please., 4. Speak to five adults in your neighbourhood. Ask them the, following questions (in any language they are comfortable, in). Then come back and share your findings with the, class., (i) Do they buy their provisions packed in plastic packets, at a big store, or loose, from a smaller store near, their house?, (ii) Where do they buy their footwear? Do they buy, branded footwear, or footwear made locally? What, reasons do they have for their preference?, (iii) Do they buy ready-made clothes, or buy cloth and, get their clothes stitched by a tailor? Which do they, think is better?, 5. Look at the picture., I’ve decided to go, abroad for higher, studies., , Ajit, , Have you? I don’t, think I’ll ever do, that. I love my, country., , Anisa, , Let pairs of students talk to each other about leaving the, country. One student repeats Ajit’s statement. The other
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82/HONEYCOMB, , gives a reason for not agreeing with Ajit. The sentence, openings given below should be used., • If I leave this country, I’ll miss..., • There are some things which you can get only here, for, example..., • There are some special days I’ll miss, particularly..., • Most of all I’ll miss...because..., • I think it’s impossible for me to leave my country, because..., • How can you leave your own country except when...?, • Depends on one’s intention. I can’t leave for good, because..., • Maybe for a couple of years..., , Writing, I., , Based on the following points write a story., • Your aunt has gone to her mother’s house., • Your uncle does his cooking., • He is absent-minded., • He puts vegetables on the, stove., • He begins to clean his, bicycle outside., • The neighbour calls out, saying something is burning., • Your uncle rushes to the, kitchen., • To save vegetables, he puts, some oil on them., • Unfortunately, it’s machine oil, not cooking oil., • What do you think happens to the vegetables?, Begin like this:, Last month my aunt decided to visit her parents...
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Trees, Take a few minutes to tell one another the names of, trees that you know or have heard of. Mention the, things trees give us. Then read this poem about trees., , Trees are for birds., Trees are for children., Trees are to make tree houses in., Trees are to swing swings on., Trees are for the wind to blow through., Trees are to hide behind in ‘Hide and Seek.’, Trees are to have tea parties under., Trees are for kites to get caught in., Trees are to make cool shade in summer., Trees are to make no shade in winter., Trees are for apples to grow on, and pears;, Trees are to chop down and call, “TIMBER-R-R!”, Trees make mothers say,, “What a lovely picture to paint!”, Trees make fathers say,, “What a lot of leaves to rake this fall !”, , SHIRLEY BAUER
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84/HONEYCOMB, , Working with the Poem, 1. What are the games or human activities which use trees,, or in which trees also ‘participate’?, 2. (i) “Trees are to make no shade in winter.” What does this, mean? (Contrast this line with the line immediately, before it.), (ii) “Trees are for apples to grow on, or pears.” Do you, agree that one purpose of a tree is to have fruit on it?, Or do you think this line is humorous?, 3. With the help of your partner, try to rewrite some lines in, the poem, or add new ones of your own as in the following, examples., Trees are for birds to build nests in., Trees are for people to sit under., Now try to compose a similar poem about water, or air., , What Are Mangrove Forests?, ‘Mangrove’ is the name commonly used for, varieties of shrubs or trees growing in the, muddy swamps of tropical coasts and, estuaries. Mangroves produce tangled roots, that grow above the ground. They produce new, trunks and thus rapidly form a dense growth., Mangrove timber is impervious to water and is, resistant to marine worms.
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6, Before you read, Nishad, a boy of seven (also called Seven because his, name means the seventh note on the musical scale) and, his ten-year-old sister Maya are very curious about one, Mr Nath. Then one day the children’s marble rolls into, Mr Nath’s room, and Nishad gets a chance to see him. Is, he a crook on the run? Why is his face badly scarred?, Why has he no friends?, Nishad’s mother, a doctor, knows Mr Nath as a patient,, who is very polite., , Expert Detectives, I, , A, , s we walked back towards the clinic, Seven said, “He doesn’t look anything, like a monster, Maya. But did you see how thin, he is? Maybe he’s very poor and can’t afford, to eat.”, “He can’t be poor if he’s a crook on the run,” I, told him. “He’s probably got millions of rupees, stashed away somewhere in that room.”, “Do you really think he’s a criminal, Maya? He, doesn’t look like one,” Nishad looked doubtful., “Of course he’s one, Seven,” I said, “and, he certainly isn’t starving. Mr Mehta told us, that Ramesh brings his meals up from the, restaurant downstairs.”, , —————–, —————–, —————–, —————–, —————–, stashed, away:, hidden away, , —————–, —————–, —————–, —————–, —————–
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EXPERT DETECTIVES/87, , “Perhaps the police had to set his house, on fire to force him out,” I suggested. Seven, looked unsure., On the Monday following Mamma’s birthday,, Seven went alone with her to the clinic at Girgaum, as I was spending the evening with a schoolfriend., When they returned, Nishad told me he’d been to, see Mr Nath and I felt most annoyed that I hadn’t, been there., Seven had been quite upset about Mr Nath’s, gaunt appearance and was sure that he was, starving. He told me that he had knocked loudly, on Mr Nath’s door that evening and said, “Open, the door quickly, Mr Nath.”, The man had opened it and asked him, “Lost, another marble?”, He had obviously recognised my brother., “No,” said Nishad. He had taken the man’s, hand in his own, and thrust a bar of chocolate, into it., “Did you get a chance to peek into the trunk,, Seven?” I asked., Nishad looked disappointed. “He didn’t even, ask me in,” he said. Then he smiled. “But I did, find out something, Maya. I went down to, the restaurant where Ramesh works and talked, to him.”, “Good for you, Mr Detective,” I said, patting, him on the back, “I hope you questioned him, properly.”, Seven looked pleased. “Ramesh told me that, he takes two meals for Mr Nath every morning, and evening, and two cups of tea, one in the, , following:, coming, after, ________________, ________________, ________________, ________________, , gaunt: sickly, ________________, ________________, ________________, ________________, ________________, ________________, ________________, ________________, ________________, , peek: look, quickly and, secretively, ________________, ________________, ________________, ________________, ________________, ________________, ________________, ________________, ________________, ________________
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88/HONEYCOMB, , tips well:, gives a, generous tip, (money in, thanks for, services), ________________, ________________, ________________, ________________, sort out:, arrange, systematically, crook:, criminal, (informal), ________________, ________________, ________________, ________________, ________________, ________________, ________________, ________________, ________________, ________________, ________________, ________________, ________________, ________________, ________________, ________________, , morning and one in the afternoon. Ramesh says, he’s not very particular about what he eats, it’s, always the same food — two chapattis, some dal, and a vegetable. Mr Nath pays cash and tips well., “Ramesh told me something very strange, Maya,”, Seven added. “Almost every Sunday, he carries two, lunches to Mr Nath’s room and the same man is, with him each time. He’s tall, fair, stout and wears, spectacles. Ramesh says his visitor talks a lot, unlike, Mr Nath who hardly speaks.”, “Well done, Nishad,” I told him. “Now that we’ve, made some progress with our inquiries, we’ll have, to sort out all the facts like expert detectives so, that we can trap the crook.”, “How you do go on, Maya,” Seven sighed. “How, can you possibly imagine he’s a crook? He looks, so ordinary!”, “Criminals can look quite ordinary, smarty,” I, retorted. “Did you see the picture of the Hyderabadi, housebreaker in the papers yesterday? He, looked like any man on the street.” Nishad, looked doubtful., The monsoons broke the next day. Dark clouds, accompanied by blinding flashes of lightning, and roaring rolls of thunder burst with all, their fury, flooding the streets with a heavy, downpour. School was to have reopened after the, summer holidays, but no traffic could move, through the flooded roads and there was an, unexpected holiday., I thought I’d spend the time usefully. I sat at, my desk in our bedroom with a sheet of paper, before me.
