Page 1 :
Completing An Analogy, Quarter 1 - Module 1 - Week 1, , CHRISTINE ARLYN A. LAURIE, , (SUPPORT MATERIAL FOR INDEPENDENT LEARNING ENGAGEMENT), , A Joint Project of, , SCHOOLS DIVISION OF DIPOLOG CITY, and the, , DIPOLOG CITY GOVERNMENT

Page 3 :
7, English, Quarter 1 – Module 1:, Completing An Analogy, , This instructional material was collaboratively developed and reviewed by, educators from public and private schools, colleges, and or/universities. We, encourage teachers and other education stakeholders to email their feedback,, comments, and recommendations to the Department of Education at, [email protected]. ph., We value your feedback and recommendations.

Page 4 :
Introductory Message, This module was collaboratively designed, developed and reviewed by educators both from, public and private institutions to assist you, the teacher or facilitator in helping the learners, meet the standards set by the K to 12 Curriculum while overcoming their personal, social,, and economic constraints in schooling., This learning resource hopes to engage the learners into guided and independent learning, activities at their own pace and time. Furthermore, this also aims to help learners acquire the, needed 21st century skills while taking into consideration their needs and circumstances., In addition to the material in the main text, you will also see this box in the body of the, module:, , As a facilitator you are expected to orient the learners on how to use this module. You also, need to keep track of the learners' progress while allowing them to manage their own, learning. Furthermore, you are expected to encourage and assist the learners as they do the, tasks included in the module., The following are some reminders in using this module:, 1. Use the module with care. Do not put unnecessary mark/s on any part of the module., Use a separate sheet of paper in answering the exercises., 2. Don’t forget to answer What I Know before moving on to the other activities included, in the module., 3. Read the instruction carefully before doing each task., 4. Observe honesty and integrity in doing the tasks and checking your answers., 5. Finish the task at hand before proceeding to the next., 6. Return this module to your teacher/facilitator once you are through with it., If you encounter any difficulty in answering the tasks in this module, do not hesitate to, consult your teacher or facilitator. Always bear in mind that you are not alone., We hope that through this material, you will experience meaningful learning and gain deep, understanding of the relevant competencies. You can do it and have fun!

Page 5 :
What I Need to Know, , This module is designed to help you master the skills in analysing relationship of, words. By completing this module, you will develop the skills necessary to tackle each type, of analogy completion questions. You will also improve your vocabulary and your process of, elimination skills., After going through this module, you are expected to:, 1. define analogy;, 2. analyze relationships presented in analogies; and, 3. supply other word or expression that completes the analogy, , What I Know, Complete the Analogy, Write your answers on a separate sheet of paper., Decide the relationship between the first two words in each analogy. Then complete the, analogy with one of the words in parentheses. Choose the letter of the best answer., Example: wrong : right : : sky : _______________ (toy, fly, earth), Answer: wrong : right : : sky : earth, 1. begin : end : : open : ___________________, A. reach, B. unlock, C. close, D. near, 2. angry : calm : : clean : ___________________, A. neat, B. lost, C. safe, D. dirty, 3. pen : write : : knife : ___________________, A. sharpen, B. sip, C. compose, D. cut, 1

Page 6 :
4. find : found : : mind : ____________________, A. minded, B. mind, C. mound, D. brain, 5. nose : face : : elbow : ___________________, A. arm, B. wrist, C. knee, D. leg, , Lesson, , Word Analogy, , 1, Analogy plays a significant role in problem solving, as well as decision making,, argumentation, perception, generalization, memory, creativity, invention, prediction, emotion,, explanation, conceptualization and communication., Analogies are such an important skill for students to master. Many standardized tests, use analogies to check for vocabulary mastery., People often wonder about the effectiveness of analogies. What do they teach? How, do they work? Why are they so useful? What makes analogies so effective is their ability to, get students to think critically. In order to answer an analogy question correctly , the student, has to form a logical relationship, or "bridge" between two words. They must think about how, the words are related. Since words represent particulars (not universals), there is a nearly, infinite number of ways they might be related., Analogies are useful in different subject areas to enhance learning of key concepts., This makes them useful for assessment, but they can also be used as an effective learning, strategy as well. As students create incorrect analogies, analyse the relationships th eir, analogies are suggesting, and then correct them accordingly, students are grappling with, ideas, monitoring and revising their thinking, and otherwise actively consider the often, complex relationships between disparate things., Here are some of the instructional benefits of this strategy:, , , , , , develops understanding of the nature of various kinds of relationships;, helps students identify and analyze relationships;, develops and refines students’ understanding of the specific vocabulary and, concepts that are used in analogies;, develops critical thinking abilities in students., 2

