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Class VII : Computer Science, PEACE AND FREEDOM ACADEMY (PAFA), Thoubal Haokha - Manipur, Chapter 7 : Introduction to HTML, ____, Fill in the blanks : (CCE Skills - Read and Draw Interference), 1. HTML stands for Hypertext Markup Language., 2. Every HTML document comprises four major elements: <HTML>, <HEAD>, <TITLE> and, <BODY>., 3. Attributes provide additional information about a tag sich as alignment, font colour,, size of the text , etc., 4. An HMTL document should always be saved with the .html or .htm extension., 5. There are two types of HTML editors, namely, WYSIWYG and Text Editor., State True or False : (CCE Skills - Evaluating and Decision Making), 1., 2., 3., 4., 5., , Tags are used to define the structure of an HTML document. TRUE, The HEAD element specifies the main content of an HTML document. FALSE, Container tag has only opening tag and its attribute. FALSE, Attributes are defined in a tag after the tag name. TRUE, The tag <BODY> is placed immediately after the closing tag </HEAD>. TRUE, Answer the Questions : (CCE Skills - Conceptual and Interpretation), , 1 . Discuss the two major compinents of HTML. Write any two advantages of, HTML., Ans: Hypertext Markup Language comprises two major components, namely, hypertext, and markup. Hypertext is the text that enables to organise information by connecting, different pieces of information together. Markup is the special code that specifies to, the web browser how parts of the document are to be processed., Some advantages of HTML are as follows:, (i) It is used with all the browsers., (ii) It does not require prior knowledge of any programming language., 2 . What do you understand by the term ‘element’ with reference to HTML ?, Ans: An element is a fundamental component to create a web page. It indicates how, a browser should display the information in the web page. An element generally, comprises a starting tag (an its attributes)<B>, the content and an ending tag </B>., 3 . Differentiate between container and empty element., Ans: Elements can be classified into two types, namely, container elements and empty, , elements., Conatiner elements: It has a starting and an ending tag. E.g., to make a certain, section of the text bold, the text is enclosed between the opening tag <B> and the, ending tag </B>., Empty elements: It has only the opening tag and its attributes. Empty elements, perform their specific functions without affecting the rest of the document. E.g., the, horizontal rule tag <HR> can be used directly and does not require any ending tag., Page - 1
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4 . Write the steps to create an HTML document using Notepad., Ans:, , To create an HTML document using Notepad, follow these steps:, , Step 1 :, , Click the START button and then click ALL PROGRAMS., , Step 2 :, , Click ACCESSORIES and then click NOTEPAD. The NOTEPAD window appears., , Step 3 :, , Type the HTML code., , Step 4 :, , To save the document, click the FILE menu and then click SAVE AS. The SAVE, AS dialog box appears., , Step 5 :, , Specify the location where the document to be saved from the left pane of, the dialog box, specify the name of the document in the FILE name text box, along with the .hmtl extension, and then click SAVE button., , 5 . Explain the terms ‘tag’, ‘attribute’ and ‘element’., Ans: TAGS: They are used to describe how a web page should be displayed. They deter mine, the major structural components in a document such as headings, paragraphs, horizonatal, lines, etc., ATTRIBUTES: They provide additional information about a tag such as alignment,, font colour, size of the text, etc. Attributes are defined in a tag after the tag, name. Each attribute has a name and a value. The value of the attribute is specified, after the name of the attribute and the equal to ‘=’ sign., ELEMENTS: It is a fundamental component to create a web page. It indicates how a, browser should display the information in the web page. An element generally, comprises a starting tag (and its attributes)<B>, the content and an ending tag </B>., 6 . Write a short note on HTML editors., Ans: An HTML editor is a software application that facilatates the creation of HTML, documents. There are two types of HMTL editors, namely, WYSIWYG and Text Editor., (a) WYSIWYG EDITOR:, It stands for What You See Is What You Get editor. It has an in-built interface, that allowed quickly design as well as preview the web pages. The main, advantage of WYSIWYG editor is that there is no need to have knowledge of, HTML tags - they are automatically generated. Few WYSIWYG editors existing, in the market are Microsoft Front Page, Front Page Express, Microsoft, Expression and Adobe Dream Weaver., ( b) TEXT EDITOR:, It allowed to manipulate the HTML tags directly. To use text editor we need to, have knowledge of HTML tags. These editors do not generate any HTML codes., Few examples of text editors are Notepad and WordPad., Page - 2
