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10, CIIAPTER, , SenteNceS, , Tupes of, Clauses,, Phrases,, , sentences., , words, phrases, ise suitable, , or, , about, , Use, , objected, , asked, The teacher, Pawan should, , following, the following, complete, plete the, to, box, clauses from the, , excited, since he had hurt her, peacock, proud as a, on the due date, , to, , MaULL T UJIthyou?", him, "What is the, , apologise to Vani, , around, She went, , imehohod, , the, HLLA AbA_after, , results, , matter with, matter w i t n, , hut, , were, , sentence, , AU, , announced., , AKaut the competition., 4, wearing red shoes., panyone, 5Mr Ramesh hiecied, due_dale, books On 7h, The class, , 6, , Ihave, , was, , always, , veryCTOA, , returned, , library, , Phrases and Clauses, a), , that makes, APhrase is a group ofwords, sense., , but not complete, , combination., , subject-verb, worked in the railways, has, grandfather, who, , Phrases do not contain, , Examples: (i) My, , s o m e sense, , a, , travelled all over the country., , unbelievable., of work that Bahadur does is, amount, The, i), a subject-verb combination, a sentence that contains, b) A Clause is a group of words in, and the rain is falling., Examples: (i) The wind is blowing, the caravan moves on., The dogs bark but, , (i), , (iii) My, , grandfather,, , who worked, , in, , the, , country., , REMEMBER, AClause cannot be formed without, , a, , verb., , railways, has, , travelled all, , over

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are examr, A., , Write, , P, , Mr, , Mrs, , or, , Cdepending, , Thomas, , is, , Singh, , writing, , is, , South Africa., , on, , whether the underlined words, , are, , phrases, ses or, or.clauses, , book about the life, , of Mahatma Gandhi., book about what Gandhiji achieved in, , writing, , a, , a, , STwould have achieved, , nothing without the help of my teachers., 4What Kalpana Chawla accomplished is unbelievable., SJasons, 6., , mother was surprised when she, heard that he had, The cdass, decided to give the, , teacher, , the prize., , a surprise., Vasu walked into, the classroom and, greeted the students., After the, iceberg hit it. the Titanic sank in less, Mr, , 8., , won, , than three hours., , inds of Sentences, impie,, , Compound and, Sentences, entences are made up of Complex, clauses., A, , Simple Sentence has just one, clause. In fact, the, This single clause, whole sentence is, is called, the Main, one, single clause, Clause., Remember, a simple sentence, Examples: (i) Rani is not has a single verb., , (), , (), (iv), A, , Compound, , The, , people, , feeling well today., of, , Mumbai, August and September., , Have, , you, , are, , had, , used, , to, , torrential, , something to eat?, Please remember, to, Sentence is made buy buttons, thread and, of, , rain in the, months, , or, , u, , up two or, four notebooks., They are like, more, two, or more sentences, clauses which are, others, and could have, of equal importand, been a, joined together. Each, The clauses are, separate sentence., of h, clause is, called, independen, like, Coordinate, conjunctions and, or, but, yet Clauses and, and so., they are, Examples: (i) Mummy, ected by, coordin., connected, by coo, sleeping, and, (i) I came, home and went Daddy is at office., We need not, to, not repeat the, sleep., subject, went to sleep), in, each, clause. The above is, The, ttest, (i), The, was, the same asll came home., xamples:, lung, ca, but Garima, (ii) The bus iad, is, , a, , puncture, so we managed to complete it., e, , 108, , reached school, , late.