Page 7 :
What’s In, Analogy Defined, Analogy basically means ‘‘resemblance of one object to another in certain aspects.’’, It is a way of stating a comparative relationship between two sets of terms., , What’s New, An analogy is often represented as follows: A : B :: C : D., A and B (of the first set) are related to each other in the same way that, C and D (of the second set) are related to each other., In this lesson, an analogy question consists of words related to each other based on some, logic and it is required to find a word/pair of words analogous to those given in the question., To solve these questions, following two simple steps are to be followed, Step I, Identify the relationship between the pair of numbers/letters/words given., Step II, Find out the other pair such that the relationship between the third and the fourth, numbers/letters/words is similar to the relationship that exists between the first and second, numbers/letters/words., Now, it is clear that analogy is established, when the two pairs on both the sides of the sign, (::) bear the same relationship., For example:, , kitten : cat :: puppy : dog, , The colons stand for words, so that when you read it aloud, the analogy says:, Kitten is to cat as puppy is to dog., In this case, the relationship described is between the young and adult animals. The two, animals being compared are cats and dogs., , 3

Page 8 :
Take a look at the analogies below to see if you can figure out how the words are related to, each other. This will help you understand the comparison that is being made.,  moon : night :: sun : day,  kitchen : cooking : bedroom :, sleeping,  feather : bird :: fur : dog,  apple : fruit :: carrot : vegetable,  hot : oven :: cold : refrigerator,  football : field :: tennis : court,  ski: snow :: raft : river,  near : far :: open : closed,  smile: frown :: pretty : ugly,  umpire : baseball :: referee :,  cow : mammal :: snake : reptile, soccer,  pencil : write :: scissors : cut, , What is It, When completing word analogies, begin by determining the relationship between, the first word pair. Then look at the first word in the second word pair, and choose the word, that has the same relationship to it as the first two words have to each other. Some other, types of relationships include class to item (fish: trout) and part to whole (door: house)., Here are some relationships that form the basis of many analogies:, Analogy Types & Analogy Examples, Nature of Relationship, 1. Synonymous Relationship, This type of relationship is established between, the two words, when they convey the same, meaning., , 2. Antonymous Relationship, This type of relationship is established between, the two words, when they are opposite in, meaning., , 3. Individual and Group Relationship, When one word of the pair is the collective group, of another word of the pair, then it is called, individual and group relationship., , 4, , Examples, Abandon : Leave, ‘Abandon’ means almost the same as ‘Leave’., Hence,, ‘Abandon’ is a synonym of ‘Leave’., Dwelling : Abode, Vacant : Empty, House : Home, Kind : Cruel, ‘Kind’ means the opposite of ‘Cruel’. Hence,, ‘Kind’ and ‘Cruel’ have antonymous relationship., Meet : Avoid, Never : Always, Chaos : Peace, Cattle : Herd, A group of ‘Cattle’ is called ‘Herd’., Termites : Colony, Pupils : Class, Players : Team, Flowers : Bouquet, Musicians : Band

Page 9 :
4. Worker and Product Relationship, When one word of the pair represents the, working professionals and the other word of the, pair represents their final product, then it is calle d, worker and product relationship., , 5. Worker and Tool Relationship, When one word of the pair represents the, working professionals and the other word of the, pair is the tool used for their working, then it is, called worker and tool relationship., , 6. Product and Raw Material Relationship, When one word of the pair represents the raw, material used for the formation of the product, given in the other word of the pair, then it is called, product and raw material relationship., , 7. Part and Whole Relationship, When one word of the pair represents a single, part of the whole object given in other word of the, pair, then it is called part and whole relationship., , 8. Worker and Working Place Relationship, When one word of the pair represents the, working professional and the other word of the, pair their working place, then it is called worker, and working place relationship., , 5, , Author : Book, An author writes a book. It means ‘Book’ is the, product of, ‘Author’., Poet : Poem, Producer : Film, Tailor : Clothes, Chef : Food, Carpenter : Furniture, Chef : Knife, ‘Knife’ is a tool used by ‘Chef’., Surgeon : Scalpel, Tailor : Needle, Labourer : Spade, Author : Pen, Soldier : Gun, Farmer : Plough, Furniture : Wood, ‘Furniture’ is made of ‘Wood’., Book : Paper, Paper : Pulp, Road : Asphalt, Shoes : Leather, Cloth : Fibre, Furniture : Wood, Computer : Hard Disk, ‘Hard Disk’ is a part of ‘Computer’., Fan : Blade, Bicycle : Pedal, Cart : Wheel, Pen : Nib, Circle : Arc, Class : Student, House : Room, Clerk : Office, A ‘Clerk’ works in an ‘Office’., Warrior : Battle field, Teacher : School, Doctor : Hospital, Farmer : Field

