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Chap 16 Transformation of Assertive, Sentences into Indirect Speech and Vice, Versa, Rules for changing Direct Assertive Sentences/Speech into Indirect Speech, and Vice Versa:, , Change of Tense, Note the following rules for converting the tenses in an Assertive sentence to make it, Indirect speech., Rule 1, The simple present in direct speech becomes the simple past in indirect speech., Example:, Direct Assertive Sentence:, Sam said, ‘I am a tall boy.’, Indirect Assertive Sentence:, Sam said that he was a tall boy., Exception to Rule 1, For statements about universal truths or things that are true to at all times, no change is, made in the tense of the verb., Example:, Direct Assertive Sentence: The teacher said, “The sun rises in the east.”, Indirect Assertive Sentence: The teacher said that the sun rises in the east., [No change in verb-rises], Rule 2:, The present continuous becomes the past continuous, Example:, Direct Assertive Sentence: Tom said, ‘My father is playing basketball.’, Indirect Assertive Sentence: Tom said that his father was playing basketball., Rule 3:, The present perfect becomes the past perfect. [Eat Ate Eaten (past participle)], Example:, Direct Assertive Sentence: He said, ‘I have eaten breakfast.’, Indirect Assertive Sentence: He said that he had eaten breakfast.
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Direct Assertive Sentence: She said, ‘I have done my homework.’, Indirect Assertive Sentence: She said that she had done her homework., Rule 4:, The simple past becomes the past perfect., Example:, Direct Assertive Sentence: He said, ‘I bought the watch from France.’, Indirect Assertive Sentence: He said that he had bought the watch from France., Rule 5:, The table below shows how some verbs change when converted to indirect speech., For Direct Assertive Sentence, , For Indirect Assertive Sentence, , Is, am, Was, Go / Goes, Had / Have, Do / Does not, Can, May, , Was, Had been, Went, Had, Did / Did not, Could, Might, , Shall / Will, Must, , Should / Would, Had to, , Rule 6:, The table below shows the change in pronouns in the indirect speech. It indicates the, relationship between the speaker of the direct utterance and the person who reports it., For Direct Assertive Sentence, , For Indirect Assertive Sentence, , I / Name, We, , He / She, They, , Rule 7:, The table below shows the change in time and place in the indirect speech. Words that, show nearness in time or place change ot words expressing distance. Study the, changes to frame indirect sentences correctly., For Direct Assertive Sentence, , For Indirect Assertive Sentence, , This, These, , That, Those, , Now, Today, Tonight, Yesterday, , Then, That day, That night, The previous day/night
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Tomorrow, , The following day/night, The next day, , Rule 8:, Use the reporting verbs say and tell correctly when changing from direct to indirect, speech., If the reporting verb has an object, the past of tell is used., Example:, Direct Assertive Sentence: Sam said to me, ‘I have an important meeting today.’, Indirect Assertive Sentence: Sam told me that he had an important meeting that day., At other times, the past of say is used., Direct Assertive Sentence: Sam said, ‘Tom is not well.’, Indirect Assertive Sentence: Sam said that Tom is not well., But it is correct to say something to somebody., Direct Assertive Sentence: Sam said, ‘Good morning!’, Indirect Assertive Sentence: Sam said good morning to me., , EXERCISE 1, Change the following sentences from Direct Assertive Sentences to Indirect, Speech:, He said, ‘We are early today.’, She said to me, ‘I am going to a movie tomorrow.’, The tourist said to the guide, ‘I have liked Delhi very much.’, The teacher said to the students, ’Apples grow in Shimla.’, She said to her husband, ‘I will attend to the telephone.’, He said to his old friend, ‘We are living in our old house now.’, She said at the party, ‘We haven’t heard this song before.’, My father said to me, ‘He had been waiting for you since morning.’, My elder sister said to me, ; You can dance in the reality show if mother doesn’t, object.’, 10. She said to her friend, ‘I lost my pen yesterday.’, 1., 2., 3., 4., 5., 6., 7., 8., 9., , EXERCISE 2, Change the following sentences from Indirect Speech to Direct Assertive, Sentences:
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1. Sam said that he will write a letter the following day., 2. I said that I did not believe her., 3. Father said that God helps those who help themselves., 4. Amy said that she was not feeling well the previous day., 5. Mother said that she was going for a walk., 6. They told father that they were going to be late that night., 7. He said that he would go to the police station., 8. Teacher said that they were participating in the competition., 9. Sam said that he did not have any money left., 10. Dad said that he had to go to New York now.