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EXPERT DETECTIVES/89, , Comprehension Check, , —————–, —————–, —————–, , 1. What did Nishad give Mr Nath? Why?, 2. What is “strange” about Mr Nath’s Sundays?, 3. Why did Nishad and Maya get a holiday?, , —————–, —————–, —————–, —————–, , II, I wrote in large block letters:, CATCHING A CROOK, Expert Detectives: Nishad and Maya Pandit, By Appointment to the Whole World, , Then I began writing. About half an hour later,, I turned towards Seven who was lying on his, tummy, chin cupped in his palms, reading, comics. “Want to hear what I’ve written?” I asked., , —————–, —————–, —————–, —————–, —————–, —————–, by appointment to:, officially, chosen (by, someone, important)
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90/HONEYCOMB, , —————–, —————–, —————–, —————–, —————–, —————–, alias: an, alternate, name, , —————–, —————–, —————–, —————–, —————–, —————–, —————–, —————–, —————–, —————–, —————–, —————–, —————–, —————–, —————–, —————–, —————–, —————–, —————–, —————–, —————–, , He looked up questioningly. “I’ve listed all the, facts we know about Mr Nath which might help, us to trap him,” I said. “Want to hear?”, Seven nodded., “Fact Number1,” I read, “his name is Mr Nath., We must discover his first name.”, “Do you think that’s his real name, Maya?”, Nishad asked., “Probably not,” I said. “Most crooks have an, alias.” I added a big question mark after Nath., “Fact Number 2,” I read on, “the tenants at, Shankar House say he’s mad, strange and, unfriendly., “Number 3, he doesn’t talk to anyone and is, mannerless.”, “But he did talk to us, Maya, and Mamma says, he’s very polite,” Nishad interrupted., “He only talked to us because he had to,” I, said, “and since he was under Mamma’s medical, treatment, he had to be polite., “Fact number 4, he doesn’t receive any letters.”, Seven nodded., “Number 5, he’s been living in Room 10 of, Shankar House for more than a year,” I continued., “Number 6, he doesn’t work and sits in his, room all day., “Number 7, the kids in Shankar House and, even some of the grown-ups are scared of him., “Number 8, he has no visitors except for a, spectacled, fair, fat man who visits him on, Sundays for lunch., “Number 9, food and tea are taken to his room, by Ramesh from the restaurant downstairs. He
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EXPERT DETECTIVES/91, , doesn’t care what he eats, pays his bill immediately, and tips well. That ends my list. Have I forgotten, anything, Seven?”, Nishad had obviously not been paying too, much attention to my list of facts. All he could, say was, “Poor man, Maya, he must be so lonely, if he doesn’t have any friends.”, “How can a crook have friends, idiot?” I, almost shouted., “At least he has one friend, the one who meets, him on Sundays,” said Nishad., A brilliant thought occurred to me just then., “That man must be Mr Nath’s accomplice in, crime,” I said. “Maybe he keeps all the loot and he, comes now and then to give part of it to his partner,, Mr Nath, for expenses. That’s it! I’m sure I’m right.”, “If you insist on calling him a criminal, I don’t, think I want to discuss anything with you, Maya,”, said Nishad angrily. “He can’t be such a bad man, if he gives Ramesh such generous tips.”, “Ramesh probably knows something about his, past, so Mr Nath must be bribing him to keep, quiet,” I said., Nishad glared at me with his arms tightly, crossed across his chest. I was beginning to get, fed up with him., “How can we make any progress with our, investigations if you take that attitude, Seven?”, I asked., “I’ll cooperate only if you give up this idea, about him being an escaped crook,” said Seven., “You really make me angry.”, I almost hit him. “I make you angry, you stupid, oaf,” I shouted. “You make me mad! What is the, , ________________, ________________, ________________, ________________, ________________, ________________, ________________, ________________, ________________, accomplice:, a helper in, crime, ________________, ________________, ________________, ________________, ________________, ________________, ________________, ________________, ________________, ________________, ________________, ________________, ________________________________________________, ________________________________, ________________, ________________, ________________________________, ________________, ________________
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92/HONEYCOMB, , —————–, —————–, —————–, —————–, —————–, —————–, —————–, —————–, —————–, —————–, —————–, —————–, , point of all these, enquiries if he’s not a, crook? If you think he’s, a nobody, what’s the, idea of bothering about, him, please tell me?”, Nishad, looked, thoughtful. “I’d like to, find out why he’s so thin, and why he’s so lonely. I want to, know why he doesn’t have any, friends and lives alone.”, “Try to understand, Seven,” 1 told, him, “if he’s lived in Shankar House, for a year and hasn’t made a single, friend, there’s something wrong., He’s obviously scared that someone, will recognise him and give him up to the cops.”, “Maybe no one’s tried to make friends with him,”, Nishad protested., “Why should anyone bother? You’ve seen what, a nasty bear he is,” 1 said., “1 don’t care,” said Nishad stubbornly, “1 like, him and I’m going to try and be his friend.”, “Friends with a crook! Ha! You’re crazy,, Seven,”1 said. “The cops will take you to jail with, him. Do you want that to happen, you idiot?”, Nishad merely glared at me and quietly walked, out of the room. My theories seemed to have made, no impression on him at all., , SHARADA DWIVEDI, [from The Broken Flute]
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EXPERT DETECTIVES/93, , Working with the Text, 1. What does Nishad find out about Mr Nath from Ramesh?, Arrange the information as suggested below., •, •, •, •, , What he eats, When he eats, What he drinks, and when, How he pays, , 2. Why does Maya think Mr Nath is a crook? Who does she, say the Sunday visitor is?, 3. Does Nishad agree with Maya about Mr Nath? How does, he feel about him?, , Working with Language, 1. The word ‘tip’ has only three letters but many meanings., Match the word with its meanings below., (i) finger tips, , – be about to say something, , (ii) the tip of your nose, , – make the boat overturn, , (iii) tip the water out of, the bucket, , – the ends of one’s fingers, , (iv) have something on, the tip of your tongue, , – give a rupee to him,, to thank him, , (v) tip the boat over, , – empty a bucket by tilting it, , (vi) tip him a rupee, , – the pointed end of your nose, , (vii) the tip of the bat, (viii) the police were, tipped off, (ix) if you take my tip, (x) the bat tipped the ball, , – if you take this advice, – the bat lightly touched, the ball, – the end of the bat, – the police were told, or, warned
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94/HONEYCOMB, , 2. The words helper, companion, partner and accomplice have, very similar meanings, but each word is typically used in, certain phrases. Can you fill in the blanks below with the, most commonly used words? A dictionary may help you., (i) business, (ii) my, , on the journey, , (iii) I’m mother’s little, , ., , (iv) a faithful, , such as a dog, , (v) the thief’s, (vi) find a good, (vii) tennis/ golf / bridge, (viii) his, , in his criminal activities, , 3. Now let us look at the uses of the word break. Match the, word with its meanings below. Try to find at least three, other ways in which to use the word., (i) The storm broke, (ii) daybreak, , – could not speak; was too, sad to speak, – this kind of weather ended, , (iii) His voice is beginning, to break, , – it began or burst, into activity, , (iv) Her voice broke and, she cried, , – the beginning of daylight, , (v) The heat wave broke, (vi) broke the bad news, (vii) break a strike, (viii) (Find your own expression., , – changing as he grows up, – end it by making the, workers submit, – gently told someone the bad, news, Give its meaning here.)
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EXPERT DETECTIVES/95, , Speaking, 1. Play detectives with each other. Find a person in your, class (or some other acquaintance) to speak to. Find out, the answers to the questions given below. Be careful to, ask your questions in a polite and inoffensive way. Do not, force the person to answer you. Then allow the person to, ask you the same questions., (i) Name?, (ii) What newspapers or magazines does the person read?, (iii) How long has the person lived at the current address?, (iv) What does she/he do during the day, i.e. the daily routine?, (v) What do neighbours and friends say about the person?, (vi) Who are his/her visitors and what are his/her eating, habits? (You can ask a few others about this.), (vii) What do you think about the person?, , Writing, 1. Who do you think Mr Nath is? Write a paragraph or two, about him., 2. What else do you think Nishad and Maya will find out, about him? How? Will they ever be friends? Think about, these questions and write a paragraph or two to continue, the story., 3. Conducting a Survey, Have you ever, conducted a survey?, Say Yes, No, or I, don’t know, , Yes, No, or I, don’t know.
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96/HONEYCOMB, , Step I : Study the following questionnaire and discuss the, points in small groups., Yes, , No, , A home is a place where, , Don’t, know, , • you feel secure and happy., • you can be alone., • you can keep all your things., • you can bring up a family., • you can invite friends/relatives., • you can make a noise if you want to., • you can do whatever you like., • you are at peace., • you can look after your parents., • you receive and give love., , Step II : Collect information. Contact people in the school/, your locality and put these questions to them., Tick-mark ( ) their answers in the relevant column., Step III : Analyse the results in the group by asking, • How many people think that a home is a place, where you feel secure and happy?, • How many people think that a home isn’t a place, where you feel secure and happy?, • How many people don’t know about it?, Step IV : Present a brief oral report on the result of your, survey. Use phrases such as the following, •, •, •, •, , Most people think that..., Few people think that..., Hardly anyone thinks that..., No one thinks that...
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Mystery of the, Talking Fan, Is there a ceiling fan in the room where you are, sitting now? Is the fan quiet or noisy? If it is noisy,, you may be sure it is a distant relative of the, ‘talking fan’ in the poem which you are going, to read., , Once there was a talking fan —, Electrical his chatter., I couldn’t quite hear what he said, And I hope it doesn’t matter, Because one day somebody oiled, His little whirling motor, And all the mystery was spoiled —, He ran as still as water., , MAUDE RUBIN, , Working with the Poem, 1. Fans don’t talk, but it is possible to imagine that they do., What is it, then, that sounds like the fan’s chatter?
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98/HONEYCOMB, , 2. Complete the following sentences., (i) The chatter is electrical because, , (ii) It is mysterious because, , 3. What do you think the talking fan was demanding?, 4. How does an electric fan manage to throw so much air, when it is switched on?, 5. Is there a ‘talking fan’ in your house? Create a dialogue, between the fan and a mechanic., , Sell Waid, My Friend !, When you want to say ‘a well-oiled bicycle,’, and actually say ‘a well-boiled icicle’, you have, spoken a spoonerism—changing round,, accidentally, the initial sounds of two or more, words when speaking., Rahul’s teacher was angry. Rahul had, failed twice in term examinations. The teacher, thundered, “You have tasted two worms, already.” What was the teacher trying to say?