Page 10 :
9. Tool and Action Relationship, When one word of the pair represents the tool, and the other word of the pair gives its, function/action, then it is called tool and action, relationship., , 10. Pair Relationship, When the two words form a genuine pair, then it, is called a pair relationship., , 11. Study and Topic Relationship, When one word of the pair gives the branch of, study and the other word gives the topic of study, of that branch, then it is called study and topic, relationship., 12. Animal and Movement Relationship, When one word of the pair gives the animal name, and other word of the pair represents its, movement, then it is called animal and movement, relationship., , 13. Animal/Thing and Sound Relationship, When one word of the pair represents the sound, produced by the animal/thing given in the other, word of the pair, then it is called animal/thing and, sound relationship., 14. Individual and Dwelling Place Relationship, When one word of the pair represents the, dwelling place of the individuals given in the other, word of the pair, then it is called individual and, dwelling place relationship., 15. Games and Playing Place Relationship, When one word of the pair represents the place, for playing the game given in the other word of, the pair, then it is called games and playing place, relationship., , 6, , Gun : Shoot, Spoon : Feed, Knife : Cut, A ‘Knife’ is used for ‘Cutting’., Axe : Grind, Shovel : Scoop, Binocular : View, Lock : Key, ‘Lock’ and ‘Key’ make pair., Question : Answer, Pencil : Eraser, Shoes : Socks, Pathology : Diseases, ‘Pathology’ is the study of ‘Diseases’., Botany : Plants, Astrology : Planets, Cardiology : Heart, Physiology : Body, Donkey : Trot, ‘Trot’ is the name given to the movement of the, ‘Donkey’., Rabbit : Leap, Mouse : Scamper, Horse : Gallop, Lion : Prowl, Elephant : Trumpet, Trumpet’ is the sound produced by ‘elephant’., Lion : Roar, Donkey : Bray, Rain : Patter, Mouse : Hole, A ‘Mouse’ lives in a ‘Hole’., Nun : Convent, Peasant : Cottage, Soldier : Barracks, Cricket : Pitch, ‘Cricket’ is played on the ‘Pitch’., Skating : Rink, Boxing : Ring, Badminton : Court

Page 11 :
16. Male and Female Relationship, , Man : Woman, ‘Man’ is the male while ‘Woman’ is the female., , When two words of the pair represents male and, female gender of each other, then it is called, male and female relationship., , 17. Animal and Young One Relationship, When one word of the pair represents the name, given to the young ones of the animals given in, other word of the pair, then it is called animal and, young one relationship., , Horse : Mare, Bull : Cow, Bullock : Heifer, Cock : Hen, Frog : Tadpole, ‘Tadpole’ is the young one of ‘Frog’., Cat : Kitten, Dog : Puppy, Deer : Fawn, Duck : Duckling, , Verbal Reasoning: Analogy. Retrieved from:, https://www.123test.com/verbal -reasoning-test-analogies/, , What’s More, Write your answers on a separate sheet of paper., Activity 1.1, Choose the best word that will complete the analogy., 1. good : bad :: black : __________, A. color, B. white, C., 2. dwelling : abode : : endless : _________, A. eternal, B. measurable C. final, 3. warrior : sword : : tailor : _________, A. chisel, B. paint, C., 4. soldier : barracks : : teacher : _________, A. bank, B. school, C., 5. cock : hen : : lion : _________, A. mare, B. cub, C., , evil, , D. sad, D. beginning, , needle, , D. stethoscope, , hospital, , D. gym, , lioness, , D. chicken, , Activity 1.2, Identify the nature of relationship/ analogies present in the pairs of word., , 1., 2., 3., 4., , A, left is to right as horizontal is to vertical, poet is to poem as chef is to food, butcher is to knife as hairdresser is to scissors, nun is to convent as teacher is to school, , 5. class is to student as house is to room, , 7, , B, A. Worker and Tool Relationship, B. Antonymous Relationship, C. Part and Whole Relationship, D. Worker and Working Place, Relationship, E. Synonymous Relationship, F. Worker and Product Relationship