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Another way of joining coordinate clauses is to use a, , semicolon without any, , Examples: (1) The choir was practising in the hall; I sat down to listen., , I came; I saw; I, , ii), , conquered., Sentence, usually has one main clause and one or more suborainac, A Complex, ce, , A Subordinate clause is one that cannot stand on its own as a separate sen, , Subordinating conjunctions,, , adverbs merge, pronouns or relative, , relative, , the, , subordinate, , the, clauses into, , Example: We had a tree period today because Mrs aya was absent., becaus, Main Clause: we had a free period today' Subordinating Conjunction:, Example:I have not heard from Naina after she moved to Shillong., after, Clause: I have not heard from Naina Subordinating Conjunction:, , Main, , Example: Ifthey were lessunhealthy, I would eat pizzas more, Main, , Clause: I would eat, , often., , pizzas more often Subordinating Conjunction:, , Example: People wholivein glasshouses should not, , if, , throw stones., , stones Relative Pronoun:, Main Clause: People should not throw, , who, , Example: That was the week when I was ill., Relative Adverb: when, Main Clause: That was the week, o r complex in the given, sentences are simple, compound, the, following, and the main, B. Write whether, the compound sentences, of, clauses, coordinate, the, blanks. Also, underline, sentences., clauses of the complex, Canaolnmd, and man made the spade., , 1., , God made man, , 2. Honesty pays in the long run., , ble, Conoble, , 15, , who die for a great cause., eelnie, A13, They never fail, blew the whistle., referee, s o o n as the, as, 4.The game began, , 3., , 5. The Earth, 6., , 7., ,, , he, , He not, , moves, , around the, , only made, , a, , ConmPoInd, Sm o, , sun., , promise but he also kept, , CabDULd, , it., , wherever he pleases., toa, he would go, that, said, He, , You, , must, , Role of, , phrase or a, , accept your, , a, , Phrase, , mistake or, , or a, , subordinate clause, , 3) Noun phrases and, , Examples: (i), , noun, , Students, , can, , clauses, , are, , you'll, , Combad, , be fined., , Clause, a, play the role of single part of speech., can, , involved, , be the, , subject or object in, , in projects., , 109, , (nouns), , a sentence.

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. \oun, , phrases), (111) Exercise, , good for you. (noun), (v), Exercising daily is good for you. (noun phrase, (V) What, happened to the puppies? (noun), (V1) What, happened to the puppies in the lane? (noun phrase), (vii) What happened to the, puppies who were born last week? (noun, (noun, is, , )Adverb phrases and, adverb clauses do the work an adverb by telling, verb (how, when,, of, , where, etc.)., Examples: (i) Medical students work hard., (adverb), , (11) Medical students work, very hard indeed. (adverb, (ii) Lizzie has gone out., (adverb), (iv) Lizzie has, gone to the market., , us, , clause), clause, , more about, about the, th, , phrase), , (adverb phrase), people's home often. (adverb), (vi) Jaya visits the old, people's home at least twice a week. (adverb phrase), (vii) Jaya visits the old, people's home whenever she has some free time. (adverb, clause), (v), , Jaya, , visits the old, , Adjective, , phrases and adjective clauses describe or, modify, usually begin with a relative pronoun (who,, whom, that,, , ective clauses are also called, , Examples: (i), , a, , noun., , Adjective, , which, whoever)., , relative clauses., , clauses, , The, (ii) The, , people of this region are friendly. (adjective), people of this region are hardworking,, friendly and cheerful. (adjective, phrase), , (ii) We have had some cold weather in the, last few weeks., (adjective), (iv) We have had some, unusually cold weather in the last few weeks., , phrase), , (v), (vi), (vii), (viii), (ix), , (x), (xi), , Your test marks, , are, , (adjectiv, , good! (adjective), , Your test marks are, really very good! (adjective phrase), Delhi has many shady avenues., Delhi has many avenues with (adjective), large, shady trees. (adjective phrase), Delhi has many avenues that, are lined with, large, shady trees., clause), , ative, , reia, , Unpunctual students will be taken to the, (adjective), Students who arrive late to school will beprincipal., taken to the principal. (reia, clause), , (xii) The, , new, , restaurant, , on, , Orchard, , Street is ercallo, , actira, , adiective

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relative clausee), , y, , Opened on Orchard, , (xiv Mygrandmother, who is over eighty vears, old, still has a very 80, (relative clause), (xv) This book, which I borrowed from Soha. is very absorbing. (relative, , Tick(), , e «options, the, , use, , in the brackets that describe the highlighte phrases or clauses., , My mother and my grandmother are both very good cooks. (noun phrase/adverb, , phrase), , ,Thekittens are sleeping on the rug behind the sofa. (adverbclause/adverb phrase, The bus should have been here half an hour ago. (adjective, , phrase/adverb phrase), , Manju started learning dance at the age of five. (adverb clause/adverb phrase), , .Anujjoined cricket coaching when he was seven years old. (adverb clause/adverb phrase), , . Could you show me shoes in a bigger size? (adverb phrase/adjective phrase), 7. The man who is wallking with the principal is the new science teacher. (adjective phrase, , relativeclause), 8. The weather is surprisingly cold for this time of the year. (adverb phrase/adjective, , phrase), 9. Customers nowadays are very impatient. (adjective phrase/adverb phrase), 10. We have, , just received some very good news. (noun clause/noun phrase), , 11. Have you heard that our school team won the football trophy? (noun clause/noun, , phrase), 12. The Kumar family, , spends all their holidays in the hills. (adverb phrase/noun phrase)