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7, Before you read, Who are the oldest people you know? What are the oldest, things you have (i) in your house, (ii) in your city, town or, village? How old are they?, Have you ever wished that you were older? Have, you wished that you could grow up in a hurry?, , The Invention of, Vita-Wonk, Mr Willy Wonka begins by inventing WonkaVite, which makes people younger. But WonkaVite is too strong. So some people disappear,, because their age becomes Minus! One person, actually becomes minus eighty-seven, which, means he’s got to wait eighty-seven years, before he can come back., Mr Willy Wonka must invent a new thing..., , I, , M, , —————–, —————–, —————–, —————–, —————–, —————–, , r Wonka said, “So once again I rolled —————–, up my sleeves and set to work. Once set to work:, to, again I squeezed my brain, searching for the new began, work, recipe... I had to create age... to make people old... recipe:, old, older, oldest... ‘Ha-ha!’ I cried, for now the instructions, making, ideas were beginning to come. ‘What is the oldest for, something, living thing in the world? What lives longer than —————–, anything else?’ ”, —————–
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100/HONEYCOMB, , fir: a tree, with needlelike leaves,, and cones, , oak: a family, of large trees, with a hard, wood. The, Chinar in, Kashmir is a, kind of oak tree., cedar: an, evergreen tree, with hard, red, sweet-smelling, wood, used, for making, boxes, pencils,, fences, etc., , “A tree,” Charlie said., “Right you are, Charlie! But what kind of a, tree? Not the Douglas fir. Not the oak. Not the, cedar. No, no, my boy. It is a tree called the, Bristlecone pine that grows upon the slopes of, Wheeler Peak in Nevada, U.S.A. You can find, Bristlecone Pines on Wheeler Peak today that, are over 4000 years old! This is fact, Charlie. Ask, any dendrochronologist you like (and look that, word up in the dictionary when you get home,, will you please?). So that started me off. I, jumped into the Great Glass Elevator and, rushed all over the world collecting special items, from the oldest living things..., A PINT OF SAP FROM A 4000-YEAR-OLD, BRISTLECONE PINE, THE TOE-NAIL CLIPPINGS FROM A 168-YEAR-OLD, RUSSIAN FARMER CALLED PETROVITCH, GREGOROVITCH, AN EGG LAID BY A 200-YEAR-OLD TORTOISE, BELONGING TO THE KING OF TONGA, THE TAIL OF A 51-YEAR-OLD HORSE IN ARABIA, THE WHISKERS OF A 36-YEAR-OLD CAT CALLED, CRUMPETS, , pine: an, evergreen, tree with, needleshaped, leaves, and, cones, flea: a small, insect living, on the skin, of animals,, for their blood, , AN OLD FLEA WHICH HAD LIVED ON CRUMPETS, FOR 36 YEARS, THE TAIL OF A 207-YEAR-OLD GIANT RAT FROM, TIBET, THE BLACK TEETH OF A 97-YEAR-OLD, GRIMALKIN LIVING IN A CAVE ON MOUNT, POPOCATEPETL, THE KNUCKLEBONES OF A 700-YEAR-OLD, CATTALOO FROM PERU...”
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THE INVENTION, , OF, , Comprehension Check, , VITA-WONK/101, , ________________, ________________, , 1. Choose the right answer., (i) Mr Willy Wonka is (a) a cook, (b) an inventor, (c) a, manager., (ii) Wonka-Vite makes people (a) older, (b) younger., (iii) Mr Wonka wants to invent a new thing which, will make people (a) younger, (b) older., 2. Can anyone’s age be a minus number? What does, “minus 87” mean?, 3. Mr Wonka begins by asking himself two questions., What are they?, ?, (i) What is, ?, (ii) What lives, , ________________, ________________, ________________, ________________, ________________, ________________, ________________, ________________, ________________, ________________, ________________, ________________, ________________, , II, “All over the world, Charlie,” Mr Wonka went on, “I tracked down very old and ancient animals and, took an important little bit of something from each, one of them — a hair or an eyebrow or sometimes, it was no more than an ounce or two of the jam, scraped from between its toes while it was, sleeping. I tracked down THE WHISTLE-PIG, THE, BOBOLINK, THE SKROCK, THE POLLYFROG, THE, GIANT CURLICUE, THE STINGING SLUG AND THE, VENOMOUS SQUERKLE who can spit poison right, , into your eye from fifty yards away. But there’s, no time to tell you about them all now, Charlie., Let me just say quickly that in the end, after lots, of boiling and bubbling and mixing and testing in, , ________________, ________________, tracked, down: found,, by searching, for it, ________________, ________________, ________________, ________________, ________________, ________________, ________________, ________________, ________________, ________________
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102/HONEYCOMB, , ________________, ________________, ________________, ________________, ________________, ________________, ________________, ________________, ________________, ________________, , my Inventing Room, I produced one tiny cupful of, oily black liquid and gave four drops of it to a, brave twenty-year-old Oompa-Loompa volunteer, to see what happened.”, “What did happen?” Charlie asked., “It was fantastic!” cried Mr Wonka. “The, moment he swallowed it, he began wrinkling and, shrivelling up all over and his hair started, dropping off and his teeth started falling out and,, before I knew it, he had suddenly become an old, fellow of seventy-five! And thus, my dear Charlie,, was Vita-Wonk invented!”, , ________________, ________________, ________________, , ROALD DAHL, [from Charlie and the Great, Glass Elevator], , Working with the Text, 1., , (i) What trees does Mr Wonka mention? Which tree does, he say lives the longest?, (ii) How long does this tree live? Where can you find it?, , 2. How many of the oldest living things can you remember, from Mr Wonka’s list? (Don’t look back at the story!) Do, you think all these things really exist, or are some of, them purely imaginary?, 3. Why does Mr Wonka collect items trom the oldest things?, Do you think this is the right way to begin his invention?, 4. What happens to the volunteer who swallows four, drops of the new invention? What is the name of the, invention?
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THE INVENTION, , OF, , VITA-WONK/103, , Working with Language, 1. What do you call these insects in your language?, , cockroach, , mosquito, , housefly, , dragon fly, , grasshopper, , ant, , Add to this list the names of some insects common in, your area., 2. Fill in the blanks in the recipe given below with words, from the box., shred, , cooker, , times, , tomatoes, , half, , onion, , oil, , Easy Palak–Dal, INGREDIENTS, • One, • One cup dal, • Two thin green chillies, •, , a teaspoon red chilli powder, , • Eight small bunches of palak, • Two, • Salt to taste, the palak. Put, , Wash and cut the vegetables;, everything in a pressure, three, in, , . Let the cooker whistle, , , then switch it off. Fry a few cumin seeds, and add to the palak–dal.
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104/HONEYCOMB, , 3. A ‘family tree’ is a diagram that shows the relationship, between the different members of a family. Fill in the, family tree below with names, ages, and other details you, think are relevant (you may even stick photographs, if, you have them). Put your family trees up in the class., , MY FAMILY, , -
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THE INVENTION, , OF, , VITA-WONK/105, , Speaking, Using Do for Emphasis, Charlie asks, “What did happen?”, This is a way of asking the question “What happened?” with, emphasis., Given below are a few emphatic utterances. Say them to, your partner. Let your partner repeat your utterance without, the emphasis. Your partner may also add something to show, she/he disagrees with you., YOU, : I did study., PARTNER : You studied? I don’t believe you., Look at your marks!, YOU, , :, , PARTNER :, YOU, , :, , I did go there., You went there? Then..., I do play games., , PARTNER :, , ..., , YOU, , He does read his books., , :, , PARTNER :, YOU, , :, , PARTNER :, YOU, , :, , ..., You do say the most unbelievable things!, ..., The earth does spin around., , PARTNER :, , ..., , YOU, , We all do want you to come with us., , :, , PARTNER :, YOU, , :, , PARTNER :, YOU, , :, , PARTNER :, , ..., Who does know how to cook?, ..., 1 do believe that man is a thief., ...
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106/HONEYCOMB, , Writing, 1., , (i) Make a list of the trees Mr Wonka mentions. Where, do these trees grow? Try to find out from an, encyclopaedia. Write a short paragraph about two or, three of these trees., (ii) Name some large trees commonly found in your area., Find out something about them (How old are they?, Who planted them? Do birds eat their fruit?), and, write two or three sentences about each one of them., 2. Find out something interesting about age, or growing old,, and write a paragraph about it. Following are a few topics,, suggested as examples., • The age profile of a country’s population — does it have, more young people than old people, or vice versa? What, are the consequences of this?, • How can we tell how old a tree, a horse, or a rock is?, • What is the ‘life expectancy’ of various living things,, and various populations (how long can they reasonably, expect to live)?, , Delivery Delayed, When the postman arrived at the Roy, household to deliver the mail, he was surprised, to find a new vicious dog. The dog was fastened, to a tree by a leash just long enough to reach, the front door. The dog growled and bared its, teeth. But the postman managed to outwit the, dog and reach the front door safely. How?, Answer on page 125
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Dad and the Cat, and the Tree, Have you ever seen a cat climbing a tree? Sometimes, a cat may climb too high and get stuck in the tree., The poor thing can’t come down without help. How, would you help it? Surely, not like Dad in the poem., Is Dad a good climber? What were his plans? Read, the poem to find out., , This morning a cat got, Stuck in our tree., Dad said, “Right, just, Leave it to me.”, The tree was wobbly,, The tree was tall., Mum said, “For goodness’, Sake don’t fall!”, “Fall?” scoffed Dad,, “A climber like me?, Child’s play, this is!, You wait and see.”, He got out the ladder, From the garden shed., It slipped. He landed, In the flower bed.
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108/HONEYCOMB, , “Never mind,” said Dad,, Brushing the dirt, Off his hair and his face, And his trousers and his shirt,, “We’ll try Plan B. Stand, Out of the way!”, Mum said, “Don’t fall, Again, O.K.?”, “Fall again?” said Dad., “Funny joke!”, Then he swung himself up, On a branch. It broke., Dad landed wallop, Back on the deck., Mum said, “Stop it,, You’ll break your neck!”, “Rubbish!” said Dad., “Now we’ll try Plan C., Easy as winking, To a climber like me!”