Page 12 :
What I Have Learned, 1. A word analogy draws a relationship between two words by comparing them to two other, words., 2. Analogies are such an important skill for students to master. Many standardized tests use, analogies to check for vocabulary mastery., 3. When you write, it is important to understand how words are related. A word analogy, shows how word pairs are related. Once you determine how the two words are related, you, find the same relationship among the pairs in the answer choices., 4. There are different types of analogies., 5. To answer an analogy question you must:, recognize the relationship between the words in the given word pair;, select the answer containing words related to one another in most nearly the same way;, recognize when two word pairs display equal relationships., 6. Approaches that may be helpful in answering analogy questions:,  try to determine the precise relationship between the words in the given pair;,  form a sentence that captures the relationship between the two words;,  then look for the answer choice containing the word pair whose relationship is closest, to that of the given pair and can be expressed in a similar fashion., , What I Can Do, Write your answers on a separate sheet of paper., Complete the table below. Provide an analogy for each nature of relationship., Nature of Relationship, Examples, 1. Synonymous Relationship, 2. Antonymous Relationship, 3. Individual and Group Relationship, 4. Worker and Product Relationship, 5. Worker and Tool Relationship, 6. Product and Raw Material Relationship, 7. Part and Whole Relationship, 8. Worker and Working Place Relationship, 9. Tool and Action Relationship, 10. Pair Relationship, 11. Study and Topic Relationship, 12.Animal and Movement Relationship, , 8

Page 13 :
13., 14., 15., 16., 17., , Animal/Thing and Sound Relationship, Individual and Dwelling Place Relationship, Games and Playing Place Relationship, Male and Female Relationship, Animal and Young One Relationship, , Assessment, Write your answers on a separate sheet of paper., Identify the relationship between the first pair of words given below. From the four choices,, choose the pair of words that has the same relationship as the original pair of words., 1. chef : knife : : ____ : ____, , 6. abduct : kidnap : : ____ : ____, , A. computer : hard disk, B. famous : renowned, C. sink : drown, D. warrior : sword, 2. Botany : plants : : ____ : ____, , A. meet : avoid, B. always : never, C. affirm : deny, D. endless : eternal, 7. create : destroy : : ____ : ____, , A. horse : grass, B. Zoology : animals, C. Cardiology : Physiology, D. rabbit : leap, 3. scientist : laboratory : : ____ : ____, , A. never : always, B. assign : a lot, C. house : home, D. enormous : huge, 8. class : student : : ____ : ____, , A. beautician : parlor, B. court : lawyer, C. theater : artist, D. factory : worker, 4. question : answer : : ____ : ____, , A. dramatist : play, B. book : chapter, C. producer : film, D. tailor : clothes, 9. gun : shoot : : ____ : ____, , A. pen : write, B. shoes : socks, C. binocular : view, D. table : sit, 5. king : palace : : ____ : ____, , A. pencil : eraser, B. cut : knife, C. pen : write, D. sew : needle, 10. skating : rink : : ____ : ____, , A. eskimo : igloo, B. barracks : soldier, C. cock : hen, D. nephew : niece, , A. boxing : ring, B. arena : wrestling, C. court : tennis, D. boxing : gloves, , 9

Page 14 :
Additional Activities, Write your answers on a separate sheet of paper., Choose the pair of words that best express a relationship similar to that of the original pair., Then write the bridge sentence., 1. LIAR : HONEST, Bridge Sentence:, Someone who is a liar lacks honesty., Someone who is a _____ lacks _____., , A. lawyer : mercy, B. mother : children, C. fool : wisdom, D. soldier : power, , 2. DOWNPOUR : RAIN, , Bridge Sentence:, A downpour is a heavy rain., A _____ is a heavy _____., , A. wave : water, B. tornado : clouds, C. blizzard : snow, D. desert : heat, 3. DEMOCRACY : GOVERNMENT, , Bridge Sentence:, A democracy is a type of government., A _____ is a type of _____., , A. master : slave, B. storm : blizzard, C. sonnet : poem, D. tribe : family, 4. COWARDLY : BRAVE, , Bridge Sentence:, Cowardly is the opposite of brave., _____ is the opposite of _____., , A. numerous : many, B. foolish : wise, C. awful : dreadful, D. anxious : nervous, 5. CONCLUSION : ESSAY, , Bridge Sentence:, A conclusion is part of an essay., A _____ is part of a _____., , A. theme : song, B. meal : dessert, C. parade : party, D. scene : play, , 10