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PRACTICAL EXCERCISE : (CCE Skills - Practical and Operating), Create an HTML document on “SAVE ENVIRONMENT - SAVE EARTH”., Save the file with .html or .htm extension and analyse it in the web browser., <HTML>, <HEAD>, <TITLE> SAVE ENVIRONMENT - SAVE EARTH </TITLE>, </HEAD>, <BODY>, Going green is easier than you think. There are little things you can do every day to help, reduce greenhouse gases and make a less harmful impact on the environment. Taking, care of the Earth is not just a responsibility -- it’s a privilege. You may not be able to, reduce global warming, end pollution and save endangered species single-handed, but, by choosing to live an earth-friendly lifestyle you can do a lot every day to help achieve, those goal., And by making wise choices about how you live, and the amount of energy and natural, resources you consume, you send a clear message to business, politicians and government, agencies that value you as a customer, constituent and citizen., </BODY>, </HTML>, EXTRA QUESTIONS, Q1. What are the two major parts of an HTML ?, Ans: The two major parts of an HTML are:, (i) Hypertext, and (ii) Markup, Q2. Write the advantages of HTML., Ans: # It is used with all the browsers., # It does not require prior knowledge of any programming language., # It does not require any additional software to execute any code., Q3. Define a tag in HTML document., Ans: The instruction given in HTML in the form of text characters can be defined as, a tag., Q4. What do you unserstand while writing a tag ?, Ans: When we write a tag in HTML document it should not include extra spaces between, any characters (tag name)., Q5. What are three physical text style ?, Ans: The three physical text styles are B (Bold), I (Italic) and U (Underline)., Q6. What are the two distinct parts of an HTML document ?, Ans: An HTML document has two distinct part - a heand and a body., Q7. What does URL stand for ?, Ans: It stands for Uniform/Universal Resource Locator., Page - 3
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Q8. In what file format are HTML pages saved ?, Ans: In ASCII text file format all the HTML pages are saved., Q9. What file extension should be used for an HTML document ?, Ans: .html ot .htm, Q10. What are the three basic document tags ?, Ans: The three basic document tags are:, (i) <HEAD> (ii) <TITLE> (iii) <BODY>, Q11. Write the importance of HTML., Ans: 1. HTML can be used to display any type of document on the host computer, which can be on any computer (anywhere in the world)., 2. It is a versatile language and can be used on any platform (Macintosh,, Unix, Window, etc.), 3. HTML is used to make the text look attractive., 4. It has the additional feature of linking one document with another., Q12. Write the steps to start Notepad., Ans: To start Notepad, select, Start - All Programs - Accesories - Notepad, The Notepad window will appear., Type the HTML document., Q13. Write the steps to save the HTML document., Ans: To save the document, click File - Save., The Save As dialog box will appear., Give the Filename as Example.htm and click Save button., Q14. Fill in the blanks:, (a) HTML stands for Hypertext Markup Language., (b) An HTML document has two distinct parts: head and body., (c) In HTML document, the tags that have both an opening tag and a closing tag are, called container elements., (d) <HR> is an empty element., (e) <HTML> tag identifies the document as an HTML document., (f) The <TITLE> element is the only element that is required in the head of a document., (g) The <HR> element draws a horizontal line across the page., Q15. Define the following terms used in HTML with one example each:, (a) Tag, , (b) Attribute, , Ans: (a) Tag : The instruction given in HTML in the form of text characters., , e.g. < B > Here, left and right angle bracket are the tags., (b) Attribute : Attributes provudie additional information about a tag such as, alignment, font colour, size of the text, etc., , e.g. <FONT ALIGN=”CENTRE” SIZE=”10” >, Here, ALIGN and SIZE are the attributes, Page - 4
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