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DAD, , AND THE, , CAT, , Then he climbed up high, On the garden wall., Guess what?, He didn’t fall!, He gave a great leap, And he landed flat, In the crook of the tree-trunk —, Right on the cat!, The cat gave a yell, And sprang to the ground,, Pleased as Punch to be, Safe and sound., So it’s smiling and smirking,, Smug as can be,, But poor old Dad’s, Still, Stuck, Up, The, Tree!, , KIT WRIGHT, , AND THE, , TREE/109
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110/HONEYCOMB, , GLOSSARY, wobbly: unsteady, for goodness’ sake: an exclamation expressing protest, scoffed: laughed mockingly, child’s play: very easy to do, landed wallop: fell heavily, pleased as Punch: very pleased, safe and sound: unhurt, , Working with the Poem, 1. Why was Dad sure he wouldn’t fall?, 2. Which phrase in the poem expresses Dad’s self-confidence, best?, 3. Describe Plan A and its consequences., 4. Plan C was a success. What went wrong then?, 5. The cat was very happy to be on the ground. Pick out the, phrase used to express this idea., 6. Describe the Cat and Dad situation in the beginning and, at the end of the poem., 7. Why and when did Dad say each of the following?, (i) Fall?, (ii) Never mind, (iii) Funny joke, (iv) Rubbish, 8. Do you find the poem humorous? Read aloud lines which, make you laugh.
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NOTES, TTE, E, , R THE, E, FOR, , E C E, TEACHER, , UNITS 8 –10, Fire: Friend and Foe, Natural phenomenon — fire is both friend and enemy. An, informative piece about a potential hazard that can easily, be prevented., The point that the simple present tense signifies habitual, or repeated actions rather than the present time needs, reiteration and further practice. Build on Activity I under, ‘Working with Language’ and design two or three, additional tasks. It will be interesting to show simple, present in contrast with present continuous., • I walk to school every morning. Today I am taking a bus., • We have our morning assembly before the first hour, but, today we are attending a special programme instead on, health and hygiene., The writing activity, as after ‘The Ashes that Made Trees, Bloom’, is for further practice in language analysis., Read aloud the news item in the box at the end of the lesson., Ask children to find other news items/headlines on a, specified theme. Display some on the class bulletin board., , Meadow Surprises, Let children find pictures of a butterfly and other insects/, birds, a buttercup and other flowers that they know, a, rabbit and/or a running brook and arrange the pictures, in a patchwork design of their choice., Activity 4 can be taken up as a mini project. Involve groups, of children in doing it. The paragraph(s) or poem(s) written, at the end of the week may be put up on the class, bulletin board.
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112/HONEYCOMB, , Encourage children to share with their peers any, interesting ‘surprise’ that they may have come across., , A Bicycle in Good Repair, Humour — exaggerated details of a commonplace, event (pleasure ride on a bicycle) that never takes, off, though numerous unexpected things happen, in the process., Short notes on modal auxiliaries are given preceding the, three exercises under ‘Working with Language’. These, may be suitably expanded, if necessary. However, the, skill to use modals appropriately in contexts should, receive primary focus in preference over out-of-context, explanations., Activity 4 on ‘en’ as prefix, suffix or as part of the word, should be completed in more than one session. One, period may be devoted to each part including, intermittent queries and explanations and the writing, work involved., , Garden Snake, Recite the poem with correct pauses., Draw children’s attention to the following., 1. That snake in the grass reported me to the, Headmistress., Does ‘snake’ refer to a snake in the meadow/grass, or to a treacherous person who pretends to be a, friend? ‘A snake in the grass’ is an idiom., 2. ‘Snake’ can be used as a verb., • The road snakes its way through the mountains., (follows a twisting, winding course), • The river snaked away into the distance. (moving, like a snake, disappeared), 3. ‘snaky’ (like a snake), • the snaky movements of the young dancers, • narrow snaky paths through the hill
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NOTES, , FOR THE, , The Story of Cricket, Games and sport — the story of cricket told in a historical, perspective, the continuity of the game down the ages, and its emergence as the most popular modern sport and, entertainment., Though the text is rather long and challenging, the content, is exciting enough to work well in class. Most children, know something about the game including names of, players/teams, and will show enthusiasm for the story, of cricket. Photographs given will enhance their interest, in the lesson., No time need be expended on memorisation/recall of, dates/years, names of places and clubs, measurements,, etc. Additional sectioning of parts and designing of whilereading comprehension checks, as suggested elsewhere,, will be of special use here., ‘Wordsearch’ clues to be explained at length before the, activity is attempted. Another ‘Wordsearch’ for gamesrelated words and phrases can easily be prepared in class., , TEACHER/113
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NOTES, TTE, E, , R THE, E, FOR, , E C E, TEACHER, , UNITS 8 –10, Fire: Friend and Foe, Natural phenomenon — fire is both friend and enemy. An, informative piece about a potential hazard that can easily, be prevented., The point that the simple present tense signifies habitual, or repeated actions rather than the present time needs, reiteration and further practice. Build on Activity I under, ‘Working with Language’ and design two or three, additional tasks. It will be interesting to show simple, present in contrast with present continuous., • I walk to school every morning. Today I am taking a bus., • We have our morning assembly before the first hour, but, today we are attending a special programme instead on, health and hygiene., The writing activity, as after ‘The Ashes that Made Trees, Bloom’, is for further practice in language analysis., Read aloud the news item in the box at the end of the lesson., Ask children to find other news items/headlines on a, specified theme. Display some on the class bulletin board., , Meadow Surprises, Let children find pictures of a butterfly and other insects/, birds, a buttercup and other flowers that they know, a, rabbit and/or a running brook and arrange the pictures, in a patchwork design of their choice., Activity 4 can be taken up as a mini project. Involve groups, of children in doing it. The paragraph(s) or poem(s) written, at the end of the week may be put up on the class, bulletin board.
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112/HONEYCOMB, , Encourage children to share with their peers any, interesting ‘surprise’ that they may have come across., , A Bicycle in Good Repair, Humour — exaggerated details of a commonplace, event (pleasure ride on a bicycle) that never takes, off, though numerous unexpected things happen, in the process., Short notes on modal auxiliaries are given preceding the, three exercises under ‘Working with Language’. These, may be suitably expanded, if necessary. However, the, skill to use modals appropriately in contexts should, receive primary focus in preference over out-of-context, explanations., Activity 4 on ‘en’ as prefix, suffix or as part of the word, should be completed in more than one session. One, period may be devoted to each part including, intermittent queries and explanations and the writing, work involved., , Garden Snake, Recite the poem with correct pauses., Draw children’s attention to the following., 1. That snake in the grass reported me to the, Headmistress., Does ‘snake’ refer to a snake in the meadow/grass, or to a treacherous person who pretends to be a, friend? ‘A snake in the grass’ is an idiom., 2. ‘Snake’ can be used as a verb., • The road snakes its way through the mountains., (follows a twisting, winding course), • The river snaked away into the distance. (moving, like a snake, disappeared), 3. ‘snaky’ (like a snake), • the snaky movements of the young dancers, • narrow snaky paths through the hill
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NOTES, , FOR THE, , The Story of Cricket, Games and sport — the story of cricket told in a historical, perspective, the continuity of the game down the ages, and its emergence as the most popular modern sport and, entertainment., Though the text is rather long and challenging, the content, is exciting enough to work well in class. Most children, know something about the game including names of, players/teams, and will show enthusiasm for the story, of cricket. Photographs given will enhance their interest, in the lesson., No time need be expended on memorisation/recall of, dates/years, names of places and clubs, measurements,, etc. Additional sectioning of parts and designing of whilereading comprehension checks, as suggested elsewhere,, will be of special use here., ‘Wordsearch’ clues to be explained at length before the, activity is attempted. Another ‘Wordsearch’ for gamesrelated words and phrases can easily be prepared in class., , TEACHER/113
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8, Before you read, Fire is both useful and dangerous. What is fire?, How did we discover it? How do we control it?, , Fire: Friend and Foe, , E, , ________________, ________________, ________________, ________________, ________________, smouldering:, burning slowly, without flame, ________________, ________________, ________________, , arly man didn’t know what fire was,, but he must have seen the damage it, could cause. He must have watched lightning and, volcanoes long before he began to use fire himself., Fire was powerful and dangerous, and he, was frightened., Fire may have puzzled early man but we now, know that fire is the result of a chemical reaction., When the oxygen in the air combines with carbon, and hydrogen in a fuel, a chemical reaction takes, place. Energy in the form of heat and light is, released in this process. This is what we call fire., Three things are needed to make fire — fuel,, oxygen and heat. Wood, coal, cooking gas and, petrol are some examples of fuel. Oxygen comes, from the air. That is why, when you blow on, smouldering paper, it often bursts into flame. The, third thing needed to make fire is heat. Fuel and, oxygen do not make fire by themselves, or else a, newspaper or a stick lying in the open would catch, fire on its own. To burn a piece of paper or wood,
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FIRE: FRIEND, , we heat it before it catches fire. We generally do it, with a lighted match. Every fuel has a particular, temperature at which it begins to burn. This, temperature is called the ‘flash point’ or ‘kindling, temperature’ of the fuel., It is sometimes said that fire is a good servant, but a bad master. It only means that fire is very, useful as long as it is kept under control., For instance, we use it to cook our food, warm, our homes in winter and to generate electricity., But, on the other hand, if fire gets out of control it, can be very dangerous. Each year thousands of, homes and shops are damaged by fire. Vast areas, of forest are also destroyed and hundreds of, people are killed or injured., Just as three things are needed to start a, fire, there are three main ways in which a fire, can be put out. In each, one of the three things, needed for burning is taken away., , AND, , FOE/115, , ________________, ________________, ________________, ________________, ________________, ________________, generate:, produce, ________________, ________________, ________________, ________________, ________________, ________________, ________________, _______________
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116/HONEYCOMB, , add fuel to, the flames, (idiom): say, or do, something, that makes, people react, more strongly, and fiercely, smothered:, suffocated, (from lack, of air), extinguish:, put out, ________________, ________________, ________________, ________________, ________________, ________________, _______________, ________________, ________________, ________________, ________________, ________________, ________________, ________________, ________________, ________________, ________________, ________________, , For example, we can take away the fuel. If the, fire has no fuel to feed on, no burning can take, place. We often let a fire die out simply by not adding, more fuel to it., The second way of putting out a fire is to, prevent oxygen from reaching it. No supply of, oxygen means no fire. Small fires can be put out, or ‘smothered’ with a damp blanket or a sack., This stops oxygen reaching the burning material., Sometimes, carbon dioxide is used to extinguish, fire. It does not allow oxygen to reach the, burning material., The third way of putting out a fire is to remove, the heat. If the temperature can be brought down, below the flash point, the fuel stops burning. You, blow on a burning matchstick or a candle to put it, out. In doing so, you remove the hot air around, the flame bringing down its temperature below the, flash point, and the candle goes out. Sometimes,, water is sprayed on a fire. It absorbs heat from the, burning fuel and lowers the temperature. The, blanket of water also cuts off the supply of oxygen,, and the fire is extinguished., Some fires cannot be put out with water. If water, is sprayed onto an oil fire, the oil will float to the, top of the water and continue to burn. This can be, very dangerous because water can flow quickly,, carrying the burning oil with it and spreading the, fire. Water should also not be used on fires caused, by electrical appliances. The person spraying water, might receive an electric shock and be killed. A, carbon dioxide extinguisher is the best thing to, fight an electrical fire.
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FIRE: FRIEND, , We spend millions of rupees each year in, fighting fires. And we spend more trying to find, new ways of preventing fires from happening, and getting out of control. On the whole, we have, learnt rather well to control fire and put it to good, use in our everyday life., Long ago, there were no firemen. When fire, broke out, everybody became a firefighter., People formed human chains (they still do if, required) and passed buckets of water from a, well or a pond to the blaze. Now there are laws, about building construction which ensure that, space is left between buildings to reduce, the fire risk. Every new building, especially a, public place, must ensure observance of fire, prevention norms. Bands of firefighting workers, with special equipment, known as fire, brigades, are there to put out fires. Firefighters, are highly trained people. They possess many, skills. They cut off electricity supply, knock, down dangerous walls, spray water and other, materials to bring fire under control., They are also trained in first aid so that, , AND, , FOE/117, , ________________, ________________, ________________, ________________, ________________, ________________, ________________, ________________, ________________, ________________, ________________, ________________, ________________, bands: groups, equipment:, things needed, ________________, ________________
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118/HONEYCOMB, , cope: deal, with; manage, ________________, ________________, ________________, , they can help people suffering from burns or, from the effects of smoke., The discovery of fire and its uses helped early, man to cope with nature better and gradually, adopt a settled mode of life. Fire is still worshipped, in many parts of the world. Fire is indeed a friend, but, as we know, it can be a dangerous enemy, once it gets out of control., , Comprehension Check, 1. Mark the correct answer in each of the following., (i) Early man was frightened of, (a) lightning and volcanoes., (b) the damage caused by them., (c) fire., (ii) (a) Fire is energy., (b) Fire is heat and light., (c) Fire is the result of a chemical reaction., 2. From the boxes given below choose the one with the correct, order of the following sentences., (i) That is fire., (ii) A chemical reaction takes place., (iii) Energy in the form of heat and light is released., (iv) Oxygen combines with carbon and hydrogen., (i) (ii) (iii) (iv), , (ii) (iii) (i) (iv), , (iv) (iii) (ii) (i), , (iv) (ii) (iii) (i)
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FIRE: FRIEND, , AND, , FOE/119, , Working with the Text, Answer the following questions., 1. What do you understand by the ‘flash point’ of a fuel?, 2., , (i) What are some common uses of fire?, (ii) In what sense is it a “bad master”?, , 3. Match items in Column A with those in Column B., A, B, (i) f u e l, (ii) oxygen, (iii) heat, , –, –, –, –, –, –, –, , lighted matchstick, air, coal, burning coal, wood, smouldering paper, cooking gas, , 4. What are the three main ways in which a fire can be, controlled or put out?, 5. Match the items in Box A with those in Box B, A, (i), (ii), (iii), (iv), (v), , To burn paper or a piece of wood,, Small fires can be put out, When water is spread on fire,, A carbon dioxide extinguisher is the best thing, Space left between buildings, B, , •, •, •, •, •, •, , it absorbs heat from the burning material and, lowers the temperature., reduces the risk of fire., with a damp blanket., we heat it before it catches fire., to put out an electrical fire.
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120/HONEYCOMB, , 6. Why does a burning candle go out when you blow on it?, 7. Spraying water is not a good way of putting out an oil fire, or an electrical fire. Why not?, 8. What are some of the things you should do to prevent a, fire at home and in the school?, , Working with Language, 1. Read the following sentences., To burn paper or a piece of wood, we heat it before it, catches fire. We generally do it with a lighted match., Every fuel has a particular temperature at which it, burns., The verbs in italics are in the simple present tense. When, we use it, we are not thinking only about the present. We, use it to say that something happens all the time or, repeatedly, or that something is true in general., Find ten examples of verbs in the simple present tense in, the text ‘Fire: Friend and Foe’ and write them down here., Do not include any passive verbs., , 2. Fill in the blanks in the sentences below with words from, the box. You may use a word more than once., carbon, , cause, , fire, , (i) Gandhiji’s life was devoted to the, justice and fair play., (ii) Have you insured your house against, (iii) Diamond is nothing but, , smother, of, ?, in its pure form., , (iv) If you put too much coal on the fire at once you will, it.
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FIRE: FRIEND, , (v) Smoking is said to be the main, heart disease., , AND, , FOE/121, , of, , (vi) When asked by an ambitious writer whether he should, into his stories, Somerset, put some, Maugham murmured, “No, the other way round”., (vii) She is a, , copy of her mother., , (viii) It is often difficult to, a yawn when, you listen to a long speech on the value of time., 3. One word is italicised in each sentence. Find its opposite, in the box and fill in the blanks., spending, , shut, , destroy, , subtract, , increase, , (i) You were required to keep all the doors open, not, (ii) PUPIL: What mark did I get in yesterday’s Maths test?, TEACHER: You got what you get when you add five and, five and, ten from the total., (iii) Run four kilometres a day to preserve your health., Run a lot more to, it., (iv) If a doctor advises a lean and lanky patient to, reduce his weight further, be sure he is doing it to, his income., (v) The world is too much with us; late and soon,, Getting and, we lay waste our powers., – WORDSWORTH, 4. Use the words given in the box to fill in the blanks in the, sentences below., across, , along, , (i) The cat chased the mouse, , past, , through, the lawn., , (ii) We were not allowed to cross the frontier. So we, it as far as we could and came, drove, back happy.
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122/HONEYCOMB, , (iii) The horse went, the winning post and, had to be stopped with difficulty., (iv) It is not difficult to see, Anyone can see your motive., , your plan., , (v) Go, the yellow line, then turn left. You, will reach the post office in five minutes., , Speaking and Writing, 1. Look at the following three units. First re-order the items, in each unit to make a meaningful sentence. Next,, re-order the sentences to make a meaningful paragraph., Use correct punctuation marks in the paragraph., (i) and eighteen fire tenders struggled/the fire began on, Monday/to douse the blaze till morning, (ii) in a major fire/over 25 shops/were gutted, (iii) but property/was destroyed/worth several lakhs/no, casualties were reported., 2. Read the following newspaper report given in the box below., , Fire Station Goes Up in Flames, A fire chief was embarrassed when a station without a, smoke alarm went up in flames. The building and a fire, engine were destroyed in the blaze. Nobody was injured, in the fire that was tackled by 30 firefighters in six fire, engines from neighbouring towns.
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Meadow Surprises, Walk across a green field, a park or even under a clump, of trees, and you will notice many wonderful things. What, are some of the surprises a meadow has for someone, with a keen eye and a sharp ear?, , Meadows have surprises,, You can find them if you look;, Walk softly through the velvet grass,, And listen by the brook., You may see a butterfly, Rest upon a buttercup, And unfold its drinking straws, To sip the nectar up., You may scare a rabbit, Who is sitting very still;, Though at first you may not see him,, When he hops you will., A dandelion whose fuzzy head, Was golden days ago, Has turned to airy parachutes, That flutter when you blow.
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124/HONEYCOMB, , Explore the meadow houses,, The burrows in the ground,, A nest beneath tall grasses,, The ant’s amazing mound., Oh! Meadows have surprises, And many things to tell;, You may discover these yourself,, If you look and listen well., LOIS BRANDT PHILLIPS, , Working with the Poem, 1. Read the lines in which the following phrases occur. Then, discuss with your partner the meaning of each phrase in, its context., (i) velvet grass, (ii) drinking straws, (iii) meadow houses, (iv) amazing mound, (v) fuzzy head, 2. Which line in the poem suggests that you need a keen eye, and a sharp ear to enjoy a meadow? Read aloud the stanza, that contains this line., 3. Find pictures of the kinds of birds, insects and scenes, mentioned in the poem., 4. Watch a tree or a plant, or walk across a field or park at, the same time everyday for a week. Keep a diary of what, you see and hear. At the end of the week, write a short, paragraph or a poem about your experiences. Put your, writing up on the class bulletin board.
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MEADOW SURPRISES /125, , Read the following poem about the world of nature, which is, as busy as the world of human beings., , Busy World, Bees are buzzing, frogs are hopping,, Moles are digging. There’s no stopping, Vines from climbing, grass from growing,, Birds from singing, winds from blowing,, Buds from blooming. Bees are humming,, Sunbeams dancing, raindrops drumming., All the world is whirling, dizzy,, Summertime is very busy!, , FRANCES GORMAN RISSER, , Delivery Delayed, Answer, , The postman started moving round, the tree in circles. The dog followed, him, but as he did so, his leash, got wrapped around the tree. The, postman then safely walked up to, the front door.
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9, Before you read, If you wish to go on a long bicycle ride, the bicycle should, be in good condition. If possible, an expert mechanic, should overhaul it. But what happens if the machine has, a will of its own and the mechanic knows next to nothing?, , A Bicycle in Good, Repair, I, , A, , ________________, ________________, ________________, ________________, ________________, ________________, ________________, ________________, ________________, ________________, , man I knew proposed one evening we, should go for a long bicycle ride, together on the following day, and I agreed. I got, up early, for me; I made an effort, and was pleased, with myself. He came half an hour late; I was, waiting for him in the garden. It was a lovely day., He said, “That’s a good-looking machine of yours., How does it run?”, “Oh, like most of them!” I answered; “easily, enough in the morning; goes a little stiffly after, lunch.”, He caught hold of it by the front wheel and the, fork, and shook it violently., I said, “Don’t do that; you’ll hurt it.”, I did not see why he should shake it; it had, not done anything to him. Besides, if it wanted
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A BICYCLE, , IN, , GOOD REPAIR/127, , shaking, I was the proper person to shake it. I felt, much as I should had he started whacking, my dog., He said, “This front wheel wobbles.”, I said, “It doesn’t if you don’t wobble it.” It didn’t, wobble, as a matter of fact—nothing worth calling a wobble., He said, “This is dangerous; have you got a, hammer?” I ought to have been firm, but I thought, that perhaps he really did know something about, the business. I went to the tool shed to see what I, could find. When I came back he was sitting on, the ground with the front wheel between his legs., He was playing with it, twiddling it round, between his fingers; the remnant of the machine, was lying on the gravel path beside him., He said, “It looks to me as if the bearings were, all wrong.”, I said, “Don’t you trouble about it any more;, you will make yourself tired. Let us put it back, and get off.”, , whacking:, beating;, striking, wobble: move, unsteadily, from side to, side, ________________, ________________, ________________, ________________, ________________, ________________, twiddling:, turning, remnant:, remaining, parts, bearings:, ball-bearings, ________________, ________________
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128/HONEYCOMB, , ________________, _______________, ________________, ________________, ________________, grovelled:, crawled on, the ground, ________________, ________________, ________________, , He said, “We may as well see what is the matter with it, now it is out.” He talked as though it, had dropped out by accident., Before I could stop him he had unscrewed, something somewhere, and out rolled all over the, path some dozen or so little balls., “Catch ‘em!” he shouted; “catch ‘em! We, mustn’t lose any of them.” He was quite excited, about them., We grovelled round for half an hour, and found, sixteen. He said he hoped we had got them all,, because, if not, it would make a serious difference to the machine. I put them for safety in my, hat. It was not a sensible thing to do, I admit., , ________________, ________________, ________________, , Comprehension Check, , ________________, ________________, ________________, ________________, ________________, ________________, ________________, ________________, ________________, ________________, ________________, ________________, ________________, ________________, ________________________________, ________________, , 1. “I got up early, for me.” It implies that, (i) he was an early riser., (ii) he was a late riser., (iii) he got up late that morning., Mark the correct answer., 2. The bicycle “goes easily enough in the morning and a, little stiffly after lunch.” The remark is, ., (i) humorous., (ii) inaccurate., (iii) sarcastic., (iv) enjoyable., (v) meaningless., Mark your choice(s)., 3. The friend shook the bicycle violently. Find two or, three sentences in the text which express the author’s, disapproval of it., 4. “...if not, it would make a serious difference to the, machine.” What does ‘it’ refer to?
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A BICYCLE, , IN, , GOOD REPAIR/129, , II, He then said that while he was about it he would, see to the chain for me, and at once began taking, off the gear-case. I did try to dissuade him from, that. I told him what an experienced friend of mine, once said to me solemnly: “If anything goes wrong, with your gear-case, sell the machine and buy a, new one; it comes cheaper.”, He said, “People talk like that who understand, nothing about machines. Nothing is easier than, taking off a gear-case.”, I had to confess he was right. In less than five, minutes he had the gear-case in two pieces, lying, on the path, and was grovelling for screws. He, said it was always a mystery to him the way screws, disappeared., Common sense continued to whisper to me:, ‘Stop him, before he does any more mischief. You, have a right to protect your own property from, the ravages of a lunatic. Take him by the scruff of, the neck, and kick him out of the gate!’, But I am weak when it comes to hurting other, people’s feelings, and I let him muddle on., He gave up looking for the rest of the screws., He said screws had a knack of turning up when, you least expected them, and that now he would, see to the chain. He tightened it till it would not, move; next he loosened it until it was twice as, loose as it was before. Then he said we had better, think about getting the front wheel back into its, place again., I held the fork open, and he worried with the, wheel. At the end of ten minutes I suggested he, , see to the, chain: check, or examine, the chain, _______________, ________________, ________________, ________________, ________________, ________________, ________________, ________________, ________________, ________________, ________________, ________________, ________________, ________________, ravages:, damages, lunatic: mad, person, muddle: mix, up things, ________________, _______________, ________________, ________________, ________________, ________________, ________________, ________________, ________________
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130/HONEYCOMB, , ________________, _______________, ________________, ________________, ________________, ________________, ________________, topsy-turvy, upside down, ________________, ________________, ________________, , should hold the fork, and that I should handle, the wheel; and we changed places., At length we did get the thing into position;, and the moment it was in position he burst out, laughing., I said, “What’s the joke?”, He said, “Well, I am an ass!”, It was the first thing he had said that made me, respect him. I asked him what had led him to, the discovery., He said, “We’ve forgotten the balls!” ., I looked for my hat; it was lying topsy-turvy in, the middle of the path., He was of a cheerful disposition. He said, “Well,, we must put back all we can find, and trust, to providence.”
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A BICYCLE, , IN, , GOOD REPAIR/131, , We found eleven. We fixed six on one side and, five on the other, and half an hour later the wheel, was in its place again. It need hardly be added, that it really did wobble now; a child might have, noticed it. He said it would do for the present., I said, “Watching you do this is of real use to, me. It is not only your skill that fascinates me,, it is your cheery confidence in yourself, your, inexplicable hopefulness, that does me good.”, Thus encouraged, he set to work to refix the, gear-case. He stood the bicycle against the house,, and worked from the off side. Then he stood it, against a tree, and worked from the on side. Then, I held it for him, while he lay on the ground with, his head between the wheels, and worked at it, from below, and dropped oil upon himself. Then, he took it away from me, and doubled himself, across it till he lost his balance and slid over on, to his head., Then he lost his temper and tried bullying the, thing. The bicycle, I was glad to see, showed spirit;, and the subsequent proceedings degenerated into, little else than a rough-and-tumble fight, between him and the machine. One moment the, bicycle would be on the gravel path, and he on, top of it; the next, the position would be reversed—, he on the gravel path, the bicycle on him. Now he, would be standing flushed with victory, the bicycle, firmly fixed between his legs. But his triumph, would be short-lived. By a sudden, quick, movement it would free itself and, turning upon, him, hit him sharply over the head with one of, its handles., , ________________, ________________, ________________, ________________, ________________, ________________, inexplicable:, that can’t be, explained;, mysterious, off/on side:, (in cricket), off side is, that side of, the field, which the, batsman is, facing to, receive the, ball; on side, is the, opposite of, that, degenerated, into: were, reduced to, ________________, _______________, ________________, ________________, ________________, ________________, ________________, ________________, ________________
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132/HONEYCOMB, , At a quarter to one, dirty and dishevelled, cut, and bleeding, he said, “I think that will do”, and, rose and wiped his brow., The bicycle looked as if it also had had enough, of it. Which had received most punishment it, would have been difficult to say. 1 took him into, the back kitchen where, so far as was possible,, he cleaned himself. Then 1 sent him home., , JEROME K. JEROME, [abridged], , Working with the Text, Answer the following questions., 1. Did the front wheel really wobble? What is your opinion?, Give a reason for your answer.
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A BICYCLE, , IN, , GOOD REPAIR/133, , 2. In what condition did the author find the bicycle when he, returned from the tool shed?, 3. “Nothing is easier than taking off the gear-case.” Comment, on or continue this sentence in the light of what actually, happens., 4. What special treatment did the chain receive?, 5. The friend has two qualities — he knows what he is doing, and is absolutely sure it is good. Find the two phrases in, the text which mean the same., 6. Describe ‘the fight’ between the man and the machine., Find the relevant sentences in the text and write them., , Working with Language, I. Read the following sentences., • We should go for a long bicycle ride., • I ought to have been firm., • We mustn’t lose any of them., • I suggested that he should hold the fork, and that I, should handle the wheel., The words in italics are modal auxiliaries. Modal auxiliaries, are used with verbs to express notions such as possibility,, permission, willingness, obligation, necessity, etc. ‘Should,’ ‘must’, and ‘ought to’ generally express moral obligation, necessity and, desirability., Look at the following., • We should go on a holiday. (suggestion: It is a good idea for, us to go on a holiday.), •, , He is not too well these days. He must see a doctor before, he becomes worse. (compulsion or necessity: It is absolutely, essential or necessary for him to see a doctor.), , •, , You ought to listen to me. I am well over a decade older, than you. (more emphatic than ‘should’: Since I am older, than you, it is advisable that you listen to me.), , Note: ‘Should’ and ‘ought to’ are often used interchangeably.
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134/HONEYCOMB, , Rewrite each of the following sentences using should/, ought to/must in place of the italicised words. Make other, changes wherever necessary., (i) You are obliged to do your duty irrespective of, consequences., , (ii) You will do well to study at least for an hour every day., , (iii) The doctor says it is necessary for her to sleep eight, hours every night., , (iv) It is right that you show respect towards elders and, affection towards youngsters., , (v) If you want to stay healthy, exercise regularly., , (vi) It is good for you to take a walk every morning., , (vii) It is strongly advised that you don’t stand on your, head., , (viii) As he has a cold, it is better for him to go to bed.
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A BICYCLE, , IN, , GOOD REPAIR/135, , 2. Use should/must/ought to appropriately in the following, sentences., not, (i) People who live in glass houses, throw stones., wipe your feet before coming, (ii) You, into the house, especially during the rains., do what the teacher tells you., (iii) You, (iv) The pupils were told that they, write, more neatly., not walk, (v) Sign in front of a park: You, on the grass., be ashamed of yourself having, (vi) You, made such a remark., (vii) He left home at 9 o’clock. He, be, here any minute., (viii) “Whatever happened to the chocolate cake?”, I know? I have just arrived.”, “How, 3. Two or more single sentences can be combined to form a, single sentence., Read the following., I, This, •, •, Now, , made an effort, and was pleased with myself., sentence is in fact a combination of two sentences., I made an effort., I was pleased with myself., read this sentence., , I did not see why he should shake it., This is also a combination of two sentences., • I did not see (it)., • Why should he shake it?, Divide each of the following sentences into its parts. Write, meaningful parts. If necessary, supply a word or two to, make each part meaningful., (i) I went to the tool shed to see what I could find. (3 parts), (ii) When I came back he was sitting on the ground. (2 parts)
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136/HONEYCOMB, , (iii) We may as well see what’s the matter with it, now it, is out. (3 parts), (iv) He said he hoped we had got them all. (3 parts), (v) I had to confess he was right. (2 parts), 4. ‘en’ acts as a prefix (put at the beginning) or as a suffix, (put at the end) to form new words., en + courage = encourage, weak + en, = weaken, ‘en’ at the beginning or at the end of a word is not always a, prefix or a suffix. It is then an integral part of the word., ending, barren, (i) Now arrange the words given in the box under the, three headings — prefix, suffix and part of the word., encourage, barren, fasten, even, en (prefix), , dampen, endanger, enclose, enable, en (suffix), , listen, soften, weaken, enclave, en (part of word), , (ii) Find new words in your textbook and put them under, the same headings.
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Garden Snake, Have you ever seen a snake fighting a mongoose, or, getting into a hole, or swimming in the river? Everyone,, almost everyone, believes that snakes are dangerous., Some are, most are not. Read this poem on a harmless, garden snake., , I saw a snake and ran away..., Some snakes are dangerous, they say;, But mother says that kind is good,, And eats up insects for his food., So when he wiggles in the grass, I’ll stand aside and watch him pass,, And tell myself, “There’s no mistake,, It’s just a harmless garden snake!”, MURIEL L. SONNE, , Working with the Poem, 1. Answer the following questions., (i) Pick out the line that suggests that the child is afraid, of snakes.
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138/HONEYCOMB, , (ii) Which line shows a complete change of the child’s, attitude towards snakes? Read it aloud., (iii) “But mother says that kind is good...” What is mother, referring to?, 2. Find the word that refers to the snake’s movements in the, grass., 3. There are four pairs of rhyming words in the poem. Say, them aloud., 4. A snake has no legs or feet, but it moves very fast. Can, you guess how? Discuss in the group., 5. Can you recall the word used for a cobra’s long sharp, teeth? Where did you come across this word first?, , Do you know..., If you show love to plants or expose them to, classical music, they grow well. Is this true ?, Answer on page 151
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10, Before you read, Sport is an integral part of a healthy life. It is one way in, which we amuse ourselves, compete with each other and, stay fit. Among the various sports such as hockey, football, and tennis, cricket appears to be the most appealing, national entertainment today. How much do we really, know about the game called ‘cricket’?, , The Story of, Cricket, I, , C, , ricket grew out of the many stick-andball games played in England 500 years, ago. The word ‘bat’ is an old English word that, simply means stick or club. By the seventeenth, century, cricket had evolved enough to be, recognisable as a distinct game. Till the middle of, the eighteenth century, bats were roughly the same, shape as hockey sticks, curving outwards at the, bottom. There was a simple reason for this: the ball, was bowled underarm, along the ground and the, curve at the end of the bat gave the batsman the, best chance of making contact., One of the peculiarities of cricket is that a, Test match can go on for five days and still end, , —————–, —————–, —————–, —————–, —————–, —————–, —————–, —————–, —————–, —————–, —————–, —————–, —————–, —————–
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140/HONEYCOMB, , ________________, ________________, ________________, , The oldest cricket bat in existence, (Note the curved end, similar to a hockey stick.), , draw: result, of a game in, which neither, side wins or, loses, , in a draw. No other modern team sport takes even, half as much time to complete. A football match, is generally over in an hour-and-a-half. Even, baseball completes nine innings in less than half, the time that it takes to play a limited-overs match,, the shortened version of modern cricket!, Another curious characteristic of cricket is that, the length of the pitch is specified—22 yards—, but the size or shape of the ground is not. Most, other team sports such as hockey and football, lay down the dimensions of the playing area., Cricket does not. Grounds can be oval like the, Adelaide Oval or nearly circular, like Chepauk in, Chennai. A six at the Melbourne Cricket Ground, needs to clear much more ground than it does at, Feroz Shah Kotla in Delhi., There’s a historical reason behind both these, oddities. Cricket was the earliest modern team, sport to be codified. The first written ‘Laws of, Cricket’ were drawn up in 1744. They stated,, “the principals shall choose from amongst the, gentlemen present two umpires who shall, absolutely decide all disputes. The stumps must, be 22 inches high and the bail across them six, inches. The ball must be between five and six, ounces, and the two sets of stumps 22 yards, , baseball:, game (populr, in the U.S.A.), played with a, bat and ball, by two teams, of nine, players each, on a field, with four, bases, dimensions:, length,, breadth, etc., oval: shaped, like an egg, codified:, standardised, with rules and, regulations, ________________, ________________, ________________, ________________, ________________, ________________, ________________, ________________
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THE STORY, , apart”. The world’s first cricket club was formed, in Hambledon in the1760s and the Marylebone, Cricket Club (MCC) was founded in 1787., During the 1760s and 1770s it became common, to pitch the ball through the air rather than roll, it along the ground. This change gave bowlers, the options of length, deception through the air,, plus increased pace. It also opened new, possibilities for spin and swing. In response,, batsmen had to master timing and shot, selection. One immediate result was the, replacement of the curved bat with the straight, one. The weight of the ball was limited to between, 5½ to 5½ ounces, and the width of the bat to, four inches. In 1774, the first leg-before law was, published. Also around this time, a third stump, became common. By 1780, three days had, become the length of a major match, and this, year also saw the creation of the first six-seam, cricket ball., , OF, , CRICKET/141, , length: the, distance from, the bastman, at which the, ball pitches, deception, through the, air: The ball, is no longer, rolled along, the ground, but sent, through the, air. Hence, the possible, variety or, ‘deception’, in bowling., shot, selection:, choice of, strokes, , The pavilion of the Marylebone Cricket Club (MCC) in 1874
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142/HONEYCOMB, , ________________, ________________, ________________, ________________, ________________, ________________, ________________, ________________, ________________, ________________, ________________, ________________, ________________, ________________, , If you look at the game’s equipment, you can, see how cricket both changed with changing, times and yet fundamentally remained true to, its origins in rural England. Cricket’s most, important tools are all made of natural, preindustrial materials. The bat is made with, leather, twine and cork. Even today both bat, and ball are handmade, not industrially, manufactured. The material of the bat changed, slightly over time. Once it was cut out of a single, piece of wood. Now it consists of two pieces, the, blade which is made out of the wood of the willow, tree and the handle which is made out of cane, that became available as European colonialists, and trading companies established themselves, in Asia. Unlike golf and tennis, cricket has, , A rough-and-ready cricket game being played in a village in the Himalayas (1894), (Notice the home-made wickets and bat, carved out of rough bits of wood.)
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THE STORY, , refused to remake its tools with industrial or, man-made materials: plastic, fibreglass and, metal have been firmly rejected., But in the matter of protective equipment,, cricket has been influenced by technological, change. The invention of vulcanised rubber led, to the introduction of pads in 1848 and, protective gloves soon afterwards, and the, modern game would be unimaginable without, helmets made out of metal and synthetic, lightweight materials., , OF, , CRICKET/143, , ________________, ________________, ________________, ________________, ________________, ________________, ________________, ________________, ________________, ________________, ________________, ________________, , Comprehension Check, , ________________, ________________, ________________, , 1. Cricket is originally a/an, (i) Indian game., (ii) British game., (iii) international game., Mark the right answer., 2. “There is a historical reason behind both these, oddities.” In the preceding two paragraphs, find two, words/phrases that mean the same as ‘oddities’., 3. How is a cricket bat different from a hockey stick?, , ________________, ________________, ________________, ________________, ________________, ________________, ________________, ________________, ________________, ________________, ________________, , II, , ________________, ________________, , The origins of Indian cricket are to be found in, Bombay and the first Indian community to start, playing the game was the small community of, Zoroastrians, the Parsis. Brought into close contact, with the British because of their interest in trade, and the first Indian community to westernise, the, Parsis founded the first Indian cricket club, the, , ________________, ________________, ________________, ________________, ________________, ________________, ________________
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144/HONEYCOMB, , ________________, ________________, ________________, ________________, ________________, ________________, ________________, ________________, compatriots:, fellow, countrymen, ________________, ________________, ________________, ________________, , Oriental Cricket Club, in Bombay in 1848. Parsi, clubs were funded and sponsored by Parsi, businessmen like the Tatas and the Wadias. The, white cricket elite in India offered no help to the, enthusiastic Parsis. In fact, there was a quarrel, between the Bombay Gymkhana, a whites-only, club, and Parsi cricketers over the use of a public, park. The Parsis complained that the park was, left unfit for cricket because the polo ponies of the, Bombay Gymkhana dug up the surface. When it, became clear that the colonial authorities were, prejudiced in favour of their white compatriots, the, Parsis built their own gymkhana to play cricket in., The rivalry between the Parsis and the Bombay, Gymkhana had a happy ending for these pioneers, of Indian cricket. A Parsi team beat the Bombay, Gymkhana at cricket in 1889, just four years after, , The Parsi team, the first Indian cricket team to tour England in 1886, (Note that along with the traditional cricket flannels, they wear Parsi caps.)
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THE STORY, , the foundation of the, Indian National Congress, in 1885, an organisation, that was lucky to have, amongst its early leaders, the great Parsi statesman, and intellectual Dadabhai, Naoroji., Modern cricket is, dominated by Tests and, one-day internationals,, played between national, teams. The players who, Palwankar Baloo (born, become famous, who live, 1875). At a time when, on in the memories of, Indians were not allowed, cricket’s public, are those, to play Test cricket, he, was the greatest Indian, who have played for their, slow bowler of his time., country. The players, Indian fans remember, even now are those who were fortunate enough to, play Test cricket. C.K. Nayudu, an outstanding, Indian batsman of his time, lives on in the popular, imagination when some of his great, contemporaries like Palwankar Vithal and, Palwankar Baloo have been forgotten. Even, though Nayudu was past his cricketing prime, when he played for India in its first Test matches, against England starting in 1932, his place in, India’s cricket history is assured because he was, the country’s first Test captain., India entered the world of Test cricket in 1932,, a decade and a half before it became an, independent nation. This was possible because, , OF, , CRICKET/145, , ________________, ________________, ________________, ________________, ________________, ________________, ________________, ________________, ________________, ________________, ________________, ________________, ________________, ________________, ________________, ________________, ________________, ________________, ________________, ________________, ________________, ________________, ________________, ________________, ________________, ________________, ________________, ________________, ________________, ________________, ________________, ________________, ________________, ________________, ________________
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146/HONEYCOMB, , ________________, ________________, ________________, ________________, ________________, ________________, ________________, , Test cricket from its origins in 1877 was, organised as a contest between different parts of, the British empire, not sovereign nations. The first, Test was played between England and Australia, when Australia was still a white-settler colony., Similarly, the small countries of the Caribbean, that together make up the West Indies team, were British colonies till well after the Second, World War., , ________________, ________________, ________________, , Comprehension Check, , ________________, ________________, ________________, ________________, ________________, ________________, ________________, ________________, ________________, ________________, ________________, , Write True or False against each of the following sentences., (i) India joined the world of Test, cricket before Independence., (ii) The colonisers did nothing to encourage, the Parsis in playing cricket., (iii) Palwankar Baloo was India’s, first Test captain., (iv) Australia played its first Test against, England as a sovereign nation., , ________________, ________________, ________________, ________________, ________________, ________________, ________________, ________________, ________________, ________________, ________________, ________________, ________________, , III, Television coverage changed cricket. It expanded, the audience for the game by beaming cricket into, small towns and villages. It also broadened, cricket’s social base. Children who had never, previously had the chance to watch international, cricket because they lived outside the big, cities, could now watch and learn by imitating, their heroes.
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THE STORY, , The technology of satellite television and the, world-wide reach of multi-national television, companies created a global market for cricket., Matches in Sydney could now be watched live in, Surat. Since India had the largest viewership, for the game amongst the cricket-playing, nations and the largest market in the cricketing, world, the game’s centre of gravity shifted to, South Asia. This shift was symbolised by the, shifting of the ICC headquarters from London to, tax-free Dubai., One hundred and fifty years ago the first Indian, cricketers, the Parsis, had to struggle to find an, open space to play in. Today, the global, marketplace has made Indian players the, best-paid, most famous cricketers in the game, men, for whom the world is a stage. This transformation, was made up of many smaller changes: the, replacement of the gentlemanly amateur by the, paid professional, the triumph of the one-day game, as it overshadowed Test cricket in terms of, popularity, and the remarkable changes in global, commerce and technology., , OF, , CRICKET/147, , ________________, ________________, ________________, ________________, ________________, ________________, ________________, ________________, ________________, ________________, ________________, ________________, ________________, ________________, ________________, ________________, ________________, ________________, ________________, ________________, ________________, ________________, ________________, ________________, ________________, , RAMACHANDRA GUHA, , ________________, , [adapted from Chapter 7 of, India and the Contemporary World – I,, Textbook in History for Class IX, NCERT ], , ________________, ________________, ________________, ________________, ________________, ________________, ________________, ________________, ________________
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148/HONEYCOMB, , Comprehension Check, 1. A ‘professional’ cricket player is one who makes a living by, playing cricket. Find the opposite of ‘professional’ in the last, paragraph., 2. In “the triumph of the one-day game”, ‘triumph’ means the, one-day game’s, (i) superiority to Test cricket., (ii) inferiority to Test cricket., (iii) achievement and success over Test cricket., (iv) popularity among viewers., Mark the right answer., 3. “...the men for whom the world is a stage”., (i) It refers to the famous cricket fields in the world., (ii) It means that there are many cricket playing countries, in the world., (iii) It implies that cricketers are like actors and every cricket, ground is like a stage on which the drama of cricket is, enacted the world over., Mark the right answer., , Working with the Text, 1. Name some stick-and-ball games that you have witnessed, or heard of., 2. The Parsis were the first Indian community to take to, cricket. Why?, 3. The rivalry between the Parsis and the Bombay, Gymkhana had a happy ending for the former. What, does ‘a happy ending’ refer to?, 4. Do you think cricket owes its present popularity to, television? Justify your answer., 5. Why has cricket a large viewership in India, not in China, or Russia?, 6. What do you understand by the game’s (cricket), ‘equipment’?
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THE STORY, , 7., 8., 9., 10., , OF, , CRICKET/149, , How is Test cricket a unique game in many ways?, How is cricket different from other team games?, How have advances in technology affected the game of cricket?, Explain how cricket changed with changing times and, yet remained unchanged in some ways., , Working with Language, 1. Wordsearch, • Twelve words associated with cricket are hidden in, this grid., • Six can be found horizontally and the remaining six, vertically., • Two words have been found for you., Clues to the hidden words are given below., Horizontal : six deliveries, four runs, attacked while out, of arena, no result, stumps, fielder to the off, side of the wicketkeeper, Vertical, : stumps flying, back to the pavilion, a lofty, one, mid-air mishap, not even one out of six,, goes with bat, A, , O, , V, , E, , R, , D, , C, , Q, , A, , M, , Z, , B, , S, , M, , F, , C, , X, , E, , P, , A, , B, , O, , U, , N, , D, , A, , R, , Y, , N, , I, , A, , W, , O, , S, , T, , U, , M, , P, , E, , D, , L, , L, , U, , I, , P, , G, , L, , J, , R, , E, , L, , E, , T, , X, , L, , H, , K, , A, , Z, , N, , X, , D, , R, , A, , W, , T, , Y, , P, , F, , D, , W, , I, , C, , K, , E, , T, , S, , L, , I, , P
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150/HONEYCOMB, , 2. Add -ly to the italicised word in each sentence. Rewrite, the sentence using the new word. See the examples first., •, , He runs between wickets as if his legs were stiff., He runs between wickets stiffly., , •, , Why did the batsman swing the bat in such a violent, manner?, Why did the batsman swing the bat so violently?, , (i) It is obvious that the work has not been done in a, proper way., (ii) He made the statement in a firm manner., (iii) The job can be completed within a week in an easy way., (iv) You did not play in a serious manner, or else you would, have won the match., (v) She recited the poem in a cheerful manner., 3. Use the following phrases appropriately in place of the, italicised words in the sentences given below., as a matter of fact, see to it, , we had better, , by accident, , as well, , (i) Actually, I didn’t intend to come to your place. I reached, here without planning., (ii) Sunil, there’s a letter for you in today’s post. There’s, one for me also., (iii) Everybody thought I had composed the poem. The truth, is my younger sister did it., (iv) The doctor told the patient to make sure that he took, his pills on time., (v) It will be better for us to plan our trip before setting out.
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THE STORY, , OF, , CRICKET/151, , Speaking and Writing, 1. Complete each of the following words using gh, ff or f., Then say each word clearly after your teacher., (i) e, (ii), , ort, act, , (vii) scru, (viii) rou, , (iii) con, , ess, , (ix) sti, , (iv) lau, , ing, , (x) di, , (v) enou, (vi) hal, , (xi) sa, (xii), , ly, erence, ety, lush, , 2. Write two paragraphs describing a bus ride to watch a, cricket match in a village. Use the following points. Add, some of your own., • two-hour journey by bus, • an old and crowded bus, • friendly passengers, • visit to a village fair where the match is to be played, • the match between two village teams, • makeshift stumps, rough pitch and a rubber ball, • the match was enjoyable, but the trip was tiring, , Do you know..., Answer, , According to some botanists, plants are able, to sense the vibrations of music through their, stomata. How this occurs is not yet known., Yields of some crops are reported to have, increased substantially when the plants, were exposed to music. Many plant lovers,, including Prince Charles of Britain, believe that, talking to plants makes them grow better.
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Notes
